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Relics of the Bulgarian National Epic
PAISStt OF HILENDAR: FOUNDER OF THE NATIONAL IDEOLOGY In modern historiography the first centuries of the of the respectful image of Mediaeval Bulgaria. In Sremski Ottoman rule of Bulgarian lands are determined as Late Karlovci, one of the most active literary centres of the Middle Ages. The time from the beginning of the 18th time, Paissi read the book of Dubrovnik Abbot Mavro century to the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War is called Orbini "The Realm of the Slavs" in which he discovered Bulgarian National Revival. If the National Revival period considerable evidence about the Bulgarians' past. for Northern Bulgaria and the Sofia Region continued by In 1762 he completed "Slav-Bulgarian History, about 1878, for Eastern Rumelia it was by 1885 and for the People and the Kings, the Bulgarian Saints and All Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace by 1912-1913. Bulgarian Activities and Events". In 83 hand-written The National Revival in the Bulgarian lands witnessed pages the inspired Hilendar Monk interpreted using considerable economic progress. The Bulgarian were romantic and heightened tone the grandour of increasingly getting rid of their mediaeval restricted out- Mediaeval Bulgaria, the victory of the Bulgarian army look and helplessness and were gradually getting aware over Byzantium, the impressive bravery and manliness of as people, aspiring towards economic and cultural the Bulgarians, the historic mission of the Cyril and progress. Hilendar monk Paissii became a mouthpiece of Methodius brothers and other eloquent facts, worthy to these changes in the national self-awareness. He was be remembers and respected by the successors. Already the first to perceive the beginning of the new time and in the forward this noted Bulgarian appealed with gen- the need of formulating verbally the maturing historical uine sincerity towards his compatriots to love and keep prospects and tasks before the Bulgarian people. -
Annual Report 2011
!..5!,Þ2%0/24Þ #/.4%.43 Þ-%33!'%Þ4/Þ4(%Þ3(!2%(/,$%23Þ ÞÞ"5,'!2)!Þ).Þ Þ %CONOMYÞ/VERVIEWÞÞ )NSURANCEÞ-ARKETÞ ÞÞ!2-%%#Þ).Þ Þ !BOUTÞTHEÞ#OMPANYÞ -ARKETÞ0OSITIONÞ "USINESSÞ2ESULTSÞÞ +EYÞ&INANCIALÞ$ATAÞ /VERVIEWÞOFÞ!CTIVITIESÞ &UTUREÞ$EVELOPMENT ÞÞ&).!.#)!,Þ34!4%-%.43Þ 3TATEMENTÞOFÞ&INANCIALÞ0OSITIONÞ 3TATEMENTÞOFÞ#OMPREHENSIVEÞ)NCOMEÞ 3TATEMENTÞOFÞ#HANGESÞINÞ%QUITYÞ 3TATEMENTÞOFÞ#ASHÞ&LOWS ÞÞ).$%0%.$%.4Þ!5$)4/2³3Þ2%0/24 ÞÞ$)342)"54)/.Þ!.$Þ"2!.#(Þ.%47/2+Þ !..5!,Þ2%0/24Þ !..5!,Þ2%0/24Þ -%33!'%Þ4/Þ4(%Þ3(!2%(/,$%23 $EARÞ3HAREHOLDERS Þ 4HEÞYEARÞÞWASÞAÞMILESTONEÞINÞTHEÞDEVELOPMENTÞOFÞTHEÞCOMPANYÞ ÞTHEÞTHÞANNIVERSARYÞOFÞITSÞFOUNDATIONÞ!LTHOUGHÞTHISÞ PERIODÞISÞNOTÞSOÞLONG ÞITÞWASÞSUFFICIENTÞTOÞESTABLISHÞ!RMEECÞ*SCÞASÞAÞMODERNÞCOMPANYÞWHICHÞSETSÞHIGHÞSTANDARDSÞINÞTHEÞ "ULGARIANÞINSURANCEÞMARKETÞ4HEÞBRANDÞ°!RMEEC±ÞBECAMEÞAÞBENCHMARKÞINÞINSURANCE ÞANDÞTHISÞISÞAMONGÞTHEÞMOSTÞVALUABLEÞ COMPETITIVEÞADVANTAGESÞOFÞTHEÞCOMPANYÞANDÞALSOÞAÞHUGEÞRESPONSIBILITYÞÞ 2UMENÞ'EORGIEV 4SVETANKAÞ+RUMOVA #HAIRMANÞOFÞTHEÞ-ANAGEMENTÞ"OARD -EMBERÞOFÞTHEÞ-ANAGEMENTÞ"OARD ANDÞ%XECUTIVEÞ$IRECTOR Þ ANDÞ%XECUTIVEÞ$IRECTOR Þ WASÞ ALSOÞ REMARKABLEÞ FORÞ THEÞ CONSOLIDATIONÞ OFÞ THEÞ COMPANY³SÞ LEADINGÞ POSITIONÞ 4HEÞ UPWARDÞ TRENDÞ INÞ THEÞ DEVELOPMENTÞ OFÞ !RMEECÞ *SCÞ CULMINATEDÞ INÞ REACHINGÞ THEÞ SECONDÞ PLACEÞ ONÞ THEÞ "ULGARIANÞ INSURANCEÞÞ MARKETÞ)NÞFIGURES ÞTHISÞMEANSÞAÞPREMIUMÞINCOMEÞOFÞABOUTÞ"'.ÞÞMILLION ÞANÞINCREASEÞOFÞOVERÞÞCOMPAREDÞTOÞTHEÞÞ PREVIOUSÞYEARÞANDÞAÞMARKETÞSHAREÞOFÞÞ4HESEÞPARAMETERSÞDEFINEÞTHEÞNEWÞIMAGEÞOFÞ!RMEECÞ ÞAFTERÞÞYEARSÞOFÞÞ PRESENCEÞINÞTHEÞINSURANCEÞMARKET -
