DOCSLIB.ORG

Six Types of Anxiety Disorders

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Six Types of Anxiety Disorders SIX TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS by Hal Baumchen, PsyD, LP, LADC Everyone gets anxious, worried, and has occasional fears. Anxiety disorders are different. Anxiety disorders refer to a wide range of difficulties characterized by disabling levels of dread, worry, and anxiety that is not brief or passing. In co- occurring disorders, as anxiety increases, the need to escape the discomfort propels the addict to use alcohol or drugs to reduce the tension and stress and cope with the anxiety. In this lesson we will examine the six main types of anxiety disorders including: Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Social anxiety Disorder, Specific phobia, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. This skill builder exercise provides checklists to identify symptoms in each of the six major anxiety categories. This lesson is available at journeytorecovery.com Content © 2018 Hal Baumchen, PsyD, LP, LADC journeytorecovery.com SIX TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS Everyone gets anxious, worried, and has occasional fears. Anxiety disorders are IN THIS different. Anxiety disorders refer to a wide range of difficulties characterized CHAPTER by disabling levels of dread, worry, and anxiety that is not brief or passing. An individual may have more than one type of anxiety disorder. Let's examine the Define the six six main types of anxiety disorders including: major types of anxiety disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Identify common Panic Disorder characteristics for each anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder disorder Specific Phobia Explore strategies Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) to manage or get rid of anxiety Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Additionally, we will mention some common strategies you can use and behaviors you can practice to avoid or manage anxiety. Some anxiety is considered normal, and even constructive. For instance, someone who is mildly anxious about an interview may take time to prepare for it. In this regard, anxiety plays a useful purpose to inspire and motivate. The primary traits of all anxiety disorders include subjective feelings of anxiety, stress, worry, fear, emotional distress, negative thinking, muscle tension, sleep disturbance, feeling out of control, avoidance patterns, and interruptions in daily life. Negative thought patterns continue the cycle of distress, followed by attempts to avoid the anxiety-producing situation or circumstance. Following are the anxiety disorder types and common symptoms for each one. All content © 2018 Hal Baumchen, PsyD, LP, LADC Six Types of Anxiety Disorders page 1 NOTES GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER The symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder may appear relatively unfocused, low-key, and chronic. There may be no panic attacks or high states of anxiety. Many clients cannot specifically name what causes them to be anxious or tense. In order to fit the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder, symptoms must appear more than half the days, for at least six months. The symptoms may impair the ability to function normally at work or in relationships. Additionally, the client states he or she has difficulty controlling the symptoms. Although general anxiety disorder may vary in how it is exhibited, common symptoms include: Constant worry about an event, Being indecisive and distressed often out of proportion to its actual when making decisions significance Feeling irritable Feeling restless, tense, or on edge Trouble relaxing or sitting still Being easily fatigued or worn out Trembling or shaking Muscle tension or headaches Significant muscle tension Having difficulty staying focused or Sleep disturbance concentrating PANIC DISORDER Panic disorder is a common anxiety disorder in which the client experiences more than one panic attack and often worries about having more of them. Almost immediately following the first panic attack, there are concerns of “what if I have another one, what if I have one in a crowded movie theater, what if I have one during an interview?” Panic attacks are extremely painful experiences clients try to avoid. Those with panic disorder often meet criteria for a depressive disorder as well. Half of all clients with panic disorder have agoraphobia, which is the fear and avoidance of unknown situations and anxiety-producing circumstances. Panic symptoms include: Heart palpitations or accelerated Dizziness, feeling faint or heart rate lightheaded Trembling or shaking Feeling like things are not real, Shortness of breath watching life from the outside Excessive sweating Avoidance of activities or environments that trigger panic Sensations of choking symptoms Chest pain or constriction in Fear of dying or losing control one’s chest Recognizing the fear is Gastrointestinal symptoms, unreasonable including nausea Six Types of Anxiety Disorders page 2 All content © 2018 Hal Baumchen, PsyD, LP, LADC SOCIAL ANXIETY DISORDER NOTES Social anxiety disorder is best defined as an excessive fear of social situations. It affects between two and thirteen percent of the US population. About one in five patients with social anxiety disorder also suffer from an alcohol or substance use disorder. One common theory suggests alcohol is a means of coping with social fear and anxiety. It is believed by many that alcohol reduces feelings of tension and awkwardness, and lowers inhibitions, thus making it easier to interact in a social setting. Signs and symptoms of social anxiety disorder