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Proxy Voting Guidelines Benchmark Policy Recommendations TITLE
UNITED STATES Proxy Voting Guidelines Benchmark Policy Recommendations TITLE Effective for Meetings on or after February 1, 2021 Published November 19, 2020 ISS GOVERNANCE .COM © 2020 | Institutional Shareholder Services and/or its affiliates UNITED STATES PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES TABLE OF CONTENTS Coverage ................................................................................................................................................................ 7 1. Board of Directors ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections ........................................................................................... 8 Independence ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 ISS Classification of Directors – U.S. ................................................................................................................. 9 Composition ........................................................................................................................................................ 11 Responsiveness ................................................................................................................................................... 12 Accountability .................................................................................................................................................... -
Anthropology and Human Development - Joan P
SUSTAINABLE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN THE TWENTY- FIRST CENTURY– Vol. I - Anthropology and Human Development - Joan P. Mencher ANTHROPOLOGY AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Joan P. Mencher Lehman College of The City University of New York (CUNY) and the CUNY Graduate Program in Anthropology, USA Keywords: inequality/equality, development policies, growth, socio-political and economic power relations, development theories, globalization, protest, efficiency, yields per acre vs. yield per crop, India, comparisons, relocalization.33 Contents 1. The Ways in which Anthropology Considers Issues of Development 1.1 Introduction 1.2 What is Development? 1.3 Development and Social Policy 1.4 Implications of Development for People's Lives 1.5 Development and Ideology 1.6 Techniques of Persuasion: Manipulating Minds 1.7 Comparability of Countries 2. Human Development and Agriculture: An Anthropological Analysis 2.1 Introduction 2.2 What is Agriculture? Corporate/State Farms versus Family Farms 2.3 Myths of Cheap Food and Efficiency 2.4 Environmental Hazards 2.5 The Focus of Agronomic Research and its Support 2.6 When is High-tech Needed? 2.7 Land Reform and Local Autonomy 2.8 Who Will Feed the World in the Twenty-first Century? 3. The Hope for the Future: Counter-corporatization with a Human Face 3.1 Introduction 4. Conclusion Acknowledgements Glossary BibliographyUNESCO – EOLSS Biographical Sketch Summary SAMPLE CHAPTERS This article deals with an anthropological perspective on human development defining anthropology as a holistic approach, which is both diachronic and synchronic. It includes a consideration of all aspects of people's social, economic and cultural life including the social habits of the community. -
For New & Newly Enthused Labour Party Members
GUIDE for new & newly enthused Labour Party members Published by Momentum Sheffield [email protected] facebook.com/momentumsheffield join.peoplesmomentum.com 1 The Labour Party rulebook is almost a hundred pages long and written in pure Bureaucratese. This is an attempt to explain the most important rules and structures in plain English. The main rules for members looking to get more involved in the party can be found on three manageable pages in the Model procedural rules (pages 56-58). Contents I) Local Labour Party organisation 1) Branch Labour Parties (BLPs) 2) Constituency Labour Parties (CLPs) 3) Branch and CLP officers 4) CLP Campaign Committee 5) District Labour Party (DLP) II) How to get involved in your local Labour Party 1) Contact your CLP and branch secretary 2) Get involved in Momentum 3) Become a CLP delegate or officer in your branch and CLP 4) Write and move a motion 5) Challenge the chair III) Electing representatives 1) How are council candidates selected? 2) How are parliamentary candidates selected? 3) Selection of MEP candidates 4) Scottish and Welsh Assembly candidates 5) Holding your MP/representative to account IV) National Labour Organisation 1) The National Labour Party The National Executive Committee Party Conference Party Conference - Delegates Party Conference - Voting Party Conference - Agenda General Secretary 2) Regional Structures 3) How the Labour Party makes policy The National Policy Forum Policy Commissions Making Policy 4) Government Forming a Government The Opposition Select Committees The Parliamentary Labour Party V) Useful resources: rule book, jargon buster, etc. 2 I) Local Labour Party organisation 1) Branch Labour Parties (BLPs) The Labour Party is divided into branches, usually based on the ward boundaries for councillors (there are 28 electoral wards in Sheffield). -
From the Anthropology of Development to the Anthropology Of