175 Churches and Monasteries – Objects Of
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________ DERMENDZHIEV, Athanas,; DOYKOV, Martin (2017). The Churches and Monasteries – objects of religious tourism in the district of Veliko …. The Overarching Issues of the European Space: Society, Economy and Heritage in a Scenario … Porto: FLUP, pp. 175‐183 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ CHURCHES AND MONASTERIES – OBJECTS OF RELIGIOUS TOURISM IN THE DISTRICT OF VELIKO TARNOVO (BULGARIA) Athanas DERMENDZHIEV Department of Geography, Faculty of History, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria [email protected] Martin DOYKOV Department of Geography, Faculty of History, “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. [email protected] Abstract The need of focusing on the significance of religious tourist sites and objects in the region of Veliko Tarnovo is provoked by socio-economic necessities. The last presume activation of cultural-historical resources with a view to the interest to the available objects. Religion, as spirit and interaction, presumes corresponding objectification. The last one is a segment in the formation of religious-tourist bank for its exploitation in spiritual-nationalistic direction. Recognized by Bulgarians as an ozonizing areal, the region of Veliko Tarnovo presumes fixing on values of cultural-historical content. Their studying and the explanation of their existence -
History of Modern Bulgarian Literature
The History ol , v:i IL Illlllf iM %.m:.:A Iiiil,;l|iBif| M283h UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA LIBRARIES COLLEGE LIBRARY Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from LYRASIS Members and Sloan Foundation http://archive.org/details/historyofmodernbOOmann Modern Bulgarian Literature The History of Modern Bulgarian Literature by CLARENCE A. MANNING and ROMAN SMAL-STOCKI BOOKMAN ASSOCIATES :: New York Copyright © 1960 by Bookman Associates Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 60-8549 MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY UNITED PRINTING SERVICES, INC. NEW HAVEN, CONN. Foreword This outline of modern Bulgarian literature is the result of an exchange of memories of Bulgaria between the authors some years ago in New York. We both have visited Bulgaria many times, we have had many personal friends among its scholars and statesmen, and we feel a deep sympathy for the tragic plight of this long-suffering Slavic nation with its industrious and hard-working people. We both feel also that it is an injustice to Bulgaria and a loss to American Slavic scholarship that, in spite of the importance of Bulgaria for the Slavic world, so little attention is paid to the country's cultural contributions. This is the more deplorable for American influence in Bulgaria was great, even before World War I. Many Bulgarians were educated in Robert Col- lege in Constantinople and after World War I in the American College in Sofia, one of the institutions supported by the Near East Foundation. Many Bulgarian professors have visited the United States in happier times. So it seems unfair that Ameri- cans and American universities have ignored so completely the development of the Bulgarian genius and culture during the past century. -
Mathematics Without Borders - Spring 2017 Group 2
