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Why People Do Not Trust Opposition Leaders

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ON THE HOOK: WHO DICTATES PAGE WHO WILL BENEFIT PAGE SOVIET "LIBERATION" OF UKRAINIANS PAGE DECISIONS THAT ARE CRUCIAL FROM SHALE GAS EXTRACTION IN 1943-44: A REFLECTION OF FOR THE NATION 12 IN UKRAINE 22 NAZI OCCUPATION IN 1941 36 № 3 (45) FEBRUARY 2013 WHY PEOPLE DO NOT TRUST OPPOSITION LEADERS WWW.UKRAINIANWEEK.COM Featuring selected content from The Economist FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION B OOKST ORES KYIV 3, vul. Lysenka tel: (044) 235-88-54; 5,vul. Spaska tel: (044) 351-13-38, 33/2, Povitroflotskiy Prospekt tel: (044) 275-67-42 LVIV 7, Prospekt Svobody tel: (032) 235-73-68 VINNYTSIA 89, Soborna tel: (0432) 52-9341 TERNOPIL 7-9, vul. Valova tel: (0352) 25-4459 KHARKIV 3, vul. Sumska tel: (057) 731-5949 IVANO-FRANKIVSK 31, vul. Nezalezhnosti tel: (0342) 72-2502 VOLODYMYR-VOLYNSKIY 6, vul. Kovelska tel: (03342) 2-1957 www.book-ye.com.ua ONLINE BOOKSHOP WWW.BOOK-YE.COM.UA/SHOP |CONTENTS BRIEFING FOCUS The Unfinished Gongadze Case: Acting Leader: Zenon Zavada Sentenced to life, the Arseniy Yatseniuk appears on why he does not murderer says Kuchma and too inconsistent and trust opposition Lytvyn should also be behind unpredictable to inspire leaders bars trust in the majority of 4 Ukrainian voters6 9 POLITICS A Crack in the United The Sabotage of European Hanne Severinsen: Opposition? Integration: The General Prosecutor’s Centrifugal tendencies in Who dictates decisions Office Runs Amok? the united camp, that are crucial for the and what they signal nation? 10 12 16 NEIGHBOURS ECONOMICS Janusz Bugaijski Three in a Boat: PACE’s failure Aspirations to Control on Russia’s soft power to recognize Azerbaijan’s the Gas Market: Who wars as tools to political prisoners signals will benefit from the reintegrate its neighbours problems for their newly-signed shale gas around Moscow’s orbit counterparts in Ukraine exploration agreement with Royal Dutch Shell 17 20 22 SOCIETY Monetary Security: Online Protests: Internet The Ukrainian Week invites movements help Ukrainians to politicians and experts to a overcome fear through laughter, panel discussion to find out what give them reliable information the hryvnia will face in 2013 and inspire them to act 24 28 HISTORY The Voice of Moscow: Yuriy Everyting is Connected: Freedom Without Liberation: Makarov on the recent sale Can Internet activism For a large part of the of one of Ukraine’s most turn into a real political Ukrainian population, Stalin’s popular TV channels movement? “liberation from the Germans” was a mirror image of Hitler’s “liberation from the 31 32 36 Bolsheviks” in 1941 CULTURE & ARTS French philosopher Philippe de Lara A Gallery of Inspiration: Art curator on the bitter legacy of totalitarian Pavlo Hudimov talks about the regimes which, even if dead, still promising future of Ukrainian art and exert a strong influence on many ways to attract people to something countries and cultures they don’t understand 40 42 NAVIGATOR The Earth’s Star Scars: Top 10 Tourist How impact events have greatly changed Attractions in Kharkiv our planet, including the territory of Oblast worth seeing, contemporary Ukraine regardless of the season or weather 44 48 Natalia Romanec, Shaun Williams, Editors; Anna Korbut, Translator Mailing address: PO Box 2, Kyiv, 03067 The Ukrainian Week № 3 (45) February 2013 Publisher address: vul. Mashynobudivna 37, Kyiv 03067 Ukraine Founder: ECEM Media Ukraine LLC Publisher: The Ukrainian Week LLC E-mail: [email protected], Tel.: (044) 351-1300 First published in January 2010 www.ukrainianweek.com State registration certificate Print: The Novy Druk, LLC, 1 Mahnitohorska Str. Series KB No18352-7152ПР of October 24, 2011 Ordering number: 13-5351. Print run: 15,000 Bohdan Andriytsev, Director, ECEM Media Ukraine LLC Sent to print on 7 Feubruary 2013 Serhiy Lytvynenko, Editor-in-Chief, The Ukrainian Week Free distribution № 3 (45) FEBRUARY 2013|THE UKRAINIAN WEEK|3 BRIEFING| 16 January 24 January 29 January High AdministrativeC ourt Viktor Yanukovych People in many cities com- recognizes OUN-UPA