LONERGAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER Newsletter 42/2 May 2021

Publications McNelis, Sean. “The Eight Enduring Challenges in Housing Studies - on Explanations, an Integrated Comprehensive Heuristic and Implementation: Some Comments on Mark Stephen’s article'.” Housing, Theory and Society, vol. 37, no. 5 (2020): 578-583, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14036096.2020.1816571. This article draws on Lonergan’s functional specialties, conceived as eight enduring challenges, to comment on a feature article in Housing, Theory and Society by a UK housing researcher, Mark Stephens, “How housing systems are changing and why: a critique of Kemeny’s theory of housing regimes.” The comment distinguishes three types of linked explanations – an explanatory definition of a housing system; an historical explanation of how a housing system develops; and a critical explanation that critiques the use and abuse of power. It argues that these distinctions are necessary if we are develop an adequate understanding of how housing systems work. The comment then expands on first type of explanation as one which seeks to develop an integrated comprehensive heuristic and notes that the theory of housing-welfare regimes focuses on one particular technological aspect (tenure) of the housing system. Finally, in response to Mark Stephen’s note that “one of the most enduring challenges in housing studies” is to understand “how housing systems function and change”, the comment concludes by summarily expanding this single challenge into eight enduring challenges in housing studies by distinguishing different stages in both research and implementation. Morelli, Mark D. Hegel Inside Out: Essays on Lonergan’s Debt to Hegel. Sherman Oaks, CA: Encanto Editions, 2020. Ogbonnaya, Joseph and Gerard Whelan, ed. Intellect, Affect, and God. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press, 2021. The wealth of reflection of the contributing authors of this volume—often relatively young— confirms that the influence of Lonergan's thought continues to expand in the areas of , , and the social sciences. It also reveals how Robert M. Doran has expanded on the thought of Lonergan on issues such as psychic conversion and the four-point hypothesis and that these developments are widely received in diverse interdisciplinary areas including systematic theology, interreligious dialogue, priestly formation, ecology, scriptural , world Christianity, theopolitics, sociology, etc., This collection of essays is relevant not only to Lonergan scholars but to all who are curious about the relevance of Lonergan and Doran studies to contemporary issues. Contributing authors include: Brian Bajzek, Jeremy Blackwood, Lucas Briola, Anne M. Carpenter, John P. Cush, John D. Dadosky, Darren J.Dias, Gregory P. Floyd, Joseph K. Gordon, Jonathan Heaps, Ryan Hemmer, Christopher Krall, Cecille MedinaMaldonado, Joseph C. Mudd, Jacob M. Mudge, Cyril Orji, Gordon Rixon, Josephat John Rugaiganisa, Eugene R. Schlesinger, Andrew T. Vink, Jaime Vidal Zuñiga Oko, Dariusz. “Objectivity as the Fruit of Authentic Subjectivity.” The Person and the Challenges: The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies, 11/2 (2020): 123-43. An important and recurring problems of philosophy is the “critical problem”— the problem of bridge between the human mind and the world, the external reality. It is the question of relations between the subject and the object. A solution for this problem is offered by SJ (1904–1984), one of the most important Catholic English-speaking thinkers of the twentieth

