DOCSLIB.ORG

Camera Phone Based Motion Sensing: Interaction Techniques, Applications and Performance Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Camera Phone Based Motion Sensing: Interaction Techniques, Applications and Performance Study Camera Phone Based Motion Sensing: Interaction Techniques, Applications and Performance Study Jingtao Wang♦ Shumin Zhai§ John Canny♦ ♦Computer Science Division §IBM Almaden Research Center UC Berkeley, 387 Soda Hall, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA, U.S.A. {jingtaow, jfc}@cs.berkeley.edu [email protected] ABSTRACT ability, but also imposes limitations on the interaction This paper presents TinyMotion, a pure software approach methods that can be used. While the computing and display for detecting a mobile phone user’s hand movement in real capabilities of mobile phones have increased significantly time by analyzing image sequences captured by the built-in in recent years, the input methods on phones largely remain camera. We present the design and implementation of Ti- button based. For basic voice functions, a button press nyMotion and several interactive applications based on based keypad is quite adequate. But mobile phones are TinyMotion. Through both an informal evaluation and a rapidly moving beyond voice calls into domains such as formal 17-participant user study, we found that 1. TinyMo- gaming, web browsing, personal information management, tion can detect camera movement reliably under most back- location services, and image and video browsing. Many of ground and illumination conditions. 2. Target acquisition these functions can greatly benefit from a usable analog tasks based on TinyMotion follow Fitts’ law and Fitts law input device. Mobile phones may take on even more com- parameters can be used for TinyMotion based pointing per- puting functions in the future if higher performance user formance measurement. 3. The users can use Vision Tilt- interfaces can be developed. We show in this paper that the Text, a TinyMotion enabled input method, to enter sen- built-in camera in mobile phones can be utilized as an input tences faster than MultiTap with a few minutes of practic- sensor enabling many types of user interactions. ing. 4. Using camera phone as a handwriting capture de- Various technologies have been proposed and tested to vice and performing large vocabulary, multilingual real improve interaction on mobile devices by enhancing ex- time handwriting recognition on the cell phone are feasible. pressiveness [11, 12, 18, 23, 24], or sensing contextual 5. TinyMotion based gaming is enjoyable and immediately features of the surrounding environment [12]. Accelerome- available for the current generation camera phones. We ters [12, 18, 23, 24], touch sensors [11, 12] and proximity also report user experiences and problems with TinyMotion sensors [12] have been used. While some of these tech- based interaction as resources for future design and devel- nologies may eventually make their way inside the phone, opment of mobile interfaces. they are rarely seen in phones today. ACM Classification: H5.2 [Information interfaces and presentation]: User Interfaces. - Graphical user interfaces; Input devices and strategies, Theory and methods General terms: Design, Human Factors, Performance Keywords: Input Techniques and Devices, Mobile Devices, Computer Vision, Mobile Phones, Camera Phones, Motion Estimation, Fitts’ Law, Human Performance, Handwriting Recognition, Gesture Recognition INTRODUCTION Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our daily life. Their compact form has the advantage of port- Figure 1: Using TinyMotion enabled applications Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for out-doors (left) and in-doors (right) personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies On the other hand, camera phones are already popular and bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, or pervasive. The global cell phone shipment in 2005 was 795 republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior spe- million units, 57% of which (about 455 million units) were cific permission and/or a fee. UIST’06, October 15–18, 2006, Montreux, Switzerland. camera phones. It is predicted that 85% of the mobile Copyright 2006 ACM 1-59593-313-1/06/0010...$5.00. phones will be camera phones by 2008 with a shipment of 800 million units [21]. 101 We have developed a technique called TinyMotion (figure implicit biometric information. Specifically with regard to 1) for camera phones. TinyMotion detects the movements navigation, Rekimoto [18] used tilt input for navigating of a cell phone in real time by analyzing image sequences menus, maps, and 3-D scenes, and Harrison et al. [11] and captured by its built-in camera. Typical movements that Hinckley et al. [12] have used tilt for scrolling through TinyMotion detects include horizontal and vertical move- documents and lists. Peephole Displays [25] explored the ments, rotational movements and tilt movements. In con- pen interactions on spatially aware displays on a PDA. Ear- trast to earlier work, TinyMotion does not require addi- lier before the current generation of phones and PDAs, tional sensors, special scenes or backgrounds. A key con- Fitzmaurice et al. [5] explored spatially aware ‘Palmtop tribution of the paper is an experimental validation of the VR’ on a miniature handheld TV monitor. approach on a wide variety of background scenes, and a Computer Vision in Interactive Systems quantitative performance study of TinyMotion on standard Considering the amount of information captured by human target acquisition tasks and in real world applications. eyes, using computer vision in interactive systems has long RELATED WORK been a popular topic [7]. Much previous research in this Related work fall into three categories: emerging camera category covers multimodal interaction [6], gesture recog- phone applications, new interaction techniques for mobile nition, face tracking, body tracking [17] etc. There are also devices