Miroslava Lukic Krstanovic, Spektakli 20 Veka:Raspored 1.Qxd

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Miroslava Lukic Krstanovic, Spektakli 20 Veka:Raspored 1.Qxd ISBN 978–86–7587–060–9 Мирослава Лукић Крстановић СПЕКТАКЛИ XX ВЕКА МУЗИКА И МОЋ SERBIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND ARTS INSTITUTE OF ETHNOGRAPHY SPECIAL EDITIONS Volume 72 Miroslava Lukić Krstanović TWENTIETH CENTURY SPECTACLE MUSIC AND POWER Editor Dragana Radojičić BELGRADE 2010 СРПСКА АКАДЕМИЈА НАУКА И УМЕТНОСТИ ЕТНОГРАФСКИ ИНСТИТУТ ПОСЕБНА ИЗДАЊА Књига 72 Мирослава Лукић Крстановић СПЕКТАКЛИ XX ВЕКА МУЗИКА И МОЋ Уредник Драгана Радојичић БЕОГРАД 2010 Издавач ЕТНОГРАФСКИ ИНСТИТУТ САНУ Кнез Михајлова 36/IV, Београд, тел. 011 26 36 804 [email protected], www.etno-institut.co.rs За издавача Драгана Радојичић Рецензенти академик Гојко Суботић проф. др Иван Ковачевић проф. др Бојан Жикић Секретар редакције: Марија Ђокић Лектор Ивана Башић Коректор Марија Ђокић Превод на енглески Богдан Петровић Корице Игор Васиљев Техничка припрема Београдска књига Штампа Будућност Нови Сад Тираж 500 примерака Штампање публикације финансирано је из средстава Министарства за науку и технолошки развој Републике Србије Примљено на II седници Одељења друштвених наука САНУ одржаној 23. фебруара 2010. године, на основу реферата академика Гојка Суботића САДРЖАЈ Предговор.....................................................................................9 I. ТЕОРИЈА СПЕКТАКЛА Морфологија појма .................................................................15 Теоријско мапирање ...............................................................20 Спектакл – друштво .........................................................22 Спектакл – бирократија ..................................................27 Спектакл – медији .............................................................30 Спектакл – маса ................................................................35 Теоријска прегруписавања .................................................38 Антрополошки дискурс .........................................................40 Перформативни карактер спектакла ............................40 Ритуал и спектакл ............................................................43 Светковина и спектакл .....................................................50 Догађај и спектакл .............................................................53 Методолошки конструкт .................................................58 Музички спектакл: стварно и магично огледало .............62 Естетско и етичко уплитање у музички спектакл .......62 Музичка потреба и роба ...................................................67 Музика: идеолошки рам и идентитетски амблем .........70 Спектакл и студије популарне културе ..........................75 5 II. ИСТОРИЈСКИ МАРКЕРИ СПЕКТАКЛА Призори и слике праспектакла ............................................81 Развој сценског спектакла ....................................................84 Музички спектакл кроз историју ........................................89 Фестивали ..........................................................................90 Концерти и опере ...............................................................91 Мјузикли и ревије ................................................................95 (И)реверзибилно време спектакла .......................................98 III. СПЕКТАКЛИ СОЦИЈАЛИЗМА: МУЗИКА И МОЋ Политички спектакли – свечаности дисциплине ...........102 Јавни ритуали на политичком репертоару ..................105 Слетови: култ вође и парадигма младости ..................109 Организациони кoд – политика, слет и музика .............117 Сценски кoд у трансмисији симбола ..............................123 Учеснички и гледалачки кoд у наративној зони .............129 Спектакли конвенције – популарна музика у зони естаблишмента ...................................................135 Популарна музика на светском тржишту спектакала ...............................................135 Музичка свакодневица и идеологија ................................140 Музичка сцена: простори, институције и продукција .................................................................146 Форме фестивала и концерата ......................................159 Организациони кoд фестивала .......................................164 Сценски кoд фестивала ...................................................170 6 Гледалачки кoд фестивала ..............................................177 Фестивалски наративи ...................................................182 Спектакли еманципације – рокенрол и естаблишмент ............................................184 Рок спектакли: бунт на комерцијалном тржишту .....185 Рок свакодневица и естаблишмент ...............................200 Рок сцене као друштвени простори ..............................211 Фестивали и концерти: концепт буке и