2 Lonergan Studies Newsletter 42/2

century. It would be difficult to point to someone who influenced the American Catholic philosophy and theology from the inside out more than he did: He connects the traditions of and to classical and , German idealism and English . At the heart of his thinking is the theory of the human mind. With the help of transcendental and phenomenological methods, Lonergan demonstrates that the mental structure of human consists of five levels: the empirical level, the intellectual level, the rational level, the responsible level and the level of being in love, which together create a cumulative process that leads to and decision. A key point here is the act of understanding—the insight—which always has a creative moment, especially on the intellectual and rational levels, as an effect of the subject’s work. The correct understanding of this moment enables a mediation between the empirical, rational and idealistic understanding of the knowledge process. Correct action on all levels, faithfulness to the nature of the subject, leads to truth – according to Lonergan’s apt maxim: objectivity is the fruit of the authentic subjectivity. Streeter, Carla Mae and Susan Talve. Avoiding the Sin of Certitude: A Rabbi and a Theologian in Feminine Interfaith Conversations from to Dialogue. Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press, 2020. "Avoiding the Sin of Certitude" is a series of dialogues between a progressive rabbi ordained in the Reform Tradition and a theologian. Both women are deeply committed to interfaith work and social justice. Dissertations Berger, Christopher Dan. Method in Legitimation: Exploring Lonergan’s Political Thought. Ph.D. Thesis. , 2021. This dissertation gives an expanded reading and interpretation of the work of Bernard Lonergan in political theory around the question of political legitimation: What does it mean for a governing entity to exercise coercive power legitimately? To answer this question from Lonergan’s thought requires that we do several things: understand the historical context in which we find ourselves (Chapters 1-2), understand what Lonergan means by authenticity Lonergan on Paul Ricoeur's (Chapter 3), and how that relates to legitimate critical method: authority, which is an authentically operating matrix of authentic individuals participating in authentic "Acknowledge the insight of communities governed by and utilizing authentic the critic of religion, and pin institutions and institutional sub-communities it down exactly. Discover the (Chapters 4-6). We conclude with a method for oversight that makes him a evaluating governmental legitimacy that expands critic of religion. Use his on Lonergan’s approach. The history of the insight for the purification of conversation concerning political legitimation is religion and use his oversight capacious, complex, confused, and contradictory, and I for a renewal of its vitality do not propose to recount it here in full. But despite so and power. much already said, Lonergan brings to the table CWL 17, 280 something new and distinct from the previous publications. What is new is his philosophical focus, emphasizing method over concrete content or legislative procedure, which leads to an account of legitimation as authenticity. What matters is how individuals, communities, and institutions, including governments, are operating, not what particular form they take. Granting that his account of legitimation as authenticity is unique, why do we need authenticity to make sense of legitimate political authority? What does it add to the myriad other available accounts of legitimation we already have? Available accounts of legitimation meander through the shoals of history, and it is usually only through trial and error that a navigable passage connecting power to legitimate

June 2021 3

authority is found. In brief, what Lonergan’s thought provides is a way to navigate over the shoals of history so that no matter what new features may form beneath the waves, legitimate authority will always be possible and recognizable. We begin with an extensive but partial mapping of those shoals and pointing to some of the major shipwrecks of previous theories, the better to distinguish Lonergan’s view of legitimation as rooted in authenticity of individual, community, and institution in subsequent chapters. This will also give us examples for practical evaluation to show how Lonergan’s method might work in action. Lonergan is not a cultural relativist, but he does claim that his understanding of legitimacy will be applicable in all times and for all peoples and that, by extension, for governments is always possible, no matter what form it takes. He gives a retrospective method for evaluating the legitimacy of leadership in the progress or decline of a culture, a nation, a civilization, a people. “Inquiry into the legitimacy of authority or authorities is complex, lengthy, tedious, and often inconclusive” (Bernard Lonergan, “ of Authority,” in A Third Collection, ed. Robert Doran and John Dadosky, 2nd ed., Press, Collected Works of Bernard Lonergan vol. 16, 2017, page 6). But “[t]he fruit of authenticity is progress” and “[t]he fruit of unauthenticity is decline”, and the meat of this work is to spell out in detail the authentic operations of individuals, communities, and institutions (and institutional sub- communities). (Lonergan, “Dialectic of Authority”, 6, 7) These are what produce the progress or decline. We conclude by supplementing Lonergan’s method with an approach that concurrently evaluates the operations of individuals, communities, and institutions and their sub-communities to see whether they are operating unauthentically (because evidence of unauthenticity is easier to recognize than authenticity in concurrent evaluations) and so, likely to produce either progress or decline. This is not as reliable as the retrospective method because not everything going on at a given time can be known to the contemporaneous observer and evaluator, but it is also more useful for creating concrete critiques of what is, in fact, going forward. (Bernard Lonergan, Method in Theology, 2nd ed., ed. Robert Doran and John Dadosky (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2017), 168) Reviews O’Collins, Gerald. Inspiration: Towards a Christian Interpretation of Biblical Inspiration. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018. Gerald O’Collins. Irish Theological Quarterly, 86/2 (2021) 202-09. Cajthaml, Martin and Vlastimil Vohánka. The Moral Philosophy of . Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2019. D.T. Sheffler. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/2 (2021) 354-56. Crisp, Oliver D. The Word Enfleshed: Exploring the Person and Work of . Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2016. Declan O’Byrne. Irish Theological Quarterly, 86/2 (2021) 217-18. Fundamentalism or Tradition: Christianity After Secularism. Edited by Aristotle Papanikolaou and George E. Demacopoulus. New York: Fordham University Press, 2020. Theodore James Whapham. Theological Studies, 82/1 (2021) 201-02. Hütter, Reinhard. on Truth and its Counterfeits: A Guide for Our Times. Washington D.C.: The Catholic University of America Press, 2020. Philip Rolnick. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/1 (2020) 155-60. Spiritual Healing: Science, Meaning, and Discernment. Edited by Sarah Coakley. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2020.