and computer vision based interaction systems. numerous systems that map certain types of user’s move- ments, for example, body, gesture, finger, face, and mouth Emerging Camera Phone Applications Inspired by the success of CyberCode[19] from SONY, movements into computer inputs. Please refer to [6, 17], several researchers[20] and companies have designed cus- which include some extensive survey in the related direc- tomized 2D barcodes that can be recognized easily by cam- tions, and [7] for some commonly used basic algorithms. era phones. Most of these systems measure the size, posi- However, most of those applications are built on powerful tion and angle of the barcode relative to the camera’s opti- desktop computers in controlled lab environments. cal axis, which can be used to infer the camera’s 3D posi- THE TINYMOTION ALGORITHM tion relative to the barcode, and provide an alternative spa- Computer vision techniques such as edge detection [9], tial input channel. SemaCode (http://semacode.org) is posi- region detection [7] and optical flow [13] can be used for tioned as a general purpose tagging solution, Spot- motion sensing. Ballagas et al [1] had implemented an opti- Code(a.k.a. ShotCode) has a feature that maps 2D bar cal flow based interaction method - “sweep” on camera codes to online URLs. On top of their barcode system Vis- phones. However, optical flow [13] is a gradient based ual Codes [20] have also built UI widgets to achieve desk- approach and it uses local gradient information and the top-level interaction metaphors. Visual Codes is also used assumption that the brightness pattern varies smoothly to to manipulate objects on large public displays interactively detect a dense motion field with vectors at each pixel. Due [1]. to the additional assumptions on gradient distribution and Hansen and colleagues [4] proposed the idea of a “mixed the smoothness of illumination, they are usually less robust interaction space” to augment camera phone interaction. than direct methods based on correlation or image differ- Their method relies on camera imaging of a light uniform ence. The latter are used in optical mice, video codecs etc, background with a circular marker. This image needs to be and we follow suit. TinyMotion has used both image differ- laid out on a suitable flat surface. 2D bar codes [1], Or- encing and correlation of blocks [8, 14] for motion estima- thogonal axis tags [16], high gradient still objects [3] and tion. human faces can all be used as markers to facilitate the The TinyMotion algorithm consists of four major steps: 1. tracking task. In contrast, TinyMotion provides general Color space conversion. 2. Grid sampling. 3. Motion esti- motion sensing from whatever scene the camera is pointed mation. 4. Post processing. All of these steps are realized at, near or far. efficiently by integer only operations. If we make assumptions on the texture/gradient distribution To use TinyMotion, the camera is set in preview mode, of surrounding environments, other vision based approach capturing color images at a resolution of 176x112 pixels, such as Projection Shift Analysis [2] or gradient feature at a rate of 12 frames/sec1. matching [9] could also provide real time motion detection Color Space Conversion on mobile devices. However, these approaches will fail After a captured image arrives, we use a bit shifting when these strong assumptions do not hold. E.g., image method (equation 2, an arithmetic approximation of equa- projection based approach won’t work on background with tion 1) to convert the 24-bit RGB color (20 effective bits in repeating patterns [2]. Many everyday backgrounds with each pixel for our specific camera phone used) to an 8-bit less gradient, e.g. floors, carpets and the sky, will make gray scale image. gradient feature detection infeasible. New Interaction Techniques for Mobile Devices Previous work has proposed many compelling interaction 1 Without displaying the captured image and additional computa- techniques based on physical manipulation of a small tion, the camera phones in our experiments can capture images screen device, including contact, pressure, tilt, motion and at the maximal rate of 15.2 frames/sec.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A History of Video Game Consoles Introduction the First Generation
    A History of Video Game Consoles By Terry Amick – Gerald Long – James Schell – Gregory Shehan Introduction Today video games are a multibillion dollar industry. They are in practically all American households. They are a major driving force in electronic innovation and development. Though, you would hardly guess this from their modest beginning. The first video games were played on mainframe computers in the 1950s through the 1960s (Winter, n.d.). Arcade games would be the first glimpse for the general public of video games. Magnavox would produce the first home video game console featuring the popular arcade game Pong for the 1972 Christmas Season, released as Tele-Games Pong (Ellis, n.d.). The First Generation Magnavox Odyssey Rushed into production the original game did not even have a microprocessor. Games were selected by using toggle switches. At first sales were poor because people mistakenly believed you needed a Magnavox TV to play the game (GameSpy, n.d., para. 11). By 1975 annual sales had reached 300,000 units (Gamester81, 2012). Other manufacturers copied Pong and began producing their own game consoles, which promptly got them sued for copyright infringement (Barton, & Loguidice, n.d.). The Second Generation Atari 2600 Atari released the 2600 in 1977. Although not the first, the Atari 2600 popularized the use of a microprocessor and game cartridges in video game consoles. The original device had an 8-bit 1.19MHz 6507 microprocessor (“The Atari”, n.d.), two joy sticks, a paddle controller, and two game cartridges. Combat and Pac Man were included with the console. In 2007 the Atari 2600 was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame (“National Toy”, n.d.).
