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A Tissue Engineering Discussion for Mechanical / Chemical Engineers - Introducing the Operation of the Stem-Cells Activation Triggers

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A Tissue Engineering Discussion for Mechanical / Chemical Engineers - Introducing the Operation of the Stem-Cells Activation Triggers Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering 6(5): 102-113, 2018 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujme.2018.060502 A Tissue Engineering Discussion for Mechanical / Chemical Engineers - Introducing the Operation of the Stem-Cells Activation Triggers Edilson Gomes de Lima IENN-Institute Engineering in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Australia Copyright©2018 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract This paper traced an introductory script 1 . Introduction about the natural communication by an interface between the tissues and the environment theoretically, as a possible The world changes surge new sciences and technologies form of biological adaptation in environment, as a first step emerge. By human interferences in the environment the for popularization in tissue engineering for mechanical and flora and fauna are suffering changes, in behaviour and chemical engineers. Knowing the keys communication biological. The environment interface with biology in system, it’s theoretically possible to understand that even adaptation process is in a disastrous running. For a better after generating a specialized tissue, it is still possible to and one possible environmental remediation, there are induce new stem cells to generate tissues. According to hundreds of emerging technologies. Critical subjects such external and internal tissues readings, as by integrin as cyborgs, atomic printers, biomechanics and mimicry mechanism, or actomyosin induced by various means, natural biologic circuits are decisive at present. Are themes presented throughout this study. Also, make visible and that involve mechanical engineering [7]. We have never clear new stem cells induction techniques through stimuli, been so close to achieving these technologies as today, activated by means for the formation of specialized and especially by the tools of the new sciences, as the tissue interconnected specialized cells for tissue engineering. In engineering. In which mechanical engineering needs to be this objective investigation is showed some mechanical attentive and update itself in new themes. Making a analytical apparatus in new designs to automate biological three-dimensional printer, however technological it may be, processes. The domain of all flow and mechanism in stem does not come close to 1% of what is needed. It is cell activation triggers is as important as the knowledge of necessary to go beyond, to join the technologies of DNA sequencing, with the focus on proving the ability of automatic DNA sequencers, software’s, complete the tissues to read passively, interpret the external interfaces, biomechanisms, and an in-depth tissue environment and make changes by biochemicals for engineering study. Which is the reason a mechanical appropriate adaptation. The genes interpret the engineer does not have a tissue engineering discipline in environmental stimuli, human senses interfaces and his grade? At manipulating genes level, and even working activate adult stem cell niches. External factors along the with PCR, HPLC and iPSC with its triggers and even stem cell are the focus of this investigation, e.g. it has genomics manipulations by CRISPR. And this paper tries already been proven that a specific nanotopography is a to be a first call for mechanical and chemical engineers to platform to induce differentiation control in stem cells. By invest in biosciences interfaces. nanotopography a stem cell can being induced to become a specific tissue. Through the control and listing these activation keys through mechanical engineering and logic, 2 . General Description about This we can create true artificial tissue factories in high Study precision innovative scaffolds geometries, with final objective new addictive manufacture and innovative This paper attempts to present bioscience from the architecture for biological circuits. standpoint of mechanical engineering for popularization and adoption as new issue and concepts through discussion, Keywords Biomanufacturing, iPSCs, Mechanical experiment and examples as a means of simplifying and Engineering, Nanotopography, Scaffolds, Tissue standardizing the use of these biosciences’ practices by Engineering other disciplines for the benefit of tissue engineering. Discuss the stem cell differentiation by interaction between Universal Journal of Mechanical Engineering 6(5): 102-113, 2018 103 tissues and external environment. Also, discussing about is defended in this study. Thus, there must be mechanical the communication system internal, superficial and engineering working with biochemistry, as well as the external by cells, and the high potential in mechanism of search for interfaces between computation and biological integrin and actomyosin. In a trial to connect mechanisms, for the generation of high-level technologies. interdisciplinarities with affinities and interfaces with the For the biological clusters assembly [14], complex natural iPSCs - (induced pluripotent stem cells), its connections control mechanisms such as those involved in with the environment and tissues as control keys. In the nanotopography, e.g. integrin, actomyosin, and other initial attempt to classify items with common affinities mechanism for superficial area uses. As well as knowledge between mechanical engineering and tissue engineering. of other triggers for nanotopography uses, such as a This complex matrix study resulted in the number of compatible understanding in biochemistry principles, and variables involved, trying to expose the practical the main mechanisms of induction and stem cells nutrition. applications. So that engineers from other fields, in addition to bioscience, can bring their contribution to this field of nanoscience. The importance of clearly listing and 3. Methods organizing the already known the stem cell activation mechanisms, so that they generate specialized tissues. The strategy to the idea in the method was to use HPLC Which it can range from a tooth to a specialized surface to separate the old DNA from the new fragments. After the area, such as the microvilli of the stomach. It is vital, to extraction and denaturation performed by liquid understanding the possible lack of control that occurs in chromatography for comparison between the newer genes. stem cells [4]. These stem cell activation keys can be a Then was searched for possible indices of outlier mutation chemical reaction, a synthesis, an enzyme, a nucleic acid, using math statistics. Also, analyzed the sequence, the specific nanotopography support for stem cells [2], a compared with standard sequencing tables, observing specific ideal condition of temperature, pressure or chromosomes 4 and 20, but was studied especially the physical chemical reactions, several other activation keys, MC1R pigeon gene. including malformation, and poor connections between vessels and cells. The stem cells keys or triggers start by: 3.1. Objectives Aimed for Investigation and progenitor pool, FGF-2, PDGF, EGF, followed by: Breakthroughs angiogenesis, osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, adipogenesis and myogenesis. Then, some known keys are listed as: The questions that this paper tries to answer consider the VEGF, BMP-2, Osx, PDGF, EGF. Wnts, Sox9, topics related to the identification means for programming N-Cadherin, PDGF, C/EBP, MRFs, MEF2. Finally, and reprogramming specialized cells by iPSCs in an resulting in: endothelial cells, Osteoblasts, Chondrocyte, automated way making analytical engineering uses and Adipocyte and Myocyte [1]. A discipline with infinite integrin interfaces by innovative engineered scaffolds variables, something ideal to be studied by data geometries for nanotopography. Also, the idea of intelligence, programming logic, and with this bioscience’s popularizing for other disciplines tissue engineering, and information and the analytical mechanical engineering can the classification of the main keys of activation specialized being reactivated and contribute immensely with the tissue stem cells. Through control by engineering means in the engineering. Important to consider the orderly, classified iPSCs of specialized cells for tissue engineering. and clear knowledge of these keys is a valuable tool for Comparisons of strange cases such as teratoma that is a tissue engineering. There is a diversification in the subjects germination disorder, something like there was no correct dealt with in this purposeful and necessary study. The main recording in genes, in addition to other cases in the objective is to understand this biological matrix about the understanding of the healthy development of stem cells. tissues ability to converse with the environment, thus Comparative studies on mechanical engineering, creating a complex interface between the nucleic acid logic programming logic and printer suggestions specific to each and the external environment as the main mechanism for case, using the building materials themselves as the provoking the evolution of species [10]. By activating keys scaffold use as a structural element and as a biological and triggers in both adult and new stem cells [15]. deposition printer at the same time. As well as the variables Biosciences to have this knowledge in a complete form, ordering by logic, for the mechanical control of organic and mechanical engineers who can design new CAD/CAM formations, in a scientific, mechanical and computational precision applications, as for bioink
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