From the AnthropologyofDevelopment to the AnthropologyofGlobal Social Engineering Thomas Bierschenk Department of Anthropology and Modern African Studies, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Forum Universitatis 6, D-55099 Mainz Abstract. With thetransformation of development policy to global structural policy,the ‘old’ anthro- pology of development must become an anthropology of global social engineering. This involvesthe challengeoffocusing on the entire policy chain –from the production of development policy models in the context of the development agencies, to the different points of translation (for example,state ministries in the recipient countries and large international NGOs)and local intervention. From this perspective, the new development policy emerges as one of the contemporaryforms of producing the world. Interesting approaches existinGermany for such an ethnography of global social engineering. They have considerable implications for the entire discipline and its knowledge production practices. [Ethnography,Globalization, Epistemology, Development, Social Engineering] From the 1980s, adynamic anthropology of development emerged in Germany,the focus of which was the ethnographicstudy of development projects and brokers and research on the local consequences of development aid (Bierschenk 2014). The strengths of this ‘old’anthropology of development lay in its deconstruction of linear ideas about the implementationofdevelopment projects. One premise was anon-nor- mative conception of development: development is simply what -
Appendix a Punctuation Made Easy
374 Appendix A Punctuation Made Easy Full Stop The strongest punctuation mark of all. Should be used: 1. At the end of a complete sentence (not a question or an exclamation). 2. At the end of an imperative sentence. (,Shut the door.') 3. After all initials and some abbreviations (N. R. Baines, etc., Feb., n.a., c.i.f.). 4. Between pounds and pence expressed in figures (£3.65). Comma The weakest pause mark, but the most important, since its omission can sometimes change the meaning of the sentence. Don't pepper your sentences with commas - use the meaning of the sentence as a guide. Never separate subject from verb by a comma. Never separate verb from object or predicate by a comma. Should be used: 1. To separate words or word groups in a series when there are at least three units: 'Sales are increasing, productivity is increasing, and profits are increasing.' 2. To separate a subordinate clause which precedes a main clause: 'Although we are not yet sure of the position, work will continue.' 3. To separate a relative clause whose removal would not change the basic sense of the sentence: 'This product, which is one of our traditional lines, is not expensive.' Compare: 'The product that you have selected is not expensive.' 4. To separate a phrase or word of explanation from the rest of the sentence: 'London, the swinging city, stands beside the Thames.' Note: the rule here is the same as for relative clauses, so: 'He read the article, "Management Training into the 1990s", before tackling the report.' 5. -
Simple Parliamentary Procedures Cheat Sheet
Simple Parliamentary Procedures Cheat Sheet (Adapted from Rosenberg’s Rules of Order: Simple Parliamentary Procedures for the 21st Century) Meeting Basics Agenda Item Discussions Establish a quorum 1. Announce Agenda Item: Chair clearly states agenda item number and subject. Call meeting to order 2. Reports and Recommendations: Relevant speaker gives report and provides recommendations. 3. Questions and Answers: Technical questions from members are asked Move through agenda and addressed. 4. Public Comment: Chair allows public comment and input under the Adjourn meeting terms of the Board’s policy for such comment. 5. Motions and Action Items: a. Motions Introduced: Chair invites motion from body, and Motions 101 announces name of member introducing motion. • Basic motion on agenda item b. Seconds: If motion is seconded, Chair announces name of • Motion to amend seconding member. c. Motions Clarified: Seconded motion is clarified by maker of Basic Basic • Substitute motion motion, Chair, or secretary/clerk. Motions d. Amendments and Substitutions: Other members may propose • Motion to adjourn amended or substitute motions. • Motion to recess e. Discussion and Vote: Members discuss motion. Chair announces • Motion to fix the time to that vote will occur. Members vote on the last motion on the floor (a substitute motion) first, and if that does not pass, vote on the adjourn next-to-last motion, and so on. Meeting Meeting Motions • Motion to table f. Ayes and Nays: Chair takes vote by asking for “ayes,” “nays,” or “abstentions.” Unless super majority required, simple majority • Motion to limit debate determines whether motion passes. • Motion to close nominations g. Results and Actions: Chair announces result of vote and action the body has taken. -
Anthropology's Contribution to the Study of Comparative International
