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Wood Energy: Definition, Objectives and Challenges in South East Europe

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Wood Energy: Definition, Objectives and Challenges in South East Europe Wood energy: definition, objectives and challenges in South East Europe Prof. Dr Branko Glavonjic, University of Belgrade Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 CONTENT Primary energy production in SEE countries: current situation and RES participation Potentials of the South East European countries for the production of energy-generating products based on wood biomass Market of wood based energy-generating products in the selected SEE countries – current situation Wood energy:objectives and challenges in SEE countries Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 Surveying countries Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Macedonia Montenegro Serbia Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 I. Primary energy production in SEE countries: current situation and RES participation Hydro Serbia, 2008. power Hydro Other Macedonia, 2008. Natural 9% Natural power 8% Gas Gas 3% 2% 3% Coal Oil Coal 52% 8% 79% RES Oil 2% 28% RES 6% Ist group Hydro Bosnia and Herzegovina, power 9% 2006. Natural Coal Gas 60% 6% Oil RES 22% 3% Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 I. Primary energy production in SEE countries: current situation and RES participation RES Oil Croatia, Hydro Coal RES 8% 19% power 1% 20% Albania, 2007. 2007. 24% Hydro power Natural 22% Gas 2% Natural gas 51% Oil 53% IInd group Montenegro, 2004. Coal 32% RES 5% Other 1% Hydro power 62% Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 II. Potentials of the South East European countries for the production of energy-generating products based on woody biomass Forestry Data for the SEE Countries Growing Forest area Ownership Biomass Stock Country % of Per total Public Private hectare (million Million 1000 ha land (%) (%) (tonnes/ tonnes) m3 area ha) Albania 1,044 36.3 99.1 0.9 129.7 135 78 Bosnia and Hercegovina 2,709 53.0 81.0 19.0 160.6 435 391 Croatia 2,689 47.0 78.4 21.6 179.9 484 398 Macedonia 906 35.8 78 22 45.3 41 63 Montenegro 710 51.0 67.3 32.7 27.8 20 72 Serbia* 2,252 29.1 53 47 87.9 198 362.5 Total SEE (6) 10,310 / / / / 1,313 1,364.5 TOTAL EUROPE 1,001, 394 44.3 87.7 87, 509 106,276 * Without Kosovo Sources: State of the Worlds Forests 2007., FAO, Ministry of Environmental, Forestry and Water Administration of Albania, Ministry of Agricultural, Forestry and Water Management of Montenegro, USIT Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia forests, Ministry of Agricultural, Forestry and Water Management of Serbia Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 ALBANIA Potential sustainable production of wood and wood residue in Albania intended for energy production on annual level Logging and Residue Fuelwood wood Total amount of from [m3/annually] processing wood biomass for forest residue energy spacing [m3/annually] Total potential production [m3] 319 388*** 645 749* 35 000 1 000 137 Potential annual energy [toe] 68 545 100 788 3 821 173 154 production from wood 2.87 7.25 biomass [PJ]** 4.22 0.16 (17.97***) (22.35***) * 53% from forest logging, 31.9% primary sawn and 15.1% from final wood processing ** 1 milion m3 solid wood= 7.19 PJ (40% m.c); 1toe=41.87x10-6 PJ *** including estimation 2 million m3 of fuelwood (officially+illegal logging) Source: Dr. Elvin Toromani, Agricultural University of Tirana-Albania/Faculty of Forestry Sciences: The biggest part of fuelwood is used in rural areas where about 400,000 families live, which is 55% of the population in Albania (3.1 million). Fuelwood comprise 45% of total energy demand, while today only fuelwood for heating comprise 36% of total energy demand (EESDC, 2008). Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Potential sustainable production of wood and wood residue in Bosnia and Herzegovina intended for energy production on annual level Total amount of Fuelwood Logging and wood wood biomass for processing residue energy Total potential production [m3]/annualy 1,464,706 * 1,740,649 3 205 355 Potential annual energy [toe] 314 306 242 417 556 723 production from wood 13.16* 23.31 biomass [PJ]** 10.15 (31.13)*** (41.28)*** *illegal logging is not included ** 1 milion m3 solid wood= 7.19 PJ (40% m.c); 1toe=41.87x10-6 PJ *** including estimation 3.46 million m3 of fuelwood (officially+illegal logging) Source: Petar M.Gvero, Ph.D.,M.Sc. Assistant Professor, 2007. So far only 17 PJ/annually of biomass has been used, mostly as fuelwood and briquettes for heating in