Seventh Annual Report
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Scottish Institute for Policing Research Annual Report 2013 Cover picture © Police Scotland © Scottish Institute for Policing Research, April 2014 2 The Scottish Institute for Policing Research A 60 Second Briefing The Scottish Institute for Policing Research (SIPR) is a strategic collaboration between 12 of Scotland’s universities1 and the Scottish police service supported by investment from Police Scotland, the Scottish Funding Council and the participating universities. Our key aims are: • To undertake high quality, independent, and relevant research; • To support knowledge exchange between researchers and practitioners and improve the research evidence base for policing policy and practice; • To expand and develop the research capacity in Scotland’s universities and the police service; • To promote the development of national and international links with researcher, practitioner and policy communities. We are an interdisciplinary Institute which brings together researchers from the social sciences, natural sciences and humanities around three broad thematic areas: Police-Community Relations; Evidence & Investigation; and Police Organization; We promote a collaborative approach to research that involves academics and practitioners working together in the creation, sharing and application of knowledge about policing; Our activities are coordinated by an Executive Committee comprising academic researchers and chief police officers, and we are accountable to a Board of Governance which includes the Principals of the participating universities and Her Majesty’s Inspector of Constabulary for Scotland. We work closely with Police Scotland, the Scottish Government and the Scottish Parliament to ensure our research informs the development of policing policy in Scotland; We engage in joint projects with colleagues in the Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research, and are a founding member of the European Police Institutes Collaboration (EPIC) and currently chair the Policing Working Group of the European Society of Criminology; Since we were established in 2007 our key achievements include: • The award of over £7.5 million in research grant income to academics in the participating universities; • Supporting the development of a postgraduate community with over 60 students having completed or currently studying for PhDs on policing-related subjects since 2007; • Investing in a dynamic knowledge exchange programme of over 90 events attended by more than 4,500 people; • Establishing Scotland’s first postgraduate programme in Policing Studies for police practitioners and those who work with policing organisations; • An award-winning partnership with the Scottish Police College for the delivery of a Continuous Professional Development programme. 1 Abertay, Dundee, Edinburgh, Edinburgh Napier, Glasgow, Glasgow Caledonian, Heriot-Watt, Robert Gordon, St Andrews, Stirling, Strathclyde, and West of Scotland. 3 Contents The Scottish Institute for Policing Research: A 60 Second Briefing 3 Introduction Professor Nicholas Fyfe, Director, SIPR 6 Research Features Domestic Violence and Victim/ Police Interaction Sarah MacQueen, SCCJR, University of Edinburgh 10 Policing Youth Violence: Transatlantic Connections Ross Deuchar, University of the West of Scotland 12 Electronic Alcohol Monitoring and Violence Prevention Fergus Neville, University of St Andrews 14 The Scottish Police and Citizen Engagement (S.P.A.C.E.) Project Annette Robertson and Lesley 16 McMillan, Glasgow Caledonian University The Scottish Community Engagement Trial (ScotCET) Sarah MacQueen, SCCJR, University of 18 Edinburgh; Ben Bradford, University of Oxford Listening to Radicals: Changing policy by directly engaging attitudes on political violence 19 Jeffrey Murer, University of St Andrews Preventing crime through spatial modelling Janine Illian and Charlotte Jones-Todd, University of 20 St Andrews Evaluating the value of Crimestoppers to Police Scotland Penny Haddrill and Niamh Nic Daeid, 22 Centre for Forensic Science, University of Strathclyde The Proactive Turn: stop and search in Scotland Kath Murray, University of Edinburgh 24 Exploring Alternative Perspectives on Rural Crime and Criminality Rob Smith, Robert Gordon 26 University Geographies of Missing People: Improving Police Education and Response to Missing Persons 28 Olivia Stevenson and Hester Parr, University of Glasgow; Penny Woolnough, Police Scotland Interagency adult support and protection practice of police and health and social care 30 professionals: a realistic evaluation approach Sundari Joseph, Robert Gordon University and University of Aberdeen Promoting Access to Justice in a Multilingual World Police Interpreting Research Group Centre for 32 