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Las Especies Del Género Alpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae) De Cuba

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Las Especies Del Género Alpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae) De Cuba Rev. Biol.Trop.,44(3y45(I): 401-429, 1996-1997 Las especies del género Alpheus (Decapoda: Alpheidae) de Cuba Juan Carlos Martínez-Iglesias', Ruhén Ríos- y Alberto Carvacho' ' Instituto de Oceanología, Ave. I', H" 18406, Playa, La Habana, Cuba. = CICESE, Apartado 2732, Ensenada, B.C., México. ' Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile. (Rec. 7-V11-1995. Rev. 1 l-Xli-1995. Acep, 11-Í1I-1996Í Abstract: Eighteen species of Alpheus have been recorded from Cuban marine shallovif watersi A. amblyonyx, A. nrmillalux. A. hahamensia, A. ckacei, A. crisiuiifroti.s. A. cyUndrkus, A. esíuariensis, A. floridanus, A. formosus, A. tiormanni, A. pareicrinitus, A. peaxei, A. polyatictus, A. thomaxi, A. viridari. and A. websteri. A .spccici not ,seen but describcd from Cuban waters, A. caiidei, is included, as well as other six spccics which probably inhabit tbe Cuban shelf: A. heterochaelix, A. ímmacuhíus. A. mtrinsecus, A. maüealar, A. nuttingi, A. schmilti. A key and figures are prc- sen(e<J for all species another species still under study - is assigned to genus Alpheus. Key words: Systematics, decapod, Alpheus, marine shelf, Cuba, key, taxonomy. La fauna de camarones de las Antillas, de sinónimos para Alpheus, los que, sumados a enorme riqueza y diversidad, ha sido abordada más de 30 modificaciones ortográficas, da co­ en numerosas publicaciones. El trabajo más mo resultado cerca de 50 formas distintas para completo es el de Chace (1972) sobre los cari- designar a este género. De entre ellos merece déos de todas las Antillas. Varios autores han destacarse Crangon, utilizado por Albert Ban- hecho aportes valiosos para algunas zonas en ner en 1953 para su monografía sobre los particular: Lcmaítre (1984) en Bahamas; Hen- "Crangonidae" (=Alpheidae) de Hawaii, que drix (1971) y Abele y Kim (1986) en Florida; fuera punto de partida de una serie de trabajos, Markham y McDemnott (1981) en Bermudas; hoy clásicos, sobre los Alfeidos de Polinesia y Carvacho (1979, 1982) en Guadalupe y Marti­ del Indo-Pacífico, El nombre Crangonidae fue nica; Rodríguez (1980) en Venezuela; Schmitt empleado también por Waldo Schmitt en algu­ en las Antillas Holandesas (1924a y 1936), nos de sus trabajos del Caribe. Puerto Rico (1935), Barbados (1924b) etc. El objetivo de este trabajo es ofrecer una re­ Otros trabajos realizados fuera de la región an­ lación actualizada de las especies del género tillana aportan información adiciona!: Crosnier Alpheus que habitan en las aguas de Cuba, así y Forcst (1966), en el Atlántico tropical africa­ como consignar información sobre la distribu­ no; Christoffersen (1979) en e! Atlántico occi­ ción geográfica, habitat y otras notas de interés dental sudamericano y Williams (1984) en la derivadas tanto de nuestra investigación como costa oriental de ios Estados Unidos. de una extensa revisión bibliográfica. El genero Alpheus, conocido desde la anti­ güedad, está formado por una gran cantidad de especies y tiene una distribución donde es ciara MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS su preferencia por aguas tropicales. La