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Policing by Consent: Understanding and Improving Relations Between Gypsies, Roma, Travellers and the Police

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Policing by Consent: Understanding and Improving Relations Between Gypsies, Roma, Travellers and the Police Policing by consent: Understanding and improving relations between Gypsies, Roma, Travellers and the police 1 © The Traveller Movement Acknowledgements The Traveller Movement (TM) is extremely grateful to all the community members, police officers and PCSOs who gave up their time to participate in this study. It would also like to thank Thames Valley Police, Cheshire Constabulary, Cambridgeshire Constabulary, the Met and Sussex Police for facilitating interviews with officers. Special thanks are also owed to Leeds Gypsy and Traveller Exchange, Irish Community Care Merseyside and staff members at the Traveller Movement for helping to coordinate interviews. TM wishes to express its gratitude to members of the steering group for providing invaluable advice and guidance at all stages of the project. Members include Mark Watson from Cheshire Police and a TM Trustee, Nick Glynn from the Open Society Initiative for Europe, Jim Davies co-founder of the Gypsy Roma Traveller Police Association and formerly a PC with Thames Valley Police, Professor Margaret Greenfields of Buckinghamshire New University, Laura Greason from the Roma Support Group, Rosemary Lloyd from the Equality and Human Rights Commission, and Sabrina Stuart from TM. TM would also like to thank Paul Quinton from the College of Policing, John Coxhead from the East Midlands Policing Academic Collaboration, Petr Torak MBE co-founder of the Gypsy Roma Traveller Police Association and formerly a PC with Cambridgeshire Constabulary, Cathay Birch and Josie O’Driscoll for their advice and guidance. TM would like to thank Matt Brindley, former member of its policy team, for his hard work and dedication in conducting the research and drafting the report. Finally, without the Joseph Rowntree Foundation, this report would not have been possible; many thanks to them for their important contribution. 2 © The Traveller Movement Contents 1. Executive summary and recommendations ............................................................................. 6 2. Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 11 3. Police community relations in the past and present .............................................................. 12 Lack of trust and confidence in recent years ............................................................................. 12 A long history of persecution ........................................................................................................ 14 Gypsy, Roma, Traveller ethnicity misunderstood and seen as a risk factor ......................... 15 Current policy and practice ........................................................................................................... 18 4. Survey of police force approaches to GRT community engagement ................................. 21 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 22 Key Findings ................................................................................................................................... 22 Community engagement strategies ......................................................................................... 22 Targeted strategies for community engagement ............................................................... 22 Part of wider policing strategies ........................................................................................... 23 Associating GRT communities with unauthorised encampments ................................... 23 The role of Gypsy Traveller Liaison Officers .......................................................................... 24 Majority of dedicated roles place emphasis on enforcement .......................................... 24 A minority of dedicated roles focus on community engagement .................................... 25 Wider community liaison (non-dedicated engagement) ................................................... 27 Cross-sector working and involving the GRT communities ............................................. 28 5. Qualitative study: Relationships, policing issues and building trust .................................... 29 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 29 Demographics of sample .............................................................................................................. 30 Key findings ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Relationships ............................................................................................................................... 31 Current state of relations ....................................................................................................... 31 Changes in relationship in recent years .............................................................................. 34 Confidence with one another ................................................................................................ 35 Discriminatory behaviour, unconscious bias and harassment ........................................ 38 Policing issues ............................................................................................................................ 41 Ethnicity as a risk factor ........................................................................................................ 42 Living roadside and unauthorised encampments .............................................................. 44 Influence of the wider public ................................................................................................. 48 3 © The Traveller Movement Reporting crime ...................................................................................................................... 50 The role of Gypsy Traveller Liaison Officers ...................................................................... 52 Building trust ............................................................................................................................... 54 Institutional and structural changes ..................................................................................... 54 Engagement and interaction ................................................................................................. 56 Recruitment ............................................................................................................................. 59 Addressing discriminatory behaviour .................................................................................. 61 Training .................................................................................................................................... 63 6. Attitudinal survey of police officers and community members ............................................. 65 7. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 69 Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 73 Appendix C: Gypsy Traveller Liaison Officers’ job descriptions ................................................ 79 References .......................................................................................................................................... 81 4 © The Traveller Movement Figures Figure 1: Crime Survey for England and Wales, perceptions of local police by personal characteristic, year ending March 2016 (percentage saying they 'strongly agree' or 'tend to agree') ................................................................................................................................. 14 Figure 2: Change in number of PCSOs (full-time equivalents) from 31 March 2010 to 31 March 2016 ......................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 3: Current relations between police and GRT communities ...................................... 31 Figure 4: Changes in police and GRT community relations in recent years ......................... 34 Figure 5: Responses by police and GRT community members to the statement 'The police treat GRT communities fairly' .............................................................................................. 65 Figure 6: Responses by police and GRT community members to the statement 'The police treat GRT communities with respect' ................................................................................... 66 Figure 7: Responses by police and GRT community members to the statement 'GRT communities treat the police with respect' ........................................................................... 66 Figure 8: Responses by police and GRT community members to the statement 'The police are dealing with the things that matter to the GRT communities' ......................................... 67 Figure 9: Responses by police and GRT community members to the statement 'The police understand the issues that affect the GRT communities' ..................................................... 67 Figure 10: Responses by police and GRT community members to the statement 'The police can be relied on to be there when the GRT communities
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