Understanding and Installing Hard Drives ‐ Chapter #8
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North Star MDS Micro Disk System Double Density
NorthSbrCompumlnc 2547 Ninth Street Berkeley, Co. 94710 MICRO-DISK SYSTEM MDS-A-D DOUBLE DENSITY Table of Contents Introduction. ..... • 2 Cautions ...... 2 Limited Hardware Warranty 3 Out of Warranty Repair .. 3 Limited Software Warranty 4 Software License ...•. 4 Parts List ........ 5 Assembly Information ••. 8 ,< Figure lA: Identification of Components 10 Assembly and Check-out Instructions 11 l System Integration .•••.... 22 , Theory of Operation ••••• 27 ! Appendix 1: Pulse Signal Detection 35 I Schematic Drawings ••.•••.• 36 -~ I ; Copyright 1978, North star Computers, Inc. MDS-D REVISION 2 25010 INTRODUCTION The North Star Micro-Disk System (MDS-A-O) is a complete floppy disk system for use with 5-100 bus computers. The system .• includes the disk controller board, one floppy disk drive, power regulation, cables, software and documentation. The software is provided on diskette and includes the North Star Disk Operating System, BASIC Language System, Monitor, and various utility programs. The system is capable of controlling up to four disk drives. Each disk drive can record 179,200 bytes of information on a diskette, thus allowing up to 716,800 bytes of on-line disk storage. Addition disk drives, AC power supplies, and cabinets are available as options If you have purchased the MDS-A-D as a kit, then first skim the entire manual. Be sure to carefully read the Assembly Information section before beginning assembly. If you have purchased the MDS-A-D in assembled form, you may skip the A Assembly section. ., CAUTIONS .- 1. Correct this document from the errata before doing anything else. 2. Do NOT insert or remove the MDS controller from the computer while the power is turned on. -
Installing Windows NT 4.0 (Clean) on a Fasttrak/Fasttrak66ide RAID Controller
Installing Windows NT 4.0 (Clean) on a FastTrak/FastTrak66IDE RAID Controller * READ THIS FIRST! If you have not created any arrays using your FastTrak IDE RAID Controller, STOP and setup your array/s in the FastTrak/FastTrak66 IDE RAID Controllers Bios first before creating any Dos Partition on your boot drive, or if you plan to boot with the FastTrak/FastTrak66 like you would a Standard Hard Disk Controller create a single drive array then proceed to step #1. -Setup Procedure 1.) We STRONGLY RECOMMEND that you create a Dos Partition (no larger than 4 GB in size) before installing Windows NT 4.0 with our FastTrak IDE RAID Controller card. If possible boot up with a real dos boot disk, then execute Microsoft's FDISK to partition and format the hard disk drive. This will help to eliminate potential problems during the install process. 2.) Being the Installation process by booting up the computer with CD ROM support. Change to the CD ROM Drive letter (yours may vary) by typing "D:" (without quotations) and then pressing "enter". Then type "cd I386" and then press the "enter" key. Next type (without quotations) "winnt" or "winnt /x" (if you already have the 3 startup diskettes. After the file copying process is complete, restart your computer with the NT 4.0 boot diskette labeled "Disk1 Setup Boot disk" when prompted. 3.) Proceed with the setup process until your reach the "Mass Storage Controller auto detect screen". 4.) Next a screen will appear showing a list of Mass Storage Devices (IDE Controllers, SCSI cards, Etc.) that have been recognized by the setup program. -
Problem 1 : Write-Based Skippy. Problem 2 : Skippy Variant