4 Lonergan Studies Newsletter 42/2

Michelle A. Marvin. Theological Studies, 82/1 (2021) 202-03. Tabaczek, Mariusz. Emergence: Towards a New Metaphysics and Philosophy of Science. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2019. Travis Dumsday. American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/2 (2021) 343-47. Taylor, Charles. Avenues of : Conversations with Jonathan Guilbault. Translated by Yanette Shalter. Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2020. Philip J. Rossi. Theological Studies, 82/1 (2021) 195-97. Webworks Dunne, Tad. "Lonergan on 'Presence' and 'Holiness'" A 7-page exploration of the categories of 'presence' and 'holiness' in Lonergan's works. Draws on Michael Vertin's insight that 'holiness' is a transcendental notion that encompasses the transcendent notions of experiencing, understanding, judging, deciding, and being in love. Includes Lonergan's remark that a religious being in love “can be the quiet undertow of one’s living that reveals itself only in a deep but obscure conviction that one cannot get out of trying to be holy." See the first item under "New Works" at http://taddunne-writings.weebly.com/. Gems Betschart, Christof. “The Constitution of the Human Person as Discovery and Awakening.” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/1 (2020): 1-20, doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/acpq20201211218. In their treatment of Stein’s work, many scholars aim to express both a phenomenological concept of the human person, characterized by conscious and free spiritual activity, and a metaphysical concept of the person, seen as an individual essence unfolding throughout life. In Stein’s work, the two concepts are not simply juxtaposed, nor is there a shift from one to the other. Stein integrates her phenomenological research into a metaphysical framework. In the present contribution, I endeavor to show that Stein’s interpretation of Husserl’s concept of constitution focuses on the question of whether this constitution is to be understood realistically or idealistically and on the question of the constituting subject. I argue that Stein’s interpretation of constitution is closely linked to the lived experience she called in her early writings “self-discovery” and “awakening.” Duncan, Thomas. “Breathing with Both Lungs: The Uncreated Grace of the Holy in the Works of and St. Gregory Palamas.” Irish Theological Quarterly, 86/2 (2021): 127-46, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021140021995905. Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century experienced what has been referred to as a ‘Palamite renaissance,’ through a certain rediscovery of the works of the 14th-century archbishop and theologian, St Gregory Palamas. In the Christian West, 20th-century theology saw a great ‘return to the sources,’ among which Karl Rahner’s influential work played an important role in integrating elements of the scholastic tradition biblical and Greek patristic traditions. While there is a growing awareness and acceptance of Palamas’s teaching among Western scholars, many still view it as an incompatible obstacle to reconciliation between East and West. This article seeks to demonstrate that Karl Rahner’s work on grace and the Trinity, while remaining within its respective system and never mentioning Gregory Palamas, is at its heart identical to that of Palamas in several key areas, and that these two theologians may in fact provide a bridge for integrating the two traditions. Fagiolo, Maria. “The Meaning Hidden Behind Every Human Suffering: A Christian View Concerning the Mystery of the Cross.” The Person and the Challenges: The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies, 11/1 (2021): 23-46.

