Chapter 5 Optional Fittings

Chapter 5 Optional Fittings Inside this chapter you will find: HEATER OPTIONS STIRRER MOTORS AND DRIVES STIRRER OPTIONS GAS ENTRAINMENT CATALYST BASKETS CONDENSERS SAFETY RUPTURE DISCS PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES PRESSURE GAGES GAS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS HIGH PRESSURE BURETTES LIQUID CHARGING SYSTEMS METERING PUMPS LIQUID PIPETTES SOLIDS CHARGING SYSTEMS COOLING COILS CYLINDER LINERS SAMPLE COLLECTION VESSEL BOTTOM DRAIN VALVES VALVES AND FITTINGS SAFETY CHECK VALVES THERMOCOUPLES PRESSURE HOSE EXPLOSION PROOF APPARATUS WINDOWS INSULATED ELECTRICAL GLANDS SPARE PARTS KITS TEMPERATURE LIMITS EXTERNAL VALVES AND FITTINGS Heaters arr has designed standard reactors designed for tempera- cooling channels are also Pelectrical heaters for all tures to 600 °C and for large included. of the reactors in our product multi-zone heaters. Aluminum block heaters line. Different types of heaters have three distinct features are used for individual reactors Optional and Custom which make them ideal for to best meet the operational Heaters. many applications: needs, heating load, and Parr offers a variety of expected operating tem- heater designs which can be 1. Since the heating elements peratures. The standard heater substituted for the standard are sealed within these type and power rating for each heater normally furnished with housings, explosive vapors reactor model is listed in the each reactor. Most of these cannot reach them and the reactor specification tables. can also be used with Parr heater can be considered The standard designs will typi- non-stirred pressure vessels explosion proof, provided cally be one of the following: as well. The principal features it is equipped with optional and recommended applica- explosion proof wiring and Clamp-On Band Heaters tions for these heaters are a safety cut-out to ensure These are normally used described below. that the heater will not for very small reactors where exceed a specified tempera- maximum watt densities and Flexible Heating Mantles. ture limit allowed for the heat transfer are required due These can be furnished for explosive atmosphere. to the limited surface area many different applications. 2. With heat spread uniformly available on the vessel. These are similar to the rigid throughout the aluminum type described above except block, uniform heating is Rigid Heating Mantles. they are not held in an alu- applied to all surfaces of These are quartz fabric minum housing. They have a the vessel, comparable to mantles housed in aluminum flexible fabric outer case for the rapid response obtained shells. They are used for electrical and thermal insula- with a steam or hot oil moderate sized reactors in tion. This type of mantle is jacket, but without requiring designs where the heater can particularly useful for heating costly steam generators, oil be moved on or off the vessel. vessels with irregular shapes, baths, circulating pumps They are light weight and easy such as those with windows and other accessory equip- to handle, but they are not in the cylinder wall, since they ment. used to support the weight are flexible and can be split 3. Since there is a cooling of the vessel and they are and laced onto a vessel around coil in the aluminum block, generally limited to operating any external protrusion. As this style heater can also temperatures of 350 °C or less. with rigid mantles, they will provide external cooling produce temperatures up to for controlling an exother- Calrod-Type Sheathed 350 °C, but they are limited mic reaction without the Element Heaters. to watt densities of 10 watts internal clutter and clean- These are rugged heaters per square inch. This type of ing problems associated with Calrod-type elements heater can be made to cover with internal cooling coils. held within a metal shell. They any of the vessels offered by Eliminating an internal coil are used for medium to large Parr, and they are sometimes also permits the use of spi- reactors for operating temper- preferred when only moderate ral, paddle or other stirrers atures to 350 °C. In some cases temperatures are required. which cannot be used when the heater shell itself forms a Since they are constructed of an internal coil is installed. part of the reactor support. An cloth, an electrical ground wire advantage of Calrod heaters is cannot be provided. Circulation Jackets. that the heating elements are A jacket can be welded to easily replaceable. Aluminum Block Heaters. the outer wall of most Parr These are available as an pressure vessels to provide a Ceramic Heaters. option for most reactors and means for heating or cooling These are special purpose pressure vessels. For vessels the vessel with a hot or cold heaters with an electric ele- of two gallons or less the liquid or steam. This type ment embedded in a shaped heaters are machined from of heating is ideal for users ceramic body which is held solid blocks of aluminum and who want to duplicate plant within an insulated metal heater wells