CMU 18-746 Storage Systems Assigned: 1 Feb 2010 Spring 2010 Homework 2 Due: 22 Feb 2010 Solutions are due at the beginning of class on the due date and must be typed and neatly organized. Late homeworks will not be accepted. You are permitted to discuss these problems with your classmates; how- ever, your work and answers must be your own. All questions should be directed to the teaching assistant. Problem 1 : Write-based Skippy. Before answering the following two problems, please read the following paper: Microbenchmark-based Extraction of Local and Global Disk Characteristics by Nisha Talagala, Remzi H. Arpaci-Dusseau, and David Patterson (Berkeley TR CSD-99-1063). It is available from the course website. (a) First, describe in words the functionality of lseek. Specifically, what happens when lseek(fd, 1048576, SEEK CUR) is issued? (b) Refer to Figure 1, which shows the result of simulating the Skippy experiment on a disk simulator. Label this graph with the following values: rotational latency, MTM, sectors per track, number of heads, head switch time, and cylinder switch time. Also label the head and cylinder switches. Make sure you mark the parts of the figure that indicate these values. (c) How would Figure 1 change, if the disk were replaced with one that has a higher rotation speed, but is the same in every other respect? (d) If the WRITEs used in the Skippy experiment were replaced with READs, do you think the observed value for MTM would change? Explain your answer. Problem 2 : Skippy variant. Assume the skippy algorithm is replaced with the following: fd = open ( ‘ ‘ raw d i s k d e v i c e ’ ’ ) ; ¡ f o r ( i = 0 ; i measurements ; i + + ) l s e e k ( fd , 0 , SEEK SET ) ; w r i t e ( fd , b u f f e r , SINGLE SECTOR ) ; / / time t h e f o l l o w i n g w r i t e and o u t p u t i , time ¢ / / i i s t h e hop s i z e l s e e k ( fd , i £ SINGLE SECTOR , SEEK SET ) ; w r i t e ( fd , b u f f e r , SINGLE SECTOR ) ; ¤ c l o s e ( fd ) ; Figure 2 shows the results of running this experiment (it is a plot of time vs. -
6 O--C/?__I RAID-II: Design and Implementation Of
f r : NASA-CR-192911 I I /N --6 o--c/?__i _ /f( RAID-II: Design and Implementation of a/t 't Large Scale Disk Array Controller R.H. Katz, P.M. Chen, A.L. Drapeau, E.K. Lee, K. Lutz, E.L. Miller, S. Seshan, D.A. Patterson r u i (NASA-CR-192911) RAID-Z: DESIGN N93-25233 AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A LARGE SCALE u DISK ARRAY CONTROLLER (California i Univ.) 18 p Unclas J II ! G3160 0158657 ! I i I \ i O"-_ Y'O J i!i111 ,= -, • • ,°. °.° o.o I I Report No. UCB/CSD-92-705 "-----! I October 1992 _,'_-_,_ i i I , " Computer Science Division (EECS) University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, California 94720 RAID-II: Design and Implementation of a Large Scale Disk Array Controller 1 R. H. Katz P. M. Chen, A. L Drapeau, E. K. Lee, K. Lutz, E. L Miller, S. Seshan, D. A. Patterson Computer Science Division Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department University of California, Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720 Abstract: We describe the implementation of a large scale disk array controller and subsystem incorporating over 100 high performance 3.5" disk chives. It is designed to provide 40 MB/s sustained performance and 40 GB capacity in three 19" racks. The array controller forms an integral part of a file server that attaches to a Gb/s local area network. The controller implements a high bandwidth interconnect between an interleaved memory, an XOR calculation engine, the network interface (HIPPI), and the disk interfaces (SCSI). The system is now functionally operational, and we are tuning its performance. -
Compaq/Conner CP341 IDE/ATA Drive
Compaq/Conner CP341 IDE/ATA Drive 1987 Compaq/Conner CP341 IDE/ATA Drive Emergence of IDE/ATA as widely used interface. Why it's important The IDE/ATA (Integrated Drive Electronics/AT Attachment) interface, now known as PATA (Parallel ATA) and SATA (Serial ATA), became the dominant hard disk drive (HDD) interface for IBM compatible PCs, initially because of its low cost and simplicity of integration. Today it is supported by most operating systems and hardware platforms and is incorporated into several other peripheral devices in addition to HDDs. As an intelligent drive interface universally adopted on personal computers, IDE/ATA was an enabler of the acceleration of disk drive capacity that began in the early 1990s. Discussion: The IDE interface development was initially conceived by Bill Frank of Western Digital (WD) in