can include: Frequent fear you will be judged unfavorably in a social situation Being concerned you will humiliate or embarrass yourself Fear of rejection or disapproval from those most important to you Worrying you will hurt someone’s feelings An undue fear you appear to others as anxious and socially awkward Experiencing concern that certain physical symptoms such as blushing, sweating, trembling, or having a shaky voice will be noticed by others Wanting to avoid speaking with others out of fear of embarrassment Avoiding situations where you might be the center of attention An intense fear of interacting with strangers Anxiety in anticipation of a feared activity or event After a social situation, constantly analyzing and thinking through your performance to identify flaws in your interactions Expecting the worst possible consequences from a real, or perceived, negative social interaction People with social anxiety disorder are often afraid of several situations rather than just one specific thing. Most people with a social anxiety disorder are cautious, worried, easily intimidated, and insecure in a variety of situations. A specific fear or worry often becomes generalized to a wide variety of normally insignificant situations. As it grows, social anxiety can interrupt the normal ease and peace of everyday life. Common, everyday experiences that provoke social anxiety may include: Speaking in public Dating, including asking for the Eating or drinking in front of others date, making phone calls, initiating intimacy Writing or working in front of others Making small talk Reading aloud Returning purchases to a store Being the center of attention Expressing your opinion Interacting with people Talking in front of authority figures Giving reports in a group such as police, attorneys, bosses, Expressing disagreement with teachers someone’s opinion Using public toilets Making eye contact Taking exams All content © 2018 Hal Baumchen, PsyD, LP, LADC Six Types of Anxiety Disorders page 3 NOTES Asking questions in a group Going to a party—especially if you Entering a room where people have do not know everyone already gathered or are seated Interacting with strangers Talking on the telephone Initiating conversations Taking part in a performance such as Going to work or school a play, athletic event, or concert SPECIFIC PHOBIA A specific phobia is an unreasonable fear associated with a specific object or experience. Clients with phobias have unwarranted fear; facing a feared object will immediately make him or her feel tense, nervous, and panicky. This condition is known as anticipatory anxiety as the client looks ahead and is made increasingly more anxious. A phobia is more difficult to live with when it actually interrupts or interferes with your life. Common specific phobias include fear of: Flying Spiders Elevators Heights Rodents Closed spaces Snakes Travel Thunderstorms Dogs Crowds Earthquakes Insects Blood Diagnostic symptoms of specific phobias include: An unreasonable, excessive, strong, and persistent fear Fear triggered by a specific object or situation that is present or anticipated The fear-object almost always provokes an immediate anxiety response The patient acknowledges the fear is unrealistic or unreasonable The phobia interferes with usual routines, job, relationships, and personal functioning The person avoids the phobic stimulus or the environment where it may occur If the person is exposed to the object, they may endure the anxiety with great distress OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is comprised of two major components, obsessions and compulsions. It is a psychological disorder and causes recurrent and persistent thoughts or images, leading to significant distress. Obsessions are thoughts or other impulses pushing in and causing anxiety and distress. These obsessions go beyond normal life worries and become unrealistic and exaggerated. There is some recognition on the client's part the recurrent thoughts are irrational and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Clinically Significant Avoidance of Public
    Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23 (2009) 1170–1176 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Anxiety Disorders Clinically significant avoidance of public transport following the London bombings: Travel phobia or subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder? Rachel V. Handley a,*, Paul M. Salkovskis a, Peter Scragg b, Anke Ehlers a a King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Department of Psychology, and Centre for Anxiety Disorders and Trauma, London, UK b Trauma Clinic, London, UK ARTICLEI NFO ABSTRA CT Article history: Following the London bombings of 7 July 2005 a ‘‘screen and treat’’ program was set up with the aim of Received 6 March 2008 providing rapid treatment for psychological responses in individuals directly affected. The present study Received in revised form 28 July 2009 found that 45% of the 596 respondents to the screening program reported phobic fear of public transport Accepted 28 July 2009 in a screening questionnaire. The screening program identified 255 bombing survivors who needed treatment for a psychological disorder. Of these, 20 (8%) suffered from clinically significant travel phobia. Keywords: However, many of these individuals also reported symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. Terrorist violence Comparisons between the travel phobia group and a sex-matched group of bombing survivors with PTSD Specific phobia showed that the travel phobic group reported fewer re-experiencing and arousal symptoms on the Posttraumatic stress disorder Screening Trauma Screening Questionnaire (Brewin et al., 2002). The only PTSD symptoms that differentiated the groups were anger problems and feeling upset by reminders of the bombings. There was no difference between the groups in the reported severity of trauma or in presence of daily transport difficulties.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Veterans Affairs § 4.130
