Sustainability Appraisal : Background Paper B

Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Local Development Framework

Sustainability Appraisal

Background Paper B Baseline Data

June 2010

Planning Policy Manager Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead Town Hall St. Ives Road Maidenhead SL6 1RF SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data Contents

Glossary i

1 Introduction 1

2 Population and Geographical Area 3

3 Housing 7

4 Transport and Accessibility 17

5 Community Activity and Neighbourhoods 31

6 Crime 37

7 Poverty and Social Exclusion 41

8 Health and Well-being 45

9 Education and Skills 51

10 Employment 57

11 Economy 65

12 Town, District and Local Centres 69

13 Leisure and Culture 73

14 Open Space and Landscape 79

15 Natural Environment 81

16 Quality of the Built Environment 89

17 Air and Noise 93

18 Energy and Climate Change 97

19 Use of Land Resources 105

20 Water Management and Flooding 111

21 Waste Management 117 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data Contents SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data i Glossary

Affordable housing Housing intended to meet the needs of people whose incomes are insufficient to enable them to buy or rent suitable housing, without subsidy, on the open market.

Air Quality Management Areas Local authorities have statutory duties for local air quality (AQMA) management under the Environment Act 1995. They are required to carry out regular reviews and assessments of air quality in their area against standards and objectives in the national Air Quality Strategy. Where it is found these are unlikely to be met, authorities must designate air quality management areas (AQMAs) and prepare and implement remedial action plans to tackle the problem.

AMR Annual Monitoring Report. Section 35 of the Planning & Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 requires every local planning authority to produce an Annual Monitoring Report.

Ancient Woodland Ancient Woodland in England, is defined as an area that has been wooded continuously since at least 1600 AD.

Audit Commission An independent public body responsible for ensuring that public money is spent economically, efficiently, and effectively in the areas of local government, housing, health, criminal justice and fire and rescue services.

Baseline Data The data is used as a reference with which to compare future observations or results.

Biodiversity The richness and variety of living things (i.e. plants and animals), which exist in a given area, and the habitats that support them.

BREEAM standard The Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) provides a comprehensive standard for reporting on the environmental performance of nonresidential buildings. The assessment includes energy efficiency, waste and water management of buildings and can help to reduce the running and maintenance costs of buildings and facilities.

Brownfield Site Land for development which has previously been developed.

Business Density Business density is calculated as the number of businesses within an area per 1, 000 residents is a good indicator of enterprise in an economy.

BVPI Best Value Performance Indicator. Now been replaced by National Indicators (NI).

CIEH Chartered Institute of Environmental Health.

Commission for Architecture and A Government funded organisation that promotes high standards in the Built Environment (CABE) the design of buildings and the spaces between them. It offers advice to those who create, manage and use the built environment.

Conservation Area An area which is of special historic or architectural character and is worthy of preservation designated by the Local Planning Authority under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990.

Decent Home A decent home meets the following four criteria: ii SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data Glossary

a – It meets the current statutory minimum standard for housing. Dwellings below this standard are those defined as unfit under section 604 of the Housing Act 1985 (as amended by the 1989 Local Government and Housing Act).

b – It is in a reasonable state of repair. Dwellings which fail to meet this criterion are those where either:

one or more of the key building components are old and, because of their condition, need replacing or major repair; or two or more of the other building components are old and, because of their condition, need replacing or major repair.

c – It has reasonably modern facilities and services. Dwellings which fail to meet this criterion are those which lack three or more of the following:

a reasonably modern kitchen (20 years old or less); a kitchen with adequate space and layout; a reasonably modern bathroom (30 years old or less); an appropriately located bathroom and WC; adequate insulation against external noise (where external noise is a problem); adequate size and layout of common areas for blocks of flats.

A home lacking two or less of the above is still classed as decent therefore it is not necessary to modernise kitchens and bathrooms if a home passes the remaining criteria.

d – It provides a reasonable degree of thermal comfort. This criterion requires dwellings to have both effective insulation and efficient heating. (ODPM definition)

Department for Environment, Food Department for Environment, Food and Regional Affairs. and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

Development Plan Document (DPD) A spatial planning document within the Council’s Local Development Framework which set out policies for development and the use of land. Together with the Regional Spatial Strategy they form the development plan for the area. They are subject to independent examination.

EcoHomes standard EcoHomes is an environmental assessment method that measures the potential environmental impacts of new and existing housing. EcoHomes has been devised by the Building Research Establishment. This flexible standard rewards positive steps to improve the environmental performance of housing in the UK. It considers the broad environmental concerns of climate change, resource use and impact on wildlife. It balances these against the need for a high-quality, safe and healthy internal environment.

Ecological Footprint This is a tool that measures our natural resource consumption and our global environmental impact. It measures the total quantity of land and sea area required to produce the food, fibre and minerals we consume, absorb the waste we produce (including CO2 emissions), and provide the space for our infrastructure. As we consume resources and ecological services from all over the world, so our footprint is a sum of those areas (measured in ‘global hectares), wherever they are on the planet. Ecological Footprint SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data iii Glossary

allows us to assess whether our consumption of natural resources is within the planet’s overall environmental limits.

Flood Zone Maps The Environment Agency prepare Flood Zone maps for local authority areas which show the annual probability of a flooding event in a given area. There are three categories of flood zone maps: Flood Zone 1 which is defined as low risk; Flood Zone 2 – medium risk i.e. 1 in 1000 years and Flood Zone 3 which is high risk i.e. 1 in 100 years from river flooding. These maps are used as a basis to identify those areas of land that may be vulnerable to flood events.

Fuel Poverty The common definition of a fuel poor household is one needing to spend in excess of 10% of household income to achieve a satisfactory heating regime (21°C in the living room and 18°C in the other occupied rooms).

Gross Value Added per capita One of the most commonly used measures of economic well-being is Gross Value Added (GVA) per head. GVA measures the contribution to the economy of each individual producer, industry or sector in the UK. In summary: GVA + taxes on products – subsidies on products = Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

HECA Home Energy Conservation Act.

HIP Housing Investment Programme.

Historic Parks and Gardens These are included on the English Heritage Register of Parks and Gardens of special historic interest in England.

Indicator Measure of variables over time, often used to measure achievement of objectives.

Indices of Deprivation The most comprehensive mapping of deprivation across England was launched in April 2004 by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM). The new indices are based on 37 indicators classified into seven domains of deprivation:

income deprivation • employment deprivation health deprivation and disability • living environment deprivation barriers to housing and services crime education, skills and training deprivation

A weighting system has been employed to take account of the relative contribution that each of the seven domains contributes to the level of deprivation within an area. ‘Income Deprivation’ and ‘Employment Deprivation’ are the most highly weighted, each being given a weighting of 22.5%.

Job Density Job density figures represent the ratio of total jobs to working-age population.

Listed Building A building listed by the Secretary of State for the Department of Culture, Media and Sport as being of special architectural or historic interest.

Local Development Framework Consists of a number of documents which together form the spatial (LDF) strategy for development and the use of land. iv SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data Glossary

Local Nature Reserve (LNR) A site of special scientific interest designated by the Local Planning Authority under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 as being a nature reserve of local importance.

Material Recovery Facility (MRF) An MRF accepts all the dry mixed recycables (plastic bottles, food and drink cans, newspapers, magazines, etc) that are collected from kerbside collections. It then separates the mixture into one type and bales it together into a load which can be transported to a commercial facility which recycles the material into a raw product.

Micro-renewables/Microgeneration Microgeneration is an environmentally-friendly method of producing heat and power on a small scale - including technologies such as solar panels, small-scale wind turbines and heat pumps.

NI National Indicator. They are the measure on which central Government will performance manage outcomes delivered by local government working alone or in partnership. They replace all other existing sets of indicators including Best Value Performance Indicators

NOMIS Official labour market statistics.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Are formed during high temperature combustion processes from the oxidation of nitrogen in the air or fuel. The principal source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is road traffic. Nitrogen dioxide can irritate the lungs and lower resistance to respiratory infections such as influenza. Continued or frequent exposure to concentrations that are typically much higher than those normally found in the ambient air may cause increased incidence of acute respiratory illness in children.

ONS Office of National Statistics.

Protected species The European Protected Species of animals are listed on Annex IV to the EU Habitats Directive. Not all of these occur in the UK; the terrestrial species that do occur are all species of horseshoe bats, other typical species of bat, Dormice, Sand lizard, Large Blue Butterfly, great crested newt, common otter, smooth snake, sturgeon and natterjack toad. Through domestic legislation in the United Kingdom (the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 applies in Great Britain) a larger number of additional species are protected by inclusion in Schedules 5 (animals) and 8 (plants) to the Act.

RAMSAR site Wetland of International importance designated by Government under the terms of the Ramsar Convention.

RBWM Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead.

Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) This was prepared by the regional planning body (RBWM is covered by the South East England Partnership Board). In the South East, RSS is the South East Plan which sets out strategic policies for development and the use of land. Regional Spatial Strategies were abolished by the coalition government on 6th July 2010.

Renewable Energy Renewable energy sources capture energy from existing flows of energy, from on-going natural processes, such as sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes and geothermal heat flows.

SAP rating The Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is a measure of the energy efficiency of a property using a scale from 1-100. The higher the rating the more energy efficient the property. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data v Glossary

Scheduled Ancient Monument Nationally important archaeological sites included in the Schedule (SAM) of Ancient Monuments maintained by the Secretary of State under Ancient Monument and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.

Shared ownership New or existing dwelling that is sold on a part-rent/part-sale basis.

Site of Special Scientific Interest Site of Special Scientific Interest as designated by English Nature (SSSI) under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 to afford protection to the flora, fauna, geological or physiological features of special interest being of national importance.

Social housing Rented housing owned registered social landlords for which guideline target rents are determined.

South East England Development The South East England Development Agency, established to Agency (SEEDA) promote the sustainable economic development of the region. This includes issues relating to regeneration and social exclusion, learning, rural issues, innovation and technology transfer, enterprise, business development and environmental sustainability.

South East England Partnership The Partnership Board brings together councillors and the Regional Board (SEEPB) Development Agency to prepare, deliver and monitor a regional strategy which will make the South East a better and more sustainable place to live and work. Took over regional planning responsibilities from SEERA on 1 April 2009 when SEERA was dissolved. SEEPB were disbanded on the 31st July 2010.

South East England Regional The, comprising 111 members, including elected councillors Assembly (SEERA) nominated by the region’s local authorities. As the Regional Planning Body the Assembly has responsibility for proposing strategic planning and transport policies to Government; it prepares, monitors and reviews Regional Planning Guidance (RPG) for South East England, and within that framework, the Regional Transport Strategy (RTS). Was dissolved on 1st April 2009.

Special Area of Conservation (SAC) Special Areas of Conservation are designated by the Government under the terms of the European Union Directive 92/43/EEC, the Habitats Directive. These areas are of European importance for both habitats and species (usually designated as an SSSI).

Special Protection Area (SPA) Special Protection Area designated by the Government under the terms of the European Communities Council Directive 79/404/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds. A site of European importance for birds.

Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Sulphur dioxide is an acidic gas which combines with water vapour in the atmosphere to produce acid rain. SO2 in ambient air can also affect human health, particularly in those suffering from asthma and chronic lung diseases. The principal source of this gas is power stations burning fossil fuels which contain sulphur.

Super Output Areas (SOAs) These are small areas within wards used by the Office for National Statistics and other organisations for statistical purposes.

Supplementary Planning Document Provides supplementary guidance to policies and proposals contained (SPD) within Development Plan Documents. They do not form part of the development plan, nor are they subject to independent examination. vi SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data Glossary

Sustainable Development (SD) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Brundtland 1987). Four priorities are Climate change and energy Sustainable consumption and production Natural resource protection and environmental enhancement Sustainable communities

Sustainable Urban Drainage System Sustainable Urban Drainage System. These provide for more (SUDS) environmentally sustainable urban drainage through systems designed to reduce run off, slow its rate or provide for filtering, sedimentation and biological degradation of the water.

Unfit homes A decent home, as defined by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, is one which is wind and weather tight, warm and has modern facilities; an unfit home is one which fails to meet this criteria.

Use Classes The Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987 (as amended) lists separate classes of land use. Change of use within a use class does not normally require planning permission.

Use Classes (Amendment 2005)

A1: Shops A2: Financial and Professional Services A3: Restaurants and Cafes A4: Drinking Establishments A5: Hot Food Takeaways B1: Business B2: General Industry B8: Storage and Distribution C1: Hotels C2: Residential Institutions C3: Dwelling Houses D1: Non-Residential Institutions D2: Assembly and Leisure SG: Sui Generis

Yields The yields quoted in the tables are ‘all risk yields’ calculated by dividing the annual rent, as though it had been received as a single sum at the year end, by the capital value or sale price of the property. The ‘all risks yield’ is a simple benchmark which the property market uses to assess the comparative attractiveness of different shopping centres. It is the ratio of rental income to capital value and is expressed in terms of the open market rent of a property as percentage of the capital value.

Table 1 Glossary SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 1 Introduction 1

1.1 This report is a background paper for the Sustainability Appraisal (SA) of Windsor and Maidenhead’s Local Development Framework (LDF) documents. It has been produced by the Assistant Research Officer in the Planning Policy Team of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. There has been close collaboration with other Officers throughout the Council to ensure that the evidence is correct and relevant. Also, much of the information has been gathered and refined as a result of public consultations on LDF documents and SA Reports since 2005.

1.2 The report presents a review of social, economic and environmental information for Windsor and Maidenhead and uses the latest statistics from a variety of national, regional and local sources. Each theme includes a number of key indicators. The indicators are based on those set out in the Regional Sustainability Framework (2008) for the south east. (1)and also utilise national indicators.

1.3 Since the last update, there has been a change in the way Local Government performance is reported. Previously Best Value Performance Indicators (BVPI) were used. These have now been replaced by National Indicators (NI) and Local Area Agreements (LAA). See glossary for more information on these performance indicators.

1.4 The data will be used:

To identify key issues affecting the Royal Borough; As part of the evidence base for producing SA Reports for all the Development Plan Documents (DPDs) and Supplementary Plan Documents (SPDs) that form part of the Council’s Local Development Framework; and To monitor the policies and proposals that will be included in the Local Development Framework.

1.5 It is important to note that the data in this document will be updated periodically in order to inform the Sustainability Appraisal process undertaken for each DPD and SPD.

1.6 For the purposes of this update, the colour of the indicator is based on trend data in RBWM. If there is no trend data, RBWM data is compared to that for Berkshire (or regional data if appropriate) where available.

1.7 A green indicator is taken as being an improvement on the previous year; amber as being only just worse than previous year; red is significantly worse, and grey means there is no comparable data at either RBWM or Berkshire/ Regional level.

1 South East England Partnership Board (SEEPB). 2 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 1 Introduction SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 3 Population and Geographical Area 2

Geographical Area

The Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead is a unitary authority in east Berkshire covering approximately 19,843 hectares.

The borough is situated 25 miles to the west of London and borders the counties of Buckinghamshire and Surrey.

The whole of the borough, with the exception of the larger settlements, lies within the Metropolitan Green Belt. This means that 83% of the Borough lies in the Green Belt. (2) There are 21 recognised settlements within the Borough.

The river Thames is one of the borough’s most significant landscape features.

The borough has excellent access to the M4, M25, M40 and the M3 Motorways as well as other parts of the strategic road network. It also benefits from railway lines linking to London, Reading, Slough and Guildford.

Cookham Bisham Cookham Rise

Hurley BUCKINGHAMSHIRE COUNTY

Burchetts Green Maidenhead OXFORDSHIRE COUNTY Warren Row

Littlewick Green SLOUGHSLOUGH Knowl Hill Bray Holyport Eton Wick Willowbrook White Waltham Eton Fifield WOKINGHAM Waltham St Lawrence Windsor Horton

Old Windsor Shurlock Row

Wraysbury Hythe End

BRACKNELL FOREST

Woodside SURREY COUNTY Cheapside Ascot Major Settlements Recognised Settlements Sunninghill Green Belt Sunningdale Excluded Settlements South Ascot

Figure 1 Major settlements and extent of green belt

Source: RBWM

2 ODPM Green Belt Statistics (2003). 4 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 2 Population and Geographical Area

Population

The 2008 ONS estimate for the Borough is a population of 142,800(3); which compares with an estimate of 137,936 produced by the Berkshire Population Model in 2009.

Population information for the Royal Borough comes from both the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and from the Berkshire Population Model, which is produced for the Berkshire Authorities by the Data Management and Analysis Group. ONS figures are trend based projections, which means assumptions for future levels of births,deaths and migration are based on observed levels mainly over the previous five years. They show what the population will be if recent trends in these continue. The Berkshire Population Model figures are based on ONS data, plus annual net housing completions and forecasts supplied by the Unitary Authorities.

The 2001 Census showed that approximately 62% of the population live in the towns of Maidenhead and ‘Windsor and Eton’. By 2009 this figure was 65%.

In 2001, the wards with the highest population count were Cox Green, Oldfield, Belmont and Clewer North. In 2009 these were: Cox Green, Oldfield, Belmont and Bray.

Settlement Approximate Population in Approximate Population in 2001 2009

Maidenhead (inc. Cox Green) 50,000 52,000

Windsor 28,000 28,900

The Cookhams 6,650 6,700

Datchet 4,650 4,600

Eton Town & Eton Wick 5,300 5,400

Old Windsor 4,800 4,750

Horton and Wraysbury 4,600 4,700

Ascot 5,100 5,550

Sunninghill & South Ascot 6,500 6,600

Sunningdale 4,900 5,400

Table 2 Principal Settlements and their Approximate Population

3 ONS Revised Mid-Year Estimates. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 5 Population and Geographical Area 2

Age Structure

Figure 2 Population pyramid comparing 2001 Census with 2009 estimates

Source: ONS National Statistics Census 2001 © Crown Copyright/ Berkshire Population Model 2009 data © GLA

At the 2001 Census, the age structure of the Borough’s population was very similar to the national average, apart from relatively fewer young people of 15 to 24 years old. This is probably because high house prices prevent young people from setting up home in the Borough. According to the Berkshire Population Model, this trend seems to have continued.

In general, the population of the Borough at 2009 has followed trends set in the 2001 Census.

15.4% of the borough’s population is aged 65 years or over and 1.9% is 85 years or over. (4) By 2009, population estimates suggest 18.3% is aged 65 years or over, with 2.5% aged 85 years or over. This is in line with the national age structure but higher than the rest of Berkshire. The population of the Royal Borough is ageing as the 65-plus age group accounted for only 13.1% of the population in the 1981 Census.

4 2001 Census. 6 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 2 Population and Geographical Area

Ethnicity

In 2001, 7.5% of the borough's population is from a non-white or mixed ethnic minority background. It is estimated that by 2007 this figure had increased to 11%.