the fall of 1984 as a means of combining the disk controller and disk drive electronics, while maintaining compatibility with the AT and XT controller attachments to a PC without changes to the BIOS or drivers. WD floated that idea by its largest customers, IBM, DEC, and Compaq in the winter and spring of 1985. Compaq showed interest, so Bill Frank collaborated with Ralph Perry and Ken Bush of Compaq to develop the initial specification. WD formed a Tiger team in the spring of 1985 to build such a drive, using externally purchased 3.5” HDAs (Head Disk Assemblies), but initially just provided IDE to ST506 controller boards that Compaq hard-mounted to 10MB and 20MB 3.5” Miniscribe ST506 drives for their Portable II computer line, announced in February 1986 [3, 15, 20]. -
Onboard SCSI RAID User's Guide B7FH-3761-01ENZ0-00 Issued on September, 2005 Issued by FUJITSU LIMITED
PRIMERGY RX600 S2 Onboard SCSI RAID User’s Guide Areas Covered Before Reading This Manual This section explains the notes for your safety and conventions used in this manual. Chapter 1 Overview (Features / Note) Explains the overview of the disk array and features of the SCSI array controller. Chapter 2 How to Use WebBIOS Explains WebBIOS setup procedures. WebBIOS is a basic utility to set up and manage the onboard SCSI array controller. Read this chapter carefully before using WebBIOS. Chapter 3 Installing Global Array Manager (GAM) Explains how to install Global Array Manager (GAM) to use a SCSI array controller in a Windows Server 2003, Windows 2000 Server, or Linux environment. Chapter 4 How to Use GAM GAM is a basic utility to manage the disk array. Read this chapter carefully before use. Chapter 5 Replacing a Hard Disk Explains maintenance related issues, such as hard disk replacement. Appendix Explains RAID level and list of GAM error codes. 1 Before Reading This Manual Remarks ■ Symbols Symbols used in this manual have the following meanings. These sections explain prohibited actions and points to note when using this device. Make sure to read these sections. These sections explain information needed to operate the hardware and software properly. Make sure to read these sections. → This mark indicates reference pages or manuals. ■ Key Descriptions / Operations Keys are represented throughout this manual in the following manner. E.g.: [Ctrl] key, [Enter] key, [→] key, etc. The following indicate pressing several keys at once: E.g.: [Ctrl] + [F3] key, [Shift] + [↑] key, etc. ■ Entering Commands (Keys) Command entries are displayed in the following way. -
Speed Negotiation Improvement for Hard Disk Drive Serial ATA Interface by Considering Host Compatibility
Speed Negotiation Improvement for Hard Disk Drive Serial ATA Interface by Considering Host Compatibility by Apisak Srihamat A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Microelectronics and Embedded Systems Examination Committee: Dr.Mongkol Ekpanyapong (Chairperson) Dr.Metthew N. Dailey Mak Chee Wai (External Expert) Nationality: Thai Previous Degree: Bachelor in Computer Engineering King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Thailand Scholarship Donor: Western Digital – AIT Fellowship Asian Institute of Technology School of Engineering and Technology Thailand December 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thankful to Dr. Mongkol Ekpanyapong and Dr. Matthew N. Dailey who gave a very good guidance and support encouraged me to study and understand the objective, scope and limitations of this thesis. Then continue provide technical discussion to make me have clearer picture. I’m heartily thankful to Dr.Matthew N. Dailey, Dr.Manukid Parnichkun, and Dr.Metha Jeeradit who gave a very good suggestion during I study in AIT. I also would like to show my gratitude to Western Digital who gives me a time, support and job while I am studying master degree. Special appreciation goes to my supervisor at work, Mr. Petrus Hu, shouldering some of the responsibilities on my behalf in order to allow time for me to be away to complete my Masters study. The person I cannot forget, Mr. Mak Chee Wai as the external expert on the committee panel. He provided invaluable feedback, constant encouragement and support during my Masters study. I would like to thanks to my parents and family, who understand and allowed me to have extra time to work on this thesis. -