Translation & Interpreting Studies in Scotland (CTISS), Department of Languages and Intercultural Studies, (LINCS), Heriot-Watt University Obtaining interpreter-mediated evidence from children in legal contexts Ursula Böser and Christine 34 Wilson, Heriot-Watt University; David La Rooy, University of Abertay Local Policing and Police Reform in Scotland: some initial research findings Simon Anderson, 36 ScotCen Social Research; Nicholas Fyfe, SIPR / University of Dundee; Jan Terpstra, University of Njmegen and Visiting Scholar, SIPR The Governance of Security and the Analysis of Risk for Sporting Mega-Events: creating a 'living 38 legacy' for Europe from an analysis of security planning for the Glasgow Commonwealth Games (G2014) Michele Burman, Simon Mackenzie, Chris Johnson, Suzanne Young, Katrina Morrison and Jon Pickering, University of Glasgow; Nick Fyfe, SIPR / University of Dundee; Niall Hamilton-Smith, University of Stirling Dynamic Forensics Evaluation and Training (DFET) Bill Buchanan, Edinburgh Napier University 40 4 SIPR supported Post-Doctoral Research Assistants and PhD studentships 41 Recent and current PhD Studentships on policing related topics supported by 42 HEIs, research councils and other sources SIPR Research & Knowledge Exchange Awards 2013-14 46 External research grants awarded in 2013 47 Research Publications and Conference Presentations 2013 50 SIPR On-line Publications 65 Programme of Network Seminars and Events 67 Alignment between recent and current policing research and knowledge exchange 78 In Scotland and the Scottish Policing Assessment SIPR Committee Membership Executive Committee 83 International Advisory Committee 83 Network Steering Group 84 5 Introduction Tracking the impacts of police reform We are hosting policing scholars and practitioners from the Netherlands, Sweden and New Zealand who The publication of this year’s annual report coincides are interested in the Scottish experience and have with the first anniversary of the establishment of produced a book with Dutch colleagues, Centralizing Police Scotland. Arguably the most significant forces?: Comparative Perspectives on Police Reform change to policing in this country since the birth of in Northern and Western Europe (co-edited by Fyfe modern professional police forces in Scotland in the (Dundee), Terpstra, (Njimegen) and Tops (Tilburg)). early 19th century, this transformative moment in policing has created a range of important opportunities for SIPR. We are now leading a range of projects, from tracking public perceptions of the new policing arrangements at a national level via Scotland’s annual Social Attitudes Survey (in partnership with the Scottish Centre for Social Research) through to a detailed examination of the local aspects of reform, using case studies that focus on the experiences of police officers, community organisations and local authorities (via a collaborative PhD studentship with Police Scotland). The importance of SIPR’s contribution in this area has already been highlighted by Audit Scotland in their report Police Reform: Progress Update 2013 and SIPR has submitted evidence to the Policing Sub- Committee of the Scottish Parliament’s Justice Committee as part of its scrutiny of the local aspects of police reform (see pages 36). In addition, we are working closely with international partners to place Scotland’s experience of reform in a comparative perspective. Providing access to evidence of ‘what works’ in policing However, SIPR’s response to police reform must be more than a reactive one. As new approaches to service delivery are developed within the national force, SIPR must use research evidence to provide Police Scotland with insights into ‘what works’ and what is cost effective. This has always been a central concern of SIPR’s knowledge exchange programme and to coincide with the start of the national force we published Policing: Connecting Evidence and Practice which contains the text of the SIPR Annual Lectures from 2007-2012, all delivered by leading international policing scholars and police practitioners. Our ability to contribute to the ‘what works’ agenda has been further enhanced by two other major projects that began in 2013. With joint funding from Scottish Government and SIPR, research is underway to test the impact of introducing the principles of procedural justice into police-public encounters and probationer training in Scotland (see 6 pp. 16-18) drawing on similar initiatives that have During 2013, however, we also significantly been piloted in Australia and the US. Both these strengthened our trans-Atlantic relationships through interventions are being evaluated using a randomised a joint symposium with the Center for Evidence- control trial methodology, the first time such as an Based Crime Policy (CEBCP) at George