    [Show full text]
  • Virtual Reality Controllers
    Evaluation of Low Cost Controllers for Mobile Based Virtual Reality Headsets By Summer Lindsey Bachelor of Arts Psychology Florida Institute of Technology May 2015 A thesis Submitted to the College of Aeronautics at Florida Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Aviation Human Factors Melbourne, Florida April 2017 © Copyright 2017 Summer Lindsey All Rights Reserved The author grants permission to make single copies. _________________________________ The undersigned committee, having examined the attached thesis " Evaluation of Low Cost Controllers for Mobile Based Virtual Reality Headsets," by Summer Lindsey hereby indicates its unanimous approval. _________________________________ Deborah Carstens, Ph.D. Professor and Graduate Program Chair College of Aeronautics Major Advisor _________________________________ Meredith Carroll, Ph.D. Associate Professor College of Aeronautics Committee Member _________________________________ Neil Ganey, Ph.D. Human Factors Engineer Northrop Grumman Committee Member _________________________________ Christian Sonnenberg, Ph.D. Assistant Professor and Assistant Dean College of Business Committee Member _________________________________ Korhan Oyman, Ph.D. Dean and Professor College of Aeronautics Abstract Title: Evaluation of Low Cost Controllers for Mobile Based Virtual Reality Headsets Author: Summer Lindsey Major Advisor: Dr. Deborah Carstens Virtual Reality (VR) is no longer just for training purposes. The consumer VR market has become a large part of the VR world and is growing at a rapid pace. In spite of this growth, there is no standard controller for VR. This study evaluated three different controllers: a gamepad, the Leap Motion, and a touchpad as means of interacting with a virtual environment (VE). There were 23 participants that performed a matching task while wearing a Samsung Gear VR mobile based VR headset.
    [Show full text]
  • Scuf Vantage Manual.Pdf
    WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF SCUF ABOUT SCUF GAMING Thank you for purchasing a SCUF. Without the support of SCUF Gaming® created the market for high-performance gaming gamers like you, we wouldn’t be able to dedicate ourselves controllers and accessories that increase hand use and improve to our passion – creating the purest connection between gameplay for console and PC. you and the game. SCUF pioneered many innovative SCUF serves competitive and casual Every aspect of this controller has been meticulously features for controllers, covering four gamers who recognize that one size does designed to improve performance, comfort, and maximize key areas that include: the back control not fit all which is why top professional functions and handles, the trigger control gamers use SCUF controllers. mechanisms, the thumbstick control hand use. Built without compromise, Vantage has over SCUF Gaming is the official controller area and the side-mounted configurable partner of most major gaming leagues, 15 unique SCUF features created to accelerate gameplay, Sax button placements. and one of the historic partners of the saving game-changing milliseconds. console esports ecosystem. Taking the innovations SCUF is known for one step further, Vantage delivers exceptional speed, perfect fit, unrivaled precision, and even more customization for gamers to become victorious. 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS WHAT'S IN THE BOX WELCOME 02 ADDITIONAL FEATURES 20 — SCUF Vantage Controller — Interchangeable Faceplate — SCUF Vantage Protection Case TABLE OF CONTENTS 04 — Removable
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Manual
    9 WEBSITE: WWW.EXTREMEHOMEARCADES.COM; EMAIL: [email protected] OPERATION MANUAL Last Updated: 9/12/2021 Extreme Home Arcades – Operation Manual - 1 | Page EXTREME HOME ARCADES OPERATION MANUAL QUICK START GUIDE This Quick Start Guide is for fast learners, and customers who do not like user’s manuals and just want to dive in)! To receive your machine from the shipping company, unpack it, and move it into your residence, please see those sections later in this manual. This Quick Start Guide presumes you have your machine in a safe location, have plugged it in and the machine has electrical power. 