DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of the Hemiparasitic Plant Pedicularis Kansuensis on Plant Community Structure in a Degraded Grassland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of the Hemiparasitic Plant Pedicularis Kansuensis on Plant Community Structure in a Degraded Grassland Ecol Res (2015) 30: 507–515 DOI 10.1007/s11284-015-1248-4 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Gensheng Bao • Kenji Suetsugu • Hongsheng Wang Xiang Yao • Li Liu • Jing Ou • Chunjie Li Effects of the hemiparasitic plant Pedicularis kansuensis on plant community structure in a degraded grassland Received: 4 March 2014 / Accepted: 30 January 2015 / Published online: 12 February 2015 Ó The Ecological Society of Japan 2015 Abstract Species-rich grasslands have high conservation Fabaceae. We also found that aboveground biomass of value because they support diverse floral and faunal grasses and legumes was higher in quadrats from which assemblages. Alpine grassland is an important and the parasite had been removed than in intact controls, characteristic ecosystem of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while the biomass of sedges and forbs was unaffected by but ca. 30 % has been severely degraded by the com- parasite removal. However, removal significantly de- bined effects of climate change, human activity, over- creased plant species richness and Shannon–Wiener di- grazing and rodent damage. One potential method to versity. These results suggest that P. kansuensis modifies restore grassland diversity involves using hemiparasitic the competitive balance in grassland communities of the plants to modify the competitive relationships among Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, allowing for colonization by neighboring species. A possible candidate is Pedicularis subordinate species and thereby enhancing species di- kansuensis, a hemiparasitic plant found in grasslands versity and contributing to restoration of these degraded throughout the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but more infor- grasslands. mation on its host associations and its effects on sur- rounding vegetation is required to assess its suitability. Keywords Host selectivity Æ Haustoria Æ Host range Æ Thus, we examined host associations of P. kansuensis by Community structure Æ Orobanchaceae direct root excavation at a selected site on the Qinghai- Tibet Plateau and found that haustoria formation is non-randomly distributed among host species, with Introduction preferential bias for members of Poaceae, Rosaceae and Parasitic plants, which comprise more than 20 families, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article 270 genera and more than 1 % of all angiosperm species, (doi:10.1007/s11284-015-1248-4) contains supplementary material, are important components of numerous natural and semi- which is available to authorized users. natural communities (Press 1998). They can be classified G. Bao Æ X. Yao Æ L. Liu Æ C. Li (&) as root or shoot parasites depending where connections State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of are formed with host plants and as hemiparasites or ho- Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, loparasites depending on whether they possess or lack P.O. Box 61, Lanzhou 730020, China functional chloroplasts, respectively (Musselman and E-mail: [email protected] Press 1995). Root hemiparasites retain the capacity for G. Bao photosynthesis, but are partially dependent upon hosts E-mail: [email protected] for the acquisition of water, mineral nutrients and carbon, which they obtain through connections made by special- G. Bao Æ H. Wang Grassland Institute, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and ized organs called haustoria (Irving and Cameron 2009). Veterinary Medicine, 1 Weier Road, Biological Industrial District, It has been suggested that in semi-natural commu- Xining 810003 Qinghai, China nities, root hemiparasites capable of interacting with diverse host species may act as ecosystem engineers, K. Suetsugu Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto modifying community structure and function (Pywell University, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, et al. 2004; Ameloot et al. 2005; Decleer et al. 2013). Japan Although root hemiparasitic plants generally have a wide host range, they damage some species (preferred J. Ou hosts) more than others (Press and Phoenix 2005). Department of Biology, Qinghai University, 251 Ningda Road, Xining 810016 Qinghai, China Consequently, they may be capable of altering the 508 competitive balance among surrounding plants by de- candidate for use in grassland restoration programs in creasing the competitive advantage of dominant species, this region; yet, as a representative species of degraded allowing subordinate species the opportunity to colonize grasslands (Song 2006; Bao and Wang 2011), it may the habitat (Gibson and Watkinson 1992; Marvier 1998; have host preferences for subordinate species and thus Ameloot et al. 2005; Hedberg et al. 2005; Press and contribute to reductions in grassland diversity. Phoenix 