MATHEMATICS WITHOUT BORDERS - SPRING 2017 GROUP 2 № Full name of the participant Country City Age group Award 1 Adela Juliyan Parusheva Bulgaria Varna 2 Certificate 2 Adrian Andreev Dudev Bulgaria Ruse 2 Certificate 3 Adriano Parashkevov Drumev Bulgaria Bourgas 2 Certificate 4 Ahmed Nedzhmetin Ahmed Bulgaria s.Rаvda 2 Certificate 5 Alberto Mariov Vichev Bulgaria Plovdiv 2 Certificate 6 Aleina Mutlu Bashi Bulgaria Rousse 2 Certificate 7 Aleks Ahmedov Mehmedov Bulgaria Beloslav 2 Certificate 8 Aleks Aleksandrov Aleksov Bulgaria Ruse 2 Certificate 9 Aleks Aleksandrov Barutchiev Bulgaria Silistra 2 Certificate 10 Aleks Bentsislavov Todorov Bulgaria Varna 2 Certificate 11 Aleks Biserov Ivanov Bulgaria Pleven 2 Certificate 12 Aleks Denitsov Lazarov Bulgaria Belene 2 Certificate 13 Aleks Martinov Kirichev Bulgaria Varna 2 Gold 14 Aleks Milenov Malinov Bulgaria Kazanlak 2 Certificate 15 Aleks Nikolaev Marinkov Bulgaria Varna 2 Certificate 16 Aleks Plamenova Gergova Bulgaria Vratsa 2 Certificate 17 Aleks Velichkov Bachvarov Bulgaria Momchilgrad 2 Certificate 18 Aleksandar Aleksandrov Aleksandrov Bulgaria Silistra 2 Certificate 19 Aleksandar Aleksandrov Yosifov Bulgaria Shumen 2 Certificate 20 Aleksandar Andreev Donev Bulgaria Burgas 2 Certificate 21 Aleksandar Angelov Kanev Bulgaria Varna 2 Silver 22 Aleksandar Antonov Angelov Bulgaria Blagoevgrad 2 Certificate 23 Aleksandar Atanasov Atanasov Bulgaria Dobrich 2 Certificate 24 Aleksandar Atanasov Soanski Bulgaria Burgas 2 Certificate 25 Aleksandar Biserov Balinov Bulgaria Varna 2 Certificate 26 -
Bulgaria Archivo C I E M - Madrid
2012 La Masonería en el mundo – Bulgaria Archivo C I E M - Madrid Documentación - países Adrian Mac Liman Centro Ibérico de Estudios Masónicos (CIEM) 06/06/2012 Bulgaria's Freemasons - from Bogomils to the Failed 21st Century Project Author: Maria Guineva May 28, 2010 Several Bulgarian Freemasons have been interviewed for this story and their opinions are included below. Most, however, spoke only under condition of remaining anonymous. Dimitar Nedkov is considered by many the top expert on Freemasonry in Bulgaria. He was initiated into one of the first Bulgarian Blue Lodges shortly after the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s. He is an active participant in the restoration of Freemasonry in Bulgaria and has served as Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Bulgaria. Nedkov is a Mason 33 Degree (the highest), co-founder of the Supreme Council, 33 of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, former Grand Orator of the Grand Lodge of the Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons in Bulgaria. An avid Masonic scholar, he is the author of “The Freemasons Returned to Bulgaria” (1998) and “The Third Millennium of Freemasonry” (2000), “The Lessons of Freemasonry (2005). His last book, a fiction - “33 The Menace Dan Brown” appeared on the book stands in December. One of the founders of the Masonic magazine Svetlina (Light) and the web site freemasonry.bg. Nedkov is a member of the International Academy of the Illuminati in Rome The article below is also based on Nedkov’s book “The Freemasons Returned to Bulgaria” and the book “Masonic Lodges in Bulgaria” by Dr. -
Report on the Activity Independent Auditor's Report Financial Statements