1. Turning On Your Machine: • Uprights (MegaCade, Classic, Stealth) – The power button is located on top of the machine (upper left or right top of machine). It is a standard arcade push button (typically black). Push it, and it will turn on your machine. • Tabletops – The power button is located on the back center portion of the cabinet. • Pedestals – The power button is located on the back of the machine, near the center of the pedestal cabinet, opposite the HDMI port. 2. Loading a Game: • After you turn on your machine, an introduction video will automatically load. To skip the introduction video, push any button or push any position on any joystick on the machine. You will be at the Main Hyperspin Wheel. a. You can move down the HyperSpin wheel by pressing the Player 1 or Player 2 Joystick down (towards your body). Alternatively, you can move up the HyperSpin wheel by pressing the Player 1 or Player 2 Joystick up (away from your body).
    [Show full text]
  • ECS 89 Announcements Assignment: a Game. Any Game. Objects
    Announcements Next assignment due Tu June 3 Final in this room, Wds June 11, 8AM ECS 89 Agenda for today: Assignment Objects DOM events Animation loop Theme: functions in Javascript are objects 5/28 Assignment: A game. Any game. Objects What could we do with this? Creator function sets attributes. Python “self” Javascript “this” // creator function for object function Paddle(halfWidth) { this.x = 200; this.halfWidth = halfWidth; this.hot = false; …. Methods Note: function has no name A method is just an object attribute that happens to this.draw = function() { be a function. ….. “this.draw” is an attribute of canvas; it contains a function-object // a method this.draw = function() { The function itself has no name if (this.hot) { ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(255, 255, 100)"; } It is certainly possible to put a function with a name else { ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(170, 215, 130)"; } into an attribute; we’ve seen that in HTML: ctx.fillRect(this.x-this.halfWidth, 400-20, this.halfWidth*2, 10); <button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button> } Two methods to change the color DOM events // another method - called when mouse is pressed We have already seen one kind of DOM event: this.beHot = function(e) { this.hot = true; <button type="button" onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button> } Interaction with mouse clicks, motion, keyboard clicks // another method - called when mouse is released can be associated with any DOM element. this.beCool = function(e) { For the game, we associate them with the canvas. this.hot = false; The DOM element is an object (eg. canvas); these } attributes of the object are functions that are called when the event happens.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Cost Positional Tracking for Virtual Reality Applications
    LOW-COST POSITIONAL TRACKING FOR VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS A Degree Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Escola Tècnica d'Enginyeria de Telecomunicació de Barcelona Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya by Enric Moreu In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in AUDIOVISUAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Advisor: Joan Llobera, Josep R. Casas Pla Barcelona, February 2018 Abstract The aim of the project is the implementation of a tracking system able to follow a ping-pong paddle and represent it precisely, and in real-time in a virtual reality environment. The data is obtained by several optical sensors and an inertial motion unit attached to the racket. Finally, to demonstrate the accuracy and immersion of the system, a virtual ping-pong game is implemented. 1 Resum L'objectiu del projecte és la implementació d'un sistema de seguiment capaç de seguir una pala de ping-pong i representar-la amb precisió, i en temps real, en un entorn de realitat virtual. Les dades són obtingudes per diversos sensors òptics i una unitat de moviment inercial units a la raqueta. Finalment, per demostrar la precisió i la immersió del sistema, s’implementa un joc de ping-pong virtual. 2 Resumen El objetivo del proyecto es la implementación de un sistema de seguimiento capaz de seguir una pala de ping-pong y representarlo con precisión, y en tiempo real en un entorno de realidad virtual. Los datos se obtienen mediante varios sensores ópticos y una unidad de movimiento inercial conectados a la raqueta. Finalmente, para demostrar la precisión e inmersión del sistema, se implementa un juego virtual de ping-pong.