Ethnicity 2001 Census 2007 Estimate 2001 Census 2007 Estimate RBWM % RBWM % England % England %

White 92.5 89.0 91 88.2

Mixed 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.7

Asian or Asian 4.6 5.9 4.6 5.7 British

Black or Black 0.4 1.5 2.3 2.8 British

Chinese or Other 1.1 1.6 0.9 1.5 Ethnic Group

Table 3 Ethnic Mix

Source: 2001 Census © Crown Copyright Census; ONS Neighbourhood Statistics, June 2007. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 7 Housing 3

Housing Completions and Densities

In 2008/09, 98% of permissions and 79% of completions were on urban sites (not in the Green Belt). On average over the past 6 years, 92% of all new housing built has been within existing settlements. Virtually all this development has been in the ‘excluded settlements’ – these are urban areas excluded from the Green Belt. During this time 66% of these dwellings were built in Maidenhead (inc. Cox Green) and Windsor.

In 2008/09, 21% of completions were in the green belt, but this was mainly due to the redevelopment of part of the Heatherwood hospital site. This is designated as a major developed site in the green belt.

In 1995/6, flats made up only 34% of all new dwellings built in the borough, whereas 64% of all new dwellings since 2001 have been flats.

Since the abolition of the South East Plan by the coalition government on 6th July 2010, this has removed the target for the annual level of housing completions in the Borough, previously set at 346 net dwellings per annum. There is currently no housing target.

Current Local Plan policy requires the Council to achieve an average of 30% affordable housing on housing sites of 0.5ha or over or schemes proposing 15 or more net additional dwellings.

It has been estimated that 1,584 affordable dwellings per annum are required in the borough over the next 5 years(5). These estimates of affordable need are several times greater than the borough’s total annual housing allocation.

During 2008/09, 83% of completions on sites of more than 10 units were over 30 dwellings per hectare (d.p.h.).

During 2008/09, the vast majority of dwellings were permitted at over 30 d.p.h.

5 RBWM Housing Needs Survey January 2005. 3 Housing 8 Indicator RBWM South East Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source

RBWM unless unless stated) / Constraints Status (6) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) Data Quality (7)

Net Housing 2001/02 = 327 2007/08 = 35,400 Due to the Thames 1 NI 154 Completions 2002/03 = 314 (32,700 net Basin Heaths SPA, (Green) Annual 'Planning 2003/04 = 277 dwelling alternative open space Commitments for 2004/05 = 354 completions - will need to be found as Housing' RBWM 2005/06 = 401 average annual mitigation for new (2009). 2006/07 = 359 provision). housing in SE of RBWM Annual 2007/08 = 448 borough. Monitoring Report 2008/09 = 474 (2009) DCLG housing returns (8) SEERA Regional Monitoring Report (2008)

Net Affordable 2001/02 = 98 2006/07 = 7,100 % of all new build Exceeding 30% Includes affordable 1 NI 155 Housing (29%) (21%) should be target. housing provided (Green) RBWM AMR (2009) Completions (% 2002/03 = 74 2007/08 = 7,400 affordable through Section 106 SEERA Regional affordable of all (25%) (21%) housing: agreements and Monitoring Report new build) 2003/04 = -4 (0%) RBWM = 30% Registered Social (2008) 2004/05 = 134 Landlords (RSLs) (does (35%) not include off-the-shelf' 2005/06 = 57 purchases by RSLs). (13%) 2006/07 = 51 (12%) 2007/08 = 134 (26%) 2008/09 = 228 (46%)

6 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 7 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 8 http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/ Indicator RBWM South East Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source RBWM unless unless stated) / Constraints Status (6) & stated) Data Quality (7)

Residential Medium (30-50 2007/08 = 38.4 Increase in the 1 Local Output Indicator densities (on d.p.h) and large d.p.h number of small (Green) WMH8 RBWM Annual completed sites) (>50 d.p.h) Sites sites (<30 d.p.h) Monitoring Report completed in (2009) Medium: 2008/09. Regional Monitoring 2006/07 = 49% Report (2008) 2007/08 = 21% 2008/09 = 13%

Large: 2006/07 = 51% 2007/08 = 77% 2008/09 = 70%

Table 4 Housing completions and densities

Type of Housing

In 2001, one third of all dwellings in the Borough were detached in 2001, compared with 23% nationally, which reflects the relative wealth of the area. 20% were flats - exactly the same as nationally. ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Housing

7 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 9 3 3 Housing 10 ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

Figure 3 Type and Size of new dwellings built in the Borough since and compared to 2001 building stock

Source: 2001 Census, Standard Table 49; RBWM residential monitoring.

Household Size

Average household size has fallen steadily from about 2.6 in 1991 to 2.39 in 2001.

The number and proportion of one-person households is increasing and this trend is likely to continue up to 2026. (9) One-person households account for 28% of all households in RBWM, and within this category, single pensioners comprise 13%.

One-person households Married Couple Co-habiting couple Other Total Households Pensioner Other households households RBWM 1991 6,682 5,956 51,827 12.9% 11.5% 100% RBWM 2001 7,195 7,965 27,221 4,297 7,583 54,261 13.3% 14.7% 50.2% 7.9% 14.0% 100%

9 Berkshire Housing Market Assessment 2007. One-person households Married Couple Co-habiting couple Other Total Households Pensioner Other households households England & Wales 2001 14.4% 15.6% 45.5% 8.3% 16.2% 100%

Table 5 Household sizes

Source: 2001 Census, Key Statistics Table 20, 1991 Census, LBS data Table 42 ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Housing 11 3 12 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 3 Housing

Housing Tenure

73% of households are owner-occupiers (national average 68%).

Council’s housing stock transferred to two Housing Associations in April 1995.

Social housing accounts for only 12% in the Borough compared with 19% nationally.

Private renting increased between 1991 and 2001, reflecting the inability of young people to purchase properties locally, the ‘buy-to-let’ phenomenon and also the amount of corporate letting in the area.

Housing Tenure in the Royal Borough

25 RBWM England and Wales 20 Households (%)

0 Owns outright Owns with a Shared Rented from: Rented from: Rented from: Rented from: mortgage or ownership Local Authority Housing Private landlord Other loan Association/ or letting Registered agency Social Landlord

Figure 4 Housing tenure House Prices

Local house prices are the highest outside Greater London and are beyond the means of many local people and key workers.

In 2009, the house price/earnings ratio in the Borough was 9.64; the highest in Berkshire and one of the 10 most expensive in the South East.

Indicator RBWM UK / England Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source RBWM unless unless stated) / Constraints Status (10) & stated) Data Quality (11)

Average April 2008- England/Wales N/A Local house prices are Indicator status cannot 1 Land Registry (12) House Prices March 2009 = March 2009 some of the highest in be classified since (Grey) between £152,987 the country apart from rising house prices £342,666 - a few London have both positive and £303,139 Boroughs. negative socio-economic implications

House Price / 2005 = 11.06 2005 = 6.82 N/A Highest in Berkshire This is a measure of 1 CLG - Live tables on housing Earnings 2006 = 11.05 2006 = 7.15 and higher than the SE affordability; the lower (Green) market and house prices (13) Ratio 2007 = 11.94 2007 = 7.25 average. the number the more 2008 = 11.25 2008 = 6.97 affordable the housing. 2009 = 9.64 2009 = 6.28 RBWM has high house prices compared to ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA earnings, but has seen a decrease in the last year.

Table 6 House prices

Other Housing Issues

Households on the housing register are likely to remain fairly high due to high property values which affects affordability. Housing

10 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 11 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 12 http://www.landreg.gov.uk/property_info/ 13 Tables 576: Ratio of lower quartile house price to lower quartile earnings by district http://http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/housingstatisticsby/housingmarket/livetables/ 13 3 3 Housing 14 The proportion of unfit homes in the borough is lower than regional figures. ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA The number of empty homes in RBWM is decreasing following regional and national trends.

Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (14) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (15)

Households 2004 = 2,418 N/A 2005 = 2002 = Reduce RBWM figures No Social 1 Housing Policy on Housing 2005 = 2,353 181,196 1,093,342 number of are reducing Housing Grant (Green) Unit – Annual Register 2006 = 1,690 2006 = 2003 = households in slightly but impacting on HIP Return. 2007 = 1,674 195,700 1,263,550 housing need likely to remain affordable SEERA 2008 = 2,279 2007 = 2004 = on Housing fairly high due housing Regional 2009 = 2,023 197,900 1,434,031 Register. to high completions. Monitoring 2008 = 2005 = (South East property Government Report 2008. 203,200 1,543,509 IRF) values which only collects Communities in turn makes statistics on and Local most homes homeless Government. unaffordable. people who (16) have applied to local authorities for help.

Homelessness 2006/07 = 29 N/A 2004/05 = England: To reduce the Relatively 1 Housing Policy (numbers 2007/08 = 25 12,420 2004/05 = numbers of stable (Amber) Unit – Annual accepted as 2008/09 = 27 2005/06 = 120,860 homeless numbers for HIP Return. homeless and 9,320 2005/06 = households in RBWM, but a Communities in priority 2006/07 = 93,980 priority need. slight increase and Local need) 6,660 2006/07 = (South East in 2008/09. Government. 73,360 IRF) (17)

14 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 15 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 16 http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/housingstatisticsby/localauthorityhousing/dataforms/225722/hssahousingstrategy/ 17 http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/housingstatisticsby/homelessnessstatistics/livetables/ Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (14) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (15)

Temporary Temporary N/A Temporary Temporary Target: Decrease 1 NI 156 Accommodation Accommodation: Accommodation: Accommodation: Nil use of B&B since last year. (Green) / Rough 2003/04 = 23 2003/04 = 2003/04 = as temporary Housing Policy sleepers 2004/05 = 10 14,160 120,010 accommodation Unit – Annual 2005/06 = 14 2004/05 = 2004/05 = HIP Return. 2006/07 = 20 13,570 121,980 Communities 2007/08 = 15 2005/06 = 2005/06 = and Local Rough sleeper 11,690 107,380 Government. (18) (est.) is 2006/07 = 2006/07 = between 0 – 8,850 95,900 20 people

NI 156: 2008/09 = 12

Number of 2005/06: Unfit N/A 2005/06: Unfit To reduce the Proportion of 1 RBWM Annual unfit homes / dwellings = dwellings = percentage of unfit homes is (Green) Housing category one 566(1% of total 118,000 (3.3% unfit/non-decent lower than Investment hazards dwelling stock) of total homes, with a regional Programme 2006/07: Unfit dwelling stock) specific target figures (HIP) return.

dwellings = to eliminate SEERA Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 606 (1% of them in the Regional total dwelling public sector Monitoring stock) by 2010 - Report 2006 South East HSSA Return Category one IRF 2009 (CLG) Hazard: 2009 = 4368 Housing

14 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 15 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 18 http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/housingstatisticsby/homelessnessstatistics/livetables/ 15 3 3 Housing 16 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (14) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (15)

Number of 2004 = 1,235 2006 = 8,231 2004 = 83,371 England: Decrease in 1 Housing Policy empty 2005 = 3,140** 2007 = 7,874 2005 = 91,232 2004 = the number of (Green) Unit - Annual residential 2006 = 1,997 2008 = 8,151 2006 = 84,562 689,675 empty homes. HIP Return. properties 2007 = 1,982 2009 = 7,042 2007 = 83,745 2005 = Empty Homes (homes) 2008 = 1,588 2008 = 91,074 680,412 website. (19) 2009 = 1,569 2009 = 84,205 2006 = CLG Housing ** this 663,328 and Planning published 2007 = Key Facts (20) figure is 672,924 actually 2008 = incorrect. 697,055 2009 = 651,993

Table 7 Other housing issues

Transport Network

Description

Road Motorways within the borough include the M4, M25, A404(M) and A308(M). Network Principle roads within the Borough include the A4, A30, A308, A329 and A322.

Rail The borough is well served by rail routes, with 10 stations on 6 different lines. Network The Great Western main line runs east-west through Maidenhead linking London Paddington with the south-west and Wales.

There are branch lines to Marlow from Maidenhead and from Slough to Windsor & Eton Central.

The south of borough is served by trains out of London Waterloo (a line to Windsor & Eton Riverside calling at Wraysbury, Sunnymeads and Datchet and a line serving Ascot and Sunningdale en route to Bracknell and Reading). Ascot is also an interchange for services to Guildford.

The rail network well-used with 6.3% residents commuting by rail 2001 Census. (compared with 4.1% nationally).

6.4% of inward commuters travel by rail(21).

Bus There are 25 different bus and coach services in the borough. The Council currently provides Travel financial support for 7 local bus routes and contribute via De Minimus and Cross Boundary agreements to a further 5.

Network services changed in January 2009 to improve services e.g. to St. Marks Hospital.

Patronage levels are up with over four years of continuous growth.

Park There are two park and ride facilities serving the Windsor area, including a shuttle bus to and Legoland. Ride

Table 8 Description of the Transport Network

21 Source: 2001 Census, Special Workplace Table 103 18 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 4 Transport and Accessibility

Legend

RBWM Boundary Motorway A Road Train Station Other: Railway Settlements

Planning Scale: 1:150,000 TRANSPORT NETWORK Map printed on: 07.09.2009

This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Staionery Office © Crown copyright.

Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead. Licence Number 1000 18817 2009. No further copies may be made.

Figure 5 Transport network SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 19 Transport and Accessibility 4

Source: Ordnance Survey. (22)

Traffic Flows

Average Daily Traffic Flows

2003/4 2004/5 2005/6 2006/7 2007/8 2008/9 2010/11 Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Target

Maidenhead 85,262 85,453 85,533 85,947 85,117 82,999 93,869

Windsor 55,774 56,910 56,829 56,239 55,822 54,600 60,799

Rest of 38,340 38,057 39,316 40,290 40,336 40,245 42,211 Borough

Table 9 Average daily traffic flows

Source: RBWM permanent automatic traffic counters.

Car Ownership

There is a high level of car ownership in the borough. The borough has average of 1.47 cars per household, compared with Berkshire 1.38, South-East 1.30 and England & Wales 1.11. Only 14% of households in the borough are without a car or van compared with 27% nationally. This amounts to 7,780 households.

22 This map is reproduced from Ordnance Survey material with the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationary Office © Crown Copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Royal Borough of Windsor & Maidenhead, Licence Number LA1000 18817, 2009. 20 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 4 Transport and Accessibility

Car Ownership in the Royal Borough

England and Wales 25 RBWM

Households (%) 20

0 None One Two Three Four or more Number of Cars

Figure 6 Car ownership

Travel to Work

The proportion and number of residents working from home almost doubled between 1991 and 2001. Relatively more of Windsor and Maidenhead’s residents commute by car to work than nationally. The 66.3% of borough residents commuting as a driver or passenger of a car amounts to 45,000 daily. Car commuting has declined slightly in proportionate terms since 1991 but shows a slight actual increase of about 500 commuters. The average distance travelled to work in the borough (13.64km) is very similar to the national average (13.39km) (source: 2001 Census). Percentage of residents aged 16-74 in employment who usually:

Work Travel to work by: mainly from home Underground, Train Bus, Motorcycle, Driving a Passenger Taxi Bicycle On foot Other Total metro, mini-bus, scooter, car or van in car or tram, etc. coach moped van

RBWM 1991 6.4 0.2 5.0 2.8 1.0 69.0 n.a. 3.1 10.2 2.3 100

RBWM 2001 11.5 0.3 6.3 1.8 1.0 62.1 4.2 0.4 2.8 9.2 0.6 100

England & 9.2 3.0 4.1 7.4 1.1 55.2 6.3 0.5 2.8 10.0 0.5 100 Wales 2001

Table 10 Mode of Travel to Work

Source: 2001 Census, Key Statistics 15; 1991 Census, LBS Table 82

Commuting Flows

Main out-flows are to Greater London (10,700), Slough (6,300), Bracknell (2,350) and Wycombe (2,300). Main in-flows are from Slough (5,300), Greater London (4,750), Bracknell Forest (4,600), Wycombe (3,150), Wokingham (3,300). Accessibility and Transport The levels of commuting in and out of the Borough increased between 1981 and 2001. Net commuting into the borough increased probably due to increased employment opportunities in the borough. ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 21 4 4 rnpr n Accessibility and Transport 22 Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source (23) unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Data Quality (24)

Net commuting Commuting out: None Census data only 1 2001 Census, Special into/from RBWM 1981 = 7,949 available every 10 (Grey) Workplace Table 103, 1991 = 2,670 years. 1991 Census, Workplace & Transport Commuting in: to Work, Tables 2 & 3. 2001 = 2,286

Table 11 Commuting into/from RBWM

23 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 24 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. rnpr n Accessibility and Transport

Figure 7 Daily Commuting Flows (2001) ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 23 4 4 rnpr n Accessibility and Transport 24 Travel to School ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Indicator RBWM South East Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless unless stated) Problems / Status (25) & stated) Constraints Data Quality (26)

Children % who travel by 2004/05: 2010/11 = 37% Situation Based on how 2 NI 198 travelling to car Car = 38% improving. children normally (Amber) National Congestion school – mode of 2006/07 = 42.4% Walk = 45% travel to school. Indicator travel usually 2007/08 = 42.7% Bus/Coach= 11% SEEPB Annual Monitoring used (reduce % 2008/09 = 41.8% Report (2008) who travel by 2005/06: Annual Progress Report car) Car = 36% (LTP) (2008) Walk = 42% Bus/Coach = 16%

Table 12 Travel to school

Travel Plans

Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (27) & Data Quality (28)

Number of Travel 2008/09 = 5 A number of travel 1 RBWM Local Transport Plans completed and plans are currently (Grey) Plan active - Workplace being progressed and (including colleges) are at an interim stage. These come into force

25 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 26 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 27 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 28 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (27) & Data Quality (28)

upon occupation of the development so there is often a time lapse.

Number of schools 2005/06 = 13 At the end of 2008/09, 1 RBWM Local Transport with Travel Plans 2006/07 = 31 75% of state schools (Green) Plan 2008/09 = 15 are covered by School (new additions per Travel Plans. year)

Table 13 Travel plans

Bus Use and Cycle Trips

Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source (29)

unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status & Accessibility and Transport Data Quality (30)

Local bus and light 2004/05 = 1,287,842 2009/10 = 1,305,000 Increase in the use of Figures supplied by bus 1 NI 177 rail passenger 2005/06 = 1,232,244 bus services. operators. (Green) LAA Target N177

journeys originating 2006/07 = 1,414,598 BVPI 102 - National Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA in the authority area 2007/08 = 1,586,000 Congestion Indicator 2008/09 = 1,678,000

Bus services running 2008/09 = 88% 2010/11 = 95.5% None 1 NI 178 on time (Grey)

27 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 28 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 29 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 30 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 25 4 4 rnpr n Accessibility and Transport 26 Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source (29) unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Data Quality (30)

Cycling Trips 2006/07 = 100 2010/11 = 120 None Annual surveys at 2 National Congestion (annualised index) (baseline) cordon sites around (Red) Indicator 2007/08 = 97.3 Maidenhead, Windsor (single local snapshot 2008/09 = 92 and on National Cycle survey in September Network each year)

Table 14 Bus use and cycle trips

Accessibility

The total travel time includes: the walk to the public transport stop/station; the wait time; the travel time while using the form of public transport; any interchange time (where applicable); and the walk to the destination. The travel time represents 30 minutes travelling time by walking or cycling where there is no public transport.