cantidad de literatura taxonómica dedicada a este género El material examinado en este estudio forma es tan numerosa que Holthuis (1993) señala 12 parte de las colecciones del Instituto de Ocea- 402 REVISTA DE BIOLOGÍA TROPICAL nología del Ministerio de Ciencias, Tecnología Las referencias señaladas para cada especie y Medio Ambiente de Cuba y del Centro de In­ no son exhaustivas y han sido seleccionadas vestigaciones Marinas de la Universidad de La por su valor y/o por la accesibilidad de las pu­ Habana. blicaciones a los investigadores de la región. Se incluyen figuras de las especies, un mapa En la lista de especies no colectadas en Cuba, de las localidades de la plataforma marina de pero cuya presencia no puede desestimarse, se Cuba en que se encontraron y una clave de las ha escogido sólo una referencia. especies mencionadas en esta contribución. Se utilizan en el texto los siguientes símbo­ Alpheus sp,, que se encuentra en estudio, sólo los y abreviaturas: ma, machos; he, hembras; se menciona a nivel genérico. La clave de iden­ hov, hembras ovígeras; AJG, arrecife Juan Gar­ tificación incluye, además de las especies estu­ cía; ACC, arrecife Cayo Cantiles; ADP, arreci­ diadas en este trabajo, algunas otras que, por su fe Diego Pérez (Golfo de Batabanó, SW de Cu­ distribución geográfica en la región pudieran ba); ASC, archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey. estar presentes en aguas cubanas En la Fig. 1 se señala la distribución geográ­ Las tallas corresponden a la longitud del ca­ fica, dentro de Cuba, del material estudiado en parazón, medido por la línea media dorsal des­ esta ocasión. de la punta del rostro hasta el borde posterior. Esta es la tercera contribución del proyecto En cada especie se señalan las tallas máximas "Sistemática y Ecología de Crustáceos Decápo­ encontradas para cada sexo, así como las tallas dos" dentro del convenio de cooperación Cuba- mínimas de ias hembras ovígeras. México. Alpheus amblyonvi 1. 7, 3, 9 Alpheus otmatus 1. 2. 5 Alpheus armillotus 1, 2, 3. S, 7. 12, 13, H I • AJG (Golto de Batobcnó. SW tjo Cubo) Alpheus bahomensis 1,2 2» ACC íGollo d« Batobaró, W de Cuba) Alpheus bouvieti 11 3« ADP (Golfo de eatobcnó. EW de Cubo) Alpheus chocel 6, 15 4' Mocrolagum del Golío de eatabonó. SW de CuPo) Alpheus ctistullfrons 1, 2, 3 6" Costo MW de CiAa (Provincio Ciudad de Lo Hobona Alpheus cyllndricus 1 Alpheus estuarlensis 15 á* Bahía de Cárdenas, costo NW de Cuba (Provincia de Motonzos) (ASC) Alphsus flofidanus 1. 2. 6. 8, 10. 12, M 7* Bohío de Santa Ctora. N / Centro de Cubo (Proviodo de villa Claro) (ASQ Alpheusformosus I, 3 8' Cayo Levísa N de Cuba (Provinclo de VíKa Ctara) (ASC) Alpheus normannl 4, ó, 7, S. 9, 10, 11, 12,13 9' Coyo PajoTKil del Sordo. (Provincio de Villa Ciato) (ASC) Alpheus paracrinitus 1 10* 3 de Cayo Fragoso. NE de Cubo (Provincia 6e Víb Claa) Alpheus peasei 1. 2 11' Ccfío Coco (ProvIrvciQ de Ciego de Avüa) (ASC) Alpheus polystictus 5 12*SdeCwo GuqabaNEdeOjba (ProvFiciocteCarrwgOev) Alpheus thomasi 1 13' BotiiodeNiJevitos, NEcteCuba (Fíovincia de Cor^iogüey) Alpheus vlridari 1. 2. 