    [Show full text]
  • User's Manual
    BLUETOOTH WIRELESS ATARI RETRO JOYSTICK AND PADDLE ADAPTER Bluetooth Wireless Atari Retro Joystick and Paddle Adapter User’s Manual 1 | Page BLUETOOTH WIRELESS ATARI RETRO JOYSTICK AND PADDLE ADAPTER Safety Instructions Always read the safety instructions carefully: Keep this User’s Manual for future reference. Keep this equipment away from humidity. If any of the following situation arises, get the equipment checked by a service technician: o The equipment has been exposed to moisture. o The equipment has been dropped and damaged. o The equipment has obvious sign of breakage. o The equipment has not been working well or you cannot get it work according to User’s Manual. Copyright Statement No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form by any means without the prior written permission. Other trademarks or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Disclaimer Information in this document is subject to change without notice. The manufacturer does not make any representations or warranties (implied or otherwise) regarding the accuracy and completeness of this document and shall in no event be liable for any loss of profit or any commercial damage, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damage. 2 | Page BLUETOOTH WIRELESS ATARI RETRO JOYSTICK AND PADDLE ADAPTER Introduction This adapter allows you to connect 2 Atari Joysticks or 2 Paddles and pair the device to your PC or phone. Your system will recognize your Atari joysticks and paddles as standard game pads ready for you to use with your emulators and games. Extra shared button on the device will show up as buttons on the PC game pad and they can be mapped to other capabilities in your emulator.
    [Show full text]
  • Ch-Complete Catalog 2011
    CH Products INDUSTRY LEADER CH Products is a leading manufacturer of industrial joysticks and hall effect control devices including fingertip joysticks, industrial trackballs and handgrip controllers. Joysticks from CH Products are used around the globe in many applications including: camera controls, medical instrumentation, agricultural vehicles, mining machinery, military robots, industrial automation, electric wheelchairs, and material handling equipment. Manufacturing Excellence CH Products’ joysticks are produced in a vertically integrated operation with injection molding, screw machining and final assembly performed in over 100,000 square feet of manufacturing space in two facilities: in Vista, California and in Winchester, England in the UK. Design Innovation CH Products is a pioneer in the joystick industry and one of the first manufacturers to incorporate Hall effect sensing into motion control devices. Our American and European design teams use state of the art design tools to develop innovative products for demanding applications. Our electrical, mechanical and industrial engineers use advanced software programs including: Solid Works 3D modeling, AUTOCAD, Mastercam, Cadence OrCAD and Moldflow, all designed to help produce reliable and cost effective products that will meet stringent design requirements. Product Reliability Product quality is a constant commitment at CH Products. From design concept through production build, every detail of a product is analyzed to ensure that customers’ expectations are met. Both facilities have quality systems certified to ISO9001:2008 and a strong commitment to continuous improvement. CH Products is a member of the APEM Group. APEM is a global manufacturer of human-machine interface products with 13 manufacturing facilities on 4 continents. APEM was a pioneer in the design of electro- mechanical switches and has been manufacturing switches and switch panel products since 1952.
    [Show full text]
  • Instruction Manual Model No: Ar3220
    INSTRUCTION MANUAL MODEL NO: AR3220 AtGames Digital Media, Inc. www.atgames.net IMPORTANT: READ BEFORE USE In very rare circumstances, some people may experience epileptic seizures when viewing flashing lights or patterns in our everyday life. Flashing lights and patterns are also common to almost any video game. Please consult your physician before playing ANY video game if you have had an epileptic condition or seizure OR if you experience any of the following while playing - Altered vision, eye or muscle twitching, mental confusion or disorientation, loss of awareness of the surroundings or involuntary movements. It is advised to take a 20-minute rest after 1 hour of continuous play. Classic Game Console Appearance and Key List The image below shows the location of the connectors and buttons. Each function is outlined below (the illustration is for reference only). 1 2 8 9 3 4 5 6 7 1 Power 6 Left Player Game Controller Jack Turn the game console’s power Game controller connected to this ON/OFF. jack controls games in 1-player games and controls the first player 2 START (Original RESET Button) in 2-player games. Note that some Press this button to begin or 2-player games alternate use of the reset most games. left player. 3 Difficulty Button - Left Player 7 Right Player Game Controller Jack Press this button to switch Game controller connected to this between one of two difficulty jack controls the second player in levels in most games. 2-player games. 4 Difficulty Button - Right Player 8 AC Adaptor Jack (DC 5V) Press this button to switch The power adaptor plugs into this between one of two difficulty port, then into your AC outlet.