REPORTГОДИШЕН ON THE ДОКЛАД ACTIVITY INDEPENDENTДОКЛАД AUDITOR’S НА НЕЗАВИСИМИЯREPORT ОДИТОР FINANCIALФИНАНСОВ STATEMENTS ОТЧЕТ бул. „Шипчен 1574 скSofia,и прох Bulgariaод“, № 67 Б 67 1B574 Shipchenski София, Бългаprohodри яBlvd телTel.:.: +359 2 973 36 37; 973 38 16 факFax:с: +359 +359 2 2 973 973 3 388 1818 E-mailil: [email protected] www.ecofund-bg.org www.myclimate.bg 31 декемвриDecember 20172017 г. Since the beginning of its activities until the completion of the swap deal “Debt-for-Environment” NTEF has financed 100 investment projects, providing more than BGN 26 500 000. Therefore, the Fund has played the role of a decisive factor for mobilizing additional BGN 115 100 000 from other, mainly international sources, for the implementation of environmental “The NTEF is a well-managed and highly effective public institution, protection projects in Bulgaria. environmental financing institution with few weaknesses and many strengths, making it uniquely valuable institution in bulgaria. In the end of 2011, as a result of the joint efforts of the governments With clear and tangible government support the fund has the potential of the Republic of Bulgaria and the Republic of Austria, two deals for sale to perform a much greater role in mobilizing and managing the financial of Assigned Amounts Units (AAU) with the Republic of Austria pursuant resources needed to meet the environmental challenges of eu accession.” to art. 17 of the Kyoto Protocol were finalized. As of the end of 2015, 45 public projects were implemented under both deals, amounting From “Review and Assessment of the National Trust EcoFund”, submitted by to a total of BGN 32 937 914. -
The Journal of South- Eastern European Studies Hakemli Dergi | Sayi /Issue 27 | Yil /Year 2015-1
THE JOURNAL OF SOUTH- EASTERN EUROPEAN STUDIES HAKEMLİ DERGİ | SAYI /ISSUE 27 | YIL /YEAR 2015-1 “BULGARİSTAN” İSTANBUL - 2018 Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi = The Journal for South-Eastern European Studies.--İstanbul : İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi, 1972- c.: resim, harita, tablo; 24 cm. Yılda iki sayı. ISSN 0378-3863 Elektronik ortamda da yayınlanmaktadır: http://dergipark.gov.tr/iugaad 1. TARİH – AVRUPA – SÜRELİ YAYINLAR. 2. DIŞ SİYASET – AVRUPA. 3. BALKANLAR. Telif Hakları Kanunu çerçevesinde makale ILETIŞIM | CORRESPONDENCE sahipleri ve Yayın Kurulu’nun izni olmaksızın Prof. Dr. Mustafa H. SAYAR hiçbir şekilde kopyalanamaz, çoğaltılamaz. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yazıların bilim, dil ve hukuk açısından Tarih Bölümü sorumluluğu yazarlarına aittir. POSTA ADRESI | POSTAL ADDRESS The contents of the journal are copyrighted and may not be copied or reproduced without İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi the permission of the publisher. The authors Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi bear responsibility for the statements or Ordu Cad. No: 196, 34459 Laleli/İstanbul opinions of their published articles. E-POSTA | E-MAIL [email protected] İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih Bölümü 34459 Beyazıt, İstanbul BASKI-CILT İstanbul Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü Hamdioğulları İç ve Dış Tic. A. Ş. Sağlık Kültür ve Spor Daire Başkanlığı www.hamdiogullari.com tarafından bastırılmıştır. Sertifika No: 35188 Hakemli Dergi / Peer-Reviewed Journal YAYIN KURULU | EDITORIAL BOARD Prof. Dr. İdris BOSTAN Prof. Dr. Mustafa Hamdi SAYAR (Sorumlu) Prof. Dr. Mahir AYDIN Prof. Dr. Arzu TERZİ Prof. Dr. Ebru ALTAN Prof. Dr. Birsel KÜÇÜKSİPAHİOĞLU THE JOURNAL OF SOUTH- Yrd. Doç. Dr. Neriman E. HACISALİHOĞLU EASTERN EUROPEAN STUDIES Yrd. Doç. Dr. Metin ÜNVER Yrd. Doç. Dr. Özgür KOLÇAK YAYINA HAZIRLAYANLAR EXECUTIVE EDITORS Yrd. -
