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The Mirror of Humanism; Or, Towards a Baudrillardian Posthuman Theory

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The Mirror of Humanism; Or, Towards a Baudrillardian Posthuman Theory Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 10-4-2018 11:00 AM The Mirror of Humanism; or, Towards a Baudrillardian Posthuman Theory David Guignion The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Tom Carmichael The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Theory and Criticism A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © David Guignion 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Continental Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Guignion, David, "The Mirror of Humanism; or, Towards a Baudrillardian Posthuman Theory" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5780. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5780 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Abstract This thesis considers the relationship between Jean Baudrillard’s thought and theories of posthumanism. I argue that Baudrillard’s work is fundamentally posthuman, but that Baudrillard’s posthumanism is one that stands in opposition to main currents of contemporary posthuman theory. Most contemporary posthuman theory, I argue, focuses on the dissipation of a liberal humanist subject--and celebrate its loss. Baudrillard’s thought, by contrast, suggests that the posthuman figure only arrives in the age of hyperreality and is therefore intertwined with the oppressive logic of the simulacrum. In my consideration of contemporary posthuman theory, I focus primarily on the work of Katherine Hayles, Cary Wolfe, and Rosi Braidotti to show how each fails to consider the implications of an oppressive posthuman figure and how each therefore mirror the same systemic modes of oppression they purport to challenge. In pursuing my critique, my debt to Baudrillard is both formal and substantial as I adopt his methodological approach, for example, in challenging Karl Marx and Michel Foucault to point to the ways in which these posthuman scholars’s work mirrors, as opposed to challenges, the doctrine of the liberal humanist subject, all the while crafting and illustrating a Baudrillardian posthuman theory. I conclude my thesis by sketching a Baudrillardian theory of resistance to the oppressive posthuman figure of hyperreality by employing his theory of seduction as a challenge to the determinacy of the posthuman subject. Keywords Jean Baudrillard; Posthumanism; Humanism; Cary Wolfe; Katherine Hayles; Rosi Braidotti; Seduction. ii Acknowledgements The completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the myriad of supporters both directly and indirectly. First and foremost, there are my parents, Lynn and Velma, who, with their unwavering support of my continuation through academia, have been integral in my maintenance of a positive demeanor for the duration of this, at times, tedious undertaking. There is little doubt that I would have made it this far in academia if it weren’t for the many teachers and professors that have shaped, not only what I think, but how I think. This is directed to the many professors of the English department at Bishop’s University—Dr. Shawn Malley, Dr. Gregory Brophy, Dr. Linda Morra, Dr. Steven Woodward, and Dr. Jessica Riddell— as well as many from the Sociology department—Dr. Gerry Coulter and Dr. Mary Ellen Donnan—who have all been integral in shaping my relationship to the broad category of theory, and to the world. Thanks to Dr. Tom Carmichael who has been instrumental in the timely completion of this project. It makes little sense to me how someone with as much responsibility as Tom managed to find the time to guide me through this project. I would like to thank the Center for the Study of Theory and Criticism that has provided the basis for my pursuing this idea. And a very special thanks to Melanie Caldwell who has made everything as easy as it can possibly be. And of course, thanks to my Hélène, who has been paramount in equipping me with the critical intellectual tools necessary to complete such a project. iii For Gerry A friend has died. The death of a friend finds its own justification a posteriori: it makes the world less liveable, and therefore renders his absence from this world less painful. It alters the world in such a way that he would no longer have his place in it. Others outlive themselves into a world which is no longer theirs. Some know how to slip away at the apposite moment. Their death is a stroke of cleverness: it makes the world more enigmatic, more difficult to understand than it was when they were alive – which is the true task of thought. (Jean Baudrillard, Cool Memories IV) The task of philosophy is to unmask this illusion of objective reality - a trap that is, in a sense, laid for us by nature. (Jean Baudrillard, The Intelligence of Evil; or, The Lucidity Pact) In the beginning, the mountains had great wings. Whenever they pleased, they would fly through the air and alight on the ground. Then the earth would tremble and quake. But Indra cut off the mountain’s wings. He fastened the mountains to the earth, to steady it. The wings became clouds. Ever since that time, clouds gathered around the mountaintops. (Roberto Calasso, The Ruin of Kasch) iv Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Keywords ............................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. ii Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... iv Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 1 Baudrillard’s Posthumanism .......................................................................................... 5 1.1 Deconstructing the Subject/Object Dichotomy ...................................................... 6 1.2 The Phenomenological Turn: From Nature to Simulation ................................... 19 1.3 To Forget Marx, Freud, Foucault: Baudrillard’s Challenge ................................. 27 1.4 Navigating Today: Theory in the Age of Posthumanism. .................................... 36 1.5 Baudrillard’s Fears for the Future and Today ....................................................... 45 2 Posthumanism or, The Mirror of Humanism. .............................................................. 54 2.1 Hayles and the History of the Posthuman ............................................................. 59 2.2 Wolfe and the Question of the Animal ................................................................. 69 2.3 The Violence of “Becoming.” ............................................................................... 74 3 Seducing the Cyborg .................................................................................................... 85 3.1 The Cyborg ........................................................................................................... 86 3.2 The Ontologically Determined Cyborg and Disability Studies ............................ 88 3.3 Sara Ahmed’s Critique of Baudrillard’s Implicit Determinism ............................ 91 3.4 Posthuman Subjectivity ........................................................................................ 94 3.5 Resistance and Hybridity; or, a Postcolonial Posthumanism: From Baudrillard to Bhabha .................................................................................................................. 98 3.6 Seducing the Cyborg ........................................................................................... 100 3.7 The Cyborg and the return of Illusion................................................................. 105 v Works Cited .................................................................................................................... 108 Curriculum Vitae ............................................................................................................ 115 1 Introduction A consideration of Jean Baudrillard’s thought with posthumanism may appear, at first glance, to be a project not worth conducting. There are many reasons why, were one to state the contrary, they may be charged with proclaiming a truism. Given Baudrillard’s theorization of hyperreality, and its consequential effect on humanity, there is little doubt that his work shares some indubitable affinity with posthumanism. The goal of this thesis is to argue that, in fact, Baudrillard’s work stands opposed to many strands of posthumanism represented by the work of Cary Wolfe, Katherine Hayles, and Rosi Braidotti. I argue that in contrast to these posthuman approaches, Baudrillard’s work refuses to accept that there has ever been a steady ontological notion of the human that has either vanished or is in the process of vanishing. Therefore, I propose that a Baudrillardian “posthumanism” does not theorize what follows the liberal human subject but considers the implications of a human fully realized in the wake of hyperreality. What we may observe is a chiasm of the traditional thesis held by posthuman scholars where posthumanism
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