9TH A NNUAL Frank K. Kelly Lecture ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE AMBASSADOR Max Kampelman

ZERO NUCLEAR WEAPONS FOR A SANE AND SUSTAINABLE WORLD

NUCLEAR AGE PEACE FOUNDATION Working for a World Free of Nuclear Weapons EMPOWERING PEACE LEADERS Strengthening International Law Frank K. Kelly Lecture ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE

he Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future was established by the Nuclear Age Peace TFoundation in 2002. The lecture series honors Frank Kelly, a founder and senior vice president of the Foundation, whose vision and compassion are perpetuated through this ongoing lecture series. Each annual lecture is presented by a distin - guished individual to explore the contours of humanity’s present circumstances and ways by which we can shape a more promising future for our planet and all its inhabitants. Mr. Kelly, for whom the lecture series is named, gave the inaugural lecture in 2002 on “Glorious Beings: What We Are and What We May Become.” The lecture presented in this booklet, “Zero Nuclear Weapons for a Sane and Sustainable World,” is the ninth in the series. It was presented by Ambassador Max Kampelman at Santa Barbara City College on February 25, 2010. The 2009 lecture was presented by Frances Moore Lappé on “Living Democracy, Feeding Hope.” The 2008 lecture was given by Colman McCarthy on “Teach Peace.” The 2007 lecture was delivered by Jakob von Uexküll on “Globalization: Values, Responsibil - ity and Global Justice.” The 2006 lecture was presented by Nobel Peace Laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire on “A Right to Live without Violence, Nuclear Weapons and War.” The 2005 lecture was delivered by Dr. Robert Jay Lifton on “America and the Human Future: Surviving Vietnam, 9/11, and Iraq.” The 2004 lecture in this series was presented by Dame Anita Roddick on “Kindness as a Key to Humanity’s Future.” Profes - sor Richard Falk gave the 2003 lecture on “American Civil Liberties and Human Rights Under Siege.” Frank Kelly has had a remarkable life. He has been a science-fiction writer (later inducted into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame), a journalist, a soldier in World War II, a Nieman Fellow at Harvard University, a speechwriter for Harry Truman, the assistant to the US Senate Majority Leader, vice president of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions and a leader in the campaign to create the US Institute for Peace. He co-founded the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation in 1982. He is the author of ten books and countless articles. Beyond all of his achievements, Frank has exhibited a remarkable faith in humanity and its future. He has lived with a spirit of optimism and hope. He has been a visionary advocate for humanity and has inspired many people through his writing and teaching to take action on behalf of humanity. The lecture series is endowed to carry forward Frank’s vision. If you would like to help support the lecture series by adding to the endowment, please let us know. We also invite you to learn more about the Frank K. Kelly Lecture series and about the work of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation by visiting our website: www.wagingpeace.org. Prior lectures in this series are available from the Foundation. INTRODUCTION

mbassador Max Kampelman has had a long and full life as an educator, lawyer and Adiplomat. As an educator, his first love, he has been a teacher of political science at the , Bennington College, Claremont College, the University of Wisconsin and Howard University. As a lawyer, Ambassador Kampelman has had a long association with the law firm of Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson (now Fried Frank), and he is currently of counsel with the firm. As a diplomat, he served under Presidents Carter and Reagan as Ambassador and Head of the U.S. Delegation to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe from 1980 to 1983. From 1985 to 1989, he was President Reagan’s chief arms control negotiator, serving as head of the U.S. delegation to the Negotia - tions with the Soviet Union on Nuclear and Space Arms in Geneva. In 2006, Ambassador Kampelman wrote an influential op-ed in , calling for US leadership for the elimination of all weapons of mass destruction. He wrote, “Unfortunately, the goal of globally eliminating all weapons of mass destruc - tion — nuclear, chemical and biological arms — is today not an integral part of Ameri - can foreign policy; it needs to be put back at the top of our agenda.” He has been a strong advocate of seeking agreement on the “ought” of a world without nuclear weapons and then finding the means to make this ought a reality. For this article and other efforts, Ambassador Kampelman is viewed by many as a motivating force behind the series of influential Wall Street Journal op-eds calling for a world without nuclear weapons, which ran in 2007, 2008 and 2010, by former high- level policy makers , , and . Ambassador Kampelman has received many awards for his work, including the Presi - dential Citizens Medal in 1989 from President Reagan, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1999 from President Clinton. In 2008, he received the Democracy Service Medal of the National Endowment for Democracy for his lifetime of achievement in advancing the principles of freedom, human rights and democracy. In 2000, Ambassador Kampelman was selected by the Library of Congress as a Living Legend. It is an apt description of this very decent, charming and hardworking leader. We were honored to have him with us as the 2010 Kelly Lecturer on the occasion of our 9th Annual Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future, and we are pleased to present his written lecture in this booklet.