households. Unused wood potential is estimated at about 1 million m3 of wood residue annually, which can be used for heating 130 000 flats or 300 000 citizens Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 CROATIA Potential sustainable production of wood and wood residue in Croatia intended for energy production on annual level Bark and wood Fuelwood Residue Total amount of processing [m3/annually] from wood biomass for residue forest energy [m3/annually] Total potential production [m3] 2,100,000 1,700,000* 700,928 4 500 928 Potential annual energy [toe] 450 686 249 104 75 233 775 023 production from wood biomass [PJ]** 18.87 10.43 3.15 32.45 * 207,306 m3 is bark, ** 1 milion m3 solid wood= 7.19 PJ (40% m.c); 1toe=41.87x10-6 PJ Sources: Dalibor Salopek dipl. ing., 2007. Strategija korištenja šumske biomase Hrvatske u proizvodnji energenata; Croatia forests; Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 CROATIA Heating plants Croatia forests: GOSPIĆ - 1 MW - 2005. OGULIN – 1 MW – 1995. Current installed capacities and production of heating energy from biomass in Croatia is 512 MW (only industrial heating plants) and 16,230 TJ (in total, including fuelwood for heating in households). Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 CROATIA Heating plants using WOOD RESIDUE in Croatia Oak INSTALLED POWER [MW] 6,0 6,5 6,0 16,0 12,0 4,0 HEATING ENERGY PRODUCTION [MWh/annually] 53.000 22.920 21.000 61.000 20.000 14.000 BIOMASS CONSUMPTION - OWN 16.000 [t/annually] (bark) 12.000 11.000 20.000 10.000 5.000 Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 CROATIA: projection of energy consumption by energy shape Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 MACEDONIA Potential sustainable production of wood and wood residue in Macedonia intended for energy production on annual level Wood Fuelwood Residue Total amount of processing [m3/annually] from wood biomass for residue forest energy [m3/annually] Total potential production [m3] 650 000 56 800* 37 000 743 800 Potential annual energy [toe] 139 479 8 837 4 060 152 376 production from wood biomass [PJ]** 5.84 0.37 0.17 6.38 ** 1 milion m3 solid wood= 7.19 PJ (40% m.c); 1toe=41.87x10-6 PJ Sources: FAO; Country report of Macedonia; Energy Balance od Macedonia. Pursuant to the classification of primary energy sources done by the Macedonian State Energy Balance (SEB), about 800,000 m3 of wood annually ensures about 2660 GWh of energy on annual level. It is 8.9% of the total primary energy sources in Macedonia. Calculations based on the information provided estimate that wood waste from forests can substitute approximately 58.000 tons of heavy fuel oil. Out of this potential about 18.000 tons of heavy fuel oil could be substituted from wood waste from wood processing industry and saw mills. Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 MONTENEGRO Potential sustainable production of wood and wood residue in Montenegro intended for energy production on annual level Fuelwood + Logging and residue wood Total amount of from forest processing wood biomass for [m3/annuall residue energy y] [m3/annually] Total potential production [m3] 301 684 102 600* 404 284 Potential annual energy [toe] 64 724 16 002 80 726 production from wood biomass [PJ]** 2.71 0.67 3,38 ** 1 milion m3 solid wood= 7.19 PJ (40% m.c); 1toe=41.87x10-6 PJ Source: Studija izvodljivosti o komercijalnom korišćenju drvnog ostatka kao resursa za ekonomski razvoj na sjeveru Crne Gore; Ministry of Agricultural, Forestry and Water Management Wood is traditionally used for heating mostly in households and less in public and commercial sector. According to the projection of final energy consumption, decrease of the participation of fuelwood and biomass and slight increase of the participation of other renewable energy sources is expected. Workshop on “Policy options for wood energy”, Dubrovnik 17 - 20 November 2009 SERBIA Potential sustainable production of wood and wood residue in Serbia intended for energy production on annual level Wood Logging, Total amount Fuelwood processing residue from of wood [m3/annually] residue forest and biomass for [m3/annually] outside forests energy Total potential production [m3] 5 521 380 645 500 560 100 6 726 980 Potential annual energy [Mtoe] 1.18 0.10 0.06 1.34 production from wood biomass [PJ]** 49.62 4.22 2.52 56.36 ** 1 milion m3 solid wood= 7.19 PJ (40% m.c); 1toe=41.87x10-6 PJ Source: TCP/FAO project Since the consumption of final energy in Serbia in 2008 was 8.516 Mtoe, the participation of energy obtained from wood based energy-generating products (1.17 Mtoe) was 13.7%.
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