Indicator RBWM Comments / Problems / Indicator Source Constraints Status (31) & Data Quality (32)

Percentage of households within 30 minutes 2007/08 = 99% 1 Accession software. public transport & walking time of aGP 2008/09 = 99% (Green) RBWM Annual Monitoring Report 2008/09

Percentage of households within 30 minutes 2007/08 = 87% 1 Accession software. public transport & walking time of a hospital. 2008/09 = 90% (Green) RBWM Annual Monitoring Report

29 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 30 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 31 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 32 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM Comments / Problems / Indicator Source Constraints Status (31) & Data Quality (32)

Percentage of households within 30 minutes 2007/08 = 99% 1 Accession software. public transport & walking time of a primary 2008/09 = 99% (Green) RBWM Annual Monitoring school. Report 2008/09

Percentage of households within 40 minutes 2007/08 = 94% 1 Accession software. public transport & walking time of a 2008/09 = 90% (Amber) RBWM Annual Monitoring secondary school. Report 2008/09

Percentage of households within 30 minutes 2007/08 = 91% 1 Accession software. public transport & walking time of further 2008/09 = 90% (Amber) RBWM Annual Monitoring education. Report 2008/09

Percentage of households within 40 minutes 2007/08 = 98% NI 176 1 NI 176 public transport & walking time of areas of 2008/09 = 98% (Green) Accession software. employment. RBWM Annual Monitoring Report 2008/09 rnpr n Accessibility and Transport Percentage of households within 30 minutes 2007/08 = 99% NI 175 1 NI 175 public transport & walking time of a local 2008/09 = 99% (Green) Accession software. centre. RBWM Annual Monitoring Report 2008/09 ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Table 15 Accessibility

31 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 32 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 27 4 4 rnpr n Accessibility and Transport 28 Casualty Rates ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (33) & Data Quality (34)

People killed or All roads (BVPI): Original target: 63 NI requires 3 year 1 BVPI 99a has now seriously injured in 2004 = 55 (-40%) rolling average, e.g. (Grey) been replaced by NI road traffic accidents 2005 = 60 2008/09 % change 47.(35) 2006 = 72 PSA Stretch target: 42 based on average 2007 = 47 (-60%) number of accidents in 2008 = 68 2004/5/6 and 2005/6/7.

NI 47 (% change): 2008/09 = 4.3% 2009/10 = -4.5%

Table 16 Casualty Rates - road accidents

Perceptions of Transport

The level of traffic congestion seems to be a particular concern in the borough, with 59% thinking it has got worse not better. Approximately one third of residents surveyed (see table below) are satisfied with the frequency of buses and the provision of public transport information, with 40% having used local bus services in the last year(36).

33 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 34 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 35 NI requires 3 year rolling average. Data collected from January to December which also includes motorways. All figures are calendar years (reported a year in arrears) as reported to DfT/BVPI/NI monitoring. 36 Place Survey 2008 Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (37) & Data Quality (38)

Percentage of 2003/04 = 66.9% 1 BVPI User Satisfaction residents who think 2009 = 62% (Amber) Survey 2003/04 that for their local Place Survey 2009 area, over the past three years, that public transport has got better or stayed the same.

Percentage of 2003/04 = 27.11% 2009 = 42% thought 1 BVPI User Satisfaction residents who think 2009 = N/A - see traffic congestion was (Red) Survey 2003/04 that for their local comments column. the area most in need Place Survey 2009 area, over the past of improvement, with three years, that the 70% thinking it has got level of traffic worse not better.

congestion has got Accessibility and Transport better or stayed the same.

The percentage of 2003/04 = 34.74% 1 BVPI User Satisfaction residents satisfied (Grey) Survey 2003/04 (very or fairly) with Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA the frequency of buses

The percentage of 2006/07 = 49% 2009/10 = 65% Increase in satisfaction. 1 BVPI 104u residents satisfied 2008 = 36% (Green) Place Survey 2009 with the local bus 2009 = 39 % service overall – users.

37 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 38 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 29 4 4 rnpr n Accessibility and Transport 30 Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source (37) unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Data Quality (38)

The percentage of 2006/07 = 32% 2009/10 = 50% Increase in satisfaction. 1 BVPI 103 residents satisfied 2008 = 35% (Green) Place Survey 2009 with the provision of 2009 = 39% public transport information overall.

Table 17 Perceptions of transport

37 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 38 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 31 Community Activity and Neighbourhoods 5

Eight out of ten people in the borough are satisfied or very satisfied with their local area as a place to live.

85% of local people agree that their local area is a place where people from different backgrounds get on well together.

In 2001, 8.6% of people in the borough were providing unpaid care.

The level of local people who have given unpaid help to groups, clubs or organisations at least once in the last year is 45%. (39)

Election turnout for people in the borough for parliamentary elections lies between 57% - 76%. Turnout dipped in the 2001 elections.

There has been an increase in the number of people who think that they can influence decisions affecting their local area from 22% in 2007 to nearly 29% in 2008.

39 RBWM Place Survey 2009. 5 omnt ciiyadNeighbourhoods and Activity Community 32 Indicator RBWM South East UK / Target for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

England RBWM RBWM Problems / Status (40) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA unless unless Constraints Data Quality stated) stated (41)

Percentage of Satisfied: Satisfied: England: None 1 NI 5 people satisfied 2007 = 76% 2002 = 86% (incl. 1999/2000 = (Amber) SEERA with their local area (incl. 14% 44% very satisfied) 67% Resident as a place to live very 2004 = 88% (incl. 2005/06 = Survey satisfied) 47% very satisfied) 65% (2004) (Mori) 2008 = 86% 2006 = 88% (incl. 2007/08 = - IRF (2004) (incl. 25% 45% very satisfied) 66% DEFRA(42) very RBWM BV satisfied) General 2009 = 81% Survey (incl. 18% (2007) very Place Survey satisfied) 2008 and 2009

Satisfaction of 2008 = 1 NI 138 people over 65 with 85.8% (Amber) Place Survey both home and 2009 = 2008 neighbourhood 80.7%

Percentage of 2008 = 1 NI 2 people who feel 54.5% (Green) Place that they belong to 2009 = Surveys their 59.6% 2008 and neighbourhood 2009

Civic participation 2008 = 1 NI 3 in the local area 14.9% (Green) Place 2009 = Surveys 15.9%

40 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 41 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 42 Sustainable Development Indicators in Your Pocket (2009) Indicator RBWM South East UK / Target for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source England RBWM RBWM Problems / Status (40) & unless unless Constraints Data Quality stated) stated (41)

2008 and 2009

Percentage of 2007: 2010/11 = 1 NI 1

people who agree Agree = 58% 82.80% (Green) RBWM BV Neighbourhoods and Activity Community that their local Did not know General areas is a place =20% Survey where people from (2007) different Agree: Place Survey backgrounds can 2008 = 2008 and get on well 80.2% 2009 together 2009 = 84.8%

Number and % of 2001 = 8.6% 2001 = 9.2% 2001 = 9.9% This should 1 Table 13 of people who provide (England) be related to (Grey) 2001 Census unpaid care the number Analysis of elderly (from Key people in the Stats Table area as this 8) is the main ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA reason for caring. No new statistics since 2001 Census.

Carers receiving 2008/09 = LAA target 2 NI 135 needs assessment 23% 2010/11 = (Grey) LAA 4.1 & or review and a 20% 4.2

40 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 41 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 33 5 5 omnt ciiyadNeighbourhoods and Activity Community 34 Indicator RBWM South East UK / Target for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

England RBWM RBWM Problems / Status (40) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA unless unless Constraints Data Quality stated) stated (41)

specific carer’s service, or advice and information

Election Turnout Parliamentary Less people 1 RBWM Elections turnout for (Amber) Electoral 1997: local Department Windsor = elections. Records 75.6% Maidenhead = 73.5%

2001: Windsor = 62.2%% Maidenhead = 57.3%

2005: Windsor = 65.53% Maidenhead = 73.42%

2010: Windsor = 71.8% Maidenhead = 73.9%

40 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 41 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM South East UK / Target for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source England RBWM RBWM Problems / Status (40) & unless unless Constraints Data Quality stated) stated (41)

Borough Elections 2007: Windsor =

44% Neighbourhoods and Activity Community Maidenhead =45%

% of residents who 2007: England: 2010/11 = Increase in % who would 1 NI 4 agree that they can Agree = 22% 2001 = 43% 32% satisfaction definitely like (Green) RBWM BV influence decisions Disagree = 2008/09 = locally. to be more General affecting their local 50% 39% involved: Survey area 2008 = 2006 = 21% (2007) – 28.7% 2008 = 28% BMG (agree) 2009 = 22% Research Report. Place Surveys 2008 and 2009 ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Participation in 2008 = England and LAA: to 1 NI 6 regular 23.2% Wales: increase the (Amber) LAA 11.1, volunteering 2009 = levels of 11.2, 11.3 & 25.5% 2003 = 50% volunteering 11.4 (including Place Levels of 2008/09 = (43) volunteers Surveys unpaid help 47% with no 2008 and given at least qualifications 2009

40 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 41 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 43 combination of formal (giving unpaid help through club, groups and organisations) and informal (giving unpaid help to individuals who are not relatives) volunteering 35 5 5 omnt ciiyadNeighbourhoods and Activity Community 36 Indicator RBWM South East UK / Target for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

England RBWM RBWM Problems / Status (40) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA unless unless Constraints Data Quality stated) stated (41)

once in the and those last 12 with a months: disability). 2008 = 46% 2009 = 45%

Table 18 Community activity and neighbourhoods

Rate of Crime

The south east has one of the lowest rates of recorded crime of all the English regions.

Out of all the wards in the borough, Oldfield and Castle Without wards had the highest recorded crime count in 2003/04.

With exceptions, the highest recorded crime count appears to be in the north of the borough. 6 Crime 38 Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (44) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (45)

Serious BVPI:Domestic Between England/Wales: 2010/11 = 20.59 The South East Caution should be 2 NI 16 acquisitive burglaries 2006/07 and (21% reduction) has one of the taken when (Amber) BVPIs 126, 127a crime rate (per 2005/06 = 15.10 2007/08 there Domestic lowest rates of considering these and 128 1000 2006/07 = 16.70 was a 17.3% fall burglary: 1991 to total recorded results because Sustainable population) Vehicle crimes in this crime 2008/09 fell by crime of all the the recording of Development 2005/06 = 21.40 rate. 46% English regions. these statistics is Indicators in 2006/07 = 21.60 not always Your Pocket - Vehicle crime: reliable. DEFRA (2009) NI 16: 1991 to 2008/09 SEEPB 2008/09 = 23.89 fell by 61% Regional Monitoring Report (2008)

Serious violent BVPI: Violent None available Between 1991 - Only low number 2 NI 15 crime rate (per offences 2008/09 violent of crimes per year, (Grey) BVPIs 126, 127a 1000 2005/06 = 18.60 crime fell 17%. so a small and 128 population) 2006/07 = 20.50 fluctuation in the Sustainable level of crime can Development NI 15: have a significant Indicators in 2008/09 = 0.30 impact on Your Pocket - performance. DEFRA (2009) 2008/09 saw a different way of recording data to previous years - difficult to draw conclusions.

Table 19 Rate of crime

44 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 45 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Fear of Crime

57% of residents feel that crime is one of the most important factors in making somewhere good to live.

Residents were asked 7 questions on the seriousness of anti-social behaviour issues and whether they considered this issue to be a big problem; in 2008, 14.2% of residents felt that there were high levels of anti-social behaviour in the borough with at least one of these issues. In 2009 this figure had increase to 19%. However all anti-social behaviour issues have seen an improvement in residents perceptions since 2006.

The borough has an well established night-time economy, which results in an increase in the level anti-social behaviour and other types of crime. National Indicator (NI) 41 assess perceptions of drunk or rowdy behaviour; 28% of residents feel that drunk or rowdy behaviour is a very or fairly big problem, although this proportion has declined since 2006, it has increased since 2008 (25%) (46).

There are a substantial number of National Indicators aimed at monitoring the performance of the borough with regards to creating safer communities. These can be found http://www.communities.gov.uk/localgovernment/performanceframeworkpartnerships/nationalindicators/.

Indicator Source Target (for Trend (in Comments / Status(47) & Indicator RBWM South East UK/ England RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Data Quality stated) stated) Constraints (48)

Fear of Crime Lifestyle Fear of burglary Very worried: 57% think crime 2 SEEPB restricted by and violent Theft of car is one of most (Grey) Regional fear of crime crimes down by 1992 = 24% important Monitoring 2002 = 32% 1%; fear of car 2008/09 = 11% factors to make Report (2008)

2005 = 22% crime still 10%. somewhere Sustainable Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Burglary good to live. Development Place Survey 1992 = 19% Indicators in 2009: 2008/09 = 11% Your Pocket - 30% feel level DEFRA (2009) of crime most Physical attack Place Surveys needs 1998 = 18% 2008 and 2009 improving in 2008/09 = 10% their area. Crime

46 RBWM Place Survey, 2009 47 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 48 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 39 6 6 Crime 40 Indicator Source

Target (for Trend (in Comments / Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Status(47) & Indicator RBWM South East UK/ England RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Data Quality stated) stated) Constraints (48)

Perceptions of 2008 = 14.2% 2006/07 = 16% 2001/02 = 19% 1 NI 17 anti-social 2009 = 19.3% 2007/08 = 15% 2008/09 = 17% (Red) SEEPB behaviour (% of Regional residents who Monitoring perceived Report (2008) anti-social Sustainable behaviour in Development their area) Indicators in Your Pocket - DEFRA (2009) Place Surveys 2008 and 2009

Understanding 2008: Residents feel 1 NI 27 of local Yes = 24% there has been (Green) Place Surveys A large concerns about No = 33% an increase in 2008 and 2009 percentage of anti-social 2009: understanding residents are behaviour and Yes = 29% either impartial crime issues by No = 30% or don't know. the local council and police

Dealing with 2008: 1 NI 21 local concerns Agree = 26% A large (Green) Place Surveys about anti-social Disagree = 22% percentage of 2008 and 2009 behaviour and 2009: residents are crime by the Agree = 27% either impartial local council Disagree = 20% or don't know. and police

Table 20 Perceptions of crime

47 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 48 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 41 Poverty and Social Exclusion 7

Indices of Multiple Deprivation

The most comprehensive mapping of deprivation across England was launched in April 2004. (49) The indices are based on 37 indicators classified into seven domains of deprivation:

income deprivation; employment deprivation; health deprivation and disability; living environment deprivation; barriers to housing and services; Crime; and education, skills and training deprivation.

The latest set of Indices of Deprivation were published in 2007.

When assessing all seven domains of deprivation together, Windsor and Maidenhead is ranked the 323rd least deprived Local Authority in England out of 354 (in 2007). Among Berkshire authorities, the Borough ranks as slightly more deprived than West Berkshire and Wokingham but less deprived than Bracknell, Reading or Slough. Whilst overall poverty is lower than the England average, approximately 2,800 children in the Borough live in low-income households. (50)

49 By the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM). 50 Windsor and Maidenhead Health Profile 2009 (NHS) 7 oet n oilExclusion Social and Poverty 42 Indicator RBWM Berkshire Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless unless stated) Problems / Status (51) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) Constraints Data Quality (52)

Indices of multiple 2004: 2004: None No parts of the None 1 Communities deprivation (rank) 326 least deprived out Slough = 129 Borough fall within the (Green) and Local of 354 local authorities Reading = 153 10% most deprived Government Bracknell = 319 wards in the country. (53) 2007: West Berks = 329 323 least deprived out Wokingham = 352 of 354 local authorities 2007: Slough = 115 Reading = 151 Bracknell = 320 West Berks = 330 Wokingham = 353

Table 21 Indices of multiple deprivation

Poverty

In May 2009, 7.8% of the working age population in the borough were claiming key benefits. This compares favourably with all the other Berkshire authorities with the exception of Wokingham.

In 2004, 9.3% of children in the borough lived in families that were income deprived.

In 2004, 8.7% of over 60’s in the borough lived in households that were income deprived.

In 2008/09 the percentage of households with in fuel poverty in the borough was 8.16% (low energy efficiency) and 34.4% (high energy efficiency).

51 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 52 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 53 http://www.communities.gov.uk/communities/neighbourhoodrenewal/deprivation/deprivation07/ Indicator RBWM Berkshire Target Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source (for RBWM Problems / Status (54) RBWM unless Constraints & Data unless stated) Quality (55) stated)

Percentage of Feb. 2003 = 7.2% Feb. 2006 1 Nomis (56) population of Feb. 2004 = 7.2% Slough = 13.9% (Amber) working age Feb. 2005 = 6.9% Bracknell = 7.9% claiming key Feb. 2006 = 6.8% Reading = 11.2% benefits Feb. 2007 = 6.5% Wokingham = Feb. 2008 = 6.2% 5.4% May 2009 = 7.8% West Berks = 7.5% May 2009 Slough = 14.9% Bracknell = 8.7% Reading = 12.7% Wokingham =

6.2% Exclusion Social and Poverty West Berks = 8.7%

Adults in contact 2008/09 = 22.3% Indicator is 1 NI 150 with secondary intended to (Grey) mental health measure improved services in employment employment outcomes for ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA adults with mental health problems - a key group at risk of social exclusion

Proportion of Not available 3 NI 116 children in (Blank) poverty

54 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 55 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 56 https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431753/report.aspx 43 7 7 oet n oilExclusion Social and Poverty 44 Indicator RBWM Berkshire Target Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source (for RBWM Problems / Status (54) Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA RBWM unless Constraints & Data unless stated) Quality (55) stated)

Percentage of 2004 = 9.3% Bracknell = 9.0% 1 Audit Commission Area Profiles (57) children that are Wokingham = (Green) living in families 5.3% that are income Slough = 22% deprived Reading = 20.6% West Berks = 9.2%

Take up of formal 2007/08 = 15.9% 1 NI 118 childcare by (Grey) low-income working families

%ofthe 2004 = 8.7% Bracknell = 10.9% 1 Audit Commission Area Profiles (58) population over Wokingham = (Amber) 60 who live in 7.0% households that Slough = 17.8% are income Reading = 13.1% deprived. West Berks = 8.4%

Percentage of 2008/09 = 8.16% 2009/10 = 1 NI 187 households in (low energy reduction (Grey) fuel poverty efficiency) and of 1% 34.4% (high energy efficiency)

Table 22 Poverty and social exclusion

54 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 55 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 57 http://http://www.areaprofiles.audit-commission.gov.uk/(4dr3va45rpmma445mbo333mz)/DataProfile.aspx?entity=0 58 http://www.areaprofiles.audit-commission.gov.uk/(4dr3va45rpmma445mbo333mz)/DataProfile.aspx?entity=0# SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 45 Health and Well-being 8

Health Profile of the Borough

The health of the population of Windsor and Maidenhead is generally good. (59)

Life expectancy is increasing; men and women can expect to live longer than the average for England. Life expectancy differs between different income groups, especially for men.