    Department of Veterans Affairs § 4.130 than 50 percent and schedule an exam- upon the Diagnostic and Statistical ination within the six month period Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth following the veteran’s discharge to de- Edition, of the American Psychiatric termine whether a change in evalua- Association (DSM-IV). Rating agencies tion is warranted. must be thoroughly familiar with this (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 1155) manual to properly implement the di- rectives in § 4.125 through § 4.129 and to [61 FR 52700, Oct. 8, 1996] apply the general rating formula for § 4.130 Schedule of ratings—mental mental disorders in § 4.130. The sched- disorders. ule for rating for mental disorders is The nomenclature employed in this set forth as follows: portion of the rating schedule is based Rating Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders 9201 Schizophrenia, disorganized type 9202 Schizophrenia, catatonic type 9203 Schizophrenia, paranoid type 9204 Schizophrenia, undifferentiated type 9205 Schizophrenia, residual type; other and unspecified types 9208 Delusional disorder 9210 Psychotic disorder, not otherwise specified (atypical psychosis) 9211 Schizoaffective disorder Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders 9300 Delirium 9301 Dementia due to infection (HIV infection, syphilis, or other systemic or intracranial infections) 9304 Dementia due to head trauma 9305 Vascular dementia 9310 Dementia of unknown etiology 9312 Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type 9326 Dementia due to other neurologic or general medical conditions (endocrine
    [Show full text]
  • An Evidence Based Guide to Anxiety in Autism
    Academic excellence for business and the professions The Autism Research Group An Evidence Based Guide to Anxiety in Autism Sebastian B Gaigg, Autism Research Group City, University of London Jane Crawford, Autism and Social Communication Team West Sussex County Council Helen Cottell, Autism and Social Communication Team West Sussex County Council www.city.ac.uk November 2018 Foreword Over the past 10-15 years, research has confirmed what many parents and teachers have long suspected – that many autistic children often experience very significant levels of anxiety. This guide provides an overview of what is currently known about anxiety in autism; how common it is, what causes it, and what strategies might help to manage and reduce it. By combining the latest research evidence with experience based recommendations for best practice, the aim of this guide is to help educators and other professionals make informed decisions about how to promote mental health and well-being in autistic children under their care. 3 Contents What do we know about anxiety in autism? 5 What is anxiety? 5 How common is anxiety and what does it look like in autism? 6 What causes anxiety in autism? 7-9 Implications for treatment approaches 10 Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 10 Coping with uncertainity 11 Mindfulness based therapy 11 Tools to support the management of anxiety in autism 12 Sensory processing toolbox 12-13 Emotional awareness and alexithymia toolbox 14-15 Intolerance of uncertainty toolbox 16-17 Additional resources and further reading 18-19 A note on language in this guide There are different preferences among members of the autism community about whether identity-first (‘autistic person’) or person-first (‘person with autism’) language should be used to describe individuals who have received an autism spectrum diagnosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Toilet Phobia Booklet
    National Phobics Society (NPS) Registered Charity No: 1113403 Company Reg. No: 5551121 Tel: 0870 122 2325 www.phobics-society.org.uk 1975 Golden Rail Award breaking the silence 1989 National Whitbread Community Care Award 2002 BT/THA Helpline Worker of the Year Award The Queen’s Award for Voluntary Service 2006 unsung heros The Queen’s Award for Voluntary Service 2006 what is toilet phobia? Toilet Phobia is rarely just one condition. It is a term used to describe a number of overlapping conditions (see diagram below): social what is toilet phobia? 3 phobia agoraphobia paruresis who can be affected? 4 toilet phobia what causes toilet phobia? 5 panic parcopresis does everyone have the same experience? 5 ocd forms of toilet phobia 6-7 real life experiences 8-12 These conditions have one thing in Due to the nature of this common - everyone affected has problem, people are often difficulties around using the toilet. reluctant to admit to the anxiety & fear: understanding the effects 13-14 These difficulties vary but with the condition or to seek help. right support, the problems can Those who do seek help can usually be alleviated, reduced or usually overcome or improve what types of help are available? 15-19 managed. their ability to cope with the problem, even after many The fears around the toilet include: years of difficulty. Seeking help real life experiences 20 • not being able to is the first step to finding real urinate/defecate improvements. success stories 21 • fear of being too far from a toilet • fear of using public toilets • fear that others may be watching your next step 22 or scrutinising/listening glossary 23 2 3 who can be affected? what causes toilet phobia? Almost anyone - Toilet Phobia is Toilet Phobia and overlapping/ not as rare as you may think.