2005; Hellstro¨ m et al. 2011; Decleer et al. 2013). More information on the host range, preferences In doing so, root hemiparasitic plants may alter plant and effects of P. kansuensis on degraded plant com- community structure and increase diversity. munities is essential both for understanding its eco- The ecological role of species in the root-hemi- logical role and for rigorously assessing its potential parasitic genus Rhinanthus has been well characterized use in the restoration of species-rich grasslands. Thus, (Gibson and Watkinson 1991, 1992; Davies et al. 1997). we examined the host selectivity and effects on com- Species of Rhinanthus prefer poaceous hosts and have munity structure and productivity of P. kansuensis at a been shown to reduce host competitive advantage, re- selected grassland site on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. leasing forb species from competitive exclusion and Specifically, we examined the host range by directly thereby enhancing grassland diversity (Westbury 2004; observing root systems, quantified host selectivity by Ameloot et al. 2005; Bardgett et al. 2006). The intro- comparing numbers of haustorial connections to each duction of Rhinanthus spp. has been effectively used to host species with root abundance and investigated the restore low-diversity pastures to high-diversity meadows effects of P. kansuensis removal on plant community in Europe (Pywell et al. 2004; Westbury 2004; Bullock structure and productivity. and Pywell 2005). However, little is known about the effects of other hemiparasites on the structure and pro- ductivity of natural plant communities, including whe- Materials and methods ther they increase species diversity by limiting competitive dominants and thereby facilitate coexistence Study species and site (Press and Phoenix 2005). If root hemiparasites prefer subordinate species as hosts, they could reduce the P. kansuensis Maxim. is an annual or biennial herb that abundance of subordinate species, enhancing the com- is endemic to northwestern China and typically grows to petitive advantage of dominant species, and reducing the 20–45 cm in height. The stems are usually straight with a overall diversity of the plant community (Gibson and terminal inflorescence that is typically 25–30 cm long, Watkinson 1989). Thus, rigorous assessment of hemi- with numerous purple–pink to purple–red, or sometimes parasitic species’ host preferences is required to predict white, flowers (Yang et al. 1998). It invades semi-natural their effects on specific ecosystems. or degraded grasslands and has been used as an indi- Species-rich grasslands have high conservation value cator species of degraded pastures (Qiu et al. 2006; Zhe because they support diverse floral and faunal assem- et al. 2010). Like other root or stem parasites, P. kan- blages. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, sometimes called the suensis absorbs nutrients and water from its host via Earth’s ‘‘third pole’’, is an important eco-region (Wang haustoria. and Cheng 2001) in which alpine grasslands are a Field studies were carried out at a grassland site in characteristic landscape. Combined effects of climate Haiyan County, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefec- change, human activity, overgrazing and rodent dam- ture, Qinghai Province, China (37°03¢44.82¢¢N, age, however, have severely degraded almost 30 % of 100°42¢34.40¢¢E) between May and September of both alpine grasslands in the plateau (Yang et al. 2004; Shang 2012 and 2013. According to data acquired from the and Long 2007). Consequently, grassland restoration is weather bureau of Qinghai Province, the average annual vital to conserve biodiversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Pla- rainfall from 2000 to 2012 in this region was 286.4 mm, teau. most of which (180.5 mm) fell between June and August. Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) is one of the largest The mean annual average temperature was À1.9 °C, genera of flowering plants, comprising 800 species with monthly means ranging from À16.4 °C in January mainly distributed in montane and alpine zones of the to 11.8 °C in August. Because of intense grazing, northern hemisphere (Mill 2001; Wang et al. 2003;Ree vegetative cover at the site during the study period was 2005). There are an estimated 364 species of Pedicularis less than 60 %. Therefore, according to the cover scale in China alone (Yang et al. 2010; Yu et al. 2011), most of of Zhou et al. (2005) (non-degraded >85 %, lightly which inhabit degraded or semi-natural grasslands with degraded 70–85 %, moderately degraded 50–70 %, a consistent assemblage of co-occurring plants (Zhou heavily degraded <50 %), the grassland was classified et al. 2003; Qiu et al. 2006; Zhe et al. 2010). Many as moderately degraded. The vegetation of this alpine Pedicularis species can exploit a wide range of hosts grassland was composed primarily of Kobresia capilli- (Piehl 1963; Musselman and Mann
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus Minor