Special Issue: Population and Development: Comparative Anthropological Perspectives Introduction Daniel Jordan Smith and Jennifer A. Johnson-Hanks The methods and approaches of anthropology make the discipline particularly well positioned to understand how populations are implicated in, and respond to, development programs. These methods and approaches include in-depth explorations of how power operates, the exposition of long-term effects of policies and programs on everyday life, the careful focus on the relationship between the values people articulate when asked directly and their actual lived practices, and the insistence on intimate research conducted over long periods of time. But anthropology’s contribution to the study of comparative international development has been marginal compared to that of other social sciences such as economics, political science, and sociology. The relative dearth of anthropology articles in most issues of this journal is representative of a wider pattern in development studies publications. The explanation for anthropology’s outsider status is worth considering. In part, many anthropologists who study development are highly critical of dominant paradigms, and choose not to situate their work in relation to mainstream academic discourse on the topic. Anthropologists commonly ask, for example, who determines what development even means, and we worry whether it actually benefits those in whose name it is undertaken. Indeed, much of the anthropological literature suggests that development reinforces rather than ameliorates inequalities. Anthropology’s critical stance toward development may also lead its perspective to be excluded from debates where – at least from many anthropologists’ point of view – the prevailing wisdom accepts assumptions that our discipline questions. And anthropology does itself – and the populations we care about – no favors when we write about development, power, and inequality in insular jargon, excluding others who we often lament do not listen to us. -
Volume 113-Part 1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA th PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 90 CONGRESS FIRST SESSION VOLUME 113-PART 1 JANUARY 10, 1967, TO JANUARY 24, 1967 (PAGES 3 TO 1422) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, 1967 1278 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE January 23, 1967 3. Authorize the Appalachian Regional De by Section 401, to be deposited In a revolv There being no objection, the memo velopment Commission to approve for as Ing fund. randum was ordered to be printed in the sistance the programs and projects author 5. Add 26 counties In Mississippi to the RECORD, as follows: ized by the Act, and to advance funds Appalachian region. appropriated under the Act to the depart 6. Also Include provisions to: Authorize THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, ments and agencies Implementing those pro the States to construct segments of the de Washington, D.C., December 20, 1966. grams and projects. velopment highway system In advance of From: American Law Division. Applications for programs and projects are appropriations. PrOVide Commission em SUbject: Revision of Senate Rules at the now approved for assistance by the Commis ployees certain .Federal service credits. Re Opening of a New Congress. sion, following approval by the State member Imburse the cost of attracting, training and You have asked what procedures and sug (Sec. 303). Programs and projects may not retaining personnel at a demonstration gested rulings seem to be most defensible be Implemented until plans for them have health project. Add abandoned 011 and gas and logical for placing before the Senate at been recommended by the Commission, sub wells. -
SGM SGH 5Gfinalv4 5 Person Group
REPORT ON HOLDING SGM & AGM The Group had been asked through its Terms of Reference (as below) to provide advice to Central Council in relation to the calling of an SGM and AGM - under S16 and S17 of the Constitution. The Group was pleased to note that there is now had access to the membership details which is an essential prerequisite for holding the SGM and AGM. 1. The legal advice provided to the SHA was available to the Group. The Group agreed that it was the responsibility of Central Council to put arrangements for the SGM / AGM in place including to oversee checks on the membership status of those calling for or attending any meeting and to ensure compliance with constitutional requirements. 2. The Group agreed that any Motion before a the SGM / AGM could be amended subject to the same general principles of constitutional compliance . It would be for the Chair / Acting Chair (see Para 21) to rule on these matters. Amendments can be submitted in advance or as part of the meeting. 3. The Central Council can also submit amendments. 4. The proposed SGM Motion has a preamble and four possible action points. In line with Citrine (ABC of Chairmanship: Para 47) the Group advised that the CC might wish to recommend that the action recommendations be taken as four separate motions. Each motion would be subject to debate and amendment. 5. It may be that events have overtaken elements of the resolution(s) and it might expedite the business of the SGM to note that. 6. -
Popular Political Oratory and Itinerant Lecturing in Yorkshire and the North East in the Age of Chartism, 1837-60 Janette Lisa M