    [Show full text]
  • The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Diagnostic Criteria for Research
    The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders Diagnostic criteria for research World Health Organization Geneva The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations with primary responsibility for international health matters and public health. Through this organization, which was created in 1948, the health professions of some 180 countries exchange their knowledge and experience with the aim of making possible the attainment by all citizens of the world by the year 2000 of a level of health that will permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. By means of direct technical cooperation with its Member States, and by stimulating such cooperation among them, WHO promotes the development of comprehensive health services, the prevention and control of diseases, the improvement of environmental conditions, the development of human resources for health, the coordination and development of biomedical and health services research, and the planning and implementation of health programmes. These broad fields of endeavour encompass a wide variety of activities, such as developing systems of primary health care that reach the whole population of Member countries; promoting the health of mothers and children; combating malnutrition; controlling malaria and other communicable diseases including tuberculosis and leprosy; coordinating the global strategy for the prevention and control of AIDS; having achieved the eradication of smallpox, promoting mass immunization against a number of other
    [Show full text]
  • A Cognitivebehavioural Perspective on Personality Disorders With
    Personality and Mental Health 6: 170–173 (2012) Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/pmh.1195 Commentary A cognitive-behavioural perspective on Personality disorders with over-regulation of emotions and poor self-reflectivity: The case of a man with avoidant and not-otherwise specified personality disorder, social phobia and dysthymia treated with Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy RICKS WARREN, University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2700, USA Dimaggio, Attina, Popolo, Salvatore and Procacci and Fonagy (2000). Treatments should be well- (2012) present a complex case of primarily structured,concentrate on enhancing compliance, avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) with addi- have a clear focus, be theoretically coherent to both tional dependent, depressive, paranoid and therapist and patient, be relatively long-term, passive–aggressive personality traits, along with encourage a powerful attachment relationship dysthymia, social phobia and erectile dysfunction. between therapist and patient and involve an active As the authors note, there is no treatment manual therapist stance (Silk, 2010). At the end of 1 year of for such complex cases, and Metacognitive treatment, the patient is reported to no longer suffer Interpersonal Therapy (MIT) seems appropriate from any personality disorder, and improvement in for the case presented. As Emmelkamp et al. social phobia and sexual problems also were (2006) have noted, AvPD is highly prevalent in obtained. Given such a complex case with apparent the community and is associated with even more failure to make clinically significant gains in 5 years impairment than major depression. Of all the of previous CBT for social phobia, the potency of personality disorders, it is the most persistent, and MIT is well supported.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Phobias Pp
    WINTER 2020 BalancedLiving Social Phobias pp. 6-7 Understanding Dementia: Tips for Caregivers pp. 8-9 ...Also In this issue... Why I Use Psychotherapy Stress Signals MINES Eye: 10 Minute Mindfulness Walk & Brief Meditation BalancedLiving WINTER 2020 MINES & Associates 10367 West Centennial Road Littleton, Colorado 80127 800.873.7138 www.MINESandAssociates.com . CREDITS . A word from your Employee Assistance Program... The Staywell Company, LLC ©2020 Why I Use Psychotherapy pg. 4 Welcome to the Winter 2020 issue of BalancedLiving! Stress Signals pg. 5 National Institute of Mental Health 2020 has been a challenging year for all of us, but we hope (NIMH) ©2020 that the resources we provide in this publication, as