тела = роба ......................................220 Организациони кoд рокенрол спектакла ........................228 Сценски кoд рокенрола ....................................................238 Гледалачки кoд ..................................................................247 Рокенрол наративи 251 Три модела у семантичком сучељавању (над)гледања и опчињености .......................................257 Поредак и моћ ..................................................................260 Дистинкција и хомогенизација ........................................262 Дистанца и трансмисија ................................................263 Псеудогађај и друштвена одговорност ..........................264 Епилог .....................................................................................267 Summary...................................................................................273 Литература .............................................................................285 Извори .....................................................................................295 Индекс ..................................................................................299 7 Предговор Антрополошка истраживања и тумачења без предаха су у сталном покрету и сучељавању са пролазним и надолазећим сва- кодневицама. Ући у такво истраживачко поље значи пробијати звучни зид, крећући се по непрегледним појавним пространстви- ма. Све што доспе у антрополошку орбиту ствара једну врсту на- петости и изазова у сустизању, понекад заостајању или претица- њу разних појава. Никако нисам склона инвентарисању догађаја, али једноставно морам да забележим тај накнадни поглед који се и те како тиче ове књиге о спектаклу. Предговор пишем у тренутку када се политика евокације сценски издигла у виду двадесет го- дина прославе пада Берлинског зида, са низом покретних, анга- жованих и комерцијалних позорница – политичких, музичких, уметничких, или беседничких и медијских, које су заузеле место симболичке поруке живота без зида. Да, било је то свевидеће по- мерање историје према сада и у сада и од сада, са нагодбом или ви- зијом света. Али, неколико недеља раније, спектакл се на домаћем терену показао у свом претећем издању слављеничких фудбал- ских нагазних мина, националистичких и дискриминаторских по - при шта и још мно го то га, што је да ло при ли ку ви зу ел ном и ис ку - стве ном кон цен три са њу јав них сце на. Па по том, спек такл се до бро удомио у већ опробаној улози глорификујућих слика државнич- ких церемонија, прослава, комеморација и погреба. Овим догађа- јима означене су свакодневице са ожиљцима, које су увек биле спремне да се пресвуку у драматични или гротескни свет спекта- кла претњи, нада, задовољстaва и уживања. Ту негде започиње прича о спектаклима, јавним оверивачима про шлих, са да шњих и бу ду ћих ствар но сти, ко ји су не за у ста вљи во по ку пи ли до га ђај не на но се. Јав не свет ко ви не и ри ту а ли, по зор ни це и екрани побринули су се да не оставе празним ни један једини тренутак и да се, при том, театрализоване и драматизоване сцене добро сместе у поље спектакла. Између прослава и свечаности, 9 Мирослава Лукић Крстановић, Спектакли ХХ века, музика и моћ игара и такмичења, славља и хулиганства, цивилних активности, гламурозног помодарства и сценске естетике, спектакли, као про- дужена рука светковина и рутуала, постављају их у ред за чекање на лагеру историјских догађаја. Тема монографије јесте спектакл у светлу теоријских студија и друштвено-историјских токова. Не знам када и како сам све пре- познатљиве призоре и слике великих и малих догађаја почела да посматрам другачијим очима; и не знам како сам их упаковала у спектакл, али знам да ми је лакнуло што сам коначно пронашла свеобухватни појам помоћу кога ћу лакше кренути у истраживач- ки обрачун са јавним сценама и аренама, које су се истраживачки наметнуле. Осигурана делима Ги Дебора Друштво спектакла, Жак Аталија Бука, студијом Јелене Ђорђевић, Политичке светко- вине и ритуали, студијом Инес Прице Омладинска поткултура у Београду, и још многим другим аналитичким погледима, трасирала сам те о риј ско-ме то до ло шки пут са ци љем да ис тра жи вач ки ус та ла - сам и ме то до ло шки при зе мљим спек такл. По ред ових чи та лач ких часова, моја размишљања наглас, недоумице, саплитања и успора- вања, увек су наилазила на разумевање и још више – сугестије у правом тренутку или онако у ходу од врсних теоретичарки Јелене Ђорђевић и Инес Прице, које су мудро и зналачки проникнуле у свима доступне воде феномена културе. Морала сам, дакле, да се прво обрачунам са сопственим мо- тивом и идејом – шта у ствари хоћу са упадом у зону спектакла и да ли се преко њега може промишљати о савременим процесима и кретањима и доћи до одговора. Идеја од почетка није била да спектакл научно промовишем у феноменолошко издање per se, већ да га суочим са друштвеним,
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