    Yellow Rattle Rhinanthus minor Yellow rattle is part of the figwort family (Scrophulariaceae) and is an annual plant associated with species-rich meadows. It can grow up to 50 cm tall and the stem can have black spots. Pairs of triangular serrated leaves are arranged in opposite pairs up the stem and the stem may have several branches. Flowers are arranged in leafy spikes at the top of the stem and the green calyx tube at the bottom of each flower is flattened, slightly inflated and bladder-like. The yellow flowers are also flattened and bilaterally symmetrical. The upper lip has two short 1 mm violet teeth and the lower lip has three lobes. The flattened seeds rattle inside the calyx when ripe. Lifecycle Yellow rattle is an annual plant germinating early in the year, usually February – April, flowering in May – August and setting seed from July – September before the plant dies. The seeds are large and may not survive long in the soil seed bank. Seed germination trials have found that viability quickly reduces within six months, and spring sown seed has a much lower germination rate. Yellow rattle seed often requires a period of cold, termed vernalisation, to trigger germination. It is a hemi-parasite on grasses and legumes. This means that it is partially parasitic, gaining energy through the roots of plants and also using photosynthesis. This ability of yellow rattle makes it extremely useful in the restoration of wildflower meadows as it reduces vegetation cover enabling perennial wildflowers to grow. However, some grasses, such as fescues, are resistant to parasitism by yellow rattle and in high nutrient soils, Yellow rattle distribution across Britain and Ireland grasses such as perennial rye-grass, may grow The data used to create these maps has been provided under very quickly shading out yellow rattle plants licence from the Botanical Society which are not tolerant of shady conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5. Establishment of the Parasite
    Parasitic Flowering Plants Chapter 5. Establishment of the parasite This chapter primarily deals with how a parasite becomes established, how the haustoria are initi- ated and develop, and how water and nutrients are transferred from host to parasite. In this con- text the structure of the interface (Fig. 333) is of particular interest. In other words, the focus will be on what it means to be a parasitic plant, and * how this comes about. It is natural, however, first to look at how at least some of the parasite seeds end in a suitable place for germination near a po- tential host. Then we will develop a further un- derstanding of the fascinating and complex haus- torium, which parasites use to extract materials from their hosts. The general structure of mature haustoria is described along with the presenta- A tion of the parasitic families, and the terminol- ogy is outlined in Chapter . Seed dispersal strategies Parasitic plants have adopted one of five differ- ent strategies for seed dispersal. The purpose of all four strategies is to bring seeds either in di- rect contact with a suitable host, or to bring * seeds within a critical distance beyond which a seedling has no chance to reach the host through its own growth. This is simply because the stored nutrients in the seed are limited, and therefore the seedling will otherwise die. The critical dis- tance varies of course with species. The five germination strategies are as follow: B A. The seeds are relatively large and have enough storied nutrients in the form of starch, Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Structure and Eco-Geographical Differentiation of Lancea Tibetica in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
    G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Genetic Structure and Eco-Geographical Differentiation of Lancea tibetica in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Xiaofeng Chi 1,2 , Faqi Zhang 1,2,* , Qingbo Gao 1,2, Rui Xing 1,2 and Shilong Chen 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (Q.G.); [email protected] (R.X.) 2 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810001, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.Z.); [email protected] (S.C.) Received: 14 December 2018; Accepted: 24 January 2019; Published: 29 January 2019 Abstract: The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) had a profound impact on the plant speciation rate and genetic diversity. High genetic diversity ensures that species can survive and adapt in the face of geographical and environmental changes. The Tanggula Mountains, located in the central of the QTP, have unique geographical significance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Tanggula Mountains as a geographical barrier on plant genetic diversity and structure by using Lancea tibetica. A total of 456 individuals from 31 populations were analyzed using eight pairs of microsatellite makers. The total number of alleles was 55 and the number per locus ranged from 3 to 11 with an average of 6.875. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.2693 to 0.7761 with an average of 0.4378 indicating that the eight microsatellite makers were efficient for distinguishing genotypes.