    [Show full text]
  • Playing ICBM Attack Using the MESS Astrocade Emulator
    Playing ICBM Attack Using the MESS Astrocade Emulator By Paul Thacker and Adam Trionfo December 28, 2010 Who Can Play ICBM Attack on Real Hardware? Nobody! ICBM Attack by Spectre Systems is a third-party game for the Bally Arcade / Astrocade game console. This Missile Command-type game was released in 1982. It is one of the most difficult cartridges to find for the Astrocade system because only about 125 of the games were made. Besides being extremely rare, there is something else that sets ICBM Attack apart from the rest of the other Astrocade cartridges. The game does not use the regular Astrocade The ICBM Attack Cartridge "hand controller" that every other cartridge game uses. Each ICBM Attack cartridge came with an analog controller that is absolutely required to play the game. Several of these cartridges have popped up over the years and are in the hands of collectors, but there is only one known instance of anyone owning the controller. Therefore, if anyone wants to play this game (and you should, as it's one of the Astrocade's best games), then ICBM Attack must be played using an emulator. Starting ICBM Attack When starting ICBM Attack on a real Bally / Astrocade console the player will be greeted by a Spectre ICBM Attack Handle A Regular Astrocade black screen when the game "Hand Controller" is first turned on. In order to start the game the player must press the Reset button, after which ICBM Attack's title screen is displayed. When ICBM Attack is played using the MESS emulator the same thing occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Multiplayer Game: User Identity and the Meaning Of
    THE MULTIPLAYER GAME: USER IDENTITY AND THE MEANING OF HOME VIDEO GAMES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1972-1994 by Kevin Donald Impellizeri A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Fall 2019 Copyright 2019 Kevin Donald Impellizeri All Rights Reserved THE MULTIPLAYER GAME: USER IDENTITY AND THE MEANING OF HOME VIDEO GAMES IN THE UNITED STATES, 1972-1994 by Kevin Donald Impellizeri Approved: ______________________________________________________ Alison M. Parker, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of History Approved: ______________________________________________________ John A. Pelesko, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: ______________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education and Dean of the Graduate College I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Katherine C. Grier, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation. I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Arwen P. Mohun, Ph.D. Member of dissertation committee I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: ______________________________________________________ Jonathan Russ, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Operation Manual
    OPERATION MANUAL 1 | Page 2 | Page Quick Start Guide A cheat sheet for fast learners (and customers who don’t like to read user manuals and just DIVE in! ) Turn Your Machine ON: Uprights: Power Button is located on Top of Machine (upper left or right top of machine) Arcade Pushbutton Table Tops: Power Button is located on back center portion of cabinet Arcade Pushbutton Pedestals: Power Button is located on back of machine near the center of the pedestal opposite the HDMI Port. 1. Load up any Arcade Game in ARCADE CLASSICS (first icon on the Main Wheel) by pressing Player 1’s START Button (white or black man icon on button) 2. Wait for Game To Load… When Attract Screen is visible then… 3. Credit the game – Press your Credit Button or Push and HOLD Player 1’s START button and then Push Player 1’s FIRST BUTTON (upper left closest to joystick) 4. Press 1 or 2 (or 3 or 4) Player Start Button to start a 1 or 2 Player Game (or 3 or 4 player) NOTE: You can also credit any coin op game by pressing and holding PLAYER 2’s START Button and then pressing Player 2’s First Button (or player 3 or player 4 for 4 player machines) Exit Any Game and System By Pushing and HOLDING Player 1’s START BUTTON THEN push player 2’s START BUTTON, this will return you to the main wheel… 3 | Page New Windows 10 x64 Operating System (Ships out in all Machines starting Dec 2019) NEW FEATURES: New Search Feature “HyperSearch” Added New Desktop created and easier backend navigation New Games and Systems Added Easy Auto Drive Registration Added Easy Access to “Rocketlauncher” and Hyper HQ on Start Bar New Shortcut Button/Joystick Function Added: To Get into the Backend (Win 10 x64 operating system): Press and HOLD Player 1’s START Button and then Press Player 2’s Joystick UP, this is like pushing the “Windows” key on a Keyboard and it will bring up the “START Bar Menu” at the bottom of the screen.
    [Show full text]