June 2021 5

The purpose of the present study is to demonstrate how each person could rise from a suffering circumstance, discovering in it an opportunity for inner conquest. This is the strong human potential as Homo Patiens. In this way it is possible to assert the opposite thesis concerning a deterministic view of human being. The main solution the paper offers in any given set of pain experience is Christian faith as the only way to discover the hidden meaning of suffering. The essay develops a Christian analysis about human pain and it takes in consideration, most of all, the reflections of and John Paul II in view of deepening the saving philosophy proposed by the Mystery of the Cross. Flood, Anthony T. “Aquinas on Contrition and the Love of God.” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/2 (2021): 235-48, doi: https://doi.org/10.5840.acpq2021142221. treats penance as both a sacrament and a virtue. In either form, penance’s principal human act is contrition—a willed sorrow for one’s sins and an intention to avoid future sins. A look at Aquinas’s understanding of penitential contrition reveals a complex interplay of the different objects of love, the gift of fear, and finally friendship with God. This article offers an analysis of Aquinas’s accounts of penance and contrition with respect to these key elements. I argue that contrition performs a fundamental role in countering, restoring, and safeguarding a proper ordering of love and attainment of the ultimate good of union with God. In short, contrition is the act that directly counters the interior disorder wrought by sin and provides an ongoing counter to the threat of additional disorder. Sin’s disorder is the aversion to God and conversion to self, while contrition involves the aversion to self and a conversion to God. Gibson, Christopher-Marcus. “What’s the Good of Perfected Passion? Thomas Aquinas on Attentiveness and the Filiae Luxuriae.” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/2 (2021): 249-70, doi: https://doi.org/10.5840.acpq202142220. I raise a difficulty for Thomas’s views on the passions I call the instrumentalizing problem: Can well-ordered passions contribute to good human activity beyond merely expressing or rendering more effective the independent work of intellect and will? If not, does that not raise the risk that we are merely handicapped ? I develop a response by examining Thomas’s discussion of the filiae luxuriae, intellectual and volitional flaws arising from lust. I draw on Thomas’s understanding of one filia, blindness of mind, to help sketch an account of the good habits it opposes: the acquired virtue I term attentiveness and the corresponding spiritual gift of understanding. These good habits, I argue, render their bearers responsive to natural and supernatural reasons that guide them in the conduct of life. By partly constituting these habits, well-ordered passion makes an indispensable contribution to human activity at its best. Higgins, Michael Joseph. “The More We Wonder: Union with God, Distance from God, and the Vexing Question of ‘Necessary Reasons’ in Aquinas’s Trinitarian Theology.” Irish Theological Quarterly, 86/2 (2021): 147-63, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/002114002199506. Scholars have long noted that there is a tension between the strength of Thomas’s arguments for the Trinity and the limits he places on natural reason. But few have noted a curious pattern: it is often within the same passage that Thomas both seems to prove the Trinity and rules out the possibility of any such proof. This paper begins by drawing out this pattern. It proposes that this tension in Thomas’s thought might be a reflection of, and an education into, a deeper tension: the tension between union with God and distance from God that structures the into which Thomas’s trinitarian theology hopes to initiate us. Keenan, James F. “The Color Line, Race, and Caste: Structures of Domination and the of Recognition.” Theological Studies, 82/1 (2021): 69-94, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0040563921992550.