are machined into operating conditions, using a housing. They are used for the walls of the block. Optional jacketed reactor comparable www.parrinst.com 102 Parr Instrument Company Optional Fittings 5 to jacketed equipment used in their plant. Since there are no electrical components in a jacket, and since the maximum temperature can be controlled by controlling the temperature of the heating medium, a jacketed vessel will be accepted as explosion proof and suitable for use in hazardous atmospheres. Rapid and uniform heating can be attained with a jacketed vessel since the heating med ium is in direct contact with the vessel. By controlling the temperature of the heating medium, temperature overshoots can be avoided when working with sensitive mater ials. Standard jackets are designed for operating pres- sures up to 100 psig (7 bar) within the jacket. Higher pressure jackets can be provided if required. Cylinder, 2000 mL, with Welded Circulating Jacket. Model 4666 2-Gallon Non-Stirred Reactor with Welded Jacket, Hinged Split Rings, Pneumatic Lift, and Bottom Drain Valve. Aluminum Block Heater with Cooling Channel and Heat Shield for 1000 mL Vessel. 1-800-872-7720 Parr Instrument Company 103 Stirrer Motors and Drives Torque vs. Stirring Speed ring speed must be matched available speed are all depen- he standard, open-type, to provide an effective mixing dent upon the pressure and Tvariable speed motor system. available volume of the driving installed on each Parr reactor As a general rule, the mag- air source. Maximum torques will produce stirring speeds netic coupling installed on each are delivered at relatively from zero to between 600 Parr reactor will have a torque slow speeds and maximum and 800 rpm with a torque rating considerably higher than horsepower is delivered at high adequate to drive the installed the torque obtainable from the speed. impellers in average viscosity motors offered for use with mixtures. Higher horsepower that apparatus. The goal is to Geared, Direct Drive Motors motors and special stirrers can make the motor the weak link A geared, direct drive motor be provided for higher viscosi- so that the magnetic stirrer will can be installed on most fixed ties. Alternate drive pulleys are be protected. Reference torque head floor stand reactors. This available to produce higher rating for applicable magnetic is an attractive arrangement for stirring speeds, but several drive. handling heavy stirring loads. basic rules must be considered Any 1/4 hp or larger, when changing any of these Explosion Proof Motors variable-speed standard or components. Explosion proof motors explosion-proof motor can be The highest torque from designed for Class I, Groups C used. Gear box drives are avail- any motor is obtained at lower and D and Class II, Groups F able with ratios of 3:1, 5:1 and stirring speeds. Increasing and G with variable speed con- 10:1. The 1700 rpm maximum the stirring speed reduces the trol can be furnished for most speed will be reduced in an torque in inverse proportion Parr reactors. amount determined by the to the speed. For operations reduction ratio of the gear involving high viscosity Air Motors box, and the associated torque mixtures, the motor size, the Air-driven motors can be values from the table will be type of impeller and the stir- installed on most reactors. The increased in the same ratio. horsepower rating, torque, and Stirrer Drive Motors Standard Pulley Optional Pulley Motor HP Explosion Variable Max Speed, Max Torque, Max Speed, Max Torque, Designation Rating Proof Speed RPM* in-lb RPM* in-lb -VS.12 1/8 No Yes 600 12 1700 4 -XP.25 1/4 Yes Yes 600 27 1700 9 -AM.25** 1/4 Yes Yes 1000** 30** — — -VS.25 1/4 No Yes 600 27 1700 9 -VS.50 1/2 No Yes 600 54 1700 18 -XP.50 1/2 Yes Yes 600 54 1700 18 -AM.50** 1/2 Yes Yes 1000** 66** — — -VS.75 3/4 No Yes 600 81 1700 27 -XP.75 3/4 Yes Yes 600 81 1700 27 Values represented are nominal. VS = variable speed, XP = explosion proof, AM = air motor, 1 in-lb = 0.11 Nm, 1 hp = 0.75 Kw *Maximum speed values based on “no load” **HP, RPM, and torque values for air motors are based on a 40psi supply capable of 34cfm for the AM.50 and 10cfm for the AM.25. www.parrinst.com 104 Parr Instrument Company Optional Fittings 5 Parr Geared Drive Motor mounted on a Series 4553 Stirred Reactor System. Gear Box Torques 3:1 Gear Box 5:1 Gear Box 10:1 Gear Box Motor HP Max Speed, Max Torque, Max Speed, Max Torque, Max Speed, Max Torque, Rating RPM in-lb RPM in-lb RPM in-lb 1/4 600 27 360 45 180 90 1/2 600 54 360 90 180 180 3/4 600 81 360 135 Not Recommended Magnetic Drive Description Maximum Torque, in-lb General Purpose 16 Footless General Purpose 16 Heavy Duty 60 Footless Heavy Duty 60 Extra Heavy Duty 120 Footless Extra Heavy Duty 120 1-800-872-7720 Parr Instrument Company 105 Stirrer Options Turbine Type Impellers arr reactors are usually equipped with turbine Ptype impellers which produce an excellent mixing action over the range of stirring speeds at which these reactors typically operate.

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