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Images Et Usages De Disraeli Au Sein De L'élite Politique Britannique

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Images Et Usages De Disraeli Au Sein De L'élite Politique Britannique View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by HAL-Paris1 La vie politique de Benjamin Disraeli, 1881-1975 : images et usages de Disraeli au sein de l'´elitepolitique britannique Benjamin Caraco To cite this version: Benjamin Caraco. La vie politique de Benjamin Disraeli, 1881-1975 : images et usages de Disraeli au sein de l'´elitepolitique britannique. Histoire. 2010. <dumas-00688825> HAL Id: dumas-00688825 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00688825 Submitted on 18 Apr 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Université Paris-1 Panthéon-Sorbonne Sciences Humaines et Sociales Histoire Histoire des sociétés occidentales contemporaines LA VIE POLITIQUE DE BENJAMIN DISRAELI, 1881-1975 : IMAGES ET USAGES DE DISRAELI AU SEIN DE L'ÉLITE POLITIQUE BRITANNIQUE Benjamin Caraco Année universitaire 2009-2010 Mémoire de Master sous la direction de Christophe Charle 1 Remerciements Je tiens à remercier tout d'abord Christophe Charle, qui a accepté de me diriger pour une deuxième année consécutive, pour ses conseils et sa disponibilité. Ce mémoire n'aurait pu être réalisé sans le soutien de la Maison Française d'Oxford et de l'Université d'Oxford, qui m'a accueilli comme Visiting Research Scholar. J'ai pu ainsi bénéficier des remarques des membres du séminaire Modern British History and Politics, en particulier de la part du Dr Robert Saunders (St John's College) et de Peter Ghosh (St Anne's College). Je souhaite aussi remercier Julien Vincent (Université de Besançon) et Philippe Vervaecke (Université de Lille- 3). Je souhaite enfin remercier mes parents pour leurs relectures et Shefali pour son soutien et ses encouragements de tous les instants. 2 Table des matières Remerciements..........................................................................................................................2 Introduction...............................................................................................................................5 L'invention d'une tradition politique...............................................................................10 Le conservatisme disraélien à travers les « manuels » conservateurs................................16 La vie politique de Disraeli de 1881 à 1922 : récupération, oubli et opposition................27 Lord Randolph Churchill et le Quatrième Parti : définition et captation de l'héritage disraélien.........................................................................................................................29 À la recherche de la Tory Democracy....................................................................29 Disraeli : le parlementaire et le populaire..............................................................33 Disraeli : un socialiste qui s'ignore.................................................................................43 Disraeli et le système parlementaire...............................................................................46 Avocat du droit de vote des femmes......................................................................46 Le champion des Lords..........................................................................................50 La question sociale..........................................................................................................51 L'étranger................................................................................................................51 Disraeli et les réformes sociales libérales..............................................................53 Politique économique et Disraeli....................................................................................59 Le précédent du canal de Suez........................................................................................62 Affaires étrangères et expansion coloniale.....................................................................66 Disraeli et l'Entente Cordiale.................................................................................66 Disraeli et l'Empire.................................................................................................67 L'expansion coloniale...................................................................................68 Disraeli et la guerre des Boers......................................................................70 Sir Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett : porte-parole auto-proclamé de l'impérialisme disraélien ......................................................................................................................71 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................74 « The prophet of Conservatism » : Disraeli, 1922-1945.......................................................76 Représentations de Disraeli............................................................................................77 Des débuts au théâtre..............................................................................................77 Du muet au parlant.................................................................................................82 Du divertissement au didactique............................................................................84 « Disraelianism … from a sham … into an honest sentiment of pleasing odour. » : Baldwin et Disraeli........................................................................................................................86 Herbert Samuel et Disraeli : le contre-coup du retour en grâce....................................95 Réformes sociales et lutte contre le socialisme...............................................................97 Neville Chamberlain : l'autre héritier.....................................................................97 De la mesure sociale au principe cardinal..............................................................99 Au croisement de l'économie et des colonies................................................................107 La conférence économique impériale d'Ottawa, 1932.........................................107 Le précédent du canal de Suez.............................................................................109 Disraeli et le joyau de la couronne.......................................................................112 Le domaine réservé de Disraeli : les affaires étrangères ?...........................................114 Disraeli et la Palestine..........................................................................................114 Disraeli et le contexte international des années 1930...........................................116 Disraeli pendant la guerre.....................................................................................119 L'entrée du manoir d'Hughenden dans le patrimoine anglais......................................120 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................122 Le symbole du consensus, 1945-1975...................................................................................124 3 Du consensus dans l'histoire britannique, 1940-1979..................................................126 Portraits de famille........................................................................................................128 Du côté des conservateurs....................................................................................128 Harold Macmillan, le disraélien .................................................................128 R. A. Bulter : l'incarnation du conservatisme One Nation .........................133 Enoch Powell : un conservateur individualiste disraélien .........................135 Du côté des travaillistes........................................................................................137 Harold Wilson : d'un Premier ministre à l'autre..........................................137 Michael Foot : « As Disraeli said »............................................................139 Maurice Edelman : la romance en partage..................................................144 Usages thématiques.......................................................................................................148 Affaires sociales...................................................................................................148 Le champion incontesté de la tradition sociale conservatrice.....................148 Les différentes vies des « deux nations »...................................................150 Affaires étrangères...............................................................................................151 Généralités..................................................................................................151 Cas particuliers ..........................................................................................152 « Disraeli's Suez Canal » et Chypre..................................................152 L'intégration européenne...................................................................153
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