David Krieger President Nuclear Age Peace Foundation

1 2010 FRANK K. KELLY LECTURE ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE ZERO NUCLEAR WEAPONS FOR A SANE AND SUSTAINABLE WORLD

By Max M. Kampelman

t will take time, patience, pain and good for - processes and more, which are altering every tune, but our welfare as human beings, indeed phase of our lives, deaths, and even reproduction. Ithe survival for many, must be based on more than the threat of nuclear retaliation. A balance We are living in a period of information power of nuclear terror is not an adequate basis for our with the telefax, electronic mail, the super survival as human beings or as a country, or for computer, high definition television, the laser our country’s strategic policy, although it did printer, the cellular phone, the optical disc, video recently serve to permit the United States and conferences, the satellite dish – instruments Russia to substantially reduce the number of our which still appear to my eyes to be near miracles. strategic nuclear weapons. What does remain No generation since the beginning of the human and cannot be ignored, however, is the existence race has experienced or absorbed so much of active rogue and terrorist forces in the world change so rapidly – and it is probably only the seeking nuclear capabilities for their dangerous beginning. As an indication of that, more than purposes. I am convinced that zero nuclear 100,000 scientific journals annually publish the weapons, urged by the Nuclear Age Peace flood of new knowledge that pours out of the Foundation and others, must be our immediate world’s laboratories. civilized goal. These developments are stretching our minds Where are we heading? Are democracy and and our grasp of reality to the outermost dimen - liberty our human destiny, as suggested by sions of our capacity to understand them. More - Francis Fukiyama? Or do we face an inevitable over, as we look ahead we must agree that we violent clash of civilizations on perhaps a world - wide scale, as suggested by Samuel Huntington? Let me point out that during my childhood, one lifetime, strange as it may appear to the young among us, there were no vitamin tablets, no antibiotics, no televisions, no dial telephones, no refrigerators, no FM radios, no synthetic fibers, no dishwashers, no electric blankets, no e airmail, no transatlantic airlines, no instant s u o

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In my lifetime, medical knowledge available to o h physicians has increased perhaps more than ten - P fold. I am told that more than 80 percent of all President greets Ambassador Max Kam - scientists who ever lived are alive today. The pelman in the Oval Office of the White House in the mid-1980s. Ambassador Kampelman was the chief US average life span of the human being keeps arms control negotiator with the Soviet Union during steadily increasing. We now have complicated that period. George H.W. Bush, then Vice-President, is computers, new materials, new biotechnological in the background.

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Ambassador Max Kampelman helped pursue President Reagan’s goal of eliminating all nuclear weapons in his role as the top US arms control negotiator. In his Kelly Lecture, on February 25, 2010, he inspired a packed auditorium at Santa Barbara City College, encouraging us all to find a way to move from what “is” – a world with a risk of in - creasing global disaster – to what “ought” to be: a peaceful, civilized world free of nuclear weapons.

have only the minutest glimpse of what our later appearances at r e t r

universe really is. We also barely understand the the United Nations a C

human brain and its energy; and the endless where he and Presi - k c i R horizons of space and the mysteries found in dent Medvedev of : o the great depths of our seas are still virtually Russia called for zero t o h unknown to us. Our science today is indeed still nuclear weapons. P a drop, and our ignorance remains an ocean. It is increasingly It has been said that necessity is the mother evident that the of invention. I suggest the corollary is also true; developing construc - invention is the mother of necessity. Technology tive relationship be - and communication are necessitating basic tween the United changes in our lives. Information has become States and Russia more accessible in all parts of our globe, putting should realistically authoritarian governments at a serious disadvan - reduce our reliance Lou Cannon, distinguished tage. The world is very much smaller. There is no on nuclear weapons. journalist and the author of five books on Ronald escaping the fact that the sound of a whisper or Indeed, it provides Reagan, introduced a whimper in one part of the world can immedi - the opportunity for Ambassador Kampelman. ately be heard in all parts of the world – and more than prudent consequences follow. And yet, the world body and even deep politic has not kept pace with the world of scien - reductions. The developing constructive relation - tific and technological achievements. Just as the ship between the United States and Russia individual human body must adjust to the permits both of us to lead the world toward an climate in which it lives, so is it necessary for enforceable United Nations General Assembly governments and administrations to examine the agreement that the development and possession atmosphere in which they live as new directions of nuclear weapons is considered to be an inter - and changes become apparent. national punishable crime. The UN Security Council should then be charged by the UN Gen - It is important for the human race to seek eral Assembly with the responsibility to eliminate security without associating it with destruction. nuclear cheating. This could be accomplished by Nuclear terror is not an adequate foundation for the creation of a UN Bank to purchase all active strategic policy. President Obama has made that nuclear military materials and convert that mate - clear during his political campaign and in his rial into civilian nuclear power for energy starved 3 areas. Violations nuclear weapons of zero should on behalf of the result in political, United States economic and government. He social world greeted the dele - isolation. gates from around the world and The task of the said that “there UN General is nothing more Assembly is to urgent con - establish a civi - fronting the lized “ought” for people of all the world and the nations than the task of the UN banning of all Security Council nuclear weapons is to create the under a foolproof r