well as Social Phobias pp. 6-7 the services that MINES provides you through the EAP have Life Advantages - Author Delvina Miremadi ©2020 Understanding Dementia: Tips for whenhelped it to comes, make developit easier. yourTo help mindfulness finish out theskills, year and strong provide we Caregivers pp. 8-9 somehave fill support this issue to caregivers with more that resources are caring to help for lovedmanage ones! stress The MINES Team MINES Eye: 10 Minute Mindfulness Walk On page 4 we start off with an article talking about why & Brief Meditation pg. 10 someone may want to use therapy and how it can be useful. Next we look at the stress signals our body gives us when we www.food.com Recipe: Traditional Irish Shepherd’s Pie are under pressure. On page 6 there is a discussion on social pg. 11 phobias, on of the most common of all phobias.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Visually Impaired Older Adults
    Low Vision Major Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Visually Impaired Older Adults Hilde P. A. van der Aa,1,2 Hannie C. Comijs,2,3 Brenda W. J. H. Penninx,2,3 Ger H. M. B. van Rens,1,2,4 and Ruth M. A. van Nispen1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2EMGOþ Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGOþ), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3Department Psychiatry VUmc/GGZinGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands 4Department of Ophthalmology, Elkerliek Hospital, Helmond, The Netherlands Correspondence: Hilde PA van der PURPOSE. We assessed the prevalence of subthreshold depression and anxiety, and major Aa, VU University Medical Center, De depressive, dysthymic, and anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, and Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amster- general anxiety disorder) in visually impaired older adults and compared these estimates with dam, The Netherlands; those of normally sighted peers. [email protected]. METHODS. Cross-sectional data were analyzed based on telephone interviews with visually Submitted: October 10, 2014 Accepted: January 6, 2015 impaired older adults aged ‡ 60 years (n ¼ 615) with a visual acuity of ‡ 0.30 logMAR (20/40 Snellen) in the best eye from outpatient low vision rehabilitation centers, and face-to-face Citation: van der Aa HPA, Comijs HC, interviews with community-dwelling normally sighted peers (n ¼ 1232). To determine Penninx BWJH, van Rens GHMB, van prevalence rates, the normally sighted population was weighted on sex and age to fit the Nispen RMA. Major depressive and visually impaired population. Logistic regression analyses were used to compare the anxiety disorders in visually impaired older adults.
    [Show full text]
  • Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia?
    WHAT ARE PANIC DISORDER AND AGORAPHOBIA? BASIC FACTS • SYMPTOMS • FAMILIES • TREATMENTS RT P SE A Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center E C I D F I A C VA Desert Pacific Healthcare Network V M R E E Long Beach VA Healthcare System N T T N A E L C IL L LN A E IC S IN Education and Dissemination Unit 06/116A S R CL ESE N & ARCH, EDUCATIO 5901 E. 7th street | Long Beach, CA 90822 basic facts Panic disorder and agoraphobia are two separate psychiatric events and environmental stressors. disorders that often occur together. Panic disorder is characterized Although much is unknown about the role of genes in the de- by recurrent and sometimes unexpected panic attacks. A panic at- velopment of panic disorder, genetics research on panic disorder tack, or “fight or flight” response, is a sudden rush of intense anx- indicates that multiple genes are likely involved. Panic and other iety with symptoms such as rapid heart rate, difficulty breathing, anxiety disorders tend to run in families, giving support to genetic numbness or tingling, and/or a fear of dying. Panic attacks usually hypotheses. In addition to genes, other risk factors need to be pres- reach their peak within minutes, but people sometimes continue ent in order for someone to develop panic disorder. For example, to feel anxious or exhausted after one occurs. In some cases, peo- many scientists believe that there is a biological contribution to ple with panic disorder experience nocturnal panic attacks, which the development and maintenance of panic disorder, such as an wake them up from sleep.