Although death rates from heart disease, stroke, cancer and smoking are low compared to the England average. In 2009, smoking accounted for 184 deaths, however this is an improvement on the figure for 2007, which saw over 200 deaths each year (120,000 nationally)(60).

Residents generally have a much healthier lifestyle than in other areas of England. However only 13.9% of adults (aged 16+) are deemed physically active.

In 2001, 75% of people in the borough described their health as good. This compares with 85% of the population described their health as good or very good in 2009.(61)

In 2001, 13% of people in the borough had a long term illness, health problems or disability which limits their daily activities or the work they could do.

59 Information taken from Windsor & Maidenhead Health Profile. NHS (2009). 60 http://www.berkshire.nhs.uk/timetostop/facts_stats/facts_stats.asp 61 RBWM Place Survey 2009 8 elhadWell-being and Health 46 Indicator Source

Target (for Trend (in Comments / Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Status (62) & Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Data Quality stated) stated) Constraints (63)

Average life 1992-1994 2002 1999/2001 1992-1994 1 UK National expectancy Males = 75.7 Males = 76.4 Males = 76.90 Males = 76.68 Public service (Green) Statistics yrs yrs yrs yrs target: Reduce (64)SEERA (65) Females = Females = Females = Females = substantially ONS NeSS 79.4 yrs 80.6 yrs 81.30 yrs 79.09yrs the mortality SEEPB - rates from Regional 2002-2004 2001-2003 2002-2004 major killers by Life Monitoring Males = 78.0 Males = 77.40 Males = 76.25 2010: from expectancy in Report 2008 yrs yrs yrs heart disease RBWM is now Females = Females = Females = by at least 40 better than 81.60 yrs 80.69 yrs 82.2 yrs per cent in regionally or people under nationally. 2006-2008 2002-2004 2006-2008 75; from Males = 79.3 Males = 77.81 Males = 77.93 yrs yrs yrs Cancer by at Females = Females = Females = least 20 per 82.9 yrs 81.85 yrs 82.02 yrs cent in people under 75

% of people 2001 = 75% 2001 = 74% 2001 = 72% 2001 = 69% None Increase in the General health 1 NI 119 who describe (England) number of refers to health (Green) 2001 Census, their health NI 119: people in 12 months Key Statistics, as good 2008 = 82% describing prior to Table 8 2009 = 85% their health as Census in April Place Surveys good. 2001. 2008 and 2009

Long term 2001 = 13% 2001 = 13% 2001 = 16% England: None None Identified Limiting 1 2001 Census, illness, health 2001 = 18% long-term (Grey) Key Statistics, problems or illness covers Table 8.

62 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 63 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 64 http://www/.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/Product.asp?vlnk=8841&Pos=4&ColRank=1&Rank=272 65 http://www.southeast-ra.gov.uk/our_work/planning/sus_dev/irf_2004/irf_data_trends_final.pdf Indicator Source Target (for Trend (in Comments / Status (62) & Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Data Quality stated) stated) Constraints (63)

disability any health Census which limits problem or definition of people's daily disability that 'Limiting activities or limits daily long-term the work they activities or illness' could do work.

Number of 2008/09 = 593 Reduce 1 NI 123 people 16+ (per 100,000) smoking in the (Grey) current number of smoking rate people aged prevalence 16 or over. (reduce 2010/11 = 599 number of people who smoke)

Early access No data. 2010/11 = 73% 3 NI 126

for women to seeing midwife (Blank) Well-being and Health maternity

services Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

Emotional No data. Effectiveness 3 NI 50 health of of child and (Blank) children adolescent mental health (CAMHs) services(66)

62 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 63 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 66 A self assessment of how effectively mental health services meet children's mental health needs for 2008/09. This is an aggregated score of 1 to 4 for each of the four questions, where a total of 4 is the lowest possible score and 16 is the highest. RBWM in 2008/09 = 13 47 8 8 elhadWell-being and Health 48 Indicator Source

No. of deaths Cancer: N/A Cancer: England None None 1 ONS by cause 2004 = 299 2004 = 20,319 (Amber) Neighbourhood (count) 2005 = 270 2005 = 20,235 Cancer: Statistics (67) 2006 = 332 2006 = 20,486 2004 = NI's 121 2007 = 326 2007 = 20,410 126,048 (Circulatory) 2008 = 308 2008 = 20,494 2005 = and 122 (All 126,246 cancers - Coronary Coronary 2006 = under 75 Heart Heart 126,779 years) Disease: Disease: 2007 = 2004 = 219 2004 = 13,346 127,719 2005 = 220 2005 = 12,571 2008 = 2006 = 180 2006 = 11,792 128,802 2007 = 195 2007 = 11,269 2008 = 193 2008 = 10,743 Coronary Heart Cerebrovascular Cerebrovascular Disease: Disease Disease 2004 = 86,170 (including (including 2005 = 81,801 Stroke) Stroke) 2006 = 76,784 2004 = 139 2004 = 7,989 2007 = 74,184 2005 = 120 2005 = 7,788 2008 = 71,523 2006 = 125 2006 = 7,315 2007 = 111 2007 = 7,171 Cerebrovascular 2008 = 134 2008 = 7,132 Disease (including Stroke) 2004 = 49,561 2005 = 47,392 2006 = 45,244

62 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 63 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 67 http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276851&c=SL6+6HR&d=13&e=13&g=408699&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=0&s=1287585020709&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1943 Indicator Source Target (for Trend (in Comments / Status (62) & Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Data Quality stated) stated) Constraints (63)

2007 = 43,539 2008 = 43,382

Overall death 2003 = 91 In 2008: 2003 = 92 England = 100 None These figures 1 ONS Annual rate (SMR) 2004 = 95 Wokingham = 2004 = 92 are a (Amber) Statistics. (68) 2005 = 91 85 2005 = 93 standardised 2006 = 95 West Berks = 2006 = 93 mortality rate 2008 = 95 87 2008 = 93 (SMR). An Slough = 95 area with a Reading = 98 mortality ratio Bracknell = 86 below 100 indicates a lower death rate than the national average.

Adult 2008/09 = 2010/11 = None Currently 26th 2 NI 8 elhadWell-being and Health participation 24.7% 32.05% in the Country. (Grey) Sport England in sport/ (69) ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA active recreation

Table 23 Health profile of RBWM

62 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 63 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 68 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/statbase/Product.asp?vlnk=14409 69 Sport England undertake annual telephone research at local level. 49 8 50 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 8 Health and Well-being SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 51 Education and Skills 9

Schools

The Royal Borough runs both two-tier and three-tier school systems. The two-tier system of primary and secondary schools, in which children transfer schools at the end of Year 6 (aged 11), operates in Maidenhead, Ascot, Datchet and Wraysbury. The three-tier system of first, middle and upper schools, in which children transfer at the end of Year 4 (aged 9) and again at the end of Year 8 (aged 13), runs in Windsor, Old Windsor and Eton.

There are a total number of 63 schools in the borough.

School Type Number Nursery schools 4 Schools for primary age 45 children Schools for secondary age 13 pupils (including 4 middle ‘deemed secondary’) Special school 1 Total 63 (Pupil Referral Units) (2)

Table 24 Number of schools by type

School Capacity

There are more school places available in the secondary sector (2073) than in the primary sector (1499), which is partly a result of two secondary schools having designated areas that cover substantial parts of other boroughs. It is also the case that the Maidenhead secondary schools have traditionally taken a large number of pupils from out of borough, particularly from Slough.

By Summer 2013, it is projected that there will be an overall surplus of school places of just 821 places (4%) (the borough's target of 5% is intended to balance the efficient use of resources with parental preference). The expectation is that there will be a deficit of places in the primary sector, affecting most areas of the borough. The areas of most concern are, for rising numbers are in: North West Maidenhead (primary), East Windsor (first), Clewer (first) and Datchet/ Wraysbury (primary). Other areas of the borough will either remain full as at present or experience milder changes to their numbers on roll. However it is worth noting that arrangements for first admission to school will change in September 2010, resulting in more reception children on roll. (70)

70 RBWM School Organisation Plan (2008-2013). 52 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 9 Education and Skills

Figure 8 Capacity of Primary and Secondary Schools in 2008 Pupil Numbers and Achievement

The total number of compulsory school-age children attending schools maintained by the Royal Borough in May 2008 was 16,624. A further 1059 attended either nursery schools, nursery classes or rising fives.

24% of pupils attending schools in the Royal Borough have an ethnic minority background (May 2008).

8% of pupils (aged 5-16) attending schools in the Royal Borough are eligible for free schools (May 2008). (71)

Results of 15 years olds in the borough are above average and are in the top quartile of all unitary authorities.

Indicator RBWM UK / Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source England RBWM unless RBWM Problems / Status (72) & stated) unless Constraints Data Quality stated) (73)

Achievement of 5 or more A*-C grades BVPI 39: Of 19 year 2009 = 64% 1 NI 75 at GCSE or equivalent including 2003/04 = 92.7% olds: (Green) RBWM Best English and Maths 2004/05 = 91.2% 2004 = 66% Value 2005/06 = 92.9% 2008 = 77% Performance 2006/07 = 91.8% Plan 2006/07 (BVPI 39) - NI 75: grades A*-G 2007/08 = 57.9% dcto n Skills and Education

Reduction in number of schools where 2007/08 = 0 2009 = 0 On target. 1 NI 78 Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA fewer than 30% of pupils achieve of 5 (Grey) or more A*-C grades at GCSE and equivalent including GCSEs in English and Maths

The Special Educational Needs 2007/08 = 52% 2009 = 44% 1 NI 105 (SEN)/non-SEN gap – achieving 5 A*-C (Grey) GCSE inc. English and Maths

Table 25 Qualifications of school pupils

71 RBWM School Organisation Plan 2008 - 2013. 72 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 73 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 53 9 9 dcto n Skills and Education 54 Qualifications of the Working Age Population ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 39% of working people in the borough have qualifications at the highest level. This is significantly above regional and national figures.

5.7% of working people in the borough have no qualifications. This is lower than the regional and national figures, and a decrease since 2008 where the figure was 7.2%.

Windsor and Maidenhead Windsor and Maidenhead (%) South East (%) Great Britain (%) (number)

NVQ4 and above (e.g. HND, 36,300 39.2 32.6 29.9 Degree and Higher Degree level qualifications or equivalent)

NVQ3 and above (e.g. 2 or 54,800 59.1 52.6 49.3 more A levels, advanced GNVQ, NVQ 3, 2 or more higher or advanced higher national qualifications (Scotland) or equivalent)

NVQ2 and above (e.g. 5 or 68,200 73.6 69.0 65.4 more GCSEs at grades A-C, intermediate GNVQ, NVQ 2, intermediate 2 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent)

NVQ1 and above (e.g. fewer 77,800 84.0 83.0 78.9 than 5 GCSEs at grades A-C, foundation GNVQ, NVQ 1, intermediate 1 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent)

Other qualifications (includes 9,500 10.3 7.8 8.8 foreign qualifications and some professional qualifications) Windsor and Maidenhead Windsor and Maidenhead (%) South East (%) Great Britain (%) (number)

No qualifications 5,200 5.7 9.1 12.3

Table 26 Qualifications of the Working Age Population (Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2009) NOMIS: https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431753/report.aspx#tabquals

Source: NOMIS official labour market statistics - ONS Annual Population Survey.

Perceptions of Education

Indicator RBWM UK / England Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Status Source RBWM unless unless stated) Problems / (75) & Data stated) Constraints Quality (76)

Percentage of 2009 = 72% 1 Place Survey residents who feel (Grey) 2009 that education provision has stayed the same over the last 3 years.

Percentage of 2006 = 8% 32% consider 1 Place Surveys

residents who feel 2008 = 6% education provision (Amber) 2008 and 2009 Skills and Education that education 2009 = 9% an important factor in Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA provision needs making somewhere improvement. good to live.

Table 27 Perceptions of education

75 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 76 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 55 9 56 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 9 Education and Skills SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 57 Employment 10

Employment

In the period April 2008 - March 2009, 83.9% of the working age population in the borough were economically active. Out of the 42,100 women of working age, 76.7% were economically active. Out of the 45,800 men of working age, 90.7% were economically active. These economic activity rates are mostly above the regional and national figures, only regionally do economically active females exceed local levels. (77)

In the period April 2008 - March 2009, a total of 14,000 working age people in the borough were economically inactive. (78) 4,200 of these were males and 9,800 were females. (79)

In 2008, by far the majority of jobs in the borough (87.9%) were in the service sector.

Tourism-related jobs in 2008 accounted for 9.6% of all employee jobs.

In 2008, the percentage of employee jobs in the manufacturing sector in the borough was 5%, a reduction from 6.1% in 2006.

In 2007, the ratio of jobs to the working-age population in the borough was 1.02. This is higher than three other local authorities in Berkshire and higher than the regional and national ratios. Although this high job density shows that there are enough jobs for everyone in the borough, it can result in in-commuting. As already noted, in-commuting increased between 1991 and 2001, with 2,286 people commuting into the borough in 2001.

77 NOMIS Official Labour Market Statistics. 78 People who are neither in employment nor unemployed. This group includes, for example, all those who were looking after a home or retired. 79 NOMIS Official Labour Market Statistics. 10 Employment 58 Indicator RBWM South East Great Britain Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (80) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (81)

Proportion of All economically All economically All economically None RBWM has 1 Nomis Labour people of active: active: active: more people in (Amber) Market Profiles working age in 2004 = 82.3% 2004 = 82.0% 2004 = 78.2% employment that (82) employment 2005 = 83.3% 2005 = 82.2% 2005 = 78.4% regionally or 2006 = 82.8% 2006 = 82.1% 2006 = 78.6% nationally. 2008 = 83.9% 2008 = 82.5% 2008 = 78.9% It is important to 2009 = 80.9% 2009 = 79.6% 2009 = 76.5% note that the 2008-10 In employment: In employment: In employment: recession has 2004 = 79.2% 2004 = 78.9% 2004 = 74.4% affected the 2005 = 81.4% 2005 = 79.0% 2005 = 74.5% proportion of 2006 = 79.3% 2006 = 78.3% 2006 = 74.3% people in 2008 = 80.8% 2008 = 78.6% 2008 = 73.9% employment. 2009 = 76.4% 2009 = 74.5% 2009 = 70.3%

Employees: Employees: Employees: 2004 = 66.8% 2004 = 67.9% 2004 = 64.9% 2005 = 69.3% 2005 = 68.0% 2005 = 64.8% 2006 = 67.4% 2006 = 67.6% 2006 = 64.6% 2008 = 69.8% 2008 = 67.8% 2008 = 64.4% 2009 = 65.1% 2009 = 63.6% 2009 = 60.9%

Self Employed: Self Employed: Self Employed: 2004 = 12.0% 2004 = 10.5% 2004 = 9.0% 2005 = 11.7% 2005 = 10.7% 2005 = 9.2% 2006 = 11.7% 2006 = 10.4% 2006 = 9.3% 2008 = 10.4% 2008 = 10.4% 2008 = 9.1% 2009 = 11.0% 2009 = 10.5% 2009 = 9.0%

80 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 81 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 82 http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431753/report.aspx Indicator RBWM South East Great Britain Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (80) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (81)

Increase / 1991 - 61,257 1991 - Maintain a Local economy 1 Labour Market decrease in the (baseline) 22,893,964 balanced has seen an (Green) Profile in number of local 2000 = 75,200 (baseline) economy with a increase in the NOMIS(83) jobs 2001 = 73,100 2000 = sustainable number of jobs. 2002 = 78,300 25,140,568 number of local 2003 = 73,100 2001 = jobs. 2004 = 75,800 25,267,293 2005 = 75,300 2006 = 74,100 2008 = 75,100

Employee Jobs Services: Services: Great Britain: None identified Increase in 1 Nomis Labour by Industry 2006 = 87.4% 2006 = 85.2% tertiary jobs e.g. (Amber) Market Profiles 2008 = 87.9% 2008 = 85.7% Services: Services, and a (84) 2006 = 82.9% decrease in Tourism Tourism 2008 = 83.5% secondary Related: Related: sector jobs. 2006 = 9.5% 2006 = 7.9% Tourism 2008 = 9.6% 2008 = 8.2% Related: 2006 = 8.3% Manufacturing: Manufacturing: 2008 = 8.2%

2006 = 6.1% 2006 = 8.8% Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 2008 = 5.0% 2008 = 8.1% Manufacturing: 2006 = 10.9% Construction: Construction: 2008 = 10.2% 2006 = 5.7% 2006 = 4.5% 2008 = 6.6% 2008 = 4.5% Construction: 2006 = 4.8% Employment 2008 = 4.8 %

80 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 81 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 83 https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431753/report.aspx 84 http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/Imp/la/contents.aspx 59 10 10 Employment 60 Indicator RBWM South East Great Britain Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (80) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (81)

Ratio of total 2003 = 0.99 2003 = 0.83 2003 = 0.80 1 Nomis (85) jobs to 2004 = 1.04 2004 = 0.83 2004 = 0.80 (Amber) working-age 2005 = 1.02 2005 = 0.84 2005 = 0.81 population 2006 = 0.97 2006 = 0.82 2006 = 0.79 2007 = 0.99 2007 = 0.82 2007 = 0.80 2008 = 0.95 2008 = 0.82 2008 = 0.79

Table 28 Employment data

Job Seekers Allowance Claimants

In June 2010, 1.9% of the working age population in the borough were claiming job seekers allowance. This is below the regional and national figures of 2.5% and 3.6% respectively.

Claimants for Job Seekers Allowance aged between 25–49 (59.8%) and, 50 and over (21.1%) in RBWM are higher than the south east (56.2%; 18.2%) and national figures (56.6%; 15.6%) of the same age categories respectively in June 2010.

The duration of unemployment in Windsor and Maidenhead is shorter than the national figures, although there has been a significant increase in 2010. In June 2010, 16.3% of people claiming unemployment benefits in RBWM had been out of work for more than a year, compared to 17.7% regionally, and 18.1% nationally.

80 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 81 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 85 http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431753/report.aspx?#wab Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (86) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (87)

Percentage of 01/03 = 1.5% 01/03 = 1.6% 01/03 = 2.7% Lower 1 Nomis. (88) population of 01/04 = 1.6% 01/04 = 1.6% 01/04 = 2.6% percentage of (Green) working age 01/05 = 1.3% 01/05 = 1.5% 01/05 = 2.3% key benefit claiming job 01/06 = 1.2% 01/06 = 1.7% 01/06 = 2.6% claimants than seekers 01/07 = 1.3% 01/07 = 1.6% 01/07 = 2.6% at the national allowance. 01/08 = 0.9% 01/08 = 1.3% 01/08 = 2.2% and regional 01/09 = 1.7% 01/09 = 2.3% 01/09 = 3.4% levels, although 01/10 = 2.4% 01/10 = 3.0% 01/10 = 4.1% the trend is 06/10 = 1.9% 06/10 = 2.5% 06/10 = 3.6% increased JSA claimants.

