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Fluctuations in the Catchability Coefficient of Atlantic Menhaden, 1968-1982

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Fluctuations in the Catchability Coefficient of Atlantic Menhaden, 1968-1982 W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1986 Fluctuations in the Catchability Coefficient oftlantic A Menhaden, 1968-1982 Steven M. Atran College of William and Mary - Virginia Institute of Marine Science Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Fresh Water Studies Commons, and the Oceanography Commons Recommended Citation Atran, Steven M., "Fluctuations in the Catchability Coefficient oftlantic A Menhaden, 1968-1982" (1986). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539617568. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.25773/v5-c2z0-bb40 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. L . \0< FLUCTUATIONS IN THE CATCHABILITY COEFFICIENT OF ATLANTIC MENHADEN, 1968-1982 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Steven M. Atran 1986 ProQuest Number: 10626618 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10626618 Published by ProQuest LLC (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts _______ Steven Michael Atran Approved, August 1986 Herbert M. Austin TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.................................... v LIST OF TABLES ...................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES.................................... viii ABSTRACT ............................................. ix INTRODUCTION ...................................... 2 Atlantic Menhaden Historical Perspective ................. 2 Life History Adults................................ 4 Juveniles ......................... 6 Statement of Problem............................ 7 Objectives.......................................9 Hypothesis......................................10 MATERIALS AND METHODS............................... 12 Data............................................ 12 Calculation of Weekly Abundances.............. 12 Defining Effort .............................. 14 Calculation of Weekly Catchability Coefficients................................. 15 Initial Analysis of Weekly Catchability . 16 Calculation of Catchability-Abundance Relationship................................. 17 Analysis of Catchability Residuals, After Adjusting for Abundance ................... 18 RESULTS.............................................. 19 Within Season Fluctuations.....................19 Tests of Hypothesis........................... 20 DISCUSSION..........................................22 Within Season Variation The First Peak - an Availability Anomaly.23 The Middle Section - an Inverse Abundance Relationship ............... 24 The End Peak - Another Availability Anomaly................................. 24 Age 0 - a Directed Effort Effect .... 25 SUMMARY.............................................. 26 iii APPENDICES..........................................28 A. What is Catchability?.....................28 B. Extending Tomlinson’s generalized Murphy catch equation to include consecutive zero's..................................... 36 LITERATURE CITED .................................. 41 VITA ................................................ 84 iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to my committee chairman Dr. Joseph G. Loesch for his patience and support, and for providing me with financial assistance through an assistantship. Thanks are also due to the rest of my thesis committee for their support, patience and suggestions. I would like to thank Douglas S. Vaughan of the Stock Dynamics Branch, Southeast Fisheries Center, Beaufort Laboratory, for making the Atlantic menhaden catch and effort data available, and for his many helpful comments and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Bob Lukens of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science for showing me how to use the DIALOUT system to communicate with the National Marine Fisheries Service computer in Seattle. Several of my coworkers at the Sandy Hook Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Center, provided helpful suggestions and support. I especially thank Stu Wilk for his support and interest in this thesis, and Anthony Pacheco and Kevin Friedland for sharing with me their knowledge of Atlantic menhaden biology and fisheries. I am grateful to Michele Cox for her assistance with graphics, and to Wally Morse for guiding me through SAS/GRAPH. v LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Conversion dates for Primary Time Units........... 46 2. Abundance estimates for age.0 ..................... 47 3. Abundance estimates for age.1..................... 48 4. Abundance estimates for age.2 ..................... 49 5. Abundance estimates for age.3 ..................... 50 6. Abundance estimates for age.4 ..................... 51 7. Abundance estimates for age.5 ..................... 52 8. Abundance estimates for age.6..................... 53 9. Abundance estimates for age.7 ..................... 54 10. Abundance estimates for age 8 ..................... 55 11. Weekly catchability estimates for age 0 ........... 56 12. Weekly catchability estimates for age 1......... 57 13. Weekly catchability estimates for age 2 ........... 58 14. Weekly catchability estimates for age 3 ........... 59 15. Weekly catchability estimates for age 4 ........... 60 16. Weekly catchability estimates for age 5 ........... 61 17. Weekly catchability estimates for age 6. 62 18. Weekly catchability estimates for age 7 ........... 63 19. Weekly catchability estimates for age 8 ........... 64 20. Coefficients used in the Catchability- Abundance relationship........................ 65 21. Weekly catchability estimates for age 0 adjusted for abundance........................ 66 vi Weekly catchability estimates for age 1 adjusted for abundance..................... 67 Weekly catchability estimates for age 2 adjusted for abundance..................... 68 Weekly catchability estimates for age 3 adjusted for abundance..................... 69 Weekly catchability estimates for age 4 adjusted for abundance..................... 70 Weekly catchability estimates for age 5 adjusted for abundance..................... 71 Weekly catchability estimates for age 6 adjusted for abundance..................... 72 Weekly catchability estimates for age 7 adjusted for abundance..................... 73 Weekly catchability estimates for age 8 adjusted for abundance..................... 74 Results of Friedman's test for randomized blocks on weekly catchability coefficients .... 75 Results of Friedman's test for randomized blocks on catchability coefficient residuals . 76 Correlation coefficients between ln(q) and ln(N). 77 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Average weekly catchability coefficient - ages 0 and.1............................. 78 2. Average weekly catchability coefficient - ages 2 and.3 ............................. 79 3. Average weekly catchability coefficient - ages 4 and.5 ............................. 80 4. Average weekly catchability coefficient - ages 6 and.7 ............................. 81 5. Results of multiple comparisons for age groups whose catchability coefficients show signifigant differences between years . 82 6. Results of multiple comparisons for age groups whose catchability residuals show signifigant differences between years . 83 viii FLUCTUATIONS IN THE CATCHABILITY COEFFICIENT OF ATLANTIC MENHADEN, 1968-1982 ABSTRACT Weekly estimates of Atlantic menhaden abundance were derived from catch at age data for the years 1968-1982. Initial estimates of weekly catchability coefficients were calculated from the estimates of abundance and catch and effort data. Plots of the average weekly catchability coefficients for age groups 0 to 5 revealed patterns of fluctuations within a season. Between year fluctuations in catchability coefficients were found to be significantly different after accounting for the within season variation. Age groups were tested separately to eliminate age dependent variation as a possible cause of fluctuation. The relationship between catchability and abundance was calculated: predicted values of the catchability coefficient based on abundance were subtracted from the original estimates. Significant differences were also found between years for these residual catchability coefficients, thus factors in addition to abundance must contribute to between year variation in the catchability coefficients. Potential factors affecting catchability coefficients. Potential factors affecting catchability coefficients are cyclic changes, long term trends, density-dependent changes, density-independent changes, and changes due to changes in fishing effort. FLUCTUATIONS IN THE CATCHABILITY COEFFICIENT OF ATLANTIC MENHADEN,
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