    [Show full text]
  • Differential Response of Alpine Steppe and Alpine Meadow to Climate
    Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 223 (2016) 233–240 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Agricultural and Forest Meteorology j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/agrformet Differential response of alpine steppe and alpine meadow to climate warming in the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau a,b a,b,∗ c d Hasbagan Ganjurjav , Qingzhu Gao , Elise S. Gornish , Mark W. Schwartz , a,b a,b a,b e a,b a,b Yan Liang , Xujuan Cao , Weina Zhang , Yong Zhang , Wenhan Li , Yunfan Wan , a,b f f a,b Yue Li , Luobu Danjiu , Hongbao Guo , Erda Lin a Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China b Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment & Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China c Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616, USA d Institute of the Environment, University of California, Davis 95616, USA e State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China f Nagqu Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau, Tibet Autonomous Region, Nagqu 852100, China a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Recently, the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau has experienced significant warming. Climate warming is expected Received 9 November 2015 to have profound effects on plant community productivity and composition, which can drive ecosystem Received in revised form 6 March 2016 structure and function. To explore effects of warming on plant community productivity and compo- Accepted 30 March 2016 sition, we conducted a warming experiment using open top chambers (OTCs) from 2012 to 2014 in Available online 2 May 2016 alpine meadow and alpine steppe habitat on the central Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau.
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plant Resources in Skuru Watershed of Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary and Their Uses in Traditional Medicines System of Ladakh, India
    International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine Research Artilce Open Access Medicinal plant resources in Skuru watershed of Karakoram wildlife sanctuary and their uses in traditional medicines system of Ladakh, India Abstract Volume 11 Issue 5 - 2018 Background: The objectives of the present study were to document the medicinal Stanzin Namtak, Ramesh C Sharma plant resources of Skuru watershed in Karakoram Wildlife Sanctuary and their uses Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal in traditional medicines system (Amchi) of Ladakh. Amchi system of medicines is University (A Central University), India a complementary medicines system in Ladakh. The medicinal plants were collected in the summer season of 2015 and 2016. These medicinal plants were identified at Correspondence: Stanzin Namtak, Department of H.N.B. Garhwal University Herbarium and from some published literature. During Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central these surveys, 73 plant species belonging to 31 families were recorded. It was also University), Srinagar-Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India, found that maximum plant species were being in use for ailments related to digestive Email [email protected] system, followed by musculoskeletal, respiratory system, skin, cardiovascular system and blood, and nervous system. Among the plant parts used, leaves were in maximum Received: June 10, 2018 | Published: October 15, 2018 use for herbal medicines preparations followed by whole plants, flowers, shoot, roots, stem, seeds, fruits, bulbs, bark, rhizomes and tuber. Keywords: amchi, leh ladakh, medicinal plants, traditional knowledge Introduction of flora of the area.7,8 The vegetation of Ladakh is in the range of 2,700m to 6,000m a.s.l.