Lecture 7 Slides
✬ ✩ Computer Science CSCI 251 Systems and Networks Dr. Peter Walsh Department of Computer Science Vancouver Island University [email protected] ✫ 1: Computer Science CSCI 251 — Lecture 7 ✪ ✬ ✩ Virtualization Process • CPU virtualization Address Space • memory virtualization File • persistent storage virtualization ✫ 2: Computer Science CSCI 251 — Lecture 7 ✪ ✬ ✩ Formatting Low Level • sector creation • sector addressing using LBA (Logical Block Addressing) e.g., (cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1) = LBA 0, (cylinder 0, head 0, sector 2) = LBA 1 etc. • usually completed at time of manufacture Partitioning • each physical disk can be divided into partitions • a partition is a logical disk under OS control High Level • typically involves file system creation ✫ 3: Computer Science CSCI 251 — Lecture 7 ✪ ✬ ✩ IBM PC Basic I/O System (BIOS) BIOS • firmware executes on power-on startup • assumes disk data structure and boot-loader code starting at LBA 0 of bootable disk Legacy BIOS • LBA 0 contains MBR (Master Boot Record) • MBR contains the partition table • a partition entry contains a 32 bit start LBA field UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) • GPT (GUID Partition Table) starts at LBA 0 • GPT contains the partition table • a partition entry contains a 64 bit start LBA field ✫ 4: Computer Science CSCI 251 — Lecture 7 ✪ ✬ ✩ IBM PC Basic I/O System (BIOS) cont. 3ΤΙςΕΞΜΡΚ7]ΩΞΙΘ &−37 9)∗− 4ΕςΞΜΞΜΣΡ 1&6 +48 4ΕςΞΜΞΜΣΡ 8ΕΦΠΙ 8ΕΦΠΙ &ΣΣΞ &ΣΣΞ 0ΣΕΗΙς 0ΣΕΗΙς −&14∋,ΕςΗ[ΕςΙ ✫ 5: Computer Science CSCI 251 — Lecture 7 ✪ ✬ ✩ IDE Devices Controller • typically can support 4 drives (2 ports) Old Naming Convention Device Name Port# Drive# /dev/hda 1 1 /dev/hdb 1 2 /dev/hdc 2 3 /dev/hdd 2 4 New Naming Convention Device Name Port# Drive# /dev/sda 1 1 /dev/sdb 1 2 /dev/sdc 2 3 /dev/sdd 2 4 ✫ 6: Computer Science CSCI 251 — Lecture 7 ✪ ✬ ✩ SATA Devices Controller • typically can support 2 - 6 drives (2 - 6 ports) Naming Convention Device Name Port# Drive# /dev/sda 1 1 /dev/sdb 2 2 ....... -
Acceleraid 170LP
AcceleRAID 170LP Installation Guide DB11-000024-00 First Edition 08P5513 Electromagnetic Compatibility Notices This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: 1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and 2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: •Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. •Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver. •Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. •Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. Shielded cables for SCSI connection external to the cabinet are used in the compliance testing of this Product. LSI Logic is not responsible for any radio or television interference caused by unauthorized modification of this equipment or the substitution or attachment of connecting cables and equipment other than those specified by LSI Logic. -
Obtaining Sector Geometry of Modern Hard Disk Drives
Extract and Infer Quickly: Obtaining Sector Geometry of Modern Hard Disk Drives JONGMIN GIM and YOUJIP WON Hanyang University The modern hard disk drive is a complex and complicated device. It consists of 2–4 heads, thousands 6 of sectors per track, several hundred thousands of tracks, and tens of zones. The beginnings of adjacent tracks are placed with a certain angular offset. Sectors are placed on the tracks and accessed in some order. Angular offset and sector placement order vary widely subject to vendors and models. The success of an efficient file and storage subsystem design relies on the proper understanding of the underlying storage device characteristics. The characterization of hard disk drives has been a subject of intense research for more than a decade. The scale and complexity of state-of-the-art hard