Popular political oratory and itinerant lecturing in Yorkshire and the North East in the age of Chartism, 1837-60 Janette Lisa Martin This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of York Department of History January 2010 ABSTRACT Itinerant lecturers declaiming upon free trade, Chartism, temperance, or anti- slavery could be heard in market places and halls across the country during the years 1837- 60. The power of the spoken word was such that all major pressure groups employed lecturers and sent them on extensive tours. Print historians tend to overplay the importance of newspapers and tracts in disseminating political ideas and forming public opinion. This thesis demonstrates the importance of older, traditional forms of communication. Inert printed pages were no match for charismatic oratory. Combining personal magnetism, drama and immediacy, the itinerant lecturer was the most effective medium through which to reach those with limited access to books, newspapers or national political culture. Orators crucially united their dispersed audiences in national struggles for reform, fomenting discussion and coalescing political opinion, while railways, the telegraph and expanding press reportage allowed speakers and their arguments to circulate rapidly. Understanding of political oratory and public meetings has been skewed by over- emphasis upon the hustings and high-profile politicians. This has generated two misconceptions: that political meetings were generally rowdy and that a golden age of political oratory was secured only through Gladstone’s legendary stumping tours. However, this thesis argues that, far from being disorderly, public meetings were carefully regulated and controlled offering disenfranchised males a genuine democratic space for political discussion. -
Part 1 Majority
Part 1 Majority ∵ <UN> 20 PART 1 My first experience with Majority decision making was in 1973 when I became a teacher at Tulse Hill School in London and began to participate in the lively union life both at the school group meetings, and at the monthly meetings of the Lambeth Teachers Association covering all the schools in that borough. Despite my naïveté, I found the local group meetings relatively easy to follow and participate in and after being at the school for a year I was elected to Chair the group meetings. The staff at this school were highly political and those were days of intense political conflict in Britain. When strike votes were carried by very small margins, it caused me considerable grief, and I experi- enced a steep learning curve. The monthly meetings at Lambeth Town Hall were something else. To be honest, even at the end of three years of attending those meetings it was still all that I could do to follow what was happening in the meeting and know when to put my hand up, far less have any real influence on the business of the meet- ings. The furious political battles between rival political factions in the union mobilized all the resources of formal meeting procedure. Later I went to work at North East London Polytechnic as a technician and was soon elected Secretary of the local astms group. Over a period of six and a half years there I gained a great deal of experience as a unionist, both in repre- senting the technical staff and in chairing the Joint Union Committee bringing the technicians together with administrative, maintenance and academic staff. -
CHAPTER 6 Development
Development CHAPTER 6 Marc Edelman and Angelique Haugerud ‘‘Development’’ is a slippery concept. Is it an ideal, an imagined future toward which institutions and individuals strive? Or is it a destructive myth, anthropology’s ‘‘evil twin’’ (Ferguson 1997), an insidious, failed chapter in the history of Western mod- ernity (Escobar 1995)? Conventionally, ‘‘development’’ may connote improvements in well-being, living standards, and opportunities. It may also refer to processes of commodification, industrialization, modernization, or globalization, and it can be a legitimizing strategy for states. A vision of development as improved well-being, especially in post-colonies, has gradually replaced the one-dimensional economistic measures such as GDP growth, typically favored by neoclassical economists. Influ- enced by scholars such as Amartya Sen, the United Nations Development Program created a Human Development Index that combines indicators of health, life expect- ancy, literacy, formal education, political participation, and access to resources. During roughly the same period, a growing coterie of scholars and grass-roots activists, some of them influenced by Michel Foucault’s understandings of power, has rejected outright the desirability of ‘‘development,’’ which they see as a destruc- tive and self-serving discourse propagated by bureaucrats and aid professionals that permanently entraps the poor in a vicious circle of passivity and misery. Some scholars and activists in the latter category imagine a ‘‘post-development’’ era in which community and ‘‘indigenous’’ knowledge become a reservoir of creative alternatives to development (as argued by A. Escobar, M. Rahnema, V. Bawtree, and W. Sachs, among others). Others focus on alternatives in rather than to development and favor reforms within the existing apparatus.