    [Show full text]
  • Central European Vegetation
    Plant Formations in the Central European BioProvince Peter Martin Rhind Central European Beech Woodlands Beech (Fagus sylvatica) woods form the natural climax over much of Central Europe where the soils are relatively dry and can extend well into the uplands in the more southern zones. In the north, however, around Sweden it is confined to the lowlands. Beech woodlands are often open with a poorly developed shrub layer, Characteristic ground layer species may include various helleborines such as Cephalanthera damasonium, C. longifolia and C. rubra and sedges such as Carex alba, whilst in others, grasses like Sesleria caerlea or Melica uniflora may predominate, but in some of the more acidic examples, Luzula luzuloides is likely to dominate. There are also a number of endemic ground layer species. For example, in Carpathian beech woods endemics such as Dentaria glandulosa (Brassicaceae), Symphytum cordata (Boraginaceae) and the fern Polystichum braunii (Dryopteridaceae) may be encountered. Fine examples of primeaval beech woods can be found in the limestone Alps of lower Austria including the famous ‘Rothwald’ on the southeastern slopes of Dürrentein near Lunz. These range in altitude from about 940-1480 m. Here the canopy is dominated by Fagus sylvatica together with Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies, Ulmus glabra, and on the more acidic soils by Abies alba. Typical shrubs include Daphne mezereum, Lonicera alpigena and Rubus hirtus. At ground level the herb layer is very rich supporting possibly up to a 100 species of vascular plants. Examples include Adenostyles alliariae, Asplenium viridis, Campanula scheuchzeri, Cardamine trifolia, Cicerbita alpina, Denteria enneaphyllos, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Galium austriacum, Homogyne alpina, Lycopodium annotinum, Mycelis muralis, Paris quadrifolia, Phyteuma spicata, Prenanthes purpurea, Senecio fuchsii, Valeriana tripteris, Veratrum album and the central European endemic Helliborus niger (Ranunculaceae).
    [Show full text]
  • Career Summary Research Interests Key Specialist Training Teaching
    CV| Dr Gulzar Khan | 1 Career Summary I am a molecular ecologist with background in population genetics, phylogenetics, speciation, biodiversity and conservation. I began my career as a plant systematists & taxonomist and moved into molecular ecology, mainly working on speciation, biodiversity and conservation utilizing tools from next generation phylogenetics, and population genetics combined with ecological niche modelling. My research integrates knowledge of genetic diversity into conservation strategies. Previous research projects include accessing hybridization and introgression in some Melocactus species from eastern Brazil to see their effects on conservation by using ddRAD- seq protocol, population genetic structure in an microendemic and threatened cactus species from eastern Brazil, taxonomic challenges posed by a naturally fragmented system in microendemic cactus species, and molecular phylogenetics and comparative Phylogeography of Spiroides (Rosaceae) found on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau. I am committed to research about next generation biogeography, population genetics, evolution, and Phylogenomics to contribute towards conservation issues. Research interests High Priority and Microendemic species; Determinants of genetic diversity; Genetic Conservation; Next generation population genomics; Gene Flow; Landscape genomics. Key specialist training Involved in ddRAD libraries preparation for next generation DNA sequencing through Illumina platform using different protocols. Involved that how to simulate the fragments which we could get using different restriction enzymes with the information of genome size and GC contents in non-model species without a reference genome. Involved to use pyRAD, ipyRAD and STACKS pipelines. Involved in genotyping of chloroplast, nuclear, SSR markers, and transcriptome analysis. Involved to use Ecological Niche Modelling with different algorithms to know the distributions of taxa at different climatic oscillations by using different ecological variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Pinto Carrasco, Daniel (V.R).Pdf
    FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÁNICA Y FISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL Estudios biosistemáticos y filogeográficos en el género Odontites s.l. en el Mediterráneo Occidental y en la región Macaronésica TESIS DOCTORAL Daniel Pinto Carrasco Salamanca, 2020 FACULTAD DE BIOLOGÍA DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÁNICA Y FISIOLOGÍA VEGETAL Estudios biosistemáticos y filogeográficos en el género Odontites s.l. en el Mediterráneo Occidental y en la región Macaronésica Memoria presentada por Daniel Pinto Carrasco para optar al Grado de Doctor por la Universidad de Salamanca VºBº del director VºBº de la directora Prof. Dr. Enrique Rico Hernández Prof. Dra. Mª Montserrat Martínez Ortega Salamanca, 2020 D. Enrique Rico Hernández y Dña. Mª Montserrat Martínez Ortega, ambos Catedráticos de Botánica de la Universidad de Salamanca AUTORIZAN, la presentación, para su lectura, de la Tesis Doctoral titulada Estudios biosistemáticos y filogeográficos en el género Odontites s.l. en el Mediterráneo Occidental y en la región Macaronésica, realizada por D. Daniel Pinto Carrasco, bajo su dirección, en la Universidad de Salamanca. Y para que así conste a los efectos legales, expiden y firman el presente certificado en Salamanca, a 13 de Octubre de 2020. Fdo. Enrique Rico Hernández Fdo. Mª Montserrat Martínez Ortega Común es el sol y el viento, común ha de ser la tierra, que vuelva común al pueblo lo que del pueblo saliera. —Luis López Álvarez, Romance de los comuneros— “En España lo mejor es el pueblo. Siempre ha sido lo mismo. En los trances duros, los señoritos invocan la patria y la venden; el pueblo no la nombra siquiera, pero la compra con su sangre y la salva.” —Antonio Machado; Carta a Vigodsky, 20-02-1937— V XL Este mundo es el camino Así, con tal entender, para el otro, que es morada todos sentidos humanos sin pesar; conservados, mas cumple tener buen tino cercado de su mujer para andar esta jornada y de sus hijos y hermanos sin errar.