6 Lonergan Studies Newsletter 42/2

The Black Lives Matter movement has been trying to awaken the people of the United States to its failure to recognize systemic racism, anti-blackness, and white supremacy. With a keen awareness of racism as structural, this article first considers the pervasiveness of systemic racism in the and then investigates how in the United States anti-blackness was first documented as the color line, then as racism, and now as caste. Recognizing these social structures, it concludes by considering virtues and practices that could help in decentering the dominant caste in its expression of white supremacy. Novák, Lukáš. “Suárez’s Notion of Analogy: Scotus’s Essential Order in Disguise?” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/2 (2021): 195-233, doi: https://doi.org/10.5840.acpq2021412223. Suárez’s theory of analogy is commonly considered problematic because it attempts to combine the assertion of perfect unity and precision of the concept of being with the insistence that it is not univocal but analogical. In this article I first attempt to identify the precise nature of the problem in Suárez’s account (critically evaluating some older and recent approaches) and then propose an interpretation of Suárez’s concept of analogy as being basically the same thing as Scotus’ essential order (without the ). I suggest that Suárez’s distancing from Scotus is often merely verbal, and that much of the confusing aspect of his doctrine stems from his idiosyncratic terminology. In corroboration of my interpretation I incude the assessment of Suárez by the Scotist B. Mastri, and provide some broader context to clarify Suárez’s relation to other theories of analogy, medieval and post-medieval. Rogers, Jessie. “Karl Rahner on Childhood.” Irish Theological Quarterly, 86/2 (2021): 111-126, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021140021995908. Karl Rahner’s ‘Ideas for a Theology of Childhood’ has become increasingly influential in childhood studies. In this article I critically assess Rahner’s ideas in this seminal work to highlight the answer Rahner proposes to the question of the meaning and task of childhood. This is brought into brief conversation with writings of Jürgen Moltmann and Berryman. Rahner’s ideas of childhood can be critiqued for a lack of careful engagement with the details of Scripture and of concrete life settings, and for underestimating the effects of childhood trauma. One can also ask whether transcendental philosophy provides an accessible language, particularly in an interdisciplinary context. Nevertheless, ‘mystery of the child’ language is now near-ubiquitous in contemporary Christian authors on childhood. Rahner’s insights into childhood can function like the reality of childhood itself, remaining as a life-giving root in a theology that unfolds as others take it further. Stacey, Gregory R. P. “Perfect Being Theology and Analogy.” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, 95/1 (2020): 21-48, doi: https://doi.org/10.5840/acpq2020124213. Thomas Williams has argued that the doctrine of univocity (the thesis that God and creatures can be predicated of univocally) is true and salutary. Such a claim is frequently contested, particularly in regard to the property—if there be any such—of existence or being. Inspired by the thought of Francisco Suárez, I outline a way of understanding the thesis of the analogy of being that avoids the criticisms levelled by Williams and others against analogy. I further suggest that the metaphysically committed version of univocal predication favoured by many analytic philosophers of religion causes difficulties for the practice of perfect-being theology, which is often taken to play an important role in the construction of kataphatic philosophical . My exposition of the analogy of being is, I suggest, better fitted to the practice of a perfect-being theology and, thus, salutary for the practice of Christian natural theology.

