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A Contrastive Study of Identity Perception in Voice

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A Contrastive Study of Identity Perception in Voice Voice and Identity: A contrastive study of identity perception in voice Begoña Payá Herrero VoicVoicee and Identity: A contrastive study of identity perception in voice Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Philosophie an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Im Cotutelle Verfahren mit der Universität Universidad de Valencia Vorgelegt von Begoña PAYÁ HERRERO 2009 Betreuer an der Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulze Betreuer an der Universidad de Valencia: Prof. Dr. Barry Pennock-Speck Gutachter der Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Schulze Gutachter der Universidad de Valencia: Prof. Dr. Barry Pennock-Speck Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 11.09.2009 (in Valencia) Acknowledgements Every PhD student writing his/her doctoral thesis is confronted with an extremely challenging task, which requires a considerable amount of self-discipline. Throughout the years this may last, there are inevitably moments of uncertainty, of confusion, of emptiness, or even moments where we lose track of where we are going and are drowned by the avalanche of knowledge. So was my case. But what seemed like a mountain too high to climb at the beginning became a task that could be managed step by step thanks to the support of many people. First of all, from the LIPP Programme in Munich, I woud like to thank its coordinator, Caroline Trautmann, and all the LIPP professors for what they have taught me along these three years, especially, Prof. Janney and my tutor, Prof. Wolfgang Schulze, for always believing in me and not hesitating to make suggestions when I was a bit lost. I am equally grateful to my tutor in the Universitat de València, Dr. Barry Pennock, who inspired me to research on the topic of Voice and Identity and contributed with many tips for bibliographic references. I am also grateful for the help received by the Statistics Department of the LMU when trying to analyze the results of my measurements. On a more personal level, I would first like to thank my PhD friends in Munich, especially Trinidad Marin, Julia Martinez, Nydia Contreras and Sebastian Postlep for their moral and sometimes technical support. Secondly, I am very grateful to my family, especially my brother, mother and father for always believing this project would be successful and their endless love and support. Thirdly, I would like to say thanks to my extremely patient and beloved boyfriend for his constant encouragement, merci! Last but not least, any project like this is only materially possible with financial support. For this too, I am extremely grateful, during the first two years of my PhD to the Mutua Madrileña for giving me a grant, and to Ibercaja for providing economic support to finish the PhD one more year. Thank you all! Contents 1.1.1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................... ....................................1111 2.2.2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUBACKGROUNDNDNDND................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................5......... 555 2.1. Identity ................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ .............................................................................. ...6666 2.1.1. Definitions..........................................................................................................................6 2.1.2. The construction of Identity .........................................................................................12 2.2. Voice ................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ................................................................................ .........19191919 2.3. The interaction of voice and identity ................................................................................... ................................ ........................................................................................... ............................29292929 2.3.1. Physical markers .............................................................................................................33 2.3.2. Social markers .................................................................................................................34 2.3.3. Psychological markers....................................................................................................41 2.4. The embodied voicevoice................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ........................................................................................ ......................54545454 2.4.1. Is voice embodied?..........................................................................................................54 2.4.2. Voice perception .............................................................................................................56 2.4.3. Categorizing voices.........................................................................................................64 2.4.4. The semiotics of voice ....................................................................................................70 2.5. Voice stereotypstereotypyyyy................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................. ................................76767676 3.3.3. HYPOTHESIS AND OBJECOBJECTIVESTIVES ................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ..............................................80.... 808080 4.4.4. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ............................................................................................. ................................83838383 4.1. ChoiChoicece of corpus and methodsmethods................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ....................................................84....... 848484 4.2. Experiment 1 ................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ............................................86... 868686 4.2.1. The questionnaire ...........................................................................................................86 4.2.2. Voice label classification................................................................................................89 4.2.3. Praat ..................................................................................................................................90 4.2.4. Corpus tools .....................................................................................................................91 4.2.5. Personality tests..............................................................................................................92 4.3. Experiment 2: the perception testtest................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ........................................95. 959595 5.5.5. RESULTS ................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ ........................................................99......... 999999 5.1. Phonetic analysis ................................................................................... ................................ ................................................................................................ .......................................................................................... ..........................100100100100 5.2. Statistical analysisanalysis..................................................................................................................
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