Industry Report Real Estate Activities 2016 BULGARIA
Industry Report Real estate activities 2016 BULGARIA seenews.com/reports This industry report is part of your subcription access to SeeNews | seenews.com/subscription CONTENTS I. KEY INDICATORS II. INTRODUCTION III. REVENUES IV. EXPENSES V. PROFITABILITY VI. EMPLOYMENT 1 SeeNews Industry Report NUMBER OF COMPANIES IN REAL ESTATE ACTIVITIES INDUSTRY I. KEY INDICATORS BY SECTORS SECTOR 2016 2015 2014 The Real estate activities industry in Bulgaria was RENTING AND OPERATING OF OWN OR 13,171 12,321 11,498 represented by 23,612 companies at the end of 2016, LEASED REAL ESTATE compared to 23,204 in the previous year and 22,533 in BUYING AND SELLING OF OWN REAL ESTATE 5,107 5,687 6,046 2014. MANAGEMENT OF REAL ESTATE ON A FEE OR 2,706 2,611 2,427 CONTRACT BASIS The industry's net loss amounted to BGN 75,706,000 in REAL ESTATE AGENCIES 2,628 2,585 2,562 2016. The industry's total revenue was BGN 4,990,645,000 in 2016, up by 13.62% compared to the previous year. III. REVENUES The combined costs of the companies in the Real estate The total revenue in the industry was BGN 4,990,645,000 in activities industry reached BGN 5,011,917,000 in 2016, up 2016, BGN 4,392,480,000 in 2015 and 4,504,857,000 in 2014. by 4.21% year-on-year. The industry's total revenue makes up 5.38% to the Total revenue country's Gross domestic product (GDP) in 2016, compared Net sales revenue to 4.92% for 2015 and 5.24% in 2014. -
Mathematics Without Borders - Autumn 2016 Group 3
MATHEMATICS WITHOUT BORDERS - AUTUMN 2016 GROUP 3 № Full name of the participant Country City Age group Award 1 Abdrahman Alisher Kazakhstan Almaty 3 Certificate 2 Abdukarimov Samandar Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Certificate 3 Abdul Al Rahman Afghanistan Mezar-e Sharif 3 Certificate 4 Abdul Muqtader Omary Afghanistan Kabul 3 Certificate 5 Abdul Samad Mohammad Qadeer Afghanistan Kabul 3 Bronze 6 Abdul Wahid Ansari Afghanistan Kandahar 3 Certificate 7 Abdulemir Atayev Turkmenistan Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 3 Certificate 8 Abdullajonov Abdullajon Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Certificate 9 Abdullayev Saidmuhammad Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Certificate 10 Abdumannopov Abdullox Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Certificate 11 Abdurahman Arstanaliev Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 3 Gold 12 Abdurahmonnova Malika Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Certificate 13 Abdurashidov Abdukodir Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Silver 14 Abdurashidov Doston Uzbekistan Andijan 3 Gold 15 Abduvalliev Amirzoda Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Certificate 16 Abekov Mansur Kazakhstan T. Ryskulov village 3 Certificate 17 Abidjanova Somayya Uzbekistan Tashkent 3 Certificate 18 Abilakim Altair Kazakhstan Almaty 3 Certificate 19 Abuova Aizhan Kazakhstan Aktau 3 Bronze 20 Abzalkyzy Ayaulym Kazakhstan Balhash 3 Certificate 21 Abzhanov Erasyl Kazakhstan Balhash 3 Certificate 22 Adel Bahas Karagyozyan Bulgaria Varna 3 Certificate 23 Adelina Georgieva Nikolova Bulgaria Samokov 3 Certificate 24 Adelina Milkova Tsvetkova Bulgaria Shumen 3 Certificate 25 Adilkadyr Nurtas Kazakhstan Almaty 3 Certificate 26 Adilzhanov Nurali Kazakhstan Atyrau 3 Certificate -
În ROMÂNIA Și BULGARIA DESCOPERĂ