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Phobic Dental Patients by Louis Siegelman, DDS with Thanks to Laura Davila, DDS
    OF PROFESSIONAL INTEREST A Framework for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Phobic Dental Patients by Louis Siegelman, DDS with thanks to Laura Davila, DDS Dr. Siegelman is a Dentist Anesthesiologist, practicing in Patients will often use verbiage that is diagnostic for midtown Manhattan. Dr. Siegelman is Assistant Director of panic or PTSD, reflecting the fight or flight response. Pa- the Dental Anesthesiology Residency Program at Lutheran tients share various incidents—they may relate having to Medical Center in Brooklyn. His practice and career has been run out of a medical or dental situation in the past; or ex- press the fight component by saying they bit or kicked a devoted to patients with dental phobia and special needs. health care provider. Establishing the etiology of the dental phobia is defined as an irrational or excessive fear of fear or source of avoidance of care, points to therapy (3). A an object or situation. Dental phobia can be an ex- Oral sedation can raise the threshold for a panic attack, tremely debilitating fear, but is often a learned reflex re- pain perception, or setting off the gag reflex. IV sedation sponse based on traumatic experiences. The fear response allows for titration of short acting anxiolytics, propofol, is a natural human neuroendocrine phenomena that has or opiates. Intravenous sedation is more appropriate for a strong evolutionary basis. In essence, we are all wired deeper levels of sedation because it provides a lifeline for for this response. We can all express this wiring if we have rapid administration of emergency medications, provides been imprinted with the right stimulus.
    [Show full text]
  • Bipolar Disorder
    Unpacking Bipolar Disorder David C. Hall, MD Child Adolescent & Family Psychiatry Samaritan Center of Puget Sound February 8, 2011 Bipolar Disorders: Scope of the Problem ■ Bipolar I and II disorders occur in up to 4% of the population 1,2 ■ frequently begin in the mid to late-teens 3,4 ■ cause chronic disability 5-7 ■ characterized by recurrent and chronic symptoms with associated multiple psychiatric and medical comorbid conditions 1,2 ■ also excess and premature mortality and suicide 8-10 ■ Bipolar disorder has been listed among the top 10 causes of disability worldwide 7 ■ estimated to cost about $70 billion/year in 2008 dollars 11,12,15 Bipolar Disorders: Part I Understanding Diagnosis Whatever goes up must come down unless it goes into orbit Understanding the DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4th Edition, Revised Published by the American Psychiatric Association ■ Committee determined symptom criteria ■ Based on peer reviewed literature and/or ■ Expert consensus ■ Disability or clear change from baseline lasting a week or more ■ Not accounted for by a broader category of illness or substance use ■ Designed to promote inter-rater consistency and credible research comparisons Bipolar Disorder: What is it? ■ A spectrum disorder of mood and cognition that has been described for centuries ■ Classification and treatments have developed mostly since the 1970’s ■ Psychotic levels of mania were often described as schizophrenia before then Diagnostic requirements ■ Symptoms meet full criteria for either ■ a major depressive episode in
    [Show full text]
  • The Anxiety Disorders
    The Anxiety Disorders M. Sean Stanley, MD Assistant Professor OHSUOHSU Psychiatry “The Desperate Man” (1844-45) Gustave Courbet Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Specific Phobia Social Phobia (Social Anxiety Disorder) Adjustment Disorder with Anxiety Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder OHSUAnxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Illness Anxiety Disorder Major Depressive Disorder, with anxious distress Bipolar Disorder, most recent episode manic, with anxious distress Borderline Personality Disorder What I’m talking about… and what I’m not talking about*. DSM-5 Anxiety Disorders DSM-5 Anxiety Disorder (diagnosed in children) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Selective Mutism Panic Disorder Separation Anxiety Specific Phobia Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) DSM-5 Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders Substance/Medication-Induced Anxiety Disorder Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Anxiety Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition Adjustment Disorder with Anxiety DSM-5 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders DSM-5 Trans-diagnostic Specifiers Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Panic Attack DSM-5 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders OHSUAnxious Distress Illness Anxiety Disorder Somatic Symptom Disorder *well, maybe just a little First Things First Is all anxiety bad? Anxiety/worry can help us: • Prepare for challenges • Keep ourselves and others safe • Keep up on responsibilities OHSU• Be respectful to others First Things First What is the difference between anxiety and fear? OHSU First Things First Anxiety Fear Insidious onset for to prepare for challenge Rapid onset survival response Primarily Cognitive Primarily non-cognitive Less Intense autonomic arousal Intense autonomic arousal OHSUMuscle Tension, Vigilance, Ruminative Thought Fight or flight, Escape behaviors, Tachycardia Protracted Brief/Discrete Some overlap First Things First GAD Cat Panic Cat OHSUFor most people, anxiety and fear are appropriately activated/deactivated.
    [Show full text]