    [Show full text]
  • Grazing Exclusion Changed the Complexity and Keystone Species of Alpine Meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
    fevo-09-638157 June 23, 2021 Time: 17:27 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 28 June 2021 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.638157 Grazing Exclusion Changed the Complexity and Keystone Species of Alpine Meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Yong Zhang1,2, Qingzhu Gao3, Hasbagan Ganjurjav3*, Shikui Dong1, Qiuzhu Zheng2, Yandan Ma2 and Kemin Liang2 1 School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China, 2 National Plateau Wetlands Research Center, College of Wetlands, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China, 3 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China Grazing exclusion is an effective approach to restore degraded grasslands. However, the effects of grazing exclusion on keystone species and the complexity of plant community were poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a field survey among different grazing exclusion durations, i.e., Grazing, grazing exclusion below 5 years, grazing exclusion Edited by: with 5 years, grazing exclusion with 7 years, and grazing exclusion over 7 years, in alpine Mesenbet Yibeltal, meadows on the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). The complexity and keystone Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia species of alpine meadows were analyzed by a network analysis. The results showed Reviewed by: the following: (1) The species richness did not change, but aboveground biomass and Réka Kiss, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the coverage of the plant community tended to increase with the extension of the Hungary grazing exclusion duration. (2) The soil nutrients, i.e., total nitrogen, total organic carbon, Fei Peng, Northwest Institute available nitrogen, and available potassium, remained stable, while the soil bulk density of Eco-Environment and Resources, decreased under grazing exclusion conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Constituents from Striga Asiatica and Its Chemotaxonomic Study
    (This is a sample cover image for this issue. The actual cover is not yet available at this time.) This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 48 (2013) 100–106 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Biochemical Systematics and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Chemical constituents from Striga asiatica and its chemotaxonomic study Wen Huang a, Shi-Biao Wu b, Ye-Ling Wang a, Zhi-Yong Guo a, Edward J. Kennelly a,b, Chun-Lin Long a,c,* a College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave, Beijing 100081, China b Department of Biological Sciences, Lehman College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, United States c Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming 650201, China article info abstract Article history: Six flavonoids, diosmetin (1), apigenin (2), luteolin (3), chrysoeriol (4), apigenin-7-O- Received 12 July 2012 glucuronide (5) and acacetin (6), two caffeic acid sugar esters, verbascoside (7) and Accepted 28 October 2012 isoverbascoside (8), as well as one norsesquiterpene, blumenol A (9) were isolated or Available online detected from the EtOAc and n-BuOH extract of the whole plants of Striga asiatica.