UNIUNEA EUROPEANĂ FONDUL EUROPEAN PENTRU DEZVOLTARE REGIONALĂ ASOCIAȚIA CENTRUL DE CONSULTANȚĂ ȘI MANAGEMENT AL PROIECTELOR INVESTIM ÎN VIITORUL TĂU! GUVERNUL ROMÂNIEI EUROPROJECT Ghid Turistic Audio pentru zona transfrontalieră România-Bulgaria Valoarea contribuției: 586.295,69 EUR Cod proiect: PROETC 15.2.1.076 DESCOPERĂ de atracții 1500 turistice în ROMÂNIA și BULGARIA APELÂND GRATUIT Tel: 19000 +35 982 518860 Website: www.audiotravelguide.ro Acest proiect este este cofinanțat de Uniunea Europeană prin Fondul European pentru Dezvoltare Regională în cadrul Programului Interreg V-A România-Bulgaria. 1500 de atracții turistice din zona transfrontalieră România-Bulgaria CAMERA DE COMERȚ CAMERA DE COMERȚ ȘI INDUSTRIE VRATSA ȘI INDUSTRIE RUSE Conţinutul acestui material nu reprezintă în mod necesar poziţia oficială a Uniunii Europene. www.interregrobg.eu CUPRINS CONTENTS Obiective Cultură . pag 3 Cultural Tourism Attractions. pag 3 Obiective Religioase . pag 41 Religious Tourism Attractions . pag 41 Obiective Distracție . pag 62 Entertaiment Tourism Attractions . pag 62 Obiective Sportive . pag 77 Sports Tourism Attractions . pag 77 Obiective Sanatate. pag 83 Health Tourism Attractions . pag 83 Hartile Județelor/Districtelor . pag 86 Maps of the Region . pag 86 Obiective Culturale Cultural Tourism Attractions Tel: 19000 +35 982 518860 Tel: 19000 +35 982 518860 www.audiotravelguide.ro 3 Cula Cuțui - Cetatea Medievală a Severinului - Broșteni, Mehedinţi Drobeta Turnu Severin, Mehedinţi Stronghold Cutui - Medieval Fortress of Severin - Broșteni, -
Lachezar Georgiev MANAGEMENT and STRATEGY in BOOK PUBLISHING and PRINTED COMMUNICATIONS
Lachezar Georgiev MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY IN BOOK PUBLISHING AND PRINTED COMMUNICATIONS © Lachezar Georgiev Georgiev, 2014 © Faber Publishers, 2014 ISBN 978-619-00-0080-8 Lachezar Georgiev Georgiev MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGY IN BOOK PUBLISHING AND PRINTED COMMUNICATIONS FABER • 2014 FOREWORD The present research elaborates on the current strategic ap- proaches in book publishing and their projections in the world of printed communications. The book shows how a well planned, thoroughly prepared and economically feasible strategy can be a crucial factor contributing to the financial prosperity of a pub- lishing house. It also provides an analysis of price formation in the publishing industry, and lays bare the process of calculation and synchronization of all the different expenses, tax rates, discounts and bonuses. The book also provides an account of the distribution processes in book publishing, and studies the approaches in manag- ing intellectual property in the context of the book publishing busi- ness, thus outlining the modern trends in publishing management. There is a reference to some leading global events in the sphere of printed communications, as well as some strategies and attitudes. The strategic approaches in promoting the book and advertising in the printed media are also dealt with. A special emphasis is laid on the polygraphic aspects of printed communications both in terms of chronology of printing methods and the choice of the most ap- propriate strategic technology for the needs of the publishing busi- nesses. This research is based on the following research methods – reference and bibliography citing, comparative method, analytical method, method of personal empirical observation, etc. The current research is, in its main part, a translation of Prof.