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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduœd from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, pnnt bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a cornplete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyn0ght material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., rnaps, drawings, charts) are reproduœd by sedioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is induded in reduced form at the back of the bwk. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6^ x 9" black and white photographie prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. Bell & Howell Information and Leaming 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Ahor, MI 48106-1346 USA 8oO-Wl-06W THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF BASIC FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR IN MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION, ANGIOGENESIS, INVASION AND PROLIFERATION OF HUMAN GLIOMAS Stephen T. Gately, B.A. A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research, McGill University, in partial fulfillment of the requirementç for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department ,of Neurology and Neurosurgery McGill University Montreal, Canada Stephen T. Gately O 1997 National Library Bibliothèque nationale 191 of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada Your fi& Votre n5férenœ Our file Notre rëler6nce The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une Licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive pennettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or sel1 reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in rnicrofom, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fonne de microfiche/film, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriete du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substanîial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. ABSTRACT The role of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the malignant phenotype of human gliomas was examined in this dissertation. A bFGF ELISA, demonstrated to detect recombinant human bFGF protein, was used to quantitate bFGF protein in glioma tissue samples. Basic FGF protein was significantly elevated in low and high grade glioma tissues, suggesting increased bFGF expression could be an early event in the progression of gliomas. Because the tumor sections contained non-tumor elements, bFGF gene and protein expression were examined in established human glioma ceIl lines. Human glioma cells demonstrated extracellular release of bFGF and expression of higher molecular weight bFGF isoforms. Because secreted bFGF could be important in the malignant phenotype of gliomas, fibroblasts were stably transfected with an expression vector for a secreted bFGF. These cells were more invasive in vitro and in the brain. To confirm and extend these data, non-neoplastic human astrocytes were stably transfected with the bFGF secretion vector. These cells demonstrated features associated with rnalignant transformation, suggesting increased expression and extracellular release of bFGF could have transforming potential in human astrocytic cells. To determine if bFGF gene and protein expression were required for human glioma ce11 growth, bFGF-specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotides were tested. The antisense treated glioma cells demonstrated deaeased bFGF gene and protein expression and significantly deaeased proliferation. Taken together, the data suggests the potential importance of bFGF in glioma ce11 transformation and growth, and indicates anti-bFGF strategies could be useful in the management of glioma patients. Le but de cette thèse a été d'examiner le rôle du bFGF dans la phénotype malin des gliomes humaines. Le taux élevé de bFGF dans des tissus 5 basse et ii haute concentration gliomateuse, indiquant une expression accrue, est un des premiers énvéments dans le développement des gliomes. Les cellules humaines, contrairement aux astrocytes non-transformés, ont démontré une libération extra-cellulaire de bFGF et une expression d'isoformes bFGF d'un poids moléculaire plus éléve. Les fibroblastes transfectés de facon stable à l'aide d'un vecteur qui permet l'expression et la sécrétion du bFGF se sont avérés invasifs. Ceci semble indiquer que le bFGF joue un rôle déterminant dans le degré d'invasion du cerveau par les fibroblastes. La transfection stable d'astrocytes humains non-néoplastiques avec un de ces vecteurs entraîne leur transformation, ce qui suggère que le bFGF est un élément transformant des cellules gliales. L'inhibition de l'expression de bFGF par des oligodeoxynucléotides a inhibé la prolifération des cellules gliomateuses. On peut en déduire que la prolifération gliomateuse est bFGF dépendante. Ces données démontrent le rôle du bFGF dans la transformation et la prolifération des cellules gliomateuses et indiquent également que les stratégies anti-bFGF pourraient s'avérer très utiles pour le traitement de patients atteints de gliomes. PREFACE This thesis is written in the form of publications, except for the references that are Uted in the final section (Bibliography) of this dissertation. Chapters 114 are joined by linking pages to give continuity. This option is provided by Section 3 of the Guidelines Concerninp: Thesis Preparation: "Cnndidntes have the option of including, as part of the thesis, the text of one or more papers siibmitted or to be szrbmitted for publication, or the clearly- diiplicnted text of one or more published papers. These texts must be bo und as an integral part of the thesis. If this option is chosen, connecting texts that provide logical bridges betwee~z the different papers are mandntory. The thesis must be written in siich LI wny thnt if is more than a collection of manuscripts; in other words, reszilts of n series of papers mut be integrnted. The thesis rnlist still conform to al1 other reqziirements of the "Guidelines for Thesis Preparntion". The thesis mirst include: A Table of Contents, an abstract in English and French, an introdliction which clenrly states the rationale and objectives of the study, a review of the literntirre, a final conclrision and summary, and a thorolrgh bibliography or reference list. Additionnl materid must be provided where appropriate (eg. in appendices) and in szlficient detail to allow a clear and precise judgment to be made of the importance and originality of the research reported in the fhesis. In the case of rnanuscripts coauthored by the candidate and others, f he candidate is reqlrired tu make an explicit statement in the thesis as to w ho contribiited to srrch work and to what extent. Superoisors must attest tu the acciiracy of srich stntements at the doctortzl oral defense. Since the task of the examiners is made more difictilt in these cases, it is in the candidates interest to mnke perfectly clear the responsibilities of al1 authors of the CO-authored papers. /? Chapter I is a review of the literature on basic fibroblast growth factor and human brain tumors, providhg the fondation for the experiments desdbed in this dissertation. The important points and principal conclusions of this dissertation are summarized in Chapter VI. Publications: 1.) Gately, S., Tsanaclis, A.M.C., Takano, S., Klagsbnui, M., Brem, S. Cells transfected with the basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene fused to a signal sequence are invasive in vitro and in situ in the brain. Neurosurgery, 36: 780- 785,1995. (see Appendix 1). 2.) Gately, S., Soff, GA., Brem, S. The potential role of basic fibroblast growth factor in the transformation of cultured prirnary human fetal astrocytes and the proliferation of human gliorna (U-87) cells. Neursurgery, 32723-732,1995. (see Appendix 1). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1wish to express my sincere appreciation to my thesis supervisor, Cr. Steven Brem. It was a privilege and honor to train under Dr. Brem, an internationally recognized expert on brain tumor angiogenesis. Under his direction 1 had the opportunity to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the regdation of tumor angiogenesis and invasion, and to explore potential new and exciting therapeutic agents, that may someday prove to be beneficial in the management of human brain tumors. Outside of the laboratory, Dr. Brem was supportive and welcorned me as a member of his family. 1 am grateful for the professional and persona1 experiences I have shared with Dr. Brem; they have had a significant positive influence on my life, and 1will remain indebted to him for this. I would like to thank my CO-supervisor Dr. Jack Antel and the members of my comrnittee, Dr. Voon Wee Yong, and Dr. Josephine Nalbantaglu for helpful discussions and support. 1would also like to thank the department chairman, Dr. Daniel Guitton, for his patience and assistance, and Monique Ledermann for al1 her help and support. The majority of the experimental work was performed in the Brain Tumor Research Laboratory at the Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research. The author wishes to express his gratitude to the then director, Dr. Norman Kalant, and to Mrs.

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