signs an agreement memorate the 400 Ukrainian members as fighters for on shale gas explora- soldiers, who fought against a Ukraine’s independence tion in Ukraine with 4,000-strong Bolshevik army in Royal Dutch Shell the 1918 Battle of Kruty (read more on p. 22) The UnfinishedG ongadze Case hypothetically contracted the murder.” Telychenko hopes to appeal the verdict against Pukach and de- mand the determination by the court that the crime was a contract murder. She added that, together with Myroslava Gongadze, she will demand the renewal of proceed- ings in the case against Yuriy Kravchenko, which was previously separated out into an individual file. “The case against those who ordered the murder of Gongadze is not formally closed and has to be reopened” Telychenko said. Pukach disclosed the names of those who potentially ordered the murder in summer 2011. They in- cluded ex-president Leonid Kuchma, and Volodymyr Lytvyn, the then Chief of Staff and ex- Speaker of the Verkhovna Rada. Author: he Pechersk District Court in to threaten him, but accidentally He mentioned their names again Milan Lelich Kyiv announced its verdict broke his neck, leading to his after he heard his verdict: “I will against the last of those di- death. However, the court did not agree (to the verdict – Ed.) when Trectly involved in the murder take this argument into account. Kuchma and Lytvyn are in this of journalist Georgiy Gongadze in The reasons Pukach gave as cage with me.” So far, there has September 2000. The ex-chief of his motive for the crime look been no reaction from the Prosecu- the Criminal Investigation Office, more intriguing. He said that he tor General’s Office. Of all the cases General Oleksiy Pukach, was sen- was executing the order of ex-In- related to the murder of Gongadze, tenced to life in prison. In 2008, terior Minister Yuriy Kravchenko only the one concerning ex-Interior his accomplices, three subordinate in the hope of getting a promo- Minister Yuriy Kravchenko’s com- policemen, were sentenced to 12-13 tion and higher rank. “It surprises plicity remains open. It has been years. me that the court deemed the fact eight years since the mysterious Pukach’s evidence often sur- of the Interior Minister Kravchen- death of the latter, so it looks as if it prised those present in court – but ko’s order to Pukach to be proved, will stay that way. not the press, which was not al- yet did not see that it was a con- Clearly, Kravchenko is the lowed in. Among other things, he tract killing,” said Valentyna Tel- most convenient participant in the claimed that Gongadze was a for- ychenko, the lawyer for Gongadze case. The late minister eign intelligence agent or had been Gongadze’s widow Myroslava im- cannot give anyone away. But the plotting a state overthrow. He mediately after the verdict was question of Kuchma’s and Lytvyn’s pleaded partly guilty in the murder announced. “The verdict does not involvement in the murder re- of Gongadze saying that he wanted mention the names of those who mains unanswered for society The month 6 February 1893 7 February 1483 9 February 1648 in history Dmytro Hryhorovych, Yuriy Drohobych’s Prognosis Bohdan Khmelnytsky Ukrainian aircraft de- Evaluation of the Current Year is electedH etman of signer and hydroplane 1483 is published as the first Zaporizhia Sich inventor, is born printed book by a Ukrainian author in Rome 4|THE UKRAINIAN WEEK|№ 3 (45) FEBRUARY 2013 |BRIEFING 5 February 6 February The BOBs, an annual blog Opposition MPs block the The court postpones the ap- contest byD eutsche Welle, work of parliament, demand- peal in the Pavlychenko case includes Ukrainian as one ing the Party of Regions and till March. Rallies in their of its 14 official contest its allies to vote in person, support soon spread all over languages using the new sensor button Ukraine (read more on p. 28) GONGADZE CASE CHRONICLES 16 September 2000 4 March 2005 Journalist Georgiy Gongadze leaves his office at Kravchenko is found dead at his country home in Koncha- The UnfinishedG ongadze Case 10.30p.m. and disappears in an unknown direction Zaspa, Kyiv Oblast. Investigators qualify this as suicide, -al 2 November 2000 though two gunshot