Proportion of Jul 2005 = Jul 2005 = Great Britain: None None A large increase 1 Nomis Labour people claiming 14.5% 12.4% Jul 2005 = in the number of (Red) Market Profiles. unemployment Jul 2006 = Jul 2006 = 13.8% JSA claimants (89) benefits who 15.5% 14.5% Jul 2006 = that have been have been out of Jul 2007 = Jul 2007 = 16.0% unemployed for work for more 15.0% 15.1% Jul 2007 = over a year has than a year Jul 2008 = Jul 2008 = 9.3% 16.6% been seen at all 10.4% 2009 = 7.3% Jul 2008 = levels - following Jul 2009 = 6% Jun 2010 = 11.5% national trend. Jun 2010 = 17.7% Jul 2009 = 9.1%

16.3% Jun 2010 = Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 18.1%

Table 29 Job seekers allowance claimants

Annual Average Income Employment

Average annual income in the borough is significantly above the regional and national average.

86 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 87 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 88 http://www..nomisweb.co.uk/reports/lmp/la/2038431753/subreports/jsa_time_series/report.aspx 89 http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/Imp/la/contents.aspx 61 10 10 Employment 62 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM RBWM Problems / Status (90) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA unless unless Constraints Data Quality stated) stated) (91)

Average 2004 = In 2008: 2004 = England None Above Annual pay - 1 Annual Annual £27,094 Bracknell = £20,469 2004 = national and Gross (£) - (Green) Survey of Income 2005 = N/A £25,558 2005 = £18,564 regional For all Hours and (median by 2006 = Reading = £23,403 £20,902 2005 = averages, and employee Earnings (92) residence) £29,051 Wokingham = 2006 = £19,364 highest in jobs: United UK Statistics 2007 = £29,265 £21,329 2006 = Berkshire. Kingdom (93) £28,691 West Berks = No 2007 = £19,849 2008 = data £22,084 2007 = £30,101 Slough = £23,854 2008 = £20,280 2009 = N/A £22,902 2008 = 2009 = £21,172 £23.658 2009 = £21,455

Table 30 Average annual income

Hourly Earnings

Hourly pay for both males and females living in the borough is significantly above the south east and national figures.

Hourly Pay(95) Windsor and Maidenhead (pounds) South East (pounds) Great Britain (pounds)

Full-time workers 17.87 13.73 12.47

Male Full-time workers 18.25 14.66 13.16

Female Full-time workers 15.07 12.11 11.45

Table 31 Hourly Earnings by Residence (2009) http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_labour/ASHE-2009/2009_res_la.pdf

90 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 91 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 92 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_labour/ASHE-2009/2009_res_la.pdf 93 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_labour/ASHE_2007/tab8_7a.xls 95 Median earnings in pounds for employees living in the area. Hourly Pay(97) Windsor and Maidenhead (pounds) South East (pounds) Great Britain (pounds)

Full-time workers 15.45 13.09 12.46

Male Full-time workers 18.07 14.06 13.14

Female Full-time workers 13.91 11.68 11.44

Table 32 Hourly Earnings by Workplace - RBWM (2009) Source: ONS Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings - Workplace Analysis: http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_labour/ASHE-2009/2009_work_la.pdf: ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Employment

97 Median earnings in pounds for employees working in the area. 63 10 64 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 10 Employment SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 65 Economy 11

Economic Well-Being

One of the most commonly used measures of economic well-being is GVA per head. GVA measures the contribution to the economy of each individual producer, industry or sector in the UK. In 2007, Berkshire had the highest GVA per head in the South East region by £2,798.

The number of VAT registered businesses in the borough has been increasing each year from 5,885 in 1994 to 7,115 at the end of 2005, and had a stock of 7,760 by 2007. (98)

The number of VAT registrations and deregistrations in the borough are generally slightly higher than regional and national levels.

98 NOMIS Official Labour Market Statistics. 11 Economy 66 Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (99) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (100)

Gross Value Berkshire: 2002 = £16,712 England: None Locally very high Unadjusted 1 UK Statistics Added (GVA) 2002 = £24,848 2003 = £17,595 2002 = £15,721 levels of GVA (constrained to (Green) (101) (102) per head 2003 = £26,084 2004 = £18,496 2003 = £16,612 compared to unadjusted 2004 = £27,245 2005 = £19,475 2004 = £17,532 regional and NUTS2) GVA per 2005 = £27,669 2006 = £20,360 2005 = £18,589 national data. head by NUTS3 2006 = £29,961 2007 = £21,248 2006 = £19,496 Economically area at current 2007 = £31,557 2007 = £20,458 prosperous basic prices by county. region 1995 to 2007.

Business Registrations (% Registrations (% Registrations (% N/A Both figures VAT 1 Nomis Labour Start-Ups - VAT of total business of total business of total business slightly higher Registrations/ (Green) Market Profiles Registrations stock) stock) stock) than regional Deregistrations (103) and 2003 = 11.1% 2003 = 10.6% 2003 = 10.6% levels, although are a good guide Deregistrations 2004 = 10.5% 2004 = 9.9% 2004 = 10.1% recently to the pattern of 2005 = 9.7% 2005 = 9.5% 2005 = 9.7% matching business start-ups 2007 = 10.2% 2007 = 10.0% 2007 = 10.2% percentages and closures. seen nationally. They are an Deregistrations Deregistrations Deregistrations indicator of the (% of total (% of total (% of total level of business stock) business stock) business stock) entrepreneurship 2003 = 10.5% 2003 = 9.7% 2003 = 9.7% and of the health 2004 = 9.8% 2004 = 9.8% 2004 = 9.9% of the business 2005 = 8.8% 2005 = 8.4% 2005 = 8.3% population. 2007 = 7.3% 2007 = 7.2% 2007 = 7.3%

99 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 100 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 101 http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_economy/NUTS3_Tables_1-12.xls 102 2005 onwards - http://www.see-in.co.uk/downloads/SE%20GVA%20Brief%202009.pdf 103 http://www.nomisweb.co.uk/reports/Imp/la/contents.aspx Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (99) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (100)

Percentage of N/A N/A N/A 3 NI 172 small (Blank) businesses in an area showing employment growth

(% of small registered businesses showing year-on-year employment growth)

Satisfaction of 2008/09 = 2009/10 = 80% 1 NI 182 businesses 76.1% (Grey) with local

authority Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA regulation services

Table 33 Economic wellbeing Economy

Commercial and Industrial Floorspace

Offices account for the highest proportion of commercial and industrial floorspace in the borough.

The office letting market has held up surprisingly well during 2008, achieving a take-up slightly ahead of the 10 year average for the town. Downward pressure on rents seen in the first 3 months of 2009 is expected to continue for the rest of year. The availability of Grade A accommodation is predicted to help recovery in 2010. (104)

Headline office rents in Maidenhead have remained robust either side of £30 sq ft – some of the highest in the Thames Valley.

Overall, there is an oversupply of office space at present, at roughly double normal market levels, but vacancy levels are not dissimilar to the M4/Thames Valley as whole. In Maidenhead, most vacancy is in larger units over 465 m2 (5,000 sq. ft) and is estimated to be around 15%. In Windsor, office vacancy is very low, at around 5%, partly because of lower supply. Much of this vacant space is in older premises but it is considered much of it would be occupied in a normal market. (105)

Commercial and Industrial Floorspace (m2 in 2008) Office 441,000 Factory 211,000 Retail 242,000 Warehouse 149,000 Other 52,000 Total 1,095,000

Table 34 Commercial and industrial floorspace

Source: Commercial & Industrial Floorspace and Rateable Value Statistics, 2008 (NeSS)

Tourism

Overall, an estimated 636,792 staying trips were spent in the Royal Borough in 2006, of which around 479,400 were made by domestic visitors (75%) and 157,389 by overseas visitors (25%). 7.3 million visitors come to the Royal Borough each year for business or pleasure; with about 10% staying overnight (106).

Staying trips result in an estimated 1.91 million bednights in the borough.

1.2 million people visit Legoland each year.

Total expenditure by visitors to Windsor & Maidenhead is estimated to be the region of £381.5 million in 2006, an increase of 13% since 2004 (when it was £337,329,000)

Tourism expenditure translates into £498,916,000 turnover for local businesses once multiplier impacts are taken into account, an increase of 12% since 2004.

Overall the model estimates that tourism activity in the borough supports 5,892 FTE jobs or 7,990 actual jobs in Windsor & Maidenhead. This represents around 11% of all jobs in the borough. (107)

104 Lambert Smith Hampton (2009). 105 RBWM Annual Monitoring Report (2009). 106 Annual Monitoring Report 2009 107 Source: The Economic Impact of Tourism in Windsor and Maidenhead 2008. The findings of a study commissioned by RBWM and undertaken by Tourism South East. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 69 Town, District and Local Centres 12

Windsor is an attractive shopping centre, offering a range of high-street, designer and specialist shops, and is popular with visitors. Indeed the South East Plan has identified Windsor as a ‘priority area for tourism’ under policy TSR7. The town centre exhibits good levels of vitality and viability with low yields, strong rents, a diverse selection of retailer representations, and a high level of environmental quality.

There are a number of car parks and bus stops available around the periphery of the town centre, and the retail centre is served by two railway stations. A large percentage of the town centre is pedestrianised, though due to the historic nature of the town and its topography, accessibility can still be an issue for shoppers with mobility difficulties.(108)

Maidenhead town centre is aimed more towards the needs of the local community with the emphasis on high-street brands. Due to their distinct characters the two main town centres within the Royal Borough are non comparable. Maidenhead retail centre is relatively healthy with a good level of multiple representations, moderate yields and strong rents.

The town centre is easily accessible by car and is served by good public transport links. Recent developments in Maidenhead include the development at King Street/ Grenfell Island (an Odeon Cinema, restaurants and bars, and David Lloyd Leisure) and the Sainsbury’s redevelopment. These have all contributed to improving the retail health of the town. (109)

District centres are Ascot and Sunningdale, which provide a good range of food and other day-to-day requirements. Ascot is a busy district retail centre catering for the resident population. The retailers in this area represent the higher end of the market, reflecting local affluence. Only the excessive level of on-street parking mars the environmental quality of the centre. Sunningdale is a vibrant town centre providing an adequate range of comparison and convenience goods outlets, which fulfil the needs of the local community. Like Ascot, the representation of upmarket retailers in Sunningdale is evident. The only negative aspects of this district retail centre are its disjointed nature and the heavy traffic experienced along the London Road.

Local centres and shopping parades include:

Northern Area Southern Area

Bridge Road, Maidenhead Dedworth Green, Windsor

Cookham Road, Maidenhead Dedworth Road, Windsor

Shifford Crescent, Maidenhead Vale Road/ St Andrews Avenue, Windsor

Farm Road, Maidenhead Clarence Road/ Dedworth Road, Windsor

Gloucester Road, Maidenhead Clewer Hill Road, Windsor

Hampden Road, Maidenhead St Leonards Road, Windsor

Highway Avenue, Maidenhead Datchet

St Mark's Road/ Crescent, Maidenhead Eton High Street

Ross Road, Maidenhead Eton Wick

Wessex Way, Maidenhead Old Windsor

Woodlands Park, Maidenhead South Ascot

Wootton Way, Maidenhead Sunninghill

Cookham Rise Sunningdale - Silwood Road

108 RBWM Retail Health Check (June 2009). 109 RBWM Retail Health Check (June 2009). 70 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 12 Town, District and Local Centres

Northern Area Southern Area

Cookham Village Wraysbury

Holyport

Table 35 Local centres and shopping parades in RBWM

Retail Catchment Areas, Employment and Floorspace

Expenditure is a good indicator of how a town is performing. Maidenhead has a larger catchment area than Windsor (please note catchments overlap). Windsor has a larger area of retail floorspace than Maidenhead.

2009 Maidenhead Southern Zone Windsor Zone Maidenhead Northern Zone Zone Surrounds Zone

Comparison £265,039 £215,495 £200,264 £186,653 £263,031

Convenience £141,703 £115,215 £107,071 £99,794 £140,630

Table 36 Catchment Area Expenditure in 2009 (£000)

Year Maidenhead Maidenhead Southern Windsor Northern Surrounds Zone Zone Zone Zone Zone

2009 70,647 57,441 53,381 49,753 70,112

2011 72,234 58,695 54,782 50,174 70,357

2016 74,164 61,106 56,974 50,917 71,337

2021 76,669 63,721 59,536 51,747 72,213

2026 79,069 66,299 62,030 52,562 73,109

Table 37 Catchment Areas (Population Forecasts)

2009 Maidenhead Windsor

Comparison 22,820 sq m 36,216 sq m

Convenience 7,780 sq m 3,990 sq m

Table 38 Shop Floorspace (sq m net)

Source: Windsor and Maidenhead Retail Capacity Update 2009

Vacancy Rates in the Town Centres

Maidenhead Windsor Feb. 2001 10.9% 8.5% Nov. 2001 6.6% 7.0% Feb. 2002 7.9% 8.3% Nov. 2002 7.9% 5.5% Feb. 2003 8.5% 4.7% Nov. 2003 5.1% 4.5% Feb. 2004 6.3% 5.8% Nov. 2004 6.0% 5.2% Mar. 2005 6.6% **7.6% Oct. 2005 *8.5% **6.3% SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 71 Town, District and Local Centres 12

Maidenhead Windsor Apr. 2006 *8.8% **8.4% Sep. 2006 *11.4% **6.4% Mar. 2007 *10.5% **6.9% Sep. 2007 *9.1% **6.4% Feb. 2008 *10.7% 4.3% Sep. 2008 *10.1% 4.0% Feb. 2009 *11.2% 6.7% Sep. 2009 10.9% 6.5% Feb. 2010 9.7% 6.3%

Table 39 Vacancy rates in Maidenhead and Windsor town centres

Source: RBWM Biannual retail surveys. *Temporary increase in vacancy levels due to redevelopment of Sainsbury’s and extensions to units in the Nicholson’s Centre. **Temporary increase in vacancy levels due to redevelopment of Waitrose and part of King Edward Court. 72 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 12 Town, District and Local Centres SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 73 Leisure and Culture 13

Public Rights of Way

The borough has over 300km (186 miles) of public rights of way. (110)

74% of respondents use the public rights of way network mainly for leisure, 20% use the network for both leisure and utilitarian use (getting to shops and facilities etc), and 3% of users use the paths solely for utilitarian purposes. The network is used an average of 1-5 times a month by each person, but research shows that significant amounts of people use the network over 10 times a month. (111)

In 2007/08, nearly 92% of the public rights of way in the borough were easy to use.

110 Public Rights of Way Improvement Plan (2005-2015). 111 Public Rights of Way Improvement Plan (2005-2015). 13 esr n Culture and Leisure 74 Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source

unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (112) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Data Quality (113)

Percentage of public 2003/04 = 84.9% 2009/10 = 95%. Improving. BVPI's have been 2 BVPI 178 – calculated rights of way that are (baseline) (Top quartile for unitary replaced and there are (Green) from a random easy to use by 2004/05 = 74.5% authorities is 89.8%). no new NI's that match sample(114) members of the 2005/06 = 89.1% this indicator. public 2006/07 = 80.4% 2007/08 = 91.8%

Table 40 Public rights of way

Number of Culture and Leisure Facilities

There are 3 public indoor sports centres in the borough. These are the Magnet Leisure Centre, Maidenhead; Windsor Leisure Centre; and Charters Recreation Centre, Sunningdale.

There are 3 outdoor sports centres in the borough. These are the Thames Valley Athletics Centre; Braywick Park, Maidenhead; and Bisham Abbey.

There are 2 public indoor swimming pools in the borough: the Magnet Leisure Centre, Maidenhead and the Windsor Leisure Centre.

Theatres, Arts Centres, Cinemas in the Borough include Windsor Royal Theatre; Norden Farm Arts Centre, Maidenhead; Desborough Suite, Maidenhead Town Hall; Windsor Arts Centre; 6-screen multiplex cinema in Maidenhead.

There are 11 libraries in the borough in Maidenhead, Windsor, Ascot, Cookham, Cox Green, Datchet, Dedworth, Eton, Eton Wick, Old Windsor, Sunninghill, and a container library visiting Holyport, Sunningdale, Woodlands Park and Wraysbury. There is also a Home and Mobile library service.

Museums & art galleries in the borough include the Stanley Spencer Art Gallery in Cookham; Maidenhead Heritage Centre; Royal Borough Collection in Windsor; Museum of Eton Life, Eton College; Eton College Natural History Museum, Eton College; and Windsor Castle.

There is one 36 hole golf course in the borough (Sunningdale).

There are nine 18-hole golf courses, two driving ranges and one nine-hole golf courses in the borough. These are:

112 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 113 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 114 Milestones Statement and Public Rights of Way Improvement Plan Review 2008 - 2009 18-hole Golf Courses

Winter Hill, Cookham; Temple, Henley Road, Hurley; Maidenhead Golf Course, Shoppenhangers Road, Maidenhead; Birds Hill Golf Course, Drift Road, Hawthorn Hill; Datchet Golf Course, Eton Road, Datchet; Ascot Heath Golf Course, Ascot Racecourse, Ascot; Sunningdale Ladies Golf Club, Cross Road, Sunningdale (partly in RBWM); Castle Royle, Bath Road, Knowl Hill (partly in RBWM); and Billingbear Park, Shurlock Row.

Other Golfing Facilities

Birds Hill, Drift Road, Hawthorn Hill – Driving Range; Bisham Abbey National Sports Centre, near Marlow (9-hole); and Braywick Park, Braywick Road, Maidenhead – Driving Range.

Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) Problems / Status(115) & Constraints Data Quality (116)

Use of public 2008/09 = 49.8% 2010/11 = 62% Results based on 1 NI 9 (data produced esr n Culture and Leisure

libraries calendar year 2008. (Grey) from annual Active Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA People Survey)

Visits to Museums/ 2008/09 = 56.6% 2010/11 = 48% Results based on 1 NI 10 (data produced galleries calendar year 2008. (Grey) from annual Active People Survey)

Engagement in the 2008/09 = 49.4% 2010/11 = 52% Results based on 1 NI 11 (data produced arts calendar year 2008. (Grey) from annual Active People Survey)

Table 41 Use of leisure and cultural facilities

115 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 116 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data 75 13 13 esr n Culture and Leisure 76 ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Perceptions of Cultural and Leisure Facilities

Indicator RBWM Berkshire Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Status Source RBWM unless unless stated) Problems / (117) & Data stated) Constraints Quality (118)

Percentage of 2006 = 68% 1 BVPI User residents satisfied (Green) Satisfaction Survey with sports and 2008 = 60% (BVPI 119a) leisure facilities. 2009 = 66% Place Surveys 2008 and 2009

Percentage of 2006 = 69% Slight decrease in 1 BVPI User residents satisfied satisfaction. (Amber) Satisfaction Survey with libraries. 2008 = 70% (BVPI 119b) 2009 = 68% Place Surveys 2008 and 2009

Percentage of 2006 = 32% Improving 1 BVPI User residents satisfied satisfaction levels. (Green) Satisfaction Survey with museums and 2008 = 25% (BVPI 119c) galleries 2009 = 33% Place Surveys 2008 and 2009

Percentage of 2006 = 60% Improving 1 BVPI User residents satisfied satisfaction levels. (Green) Satisfaction Survey with theatres and 2008 = 47% (BVPI 119d) concert halls 2009 = 61% Place Surveys 2008 and 2009

117 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 118 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM Berkshire Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Status Source RBWM unless unless stated) Problems / (117) & Data stated) Constraints Quality (118)

Percentage of 2003/04 = 66.66% 2003/04: Question asked 1 Best Value General residents who think 2009 = 68% Slough = 53.18% has changed so (Amber) Survey that for their local Bracknell = 66.4% comparison to Place Surveys 2008 area, over the past Those who think Wokingham = previous years is and 2009 three years, that there is a need to 64.01% difficult. activities for improve activities Reading = 63.67% teenagers have got for West Berks = better or stayed the teenagers:2008 = 54.94% same. 34% 2009 = 33%

Percentage of 2003/04 = 82.88% 2003/04: Question asked If people have 1 Best Value General residents who think 2009 = 73% Slough = 53.96% changes so children living in (Grey) Survey that for their local Bracknell = comparison the house, they Place Surveys 2008 area, over the past 2008 = 11% think 82.91% between years is are more likely to and 2009 three years, that there is a need to Wokingham = difficult. say improvement facilities for young improve facilities 83.59% are needed for children have got for young children. Reading = 76.31% young children, better or stayed the West Berks = than if the same 77.27% household has no children (19% and esr n Culture and Leisure

7% respectively). Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

Table 42 Perceptions of cultural and leisure facilities

There has been a slight increase in satisfaction with local public services in most areas. For those services where the proportion expressing satisfaction is lower, this is often because residents are unable to give a response (so have answered don’t know). Encouragingly, users of services appear to have higher satisfaction with these services compared with all residents.

117 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 118 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 77 13 78 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 13 Leisure and Culture SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 79 Open Space and Landscape 14

Public Open Space

In recent years, no public open space has been lost.

In 2009, 82% of respondents said they were satisfied with parks and open spaces.

Public Open Space in the borough includes:

Maidenhead & Cox Green (350 hectares); Cookham (18 hectares); Windsor (85 hectares); Eton (3 hectares); Datchet (17 hectares); Old Windsor / Wraysbury (11 hectares); Ascot / Sunninghill / Sunningdale (64 hectares); Pinkneys Green and the Commons/ Moors around Cookham owned by the National Trust; and The extensive areas of Windsor Great Park and Maidenhead Thicket.

Landscape

The Borough contains two Areas of Special Landscape Importance (ASLIs). These are firstly the extension of the Chilterns south of the Thames in Cookham, Bisham and Hurley and secondly, in Windsor Great Park and Forest (mainly in Crown ownership) – Home Park, Great Park and Windsor Forest. 14 pnSaeadLandscape and Space Open 80 Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source

unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (119) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Data Quality (120)

Loss of any identified 2006/07 = 0 To protect and enhance The Borough is 1 RBWM AMR Local or other areas of 2007/08 = 0 public open space protecting all its open (Green) Output Indicator public open space. 2008/09 = 0 (Local Plan) space. WME13

Additional open During 2008/09 = 1 To set standards for More open space being 1 RBWM AMR Local space secured. additional public play public open space secured each year. (Green) Output Indicator area at Park Corner, provision to be met in WME15 Windsor. new developments Since 2001/02 6 open (Local Plan) spaces and 4 play areas.

Number of parks/ 2007/08 = 1 2010/11 = 6 On target. 1 LAA 12.1 open space managed 2008/09 = 5 (Green) RBWM AMR Local to green flag award Output Indicator standard. WME12

Percentage of 2006/07 = 82% LAA target 2009/10 = Over 80% residents felt 1 LAA 12.2 residents satisfied 89% that access to open (Green) BVPI User Satisfaction with parks and open 2008 = 79% spaces has stayed the Survey (BVPI 119e) spaces. 2009 = 82% same over the last 3 Place Surveys 2008 years (Place Survey and 2009 2009).

Children & Young 2008/09 = 52.9 % 1 NI 199 People's satisfaction (Grey) with parks & play areas

Table 43 Public open space

119 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 120 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 81 Natural Environment 15

National Targets

Care for our natural heritage, make the countryside attractive and enjoyable for all and preserve biological diversity by:

Reversing the long-term decline in the number of farmland birds by 2020, as measured annually against underlying trends;

Bringing into favourable condition by 2010 95 % by area of all nationally important wildlife sites; and

In addition to these targets, the species and habitats action plans under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (UKBAP) contain a wide range of habitat and species specific targets.

International Nature Conservation Designations

There are five sites with international nature conservation designations, one of which lies wholly in the borough. These include one Ramsar site (0.63% total land area of the Borough), 2 Special Protection Areas (SPAs) (0.63% total land area of the borough) and 3 Special Areas of Conservation (SACs) (6.73% total land area of the borough). (121)

121 RBWM Annual Monitoring Report (2009). 82 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 15 Natural Environment

5km 5km

Legend

RBWM Boundary Flood Zone 2 MarchJuly 2009 2008 400m Flood Zone 3 MarchJuly 2009 2008 SPA Buffer InternationalAreas of National / National or International Sites of Nature Significance Conservation Importance Areas of Special Landscape Importance Green Belt LNR WHS

00.35 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 Kilometers Green Belt Scale 1:120'000 and Environmental Constraints

Ordnance Survey ® in RBWM

This map is reproduced from OS material with the permission of OS on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown Copyright. Unautherised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or civil proceedings. Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, Licence Number 100018817, 2009 July 2009

Figure 9 Map showing nature constraints in the Royal Borough Sites with International Designations Description Total Area Name of part of the site located in the borough

Chiltern Beechwoods SAC Comprises a series of beech woods across the 1276.48 ha Bisham Woods SSSI (6.71% of the SAC). four counties of Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Oxfordshire and Hertfordshire.

South West London Water Bodies SPA and Comprises a series of seven embanked water 828.14 ha Wraysbury and Hythe End Gravel Pits and Ramsar supply reservoirs and former gravel pits. The Wraybury No1 Gravel Pit. The SAC lies on the sites function as are important feeding and boundary of Berkshire and Surrey. roosting for wintering wildfowl.

Thames Basin Heaths SPA An area of open land which supports both dry 8,274 ha Chobham Common (while a small section of and wet heathland landscape. The SPA Chobham Common SSSI lies within the borough comprises a series of 13 SSSIs across three (0.64 ha), the majority of the SPA lies within the counties. neighbouring counties of Surrey and Hampshire).

Thursley, Ash, Pirbright and Chobham SAC An area of open land which supports both a dry 5,138 ha Chobham Common (while a small section (0.64 and wet heathland landscape. ha) of Chobham Common lies within the borough, the majority of the SAC lies within the county of Surrey).

Windsor Forest and Great Park SAC A large area of continuous woodland and 1687.26 ha Windsor Forest and Great Park. The vast parkland lying to the south of Windsor, stretching majority falls within the administrative area of as far as Virginia Water. the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, with the remaining being within the administrative Environment Natural ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA boundaries of Bracknell Forest Borough Council and Runnymede Borough Council.

Table 44 International Nature Conservation Designations Joint Nature Conservation Committee: www.jncc.gov.uk

Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs)

There are 11 sites of special scientific interest (SSSIs) in the borough covering 1,663 ha (8.41% of the borough). It should be noted that the total areas for all SSSIs listed in the table below will not equal this figure, since the table is the total for the SSSI, not just the parts located in RBWM. Some of these form parts of sites with international nature conservation designations.

The condition of SSSIs in the borough is far better than the rest of Berkshire, the South-East or nationally, with 96% of sites in a favourable or recovering condition. This also exceeds the national 2010 target. 83 15 15 aua Environment Natural 84 Name of SSSI Brief Description Total Further Information Area(123) Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

Chobham Common, Chobham Common is an area of extensive, open land which supports dry and 655.16 ha Forms part of the Thames Sunningdale wet heathland, bog, scrub and woodland, forming one of the largest surviving Basin Heaths SPA. Mostly in heathlands in the Thames Basin. Surrey.

Variable condition - part in RBWM favourable.

Bray Meadows, Bray This is a series of species-rich, agriculturally unimproved meadows adjacent to a 6.71 ha Wholly in the borough. side channel of the River Thames near Maidenhead. The meadows support a very uncommon type of grassland with a distinctive flora which is particularly Unfavourable declining characteristic of the calcareous alluvium of the lower Thames floodplain. condition.

Great Thrift Wood, Cox Green A predominantly damp, ancient, coppiced woodland on Reading Beds and alluvium 14.21 ha Wholly in the borough. in the Thames valley near Maidenhead. Favourable condition.

Windsor Forest and Great Windsor Forest and Great Park farms part of the largest continuous tract of 1778.76 ha Principally located in the Park, Windsor woodland and parkland in Berkshire. borough but also in the County of Surrey, Bracknell Forest BC and Runneymede BC.

Favourable condition.

Wraysbury and Hythe End Wraysbury and Hythe End Gravel Pits comprise a mosaic of open water, islands, 117.21 ha Wholly in the borough. Gravel Pits grassland, scrub and woodland within an area of former gravel extraction. The site supports nationally important numbers of three species of wintering wildfowl Unfavourable declining together with an important assemblage of breeding birds associated with open condition. waters and wetland habitats.

123 Natural England - Nature on the Map http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx Name of SSSI Brief Description Total Further Information Area(123)

Wraysbury No1 Gravel Pit Wraysbury No 1 Gravel Pit is of national importance for wintering gadwall Anas 57.72 ha Wholly in the borough. strepera. Unfavourable recovering condition.

Bray Pennyroyal Field, Bray This site comprises a single field adjoining the River Thames to the south-east of 3.49 ha Wholly in the borough. Bray and represents the sole Berkshire locality for the nationally rare pennyroyal Mentha pulegium. Unfavourable declining condition.

Bisham Woods, Bisham An extensive area of predominantly broad leaved woodland situated on a steep 86.47 ha Wholly in the borough. north-west facing slope overlooking the River Thames at Marlow. Favourable condition.

Cock Marsh, Cookham A site exhibiting a transition in a relatively small area from wet alluvial grassland, 18.34 ha Wholly in the borough. through calcareous grassland on a steep north-facing slope to more acidic grassland on clay at the top of the slope. Favourable condition.

Cannoncourt Farm Pit, Furze This pit worked gravels of the Lynch Hill Terrace of the Thames, and has yielded 0.32 ha Wholly in the borough. Platt large numbers of Palaeolithic implements since the beginning of the century. Environment Natural Unfavourable declining Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA condition.

Table 45 Sites of Special Scientific Interest

123 Natural England - Nature on the Map http://www.natureonthemap.org.uk/map.aspx 85 15 15 aua Environment Natural 86 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless unless stated) Problems / Status Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) Constraints (124) & Data Quality (125)

% of SSSIs 2005 = 57% 2005 = 41% 2005 = 45% England: National: 95% of Not possible to RBWM equals the 1 Natural in 2006 = 54% 2006 = 41% 2006 = 45% 2005 = 45% the SSSI land to detect borough national target for (Green) England (126) favourable 2007 = 54% 2007 = 40% 2007 = 46% 2006 = 45% be in favourable trends as not all 2010 with 95% of AMR Local condition 2008 = 57% 2008 = 40% 2008 = 2007 = 45% or ‘recovering’ sites are sites in a favourable Output 2009 = 62% 2009 = 42% 47.5% 2008 = 45% condition by 2010. surveyed every or recovering Indicator 2009 = 44% year. condition in 2009. WME5. TVERC (2009)

Table 46 Condition of SSSIs

Local Nature Reserves and Wildlife Heritage Sites

Other areas are important to biodiversity and local interest including 6 Local Nature Reserves (LNRs) and 116 Wildlife Heritage Sites (WHS) covering 1,420 ha (7.2% of borough). The six Local Nature Reserves are:

The Gullet Braywick Park Bisham Woods Ockwells Park Sutherland Grange Arthur Jacob Nature Reserve

Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) Habitats and Species

Out of the UK BAP priority habitat types, the habitat covering the largest area in the borough is lowland mixed deciduous woodland (6.04% of total land area in the borough) (Source: TVERC).

124 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 125 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 126 http://www.english-nature.org.uk/special/sssi/reportAction.cfm?Report=sdrt13&Category=C&Reference=1003 There are 107 UK BAP priority species in the borough (at 2007/08). There are 162 identified for Berkshire so the borough possesses a good representationof 66%. (Source: TVERC) The Thames Valley Environmental Records Centre are currently suggesting 3 more categories of species that can be monitored locally to measure the environmental impacts or significant effects of spatial policies in LDFs. These are farmland birds, garden butterflies and stag beetles.

Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (127) & Data Quality (128)

Improved Local 2008/09 = 15% 2 NI 197 Biodiversity – (Grey) proportion of Local Sites where positive conservation management has been or is being implemented

Occurrences of Population index: Small increase in the 19 species of farmland 2 RBWM AMR Local farmland birds (of 2004/05 = 0.87 farmland bird birds are included in (Green) Output Indicator WME6 sampled grid 2005/06 = 1.00 population after the the monitoring scheme TVERC 2009 squares) 2006/07 = 0.82 initial decline recorded in Berkshire. 2007/08 = 0.58 since 1999.

Remains below county Environment Natural

2008/09 = 5.1% figures Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

Occurrences of No data All 22 indicator species 3 Butterfly Conservation. garden butterflies of garden butterflies (Blank) RBWM AMR Local occur within RBWM. Output Indicator WME6 Consecutive Wet summers have had a serious impact on the numbers - not been enough data to collect.

127 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 128 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 87 15 15 aua Environment Natural 88 Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Problems Indicator Source

unless stated) unless stated) / Constraints Status (127) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Data Quality (128)

Occurrences of stag Grid squares occupied Increase in the Stag beetles have been 2 RBWM AMR Local beetles (of sampled by stag beetles: occurrence of stag chosen as an indicator (Green) Output Indicator WME6 grid squares) 2006/07 = 29% beetles in RBWM. for Berkshire as 2007/08 = 34% distribution is mostly 2008/09 = 34.5% confined to the South East of England in particular around the Thames Valley.

Table 47 Biodiversity Action Plan habitats and species

127 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 128 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 89 Quality of the Built Environment 16

Extent of the Built Environment

The 23 Grade 1 listed buildings in the borough include Windsor Castle, Windsor Guildhall, Frogmore, Eton College, Bisham Abbey, Marlow Bridge, Maidenhead Bridge and Ockwells Manor.

The 9 historic parks and gardens in the borough include Ditton Park, Eton College (Provost’s, Fellows’ and Luxmoore’s Gardens), Sunningdale Park, Windsor Castle & Home Park, Cumberland Lodge, Frogmore Gardens, Royal Lodge, Windsor Great Park and Hall Place.

Listed Buildings on the national ‘Buildings at Risk’ Register consist Noah’s Boathouse, (Grade 2* building off Stonehouse Lane, Cookham Dean) and the Royal Mausoleum at Frogmore (Grade 1 listed building on the Windsor Estate – added in 2005/06). 16 ult fteBitEnvironment Built the of Quality 90 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (129) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (130)

Number of 2009: 2009: 2009: To increase No trend 1 English Conservation SAM = 17 SAM = 2627 SAM = 19,719 number of identified (Grey) Heritage Areas (CA), CA = 26 CA = 2000 CA = 9,300 designations, 'Heritage at Scheduled HPG = 9 HPG = 366 HPG = 1,600 review existing Risk Register Ancient WHS = 0 WHS = 2 WHS = 28 designations 2009 - South Monument (1 tentative - and where East' (SAM), Great Western possible to RBWM AMR Historic Parks Railway) agree methods 2009 and Gardens for quantifying (HPG), and change in World historical Heritage Sites areas. (WHS)

No. of listed 2007: 2009 = 4,397 2009 = Increase no. of Increase in the 1 RBWM AMR buildings 941 Listed 376,913 listed number of (Green) 2008 (1,536 buildings, listed English individual review existing buildings. Heritage - buildings) buildings and Listed Grade 1 = 23 where possible Buildings Grade 2* = 69 to agree online (131) Grade 2 = 843 methods for Grade B = 2 quantifying Grade C = 4 change in historical 2008: areas. 943 (1538 individual buildings) Grade 1 = 23

129 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 130 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 131 http://lbonline.english-heritage.org.uk/Login.aspx Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (129) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (130)

Grade 2* = 69 Grade 2 = 845 Grade B = 2 Grade C = 1

2009: 967 listed (but 1,543 individual buildings) Grade 1 = 23 Grade 2* = 67 Environment Built the of Quality Grade 2 = 867 Grade B = 2 churches Grade C = 1 church

Listed 2004/05 = 1 2009 = 104 2009 = 969 Number of Relates only to 1 English

Buildings on 2005/06 = 2 Grade 1 and Grade 1 and Grade 1 and Grade 1 or 2* (Amber) Heritage Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA the national 2006/07 = 2 2* Listed 2* Listed 2* Listed buildings 'Heritage at ‘Buildings at 2007/08 = 2 Buildings are Buildings are Buildings at including Risk Register Risk’ 2008/09 = 2 at risk at risk Risk in RBWM Noah’s 2009 - South Register. is very low Boathouse, East' compared with and the Royal RBWM AMR those buildings Mausoleum at 2009 at risk Frogmore. nationally.

Table 48 Extent of the built environment

129 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 130 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 91 16 92 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 16 Quality of the Built Environment

Conservation Areas

There are a total of 26 Conservation Areas in the borough and 19 of these have Conservation Area Statements (marked *). These are:

All Saints, Boyn Hill, Maidenhead Altwood Road, Maidenhead * Beenham's Heath * Bisham Village * Bray Village * Burchetts Green * Castle Hill, Maidenhead Cookham Dean * Cookham High Street * Datchet * Eton * Holyport * Hurley Village * Inner Windsor * Littlewick Green * Maidenhead Riverside* Maidenhead Town Centre * Mill Lane (Clewer Village) Old Windsor Pinkneys Green, Nr. Maidenhead * Shurlock Row * St Mary's Church & Bury Court, White Waltham * Sunningdale * Trinity Place/Clarence Crescent, Windsor Waltham St Lawrence Windsor Town Centre *

During December 2009 and March 2010 the council carried two public consultation exercises on proposals to review and extend the two Maidenhead riverside Conservation Areas around Boulters Lock, and Maidenhead Bridge and Guards Club to form a new, larger Maidenhead Riverside Conservation Area. Following the public consultations, the amended Conservation Area boundary and related Appraisal document were endorsed at the Cabinet Meeting of the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead on 24th June 2010. As a result the Maidenhead Riverside Conservation Area has now replaced the former areas. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 93 Air and Noise 17

Air

The National Air Quality Strategy 2000 and the 2003 Addendum sets UK national non mandatory standards and objectives for ten key air pollutants to be achieved by various dates between 2003 and 2012 (these are similar or in some cases more stringent than the EU limit values).

The latest Air Quality Strategy for the UK was published in 2007 which sets out air quality standards and objectives to be achieved, and provides a way forward. The strategy aims to benefit public health, quality of life and the environment. The strategy will not remove any of the objectives set out in the previous strategy or its addendum(132).