disk drive technology calls for a new way of extracting and analyzing the characteristics of the hard disk drive. In this work, we develop a novel disk characterization suite, DIG (Disk Geometry Analyzer), which allows us to rapidly extract and characterize the key performance metrics of the modern hard disk drive. Development of this tool is accompanied by thorough examination of four off-the-shelf hard disk drives. DIG consists of three key ingredients: O(1) a track boundary detection algorithm; O(log n) a zone boundary detection algorithm; and hybrid sampling based seek time profiling. We particularly focus on addressing the scalability aspect of disk characterization. With DIG, we are able to extract key metrics of hard disk drives, for example, track sizes, zone information, sector geometry and so on, within 3–20 minutes. -
LCS·6200 SERIES Winctbter DISK CONTROLLER USER's MANUAL CONTENTS
LCS·6200 SERIES WINCtBTER DISK CONTROLLER USER'S MANUAL CONTENTS Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION • 1.1 General Description 1 1.1.1 LCS-6210 1 1.1.2 Other Derivatives 2 1.2 Minimum System Requirements 3 1.3 Optional Software Requirements 3 Chapter 2. HARDWARE INSTALLATION 4 2.1 Preliminary Setup 4 2.2 Opening the System Unit 4 2.3 Initial Setup of LCS-6200 Series Board 4 2.4 Connection of LCS-6200 Series in System Unit 7 2.5 Setup of Hard Disk Drive. 7 2.6 Set Up Floppy Disk Drives 7 2.6.1 For LCS-6210 7 2.6.2 For LCS-6220 8 2.7 Installation of Hard Disk Unit 8 2.7.1 Internal Installation 9 2.7.2 External Installation 11 2.8 Closing the System Unit 11 ~ 2.9 Reconnection of Cables to External Devices 11 Chapter 3. INITIAL POWER UP 12 Chapter 4. FORMATTING THE WINCHESTER DISK • • • • • • • • •• 13 Chapter 5. LOCKING BEFORE MOVING 16 Appendix 1. Switch settings for different Drive Types 17 2. Diagnostics About LCS-6200 Series 20 3. About Concurrent CP/M-86 ••••••••• 21 Trademarks: 1. IBM PC/XT, PC-DOS: IBM Corp. 2. CCP/M-86: Digital Research, Inc. 3. MS-DOS: Microsoft Corp. 4. ST-506, ST-412: Seagate Technology. 5. COMPAQ: Compaq Computer Corp. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The LCS-6200 Series Winchester disk controller is an IBM PC/XT compatible Winchester Controller board designed to interface up to two 5 1/4 inch Hard Disk drives, two 5 1/4 inch Floppy Disk drives and also provides for Streaming Tape backup. -
My Name Is Muhammad Sadiq, I Hope You Are Also Fine. Complete Current Soled Paper CS609
Hi! My name is Muhammad Sadiq, I hope you are also fine. Complete current soled paper CS609. Just remember in prayer. And visit my site you’ll a lot of information. http://tipshippo.com/ Thanks! QNO1: calculate the sector#for the followinsg cluster 1CH We have following information Block per cluster = 8 First user block number = 20 Ans: No. of System Area Blocks = Reserved Block + Sector per FAT * No. of FAT’s + No. of entries * 32 / Bytes per Block First User Block No. = No. of System Area Blocks Sector No. = (Clust_no – 2)* Blocks per Clust + First User Block # QNO2: which control information PSP ( program segment prefix) contains Ans: It contains control information like DTA (Disk Transfer Area) and command line parameters. QNO3: IN case of memory to memory transfer which MDA register is used to simulate DMA request. Ans: DMA request register can be used to simulate a DMA request through software (in case of memory to memory transfer). The lower 2 bits contains the channel number to be requested and the bit # 2 is set to indicate a request. can be used to simulate a DMA request through software (in case of memory to memory transfer). The lower 2 bits contains the channel number to be requested and the bit # 2 is set to indicate a request. QNO4: what are the effects of surface area on disk size. Ans: Increasing the surface area clearly increases the amount of data that can reside on the disk as more magnetic media no resides on disk but it might have some drawbacks like increased seek time in case only one disk platter is being used QNO5:how can we read / write the disk block when LSN is given.