RECENT EVENTS 2021 Australian Lonergan Workshop

June 2021 7

The 2021 Australian Lonergan Workshop was held from Friday, April 30 to Sunday May 2 at St.Mary’s College, Parkville. The theme of the workshop was Authentic subjects transforming cultures: Regenerative farming, a parable for our times. This workshop was inspired by Charles Massy, an advocate for regenerative farming as an alternative to traditional methods. The keynote speaker was Lucas Briola, Assistant Professor, Theology, Saint Vincent College. Father Robin Koning, SJ presented the fourth Tom Daly Oration and launched the Fr. Thomas Vincent Daly SJ Collection. Other speakers at the Workshop were: Geoff Brodie, Professor Matthew Ogilvie, Peter Madden, Loretta Brennan, Dr John Little, Ashley Mitcham and Dr Sean McNelis. Videos, audios and PDFs of the presentations are or will be available on the Lonergan Australia website. Toronto Lonergan Research Institute Seminar (April 9, 2021. The seminar featured Brian Bajzek (Marquette University) who presented a paper entitled: “Lonergan, Girard, and Trumpism: Unmasking a Crisis of Idolatry.” The seminar was moderated by Patrick Nolin and included a formal response by Jonathan Bernier. Lonergan and the Contemporary University: A Zoom Symposium Boston College’s on March 26th 2021 hosted a symposium via Zoom moderated by Randall Rosenberg (St. Louis University). Panelists included: Patrick Byrne (Boston College) on “Unity in University? A Heuristic Proposal” Paulette Kidder (Seattle University) on “Lonergan’s Enduring Guidance in Times of Upheaval” Frederick Lawrence (Boston College) Richard Liddy (Seton Hall University) on “Newman, Lonergan, and the University” Michael McCarthy (Vassar College) on “Lonergan, Liberty and the Liberal Arts: Reflections of a Teacher” Thomas McPartland (Kentucky State University) on “Education and the Process of Inquiry: "Community, Creativity, and Critical Thinking” Elizabeth Murray (Loyola Marymount University) on “The Pedagogical Efficacy of Self-Appropriation” Neil Ormerod (Sydney College of Divinity) on “Institutions Have Dates: What Lonergan Taught Me About Universities” Gerard Whelan S.J. (Pontifical Gregorian University) on “ and the University: Leaning Toward Critical Realism?” Lonergan Australia website Recently, the Lonergan Australia website (www.lonergan.org.au) was redeveloped with a particularly Australian twist. It now includes material on:  Australian Lonergan scholars  Dissertations based on Lonergan’s writings from Masters and Doctoral Australian students  Presentations (video, audio and slides) at the 2017 and 2019 Australian Lonergan Workshops  Thomas Vincent (Tom) Daly SJ Orations for 2017 and 2019  Information on the Australian Lonergan Workshop Committee and the Melbourne Lonergan Circle.

PEOPLE Fr. Thomas Vincent Daly SJ Collection Fr. Thomas (Tom) Vincent Daly SJ was renowned in Australia as the earliest and perhaps the leading exponent and teacher of Lonergan’s cognitional theory. His authority in Lonergan research was highly valued at the Lonergan workshops and conferences. He was also held in high renown overseas and as a valued consultant in Lonergan research at the Lonergan Centre at of the University of Toronto. The Lonergan Australian website has collected Tom’s published and unpublished works and made them available on the website. What is common to each is Tom’s clarity about the dynamic and

8 Lonergan Studies Newsletter 42/2 emerging ever-fertile notion of ‘understanding’ as the key (in thinking) to unity, dialogue and development, and its relation to what is given (in data) and consequent upon inquiry.

COMING UP Toronto School of Theology Graduate Students’ Association (TGSA) Spring Graduate Conference June 11th 2021 Registration for this year’s TGSA Graduate conference will be made available soon via Zoom. The theme is “Traditioning Sources for Contemporary Theological Engagement.” Any inquiries can be made to Patrick Nolin @ [email protected] 47th Lonergan Workshop sponsored by Boston College will to be held via Zoom June 20-25. Details for registration forthcoming.

Subscriptions Online current and past issues are available at http://www.lonerganresearch.org/. For mailed issues, subscription payments are payable in advance ($25 Canadian or U.S.). Send to: Newsletter, Lonergan Research Institute / Regis College / 100 Wellesley Street West / Toronto, Ontario / Canada M5S 2Z5. For account information, contact Patrick Nolan, below. Sponsor Lonergan Studies Newsletter is sponsored by the Lonergan Research Institute: http://www.lonerganresearch.org/. Director: Jonathan Bernier. [email protected]. Tel: 416-922-5474 x240. Research Associate: Patrick Nolin, at [email protected]. Editor: Tad Dunne. Research Scholar: Michael Vertin. ISSN 0845-2849. Title ID 190641504 Contributions While we have regular contributors, we invite anyone with news to submit it. The Lonergan Studies Newsletter is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December. News for any issue should be in the hands of the editors by the 15th of the preceding month (February, May, August, November). Send to: [email protected]; and/or to Tad Dunne at *[email protected]