In the south east, the hotter, drier summers predicted as a consequence of climate change could result in an increase in days of moderate or high air pollution at rural sites, unless the primary pollutants from which ozone forms are reduced (133).

In 2005, two Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) were declared in the borough - one in Maidenhead and one in Windsor.

The Maidenhead AQMA is described as “an area covering part of Maidenhead Town Centre, extending north to the roundabout at the junction of the A4 and B4447 and south to Kingswood Court opposite the sports ground”

The Windsor AQMA is described as “the area surrounding the junction of the A332 and Clarence Road in Windsor”.

In 2009 both these AQMAs were extended and a new AQMA was created at M4/Bray, after the Order was approved by Cabinet on 25th June 2009.

Since 2005 there has been no significant change in the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or the population exposed to those levels.

132 DEFRA Air Quality Strategy - http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/air/airquality/strategy/index.htm 133 SEEPB Regional Monitoring Report 2006 17 i n Noise and Air 94 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (134) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (135)

Days when air N/A 2005 = 137 SE – Yearly NB: SE figures 2 SEERA pollution is days improvements based on total (Grey) Regional moderate or 2006 = 90 in pollution for all sites Monitoring higher days levels. Report 2006 2007 = 62

Concentrations 2006 annual Estimated Estimated London and 2010/11 = 40 Predicted NO2 High traffic 1 Local of Nitrogen mean: 2005 Mean 2005 Max the South East ugm³ in both concentration volume and (Red) Transport Plan dioxide in the Windsor background concentrations have the most AQMAs (this is for 2010: congestion are 2006 – 2011 Air Quality AQMA = concentrations forNO2=31.3 acute air the national Windsor the main Annex C: Air Management 49ugm³ forNO2=19.3 ugm³ near pollution objective). AQMA = 40.69 source of Quality Action Areas Maidenhead ugm3(1kmx motorways. problems. ugm³ pollution. Plan (AQMAs) AQMA = 1kmgrid Maidenhead The Air Quality Air Quality 51ugm³ resolution) AQMA = 43.55 Action Plan is Progress 2009 annual ugm³ integrated Report 2007 mean: within the LTP Windsor = aims to 42.4ugm³ improve traffic Maidenhead = flow and 51.1ugm³ reduce road traffic. Area of concern outside Maidenhead AQMA, Bridge Road along A4

134 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 135 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (134) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (135)

No. of Windsor = 720 N/A N/A N/A None None identified Declaration of 1 RBWM residential + 665 in AQMAs and (Grey) Environmental premises in extension. subsequent Health Windsor and formation of Department Maidenhead Maidenhead = Air Quality Air Quality 1300 + 1400 in Action Plan (as Management extension. part of the Areas LTP2) detail Bray = 265 local measures to be implemented in pursuit of compliance with the AQO.

Air quality – No data 2009/10 = 1% 3 NI 194 % reduction reduction per (Blank) in NOx and annum for primary PM10 Buildings and emissions 10% reduction

through local per annum for Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA authority’s Transport estate and operations i n Noise and Air Table 49 Air quality

Noise

EU Directive 2002/49/EC on the assessment and management of environmental noise (2002) (END). The END requires Member States to make strategic noise maps and action plans for major roads, major railways, major airports and major agglomerations.

134 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 135 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 95 17 17 i n Noise and Air 96 In 2002, the Government announced its intention to develop the Ambient Noise Strategy for England (which covers noise from transport and industry) for 2007.

The Strategy would be underpinned by a nationwide noise mapping programme. Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

The 'Noise Policy Statement for England' was published in March 2010, which sets out the long term vision of Government noise policy, which is to promote good health and a good quality of life through the management of noise within the context of Government policy on sustainable development (136).

The RBWM Place Survey 2009 found that less than 0.5% of residents consider addressing noise pollution as an area for improvement.

Indicator RBWM UK / England Target (for RBWM Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source unless stated) RBWM unless Problems / Status (137) & stated) Constraints Data Quality (138)

No. of noise 2004 = 865 England/Wales: None 1 CIEH England/Wales complaints 2005/06 = 670 2005/06 = 153,776 (Green) Data represents 206 2006/07 = 801 (58.2%) of local 2007/08 = 495 authorities 2008/09 = 557 2009/10 = 502

Table 50 Noise complaints

136 DEFRA Noise Policy - http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/quality/noise/policy/index.htm 137 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 138 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 97 Energy and Climate Change 18

Energy and Renewable Energy

In January 2007, RBWM became a signatory to the Nottingham Declaration on Climate Change. This means the authority has pledged to systematically address the causes of climate change and prepare the community for its impacts.

RBWM has a target to reduce domestic energy consumption by 30% by 2010.

The SE has joint second highest consumption of electricity of any region in England.

The borough is on target to reduce domestic energy use by 30% by 2011 based on 1996 levels.

The national target is to meet 10% of UK electricity generation form renewable sources by 2010. Government also has an aspiration to further increase generation by 20% by 2020.

In 2008/09, RBWM is currently producing 16.8% of the 2010 target for renewable energy capacity installed. 18 nryadCiaeChange Climate and Energy 98 Indicator RBWM South East Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Source

unless stated) unless stated) Problems / Status (139) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Constraints Data Quality (140)

Energy N/A Electricity (per 1000 The SE has joint GWh = 1 SEERA Regional consumption per households) second highest Giga-Watt-Hours (Grey) Monitoring Report capita 2003/04 = 4.93 consumption of 2006 GWh electricity of any 2005 = 5.2 GWh region in England. Gas: (GWh per 1000 customers) 2003 = 20.54 2004 = 20.78

Percentage Total improvement Reduce domestic 1 DEFRA HECA improvement in over 11 year period energy use by 30% (Green) Progress Report household energy 1996 – 2006/07 = by 2011 based on Data 1996 - 2006 efficiency (%) 25% 1996 levels. (141)

Renewable energy 2006/07 = 23 KWe 2007 = 343.4 MWe SE targets: 2010 = None identified LA monitoring 2 SEE-Stats capacity installed 5.5% (of total indicators and SE (Red) database (completed and 2007/08 = 0.671 generation capacity) targets are for RBWM Annual ready for MWe electricity only. Monitoring operation). 2008/09 = 0.666 2016 = 8.4% RBWM is currently Reports MWe 2026 = 16% producing 16.8% of the 2010 target. RBWM: 2010 = Based on the best 3.974 MWe (excl. information HEP) available.

Table 51 Energy and renewable energy

139 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 140 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 141 http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/uk/publicsector/localauth/heca95/index.htmhttp://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/uk/publicsector/localauth/heca95/index.htm Sustainable Design and Construction

As part of its local planning strategy the council has prepared a Sustainable Design and Construction Supplementary Planning Document (SPD) in order to provide detailed advice on improving the sustainability performance of buildings and spaces. It covers a range of areas including energy efficiency, renewable energy, water and waste management, materials, biodiversity and pollution, and be applicable to the full range of building types (e.g. residential, office, etc.) across the Royal Borough.

Indicator RBWM South East Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) Problems / Status (142) & Constraints Data Quality (143)

Percentage of new N/A None None None Data for RBWM 3 SEEDA build and retrofit needs to be (Blank) Sustainability homes meeting identified. Indicator Checklist (144) Eco Homes Very may change once a Good standard particular standard is agreed upon through later LDF nryadCiaeChange Climate and Energy documents.

Percentage of N/A 2008 = 292 None Data for RBWM 3 SEEDA commercial (proportion not needs to be (Blank) Sustainability buildings meeting available) identified. Indicator Checklist (145) BREEAM Very may change once a SEEPB Monitoring

Good standard particular standard Reports Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA is agreed upon through later LDF documents.

Table 52 Sustainable design and construction

Climate Change

Climate change will have far-reaching impacts on the land environment, the marine environment, air and water quality. For example:

142 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 143 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 144 http://www.sustainability-checklist.co.uk 145 http://www.sustainability-checklist.co.uk 99 18 18 nryadCiaeChange Climate and Energy 100 Biodiversity (changes in temperature and rainfall result in changes in the ranges and distributions of species);

Flood risk is expected to increase as our climate changes; Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA Coastal erosion expected to increase as sea level rises; and Landscape effects and soil erosion.

Reducing the amounts of greenhouse gases emitted can principally be carried out in several ways:

Reducing the amount of energy used; Increasing the efficiency of the energy used; Decreasing the proportion of energy generated by fossil fuels (gas, oil and coal) which give off greenhouse gases; and Increasing the proportion of energy generated from renewable energy sources (such as wind, solar or biomass).

Impacts elsewhere around the world may be more severe than in the UK.

Climate Change Targets

International target: Kyoto Protocol (1997) target to cut its emissions of greenhouse gases by 12.5% below base year levels by 2008-2012.

In 1992 the UN Convention on Climate Change was agreed at the Earth Summit in Rio. The UK agreed to return their greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2000, and this target was achieved. In 1997 the UK signed up to the Kyoto Protocol. This international agreement was to reduce each of the country’s overall emissions of six greenhouse gases by 5.2% below 1990 levels over the period 2008 – 2012.

Nationally, the Climate Change Act 2008 made the UK the first country in the world to have a long-term, legally binding framework to cut carbon emissions. The act states a target for 2050 of reducing carbon emissions by at least 80% of the 1990 baseline(146).

Carbon Emissions

Domestic carbon emissions in the borough are higher than the regional and national averages. They are also among the highest in Berkshire.

The land required to support an average resident’s lifestyle (the ecological footprint) is higher than the average for England. (147)

UK levels of Greenhouse Gases and carbon dioxide emissions were 2% lower in 2008 than 2007.

Other relevant indicators (such as those for flooding) are dealt with in other sections of the SA Baseline Data.

146 DEFRA - http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climate/legislation/index.htm 147 Windsor and Maidenhead Health Profile (NHS 2007). Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (148) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (149)

CO2 NI 185: Public sector 2009/10 = 5% 2 NI 185 reduction Not available produces reduction per (Grey) DEFRA - from Local about 5% of annum against Sustainable Authority CO2 2008/09 Development operations emissions. baseline. Indicators in CO2 2010/11 = 10% Your Pocket, emissions fell against 2009. by 29% 2008/09 between 1990 baseline. and 2007.

Planning to NI 188 2009/10 = RBWM 1 NI 188 Adapt to 2008/09 = Level 2 achieved Level (Grey) Climate Level 1 2010/11 = 1 target as set. nryadCiaeChange Climate and Energy Change Level 3

Domestic 2006 = 6307 2006: 2006 SE 2006 GB Higher than Based on 2 British Gas – Carbon Reading = Average = Average = regional and estimates, (Red) Domestic Emissions 6189 5808 5595 national affected by Carbon per Wokingham = averages. age and type Emissions for

Dwelling(kg 6179 of housing, Selected Cities Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA CO2 / West Berks = quality of – Best Foot dwelling) 6311 housing stock, Forward Slough = 4946 ownership of (2006) Bracknell = appliances, 5745 occupancy levels, fuel mix, and habits of occupants.

appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 101 149 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 18 18 nryadCiaeChange Climate and Energy 102 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (148) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (149)

Estimates Industry and Domestic per Domestic per UK:Domestic 2010/11 = 13% LULUCF = 1 DEFRA Carbon Commercial = capita (tonnes capita = 2.5 per capita = (6.75 tonnes) Land Use, (Green) Summary Emissions by 441 CO2) tonnes CO2 2.5tonnes CO2 Land Use 2005 End User - Domestic = Reading = 2.3 Total per Total per Change and NI 186 Per capita 389 Slough = 2.1 capita = 8.4 capita = 9.3 Forestry CO2 Road West Berks = tonnes CO2 tonnes CO2 Emissions emissions in Transport = 2.8 2007 NI 186 - theLAarea 505 Wokingham = Emissions by measured as a LULUCF = 2 2.6 user: % reduction or Total = 1336 Bracknell = 2.3 Business = increase of the (kt CO2) Total per 35% per capita CO2 Domestic per capita (tonnes Residential = emission from capita = 2.9 CO2) 26% 2005 baseline tonnes CO2 Reading = 7.1 Transport = year Total per Slough = 6.8 28% capita = 10 West Berks = tonnes CO2 13.4 Wokingham = NI 186: 7.8 NI 186: Per capita Bracknell = 6 Per capita emissions (t) emissions (t) 2005 = 7.3 2005 = 7.0 2006 = 7.2 2006 = 6.8 2007 = 6.8 2007 = 6.6 % reduction % reduction since 2005 = since 2005 = 6.8% 4.8%

148 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 149 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (148) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (149)

Ecological 2004 = 6.06 2001 = 6.09 UK average: South East gha = global 2 Stabilising the Footprint gha gha 2001 = 5.35 has highest hectares per (Red) ecological 2005 = 6.31 2004 = 5.63 gha ecological person footprint in the gha gha 2006 = 4.64 footprint of all Global South East 2006 = 6.49 2006 = 5.09 gha government average = 2.6 Plan: A Report gha gha regions in the gha to SEERA UK. (2005) REAP v2 Experimental release: 15-10-08. Published by SEI 2008 (150).

EA Website Change Climate and Energy

Table 53 Carbon emissions and ecological footprint ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

149 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 103 150 Available at http://www.resource-accounting.org.uk/downloads 18 104 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 18 Energy and Climate Change SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 105 Use of Land Resources 19

Land

The percentage of new and converted dwellings built on previously developed land in the borough generally exceeds 90%. This is significantly above the regional target of 60%.

The majority of employment development takes place on previously developed land in the borough. 19 s fLn Resources Land of Use 106 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (151) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (152)

Percentage of 2001/02 = 98% 2001/02 = 88% 2001/02 = 68% 1990 = 54% 60% (South Generally Berkshire data 1 Core Output new and 2002/03 = 90% 2002/03 = 87% 2002/03 = 71% 2008 = 78% East Plan) exceeds 90% based on all (Green) Indicator H3 converted 2003/04 = 82% 2003/04 = 87% 2004/05 = 76% gains and RBWM Annual dwellings on 2004/05 = 97% 2004/05 = 79% 2005/06 = 79% losses through Monitoring previously 2005/06 = 88% 2005/06 = 81% 2006/07 = 82% demolitions Reports. developed 2006/07 = 91% 2006/07 = 81% 2007/08 = 79% and Housing land 2007/08 = 99% 2007/08 = 90% conversions. Commitments 2008/09 = 98% 2008/09 = 86% for Berkshire (JSPU) SEEPB Monitoring Reports Sustainable Indicators in Your Pocket (DEFRA, 2009)

Percentage of 2006/07: 2006/07: 2006/07 = 73% UK all new None None The majority of 1 Core Output land B1a = 99% B1 = 93% 2007/08 = 75% development: employment (Green) Indicator BD2 developed for B1c = 100% B2 = 98% 1990 = 49% development - RBWM employment B2 = 100% B8 = 83% 2006 = 52% takes place on Annual by type, B8=2% PDL and Monitoring which is on 2007/08: therefore the Reports previously 2007/08: B1 = 80% situation is JSPU developed B1a = 100% B2 = 98% positive. Berkshire land. B1c = 100% B8 = 79% Summary B2 = 100% Reports B8 = 94% 2008/09: DEFRA - B1 = 95% Sustainable B2 = 97%

151 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 152 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (151) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (152)

2008/09: B8 = 70% Development B1a = 98% Indicators in B1c = 100% Your Pocket, B2 = 100% 2009 B8=7%

Previously 2004 = 0.15% Very low levels 2 NI 170 developed 2005 = 0.21% of long-term (Green) Audit land (PDL) 2006 = 0.08% vacant and Commission that has been 2007 = 0.14% derelict land. Hub vacant or 2008 = 0.05% derelict for more than 5 years

Agricultural Current To protect land 3 CPRE and

land quality estimates are of quality (Blank) Natural Resources Land of Use that Grades 1 grades 1 and 2 England and 2 together Research form about "Green Belt ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 17% of all Fact Sheets" farmland January 2010 nationally.

Area and Approx. 480 England & None Note for 1 RBWM number of potentially Wales - England and (Green) Environmental contaminated contaminated approx. Wales number Health sites sites. 300,000 ha. of sites with Department Following main Environment risk-assessment No. Of Sites: contaminants: Agency

appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 107 152 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 19 19 s fLn Resources Land of Use 108 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (151) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (152)

12 sites Metals and More than one website (2007 prioritised for metalloids = contaminant research). further 669 can occur at investigation Organic an individual (previously compounds = site 32). 160 Inorganic compounds = 454 Gas / vapour = 69 Other = 17

Table 54 Land resources

Location of Mineral Resources

Sharp sand and gravel deposits in the borough include valley gravel and plateau gravel. The geology around the River Thames in the borough is valley gravel. There are small areas of plateau gravel to the north of Cookham, to south of Windsor and scattered across Ascot, Sunninghill and Sunningdale.

Deposits containing soft sand include Reading Beds and Bagshot Beds. The geology to the south and east of Windsor and in the Ascot, Sunninghill and Sunningdale areas is Bagshot Beds. Reading Beds occurs to the west of Bray and Holyport and into White Waltham and Waltham St Lawrence. Also between Cookham Dean and Pinkneys Green.

Mineral Extraction

Reserves where mineral extraction has been permitted include, Kingsmead Quarry, Wraysbury (estimated at 2m tonnes of gravel) and Sheephouse Farm, Maidenhead (estimated at 4m tonnes of gravel).

151 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 152 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Adopted preferred areas for mineral extraction include Riding Court Farm (estimated at 1.75m tonnes of valley gravel) and North of Horton, Datchet (estimated at 3.8m tonnes of valley gravel).

Discussions of possible future areas for future mineral extraction (Mineral Preferred Areas (153)) are taking place through the Berkshire Unitary Authorities Local Development Framework. There are also occasional windfall sites, e.g. Bray Triangle which was allowed on appeal. s fLn Resources Land of Use ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

153 Berkshire Unitary Authorities - Joint Minerals and Waste Development Framework. Detailed Minerals and Waste Development Control Policies and Preferred Areas. Issues and Options Appendices. 109 Regulations 25. (September 2007). 19 110 SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 19 Use of Land Resources SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 111 Water Management and Flooding 20

Flood Risk

In the Royal Borough, 25.6% of residential and 26.4% of commercial properties are at risk from flooding. Of these some 9,511 residential and 51 commercial properties are deemed to be in an area of higher flood risk (1 in 100 years).

There is 34,590,822 sq.m of land mass (excluding anything water related) within floodzone 3 in the borough.

There have been several series floods along the River Thames in the years 1894, 1947, 1954, 1959, 1974, 1981, 1990, 2000 and 2002/03.

In 2008/09 only two planning applications were approved against Environment Agency (EA) advice on grounds of flood defence; none were granted against EA advice on water quality.