16 Alpheus websterl I W idtia de Juturú. NE de Cuba (Provincia de Holguin) Alpheus sp. 1 IJ- Bohío de Vito. NE de Cubo (Ptwincio de Hoigu'n) Fig, I. Distribución de ias especies de Alpheus en la plataforma marina de Cuba y ubicación de las localidades citadas en el trabajo. J.C. Martínez-Iglesias et al.: Alpheus de Cuba 403 RESULTADOS dáctilo de la quela mayor y en la muesca trans­ versal de la superficie mesiodorsal de la misma Familia Alpheidae Rafínesque, 1815 quela: en A. amblyonyx el dáctilo es más bulbo­ Género A/p/ieMj Fabricius, 1798 so y la muesca de la palma es más ancha y me­ nos definida. Ojos completamente cubiertos por el capara­ zón anterior, salvo en vista antero-ventral. Pie­ Alpheus armatus Rathbun, 1901 zas bucales normales, ninguna particularmente (Fig. 3) ensanchada o abultada, (como en Metalpheus Referencias: Rathbun, 1901:108, fíg.20.- Coutiére, 1908). Borde posterior del caparazón Knowlton y Keller, 1983:359, fig. 4b; 1985, con muesca cardíaca ("cardiac notch"). Epipo- fig. 1. ditos presentes al menos en los dos pares ante­ Material examinado: 5 ma, 1 he. AJG, riores de pereiópodos. Dedo móvil del quelípo- ACC, Costa norte Provincia Ciudad de la Ha­ do mayor normalmente provisto, en la porción bana. Talla máxima: ma, 10.7; he, 9.3 mm. proximal de su borde interno, de un robusto Distribución geográfica: Desde Bahamas y diente de aspecto molar, el que encaja en una Sur de Florida (Estados Unidos) hasta Tobago. cavidad existente en el dedo fijo. Segundo También en península de Yucatán (México) pleópodo del macho con apéndice masculino Habitat: Asociado la anémona Bartholomea de tamaño normal, de tal modo que no alcanza annulata. Sublitoral ^1 extfemo^istal de las ramas de dicho pleópo­ Comentarios: Knowlton y Keller (1983, do. El ángulo postero-lateral del sexto segmen­ 1985) han descrito tres especies gemelas áeA. ar­ to abdominal carece de una placa triangular matus {A. immaculatus, A. polystictus y A. ro- móvil (presente en Leptalpheus Williams 1965; quensis), de morfología casi idéntica, pero con Prionalpheus A.H. y D.M. Banner 1960; Alp- patrones de coloración y conducta consistente­ heopsis Coutiére 1897 y Neoalpheopsis A.H. mente diferentes. Dado que el material preserva­ Banner 1953). Exópodos de los urópodos pro­ do en alcohol tiende a la decoloración, es alta­ vistos de una sutura transversal. mente probable que algunos de los registros de A. armatus previos a los trabajos citados correspon­ Alpheus amblyonyx Chace, 1972 dan en realidad a alguna de las otras tres especies. (Fig. 2) Referencias: Chace, 1972:59, fig. 16 .- Ray, Alpheus armillatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 1974: 71, figs. 49 - 50.- Corredor etai, 1979: 31. (Fig. 4) Material examinado: 10 ma; 11 he . AJG, Referencias: Hendrix, 1971:59, láms. 3, 4 .- ACC, ADP, ASC, Cayo Pajonal del Sordo. Ta­ Chace, 1972:62 .- Ray, 1974:75, fígs. 51-53- llas máximas, ma: 6,6 mm; he: 7,5 mm; Talla Corredor et al, 1979:32.- Rodríguez, 1980: mínima, hov: 4,7 mm. 142, fíg.40 e-g .- Williams, 1984:92, fíg.63 .- Distribución geográfica: Texas (Estados Martínez-Iglesias, 1986: 8, fig. 3c. Unidos); Veracruz, península de Yucatán, Material examinado: 12 ma, 3 he, 8 hov. Quintana Roo (México); Dominica, Puerto Ri­ AJG, ACC, ADP, NW de Cuba: Vedado, Ciu­ co y St. Thomas. Islas del Rosario. Atol das dad de La Habana; ASC: B. de Santa Clara, S Rocas y de Paraíba a Espirito Santo en Brasil. de Cayo Cuajaba, B. de Nuevitas; B. de Vita, NE y NW de Cuba. NE de Cuba .- Talla máxima: ma, 12.2 mm; he, Habitat: Corales y laguna arrecifal, sustrato 12.1 mm .- Talla mínima hov: 7.6 mm.
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