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goal of zero, to : ber that goal. o prevent cheating t o h

and to provide P It is time once for political, eco - again for the nomic and social Ambassador Max Kampelman, Frank K. Kelly and Foundation United States to isolation as a President David Krieger. lead the world price for cheating. towards that goal and sanity. It is also time to achieve that goal of The United Nations has been understandably zero and to demonstrate that the United Nations disappointing to many, but it is alive and should is alive, that its goals are civilized and clear and be utilized. At the opening session that created that it can begin to earn civilized respect. the United Nations, President Truman welcomed its presence in the United States, and in his President Obama recently reminded us of the formal greeting called for the abolition of historic Truman message to the United Nations. He was joined by our Russian colleague, Presi - dent Medvedev, as they both declared a commit - ment to a nuclear free world. In addressing the UN delegates from around the world, our President said: “there is nothing more urgent confronting the people of all nations than the banning of all nuclear weapons under an international set of agreements. . . .” The President’s message is clear. And yet we all appreciate that until that zero goal is reached, problems must be met and resolved. This reality should not be permitted to replace or postpone the goal we have set for ourselves as a nation. I note this here because of under - standable reactions by our highly trained and committed officials who are inclined to empha - r

e size reductions in nuclear weapons more clearly t r a than those of us who aspire and call for zero C

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t The time for us to achieve our goal of zero o h is now! P

4 AMBASSADOR Max Kampelman

A lawyer, diplomat and educator, Ambassador Max Kampelman helped pursue President Reagan’s goal of eliminating all nuclear weapons in his role as the top US arms control negotiator. His official title was Ambassador and Head of the United States Delegation to the Negotiations with the Soviet Union on Nuclear and Space Arms in Geneva.

He is one of the very few people to be officially honored by two Presidents. He received the Presidential Citizens Medal from President Reagan in 1989 and the Freedom Medal from Presi - dent Clinton in 1999. More recently, he has worked with Henry Kissinger, George Shultz, William Perry and Sam Nunn in their efforts to promote a world free of nuclear weapons.

“You can be an idealist and a realist at the same time,” Ambas - sador Kampelman has written. “… American foreign policy [needs] ... to find a way to move from what “is” — a world with a risk of increasing global disaster — to what “ought” to be: a peaceful, civilized world free of weapons of mass destruction.” r e t r a C

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Physicist and Nobel Prize Laureate Professor Walter Kohn shares a joyful moment with Kelly Lecturer Ambassador Max Kampelman. Non-Profit Organization US Postage PAID Santa Barbara, CA Permit No. 1215 PMB 121, 1187 Coast Village Road, Suite 1 Santa Barbara, CA 93108-2794

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NUCLEAR AGE PEACE FOUNDATION

The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation VISION initiates and supports worldwide Our vision is a world at efforts to abolish nuclear weapons, peace, free of the threat to strengthen international law and of war and free of weapons institutions, and to inspire and empower of mass destruction. a new generation of peace leaders. Founded in 1982, the Foundation is comprised of individuals and organiza - tions worldwide who realize the imperative for peace in the Nuclear Age.

MISSION The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation is a To advance initiatives non-profit, non-partisan, international to eliminate the nuclear education and advocacy organization. weapons threat to all life, It has consultative status to the United to foster the global rule of Nations Economic and Social Council law, and to build an enduring and is recognized by the UN as a Peace legacy of peace through Messenger Organization. education and advocacy. www.wagingpeace.org