There is currently no data on new development which has sustainable urban drainage (SUDS) installed although this is a regional target. 20 ae aaeetadFlooding and Management Water 112 Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for RBWM Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

unless stated) RBWM Problems / Status (154) Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA unless Constraints & Data stated) Quality (155)

Number of 2009: Properties at England and Prevent all * Properties at 1 Environment properties at 16,688 residential risk: Wales 2006: An inappropriate high risk of (Grey) Agency risk from (25.6%) and 959 2006 = 310,000 estimated 2.3 development in the flooding are also SEEPB flooding commercial (26.4%) 2007 = 280,000 million flood plain (IRF) included in the Regional properties at medium 2008 = 284,000 properties (9% zone 2 medium Monitoring risk or higher from of all properties) risk. Reports flooding (zone 2 or 1; lie in areas at RBWM GIS 1 in 1000 year risk of flooding. Data probability) This equates to 9,511 (15.1%) residential and 51 (1.4%) commercial properties at high risk from flooding (zone 3; 1 in 100 years probability)*.

Number of 2007/08 = 4 Prevent all Improving 1 RBWM Annual planning 2008/09 = 2 inappropriate situation (Green) Monitoring applications development in the Report (AMR) approved flood plain (IRF) Core Output 2006/07 = 5 against Indicator E1 2007/08 = 37 Environment SEEPB Agency advice Regional on grounds of Monitoring flood defence. Reports

Flood and NI 189: 1 NI 198 - Central coastal erosion (Green) Government's 2008/09 = 100% Hub Database.

154 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 155 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for RBWM Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source unless stated) RBWM Problems / Status (154) unless Constraints & Data stated) Quality (155)

risk management

New N/A N/A N/A All new planning No data 3 SEEPB development applications to show currently (Blank) Regional with that SUDS has available. Monitoring sustainable been considered & Reports urban drainage implemented where (SUDS) appropriate (IRF) installed. ae aaeetadFlooding and Management Water

Table 55 Flood risk

Water

National targets are to reduce the likelihood of water supply shortages, whilst avoiding the growth in environmental damage. In 2006, 35 billion litres of water were abstracted per day from non-tidal and ground water sources in England and Wales.(156)

Groundwater aquifers provide about 75% of public water supply in South East England. (157)

Work on a new water pipeline in Maidenhead is due to commence in April 2010. Once built, the new 3.6km long pipeline will deliver a second, secure supply of an additional 2.5 million litres of water, from nearby Bray Water Treatment Works (WTW), into the town’s water supply network. The new water main will support Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA the company’s water sources in the town, and help meet demand for water both from existing customers, as well as from new homes planned in the future.

South East Water are investing in a 17km pipeline between Bray WTW and an existing service reservoir in Swinley Forest, Berkshire, to meet future water demand. Part of the pipeline runs through the Royal Borough.

Nationally in 2007/08 the average person consumed 148 litres each day(158). In South East England this figure averaged at 158 litres (163 unmeasured; 144 measured)(159).

154 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 155 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 156 Sustainable Development Indicators in your Pocket (DEFRA, 2009) 157 Environment Agency website: Planning and Research/Publications and Reports/ State of the Environment/ South East

158 Sustainable Development Indicators in your Pocket (DEFRA, 2009) 113 159 Regional Monitoring Report 2008 20 20 ae aaeetadFlooding and Management Water 114 Although there are no figures for the borough, out of all the English regions, the South East has the second highest regional average water consumption for both

measured and unmeasured households. Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

The long term trend has been a rise in the consumption of water from metered (4%) and unmetered (9%) since 1992, despite more recent falls.

Although there are no figures for the borough, water quality has shown an underlying trend of improvement in the south east and nationally.

In 2008/09, 19% of the population of the South East (1.5 million people), were in zones of water deficit. The Royal Borough is not in one of these identified zones.

The Government has set legal standards for drinking water in the Water Quality Regulations. Most of these standards come directly from an obligatory European Community Directive and are based on World Health Organisation guidelines. The UK has adopted additional standards to ensure an extremely high quality of water in England and Wales. The standards are strict and generally include wide safety margins. Furthermore there is an independent 'Drinking Water Inspectorate' who provide reassurance by monitoring that drinking water is safe.

In the south east the total of major and significant water pollution incidents has decreased by more than 35% since 2006.

Since 2004, there have been no planning permissions granted contrary to the advice of the Environment Agency on water quality grounds in the borough. Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (160) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (161)

Per capita N/A Litres/ head/ day Litres/ head/ day To stabilise per The SE has the 3 SEEPB consumption of Unmeasured 2007/08 = 148 capita second highest (Blank) Regional water households consumption of regional average Monitoring 2004/05 = 168 water at current water Reports 2005/06 = 166 levels (IRF) consumption for Sustainable 2006/07 = 157 both measured Development 2007/08 = 163 and unmeasured Indicators in Measured households. Your Pocket households (DEFRA, 2009)

2004/05 = 155 Flooding and Management Water 2005/06 = 148 2006/07 = 137 2007/08 = 144

Rivers of Good N/A Chemical quality England Good SE: river water Nationally since This indicator 3 SEEPB or Fair - good: chemical quality quality is generally the 1990s, water will in due (Blank) Regional chemical and 2003 = 58.9% 1990 = 55% good with quality has course be Monitoring biological 2004 = 54.8% 2005 = 64 % chemical water shown an changed to Reports quality 2005 = 61.34% 2006 = 69% quality improving, underlying trend reflect Sustainable 2006 = 65% 2007 = 76% and biological of improvement assessments of Development

Good/Fair: Good biological water quality ecological status Indicators in Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 2007 = 97% quality staying at a as required by Your Pocket 1990 = 55% consistent level. theEUWater (DEFRA, 2009) Biological quality 2005 = 71% Framework Environment - good: 2006 = 72% Directive. Agency 2003 = 76.3% 2007 = 72% 2004 = 78.21% 2005 = 78.21%

Good/fair

appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 115 161 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 20 20 ae aaeetadFlooding and Management Water 116 Indicator RBWM South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (160) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (161)

2007 = 98%

Incidents of N/A 2003: SE: 2007 saw Category 1 = 3 SEEPB major and 24 category 1; the second major incidents. (Blank) Regional significant 98 category 2 lowest number Monitoring water pollution of major Reports 2004: incidents 13 category 1; (category 1) 86 category 2 since 2004. 2005: 17 category 1; 164 category 2

2007: 13 category 1; 45 category 2

Number of 2004/05 = 0 Not to approve None identified 1 RBWM AMR planning 2005/06 = 0 applications (Green) Core Output permissions 2006/07 = 0 against EA advice. Indicator E1 granted 2007/08 = 0 contrary to the 2008/09 = 0 advice of the Environment Agency on water quality grounds.

Table 56 Water consumption and quality

160 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 161 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. SA Background Paper B: Baseline Data 117 Waste Management 21

National Waste Levels

In 2004/05 the UK produced 187 million tonnes of waste (consisting construction and demolition, industry and commerce, and municipal sector). Regionally the highest waste generation was in the South East, accounting for 15% of the total for England.

There has been a decrease of 0.9% of waste that goes to landfill, with recycling/ composting in 2007/08 accounting for 34% of household waste.(162)

Household Waste

The amount of household waste generated in the borough has historically been high. This has been reducing so that it is now near to the national average.

The proportion of household waste being recycled or composted in the borough is increasing and the proportion of household waste going to landfill is decreasing. This is in line with national trends. At present the Borough does not recover heat, power or other energy sources from household waste.

The civic amenity site (provided by the Council for residents to dispose of household waste) is located off Stafferton Way, Maidenhead. Arrangements have also been made with Slough Borough Council for residents to use their site at White Hart Road, Chalvey in Slough where this is more convenient. There are 29 recycling ‘bring’ sites across the borough where a variety of materials can be recycled.

88% of residents were satisfied (40% very satisfied) with refuse collection in 2008; by 2009 this had increased to 90%.

83% of residents have used local tips/ household waste recycling centres within the last year. 68% of residents are satisfied (29% very satisfied) with these facilities.

The Royal Borough is participating in a pioneering new recycling initiative scheme that rewards residents for recycling by giving points that can be accumulated for monetary discounts at outlets across the borough. The council is working in partnership with Veolia Environmental Services and RecycleBank. The scheme is being rolled out to all residents in June 2010. RBWM is the first authority in the country to reward people for recycling. (163)

162 Sustainable Indicators in your Pocket - DEFRA (2009) 163 RBWM www.rbwm.gov.uk. 21 at Management Waste 118 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (164) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (165)

Residual BVPI (per 2005/06 = 1996 – 2003 = 2005/06 = half 2009/10 = Sharp decent The old BVPI 1 NI 191 waste per head): 427,894 15% increase a tonne 483.8kg in amount of measured (Grey) BVPI 84a household 2003/04 = tonnes total 2004/05 – 2007/08 = half household waste per Joint Minerals 615kg 2005/06 = a tonne waste being head, whereas and Waste 2004/05 = decrease by generated. the new NI Annual 537.85kg nearly 5% records waste Monitoring 2005/06 = per household. Report (2009) 535kg SEEPB 2006/07 = Regional 503.8kg Monitoring 2007/08 = Report (2008) 487.46kg DEFRA (2009)(166) NI 191 (per household):

2008/09 = 708kg

164 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 165 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 166 Sustainable Indicators in your Pocket Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (164) & stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (165)

Percentage of BVPI: Recycled/ Recycled/ UK: To increase Recent years 1 NI 192 household Recycling composted: composted Recycling/ recovery of all have seen (Green) (BVPI 82) waste sent for 2004/05 = 2006/07 = 29% 2005/06 = 30% composted waste to 71% nearly a 10% Joint Minerals reuse, 17.81% 2007/08 = 32% 2006/07 = 34% 2005/06 = 27% by 2010 (SE). increase in and Waste recycling and 2005/06 = 2008/09 = 35% 2007/08 = 37% 2007/08 = 34% household Annual composting 21.48% To recover waste that gets Monitoring 2006/07 = Other Recovery value from recycled. Report (2009) 24.58% (incineration): 2005/06 = 11% 45% of SEEPB 2007/08 = 24% 2006/07 = 0 2006/07 = 12% municipal Regional 2007/08 = 1% 2007/08 = 12% waste and to Monitoring Recovery 2008/09 = 1% recycle or Report (2008) 2004/05 = 0 compost 30% DEFRA (2009) 2005/06 = 0 of household (167) 2006/07 = 0 waste by 2010 2007/08 = 0 (national).

NI 192: 2008/09 = 35.33% at Management Waste ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

165 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 119 167 Sustainable Indicators in your Pocket 21 21 at Management Waste 120 Indicator RBWM Berkshire South East UK / England Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source

RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (164) & Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (165)

Percentage of BVPI: 2006/07 = 71% 2005/06 = 59% 2002 = 91 2010 = 60% Decrease in 1 NI 193 municipal 2004/05 = 2007/08 = 67% 2006/07 = 54% million tonnes amount of (Green) (BVPI 82) waste 75.06% 2008/09 = 64% 2007/08 = 51% 2007 = 73 household Joint Minerals landfilled 2005/06 = million tonnes waste going to and Waste 71.02% landfill. Annual 2006/07 = Monitoring 66.79% Report (2009) 2007/08 = SEEPB 65.89% Regional Monitoring NI 193: Report (2008) 2008/09 = DEFRA (2009) 64.67% (168)

Table 57 Household waste

Perceptions of Waste/ Refuse

90% of residents are satisfied with refuse collection in the borough. The overall perception of residents on waste and refuse is positive.

164 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 165 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 168 Sustainable Indicators in your Pocket Indicator RBWM Target (for RBWM Trend (in RBWM Comments/ Indicator Source unless stated) unless stated) Problems/ Status(169) & Constraints Data Quality (170)

Percentage of 2004 = 90% 1 Place Surveys 2008 residents satisfied 2006 = 86% (Green) and 2009 with refuse 2008 = 88% collection. 2009 = 90%

Percentage of 2004 = 65% 1 Place Surveys 2008 residents satisfied 2006 = 78% (Green) and 2009 with door step 2008 = 68% recycling. 2009 = 74%

Percentage of 2008 = 83% 2 Place Survey 2008 residents that have (Grey) used local tips/ household waste recycling centres within the last year.

Percentage of 2004 = 65% 1 Place Surveys 2008 residents satisfied 2006 = 78% (Green) and 2009

with local tips/ 2008 = 68% Management Waste household waste 2009 = 74% Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA recycling centres.

Percentage of 2004 = 63% 1 Place Surveys 2008 residents satisfied 2006 = 74% (Green) and 2009 with Council efforts 2008 = 65% at keeping public 2009 = 67% land clear of litter and refuse.

Table 58 Perceptions of waste/ refuse

169 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an

appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 121 170 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data 21 21 at Management Waste 122 Commercial Waste ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA The amount of commercial and industrial waste generated in the south east declined slightly by 1.6% between 1998/99 and 2002/03. This is encouraging although the causes of this are unclear. Figures for the borough are unavailable at the present time. See tables below for Berkshire data.

Between 1998/99 and 2002/03 the amount of demolition waste in the south east increased by approximately 2 million tonnes (16%). This growth in waste is of concern and regional policies are aiming to stabilise this and encourage increased recycling and use of secondary and recycled aggregates. Figures for RBWM are unavailable at the present time. See tables below for Berkshire data.

Indicator Berkshire Target (for Trend (in Comments / Indicator Source RBWM unless RBWM unless Problems / Status (171) & South East UK/ England stated) stated) Constraints Data Quality (172)

Generation of 2002/03 = 1998/99 = 9.00 UK: To reduce Data for 2 Berkshire Waste Commercial 559,205 tonnes 1 million tonnes 2004/05 = 33% landfill for Berkshire is (Blank) Development and Industrial Projected for 2002/03 = 8.852 of the 187 industrial and based on Framework Annual Waste. 2016 = 970,000 million tonnes million tonnes commercial estimates Monitoring Report tonnes total waste. waste to 85% of (2006) the 1998 level SEERA Regional by 2005 (to be Monitoring Report reviewed) (2005) DEFRA (2009)(173)

Generation of 2002/03 = 1998/99 = UK: Data for 2 Berkshire Waste Construction 1,499,332 13.124 million 2004/05 = 48% Berkshire is (Blank) Development and Demolition tonnes tonnes of the 187 based on Framework Annual Waste Projected for 2002/03 = 15.23 million tonnes estimates Monitoring Report 2016 = million tonnes total waste. (2006) 1,800,000 SEERA Regional tonnes Monitoring Report (2005)

Table 59 Commercial waste

171 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 172 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 173 Sustainable Indicators in your Pocket Hazardous Waste

The amount of hazardous waste generated in the south east declined between 1999 and 2003, but has seen an increase in recent years.

Hazardous waste arisings in Berkshire amount to: 48,894 tonnes.(174)

Indicator Berkshire South East Target (for Trend (in RBWM Comments / Indicator Status Source RBWM unless unless stated) Problems / (175) & Data stated) Constraints Quality (176)

Generation of 2002/03 = 41,252 1999 = 470,474 Data for Berkshire 2 Berkshire Waste Hazardous Waste tonnes 2000 = 559,028 is based on (Blank) Development (tonnes) 2001 = 576,853 estimates Framework 2002 = 578,678 Annual Monitoring 2003 = 444,000 Report (2006) 2006 = 477,042 SEERA Regional 2007 = 532,116 Monitoring Report (2008)

Table 60 Hazardous waste

Projected Waste Arisings for Berkshire (2016)

The waste management requirements (tonnes in 1000's) for Berkshire stated in South East Plan policy W7 for 2008/10 are: MSW = 441; Commercial and Industrial

= 845. Management Waste ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

Year Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Commercial and Industrial Construction and Demolition Total

2006 0.48 0.78 1.80 3.06

2007 0.49 0.80 1.80 3.09

2008 0.43 0.82 1.80 3.05

2009 0.42 0.84 2.12 3.38

174 Environment Agency: Hazardous Waste Interrogator 2008 175 Indicator Status: (for RBWM compared to other authorities / areas of the UK) Green = positive situation, Amber = slightly negative situation, Red = negative situation, Grey = uncertain (usually where an

appropriate comparator is not available), Blank = No data available to draw a conclusion. 123 176 Data Quality: 1 = Reliable / good quality data, 2 = Reliability could be improved, 3 = No data / unreliable data. 21 21 at Management Waste 124 Year Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Commercial and Industrial Construction and Demolition Total ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA 2010 0.42 0.84 2.12 3.38

2011 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2012 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2013 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2014 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2015 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2016 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2017 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2018 0.43 0.84 2.12 3.39

2019 0.44 0.84 2.12 3.40

2020 0.44 0.84 2.12 3.40

2021 0.44 0.84 2.12 3.40

2022 0.44 0.84 2.12 3.40

2023 0.44 0.84 2.12 3.40

2024 0.44 0.84 2.12 3.40

2025 0.44 0.84 2.12 3.40

Table 61 : Managed Forecasts for MSW, C&I and C&D arisings used in the November 2009 run of the South East regional waste capacity and needs model (million tonnes) Municipal Solid Waste Commercial and Industrial Construction and Demolition Total

Existing arisings (tonnes per 460,000 (177) 650,000 (178) 1,800,000 (179) 2,910,000 annum)

Forecast arisings 2016 (tonnes per 560,000 (180) 970,000 (181) 1,800,000 (182) 3,330,000 annum)

Recycling and composting target 50 55 60 2016 (%)(183)

‘Other’ recovery target (%)(184) 24 20 21

Existing recycling rate (%) 15.2 (185) 35 (186) 33 (187)

Additional recycling required 195,000 194,000 486,000 875,000 (tonnes per annum) (188)

Additional ‘other’ recovery 135,000 194,000 378,000 707,000 required (tonnes per annum)

Total additional recovery required 330,000 388,000 864,000 1,582,000 (tonnes per annum)

Landfill capacity requirement(189) 146,000 243,000 342,000 641,000

Table 62 Berkshire projected waste arisings (2016) at Management Waste

NB: all figures are rounded. Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA

179 SE Regional Waste Management Statement 2002 178 SE Regional Waste Management Statement 2002 177 DEFRA Municipal Waste Management Survey 2002-03 182 SE Regional Waste Management Statement 2002 181 SE Regional Waste Management Statement 2002 180 Emerging SE Regional Waste Management Strategy forecast based on last 5 years’ growth and long term pattern 183 Draft SE Regional Waste Management Strategy Proposed Changes August 2005 184 Draft SE Regional Waste Management Strategy Proposed Changes August 2005 187 2001 C&D Survey carried out by Symonds/WRc for ODPM 186 SE Regional Waste Management Statement 2002 185 Average across Berkshire Unitaries 2002 –03

188 Difference between 2016 recycling target and current rate applied to 2016 arisings figure 125 189 In that year 21 21 at Management Waste 126 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) ABcgon ae :Bsln Data Baseline B: Paper Background SA The amount of MSW that is recycled compared to going to landfill has been increasing in recent years.

Year Landfill % (and tonnage) Recycled/ Composted % (and tonnage)

2006/07 67% (47,197) 33% (23,732)

2007/08 65% (45,165) 35% (23,924)

2008/09 63% (43,330) 37% (25,699)

Table 63 Municipal solid waste Minerals and Waste Annual Monitoring Report 2008/09 - Figures from DEFRA