wounds are found in his head An unidentified beheaded body is found in a forest near 9 January 2006 even after Pukach’s sentencing. In Tarashcha, a town in Kyiv Oblast, later recognized as the The Kyiv Court of Appeal starts hearings on the involve- fact, keeping them both on the body of the murdered journalist ment of ex-police officers Mykola Protasov, Valeriy Kostenko and Oleksandr Popovych in the murder of hook is convenient for those in 28 November 2000 The leader of the Socialist Party, Oleksandr Moroz, ac- Gongadze. The trial takes place behind closed doors power. Even though he has stayed cuses President Leonid Kuchma of the murder and re- 29 August 2006 out of politics for a while now, veals the existence of Melnychenko’s tapes Lesia Gongadze, the mother of Georgiy Gongadze, Kuchma has influence over Viktor December 2000 makes a public statement, saying that she has no confi- Pinchuk (notably, Pinchuk’s TV A tent city is set up on Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Indepen- dence in the investigation and the court as regards her channels turned a blind eye to the dence Square) in Kyiv and the Ukraine Without Kuchma son’s case fact that Pukach mentioned protest begins 15 March 2008 The Kyiv Court of Appeal sentences Protasov to 13 years Kuchma and Lytvyn in his final January 2001 The Prosecutor General initiates a case against Major in jail, and Kostenko and Popovych to 12 words in court) and politicians Melnychenko, accusing him of slander 31 May 2009 linked to him – and he may be- 27 February 2001 Retired Major-General Eduard Fere, considered to be come yet another prosecution wit- The Prosecutor General initiates a case under charges of close to Oleksiy Pukach, dies after a lengthy coma ness in cases against Yulia Ty- murder 21 July 2009 moshenko, since the relevant 9 March 2001 Pukach is arrested in a village in Zhytomyr Oblast events took place when he was After clashes in front of the Presidential Administration, 28 July 2009 president.
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  • Country Information and Guidance Ukraine: Background Information, Including Actors of Protection and Internal Relocation

    Country Information and Guidance Ukraine: Background Information, Including Actors of Protection and Internal Relocation

    Country Information and Guidance Ukraine: Background information, including actors of protection and internal relocation Version 1.0 August 2016 Preface This document provides country of origin information (COI) and guidance to Home Office decision makers on handling particular types of protection and human rights claims. This includes whether claims are likely to justify the granting of asylum, humanitarian protection or discretionary leave and whether – in the event of a claim being refused – it is likely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under s94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. Decision makers must consider claims on an individual basis, taking into account the case specific facts and all relevant evidence, including: the guidance contained with this document; the available COI; any applicable caselaw; and the Home Office casework guidance in relation to relevant policies. Country Information The COI within this document has been compiled from a wide range of external information sources (usually) published in English. Consideration has been given to the relevance, reliability, accuracy, objectivity, currency, transparency and traceability of the information and wherever possible attempts have been made to corroborate the information used across independent sources, to ensure accuracy. All sources cited have been referenced in footnotes. It has been researched and presented with reference to the Common EU [European Union] Guidelines for Processing Country of Origin Information (COI), dated April 2008, and the European Asylum Support Office’s research guidelines, Country of Origin Information report methodology, dated July 2012. Feedback Our goal is to continuously improve the guidance and information we provide. Therefore, if you would like to comment on this document, please email the Country Policy and Information Team.