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Optimization of Thin Asphalt Layers – State-Of-The-Art Review

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Optimization of Thin Asphalt Layers – State-Of-The-Art Review Optimization of Thin Asphalt Layers – State-of-the-Art Review By Ulf Sandberg* (ed.), Jørgen Kragh**, Luc Goubert***, Hans Bendtsen**, Anneleen Bergiers***, Krishna P. Biligiri*, Robert Karlsson*, Erik Nielsen**, Erik Olesen**, Stefan Vansteenkiste*** *Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute (VTI) ** Danish Road Institute (DRI) *** Belgian Road Research Centre (BRRC) Photo by Hans Bendtsen Deliverable No. 1 – Final version – 30 April 2011 ERA-NET ROAD Project "Optimization of thin asphalt layers" II PREFACE ERA-NET ROAD is a consortium comprising national European road administrations. Its purpose is to strengthen European road research by coordinating national and regional research programmes and policies. In 2009 ERA-NET ROAD issued a call for tenders on a transnational research project titled “Optimization of thin asphalt layers”. The project is coordinated by a Project Executive Board with representatives of six European road administrations: Mats Wendel (chair), Swedish Transport Administration, Sweden Thomas Asp (secretary), Swedish Transport Administration, Sweden Tony K. Andersen, Ministry of Transport, Danish Road Directorate, Denmark Jostein Aksnes, Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Norway David Lee, Department for Transport, Highways Agency, United Kingdom Christian Pecharda, FSV; Austrian Association for Research on Road - Rail – Transport, Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology, Austria Christiane Raab, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Swiss Federal Roads Authority, Switzerland The Project Consortium consisting of the Danish Road Institute, the Belgian Road Research Centre and the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute won the tender and the project was initiated 1 July 2009. The researchers carrying out the project are the authors of the present report with support from colleagues with special expertise. The project acronym has been "OPTHINAL", derived from the project title “Optimization of thin asphalt layers”. The present report documents the results of a State-of-the-Art Review which is the first project deliverable. This is the second edition of the report, the first edition was delivered in May 2010. The Final Report of this project was delivered 2010-12-17, and updated (edited) 2011-03-15. Authors: Jørgen Kragh (ed.), Erik Nielsen, Erik Olesen (DRI), Luc Goubert, Stefan Vansteenkiste, Joëlle De Visscher (BRRC) and Ulf Sandberg, Robert Karlsson (VTI). Title: Optimization of Thin Asphalt Layers - Final Report It will be published by ERA-NET Road. III IV CONTENTS ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................................IX ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................................. X EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................................................... XIII 1. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 1 2. PURPOSE AND LIMITATIONS.................................................................................. 2 2.1 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Limitations ................................................................................................................. 2 3. BASICS AND HISTORY OF THIN ASPHALT LAYERS.......................................... 3 3.1 What characterizes a thin asphalt layer? .................................................................... 3 3.2 Terminology and standards ........................................................................................ 7 3.2.1 General ................................................................................................................. 7 3.2.2 TAL in this project ............................................................................................... 7 3.2.3 Terminology and standardization in CEN............................................................ 8 3.2.4 Terminology in PIARC ...................................................................................... 10 3.3 Historical review ...................................................................................................... 10 4. METHODS AND SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION.......................................... 12 4.1 Overview .................................................................................................................. 12 4.2 Questionnaire and interviews................................................................................... 12 4.3 Literature searches and databases ............................................................................ 12 4.3.1 Transportation research database ....................................................................... 12 4.3.2 Personal networking and contacts with colleagues............................................ 13 4.3.3 Essential conferences ......................................................................................... 13 4.3.4 Work with TAL within the consortium.............................................................. 14 5. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTORY.......................................................................... 15 5.1 Overview of responses ............................................................................................. 15 5.2 TAL usage according to the inventory..................................................................... 16 6. THE USE OF THIN ASPHALT LAYERS ................................................................. 20 6.1 Time trends............................................................................................................... 20 6.2 The drivers for the use of thin asphalt layers ........................................................... 21 6.3 Where thin asphalt layers may not be the optimum choice...................................... 24 6.3.1 Words of caution related to wear resistance and bearing capacity..................... 24 6.3.2 Words of caution related to grooved rumble strips ............................................ 24 6.4 Types of roads and traffic where thin asphalt layers are useful and popular........... 25 6.5 Families and categories of thin asphalt layers.......................................................... 26 6.5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 26 6.5.2 Product families according to the CEN 13108 series of standards .................... 27 6.5.3 Proprietary pavements........................................................................................ 28 6.5.4 Asphalt rubber thin layers .................................................................................. 28 6.5.5 Remixing and other recycling into thin layers ................................................... 31 6.6 Effect of climate on the preference for thin asphalt layers....................................... 32 6.6.1 Dry versus wet climate....................................................................................... 32 6.6.2 Hot versus cold climate...................................................................................... 33 6.6.3 Thin asphalt layer performance in cold region – Example from Japan ............. 35 6.6.4 Interaction with studded tyres ............................................................................ 36 6.7 Countries or regions with policy-driven use of TAL ............................................... 38 6.8 Use in ERA-NET ROAD countries compared to other countries............................ 40 V 7. PERFORMANCE: SPECIAL KEY PROPERTIES .................................................... 42 7.1 Macrotexture ............................................................................................................ 42 7.2 Skid resistance.......................................................................................................... 42 7.2.1 International survey............................................................................................ 42 7.2.2 French experience .............................................................................................. 42 7.2.3 Danish measurements......................................................................................... 43 7.2.4 Experience in the United Kingdom.................................................................... 44 7.2.5 Experience in the Netherlands............................................................................ 45 7.3 Influence on road traffic noise ................................................................................. 45 7.3.2 Noise optimization of thin layers ....................................................................... 46 7.3.3 The Kastrupvej example..................................................................................... 47 7.3.4 French experience .............................................................................................. 49 7.4 Influence on rolling resistance ................................................................................. 50 7.5 Thickness and weight advantages ............................................................................ 52 7.6 Economy..................................................................................................................
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