    [Show full text]
  • UDRŽITELNÝ VÝVOJ SVĚTOVÝCH REGIONŮ? Ekologické Vazby Vývoje Lidské Populace a Vegetace
    Pavel V a l t r a kolektiv UDRŽITELNÝ VÝVOJ SVĚTOVÝCH REGIONŮ? Ekologické vazby vývoje lidské populace a vegetace AFRIKA A ARABSKÝ POLOOSTROV vč. Madagaskaru a Maskarén Encyklopedie SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD? Ecological linkages between development of human populations and vegetation AFRICA AND ARABIAN PENINSULA incl. Madagascar and Mascaren Islands Encyclopaedia Aktualizace 13. 9. 2021 1 Státy severní Afriky jsou obsaženy v díle VI - Středozemí 2 OBSAH / CONTENTS str.: Úvod / Introduction 5 A. Ekologické souvislosti / Ecological connections 9 A.1. Stav, vývoj a ekologické vazby přírody a lidí / State, evolution and ecological connections between nature and humans 9 A.1.1. Biogeografické členění / Biogeographic classification 9 A.1.2. Příroda a původní obyvatelé Afriky a Arábie / Nature and original inhabitants 13 A.1.3. Vlivy neuvážené lidské činnosti, zpouštněni (desertifikace) / Effects of reckless human activities, desertification 32 A.1.4. Klima a klimatické změny / Climate and climate change 38 A.1.5. Biodiverzita, ochrana přírody: ekosystémová asistenční péče versus ideologie bezzásahovosti k „výrobě divočiny“ ve zkulturněných biotopech, spolupráce s přírodou / Biodiversity, nature conservation: ecosystem assistance care versus ideology of non-intervention heading for “production of wilderness” in the cultivated biotopes, cooperation with nature 41 A.2. Situace popisovaných zemí / Described Countries 46 A.3. České stopy v Africe / Czech footprints in Africa 119 B. Přehled rostlin / Survey Plants 134 B.1. Poznámky k seznamu / Comments to Checklist 134 B.1.1. Celkový pohled na biodiverzitu, struktura zpracování publikace / General view of biodiversity, structure of the publication treatment 120 B.1.2. Použité zkratky / List of Abbrevitations 121 B.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Acteoside and Related Phenylethanoid Glycosides in Byblis Liniflora Salisb
    Vol. 73, No. 1: 9-15, 2004 ACTA SOCIETATIS BOTANICORUM POLONIAE 9 ACTEOSIDE AND RELATED PHENYLETHANOID GLYCOSIDES IN BYBLIS LINIFLORA SALISB. PLANTS PROPAGATED IN VITRO AND ITS SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE JAN SCHLAUER1, JAROMIR BUDZIANOWSKI2, KRYSTYNA KUKU£CZANKA3, LIDIA RATAJCZAK2 1 Institute of Plant Biochemistry, University of Tübingen Corrensstr. 41, 72076 Tübingen, Germany 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medical Sciences in Poznañ w. Marii Magdaleny 14, 61-861 Poznañ, Poland 3 Botanical Garden, University of Wroc³aw Sienkiewicza 23, 50-335 Wroc³aw, Poland (Received: May 30, 2003. Accepted: February 4, 2004) ABSTRACT From plantlets of Byblis liniflora Salisb. (Byblidaceae), propagated by in vitro culture, four phenylethanoid glycosides acteoside, isoacteoside, desrhamnosylacteoside and desrhamnosylisoacteoside were isolated. The presence of acteoside substantially supports a placement of the family Byblidaceae in order Scrophulariales and subclass Asteridae. Moreover, the genera containing acteoside are listed; almost all of them appear to belong to the order Scrophulariales. KEY WORDS: Byblis liniflora, Byblidaceae, Scrophulariales, chemotaxonomy, phenylethanoid gly- cosides, acteoside, in vitro propagation. INTRODUCTION et Conran, B. filifolia Planch, B. rorida Lowrie et Conran, and B. lamellata Conran et Lowrie. Byblidaceae are a small family of essentially Western Byblis liniflora Salisb. grows erect to 15-20 cm. Its lea- and Northern Australian (extending to Papuasia) herbs ves are alternate, involute in vernation, simple, linear with with exstipulate, linear sticky leaves spirally arranged a clavate apical swelling, and with stipitate, adhesive and along a more or less upright or sprawling stem and solita- sessile, digestive glands on the lamina (Huxley et al. 1992; ry, ebracteolate, pentamerous, weakly sympetalous, very Lowrie 1998).
    [Show full text]