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Ship Recycling Practice and Annual Reusable Material Output from Bangladesh Ship Recycling Industry

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Ship Recycling Practice and Annual Reusable Material Output from Bangladesh Ship Recycling Industry enewa f R bl o e ls E a n t e n r e g Journal of y m a a n d Hossain, J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 2017, 7:5 d n u A F p f p Fundamentals of Renewable Energy DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541.1000238 o l i l ISSN: 2090-4541c a a n t r i o u n o s J and Applications Research Article Open Access Ship Recycling Practice and Annual Reusable Material Output from Bangladesh Ship Recycling Industry Khandakar Akhter Hossain* Bangladesh Naval Academy, Marine Academy, MIST, Bangladesh Abstract Ships are valuable and their materials are useable and have always been recycled. Ship recycling is an engineering process of dismantling obsolete ship to collect useable materials. There are few dozen operational ship-recycling yards located along coastal belt at Chittagong of Bangladesh. The beaching method is the most common ship demolition today, make it difficult to ensure proper safety and to contain and manage pollutants. Most of the local ship recycling yards neither have good containment to prevent pollution of soil, air, marine and freshwater resources, nor follow the appropriate technology to ensure the environmentally safe management and disposal of hazardous wastes and materials. The objectives of this research paper are to identify and analyze the present ship recycling practices in Bangladesh and evaluate the status in respect of national and international rules and regulation. Average 2000000 Metric Ton of different types of obsolete ships are recycled annually in different yards in Bangladesh. There is average 1,833,461 MT reusable materials that has been produced annually in ship recycling industry of Bangladesh. Keywords: Ship recycling; Beaching; Hazardous waste; Slipway; Pier to workforce along with socio-economic problem of the country. There breaking; Dry-dock is usually less equipment for machine, fire, and chemical safety. With a few exceptions, the vast majority of workers do not receive proper Introduction information on the hazards or risks to health and safety, nor do they receive require training [5]. Most of the local ship recycling yards Ships have always been recycled. The fabric of a ship, whether of neither have good containment to prevent pollution of soil, air, marine wood a century ago, or steel today has always had considerable value. and freshwater resources, nor follow the appropriate technology to Ship recycling is an engineering process of dismantling obsolete ship ensure the environmentally safe management and disposal of hazardous to collect useable materials. One interesting point is that, the shipping wastes and materials. industry is well ahead of other industries, such as the automotive and aviation sectors, in reusing some 85-98% of a ship by weight [1]. On It is no doubt that ship breaking is necessary for South Asia, the other hand, even if ship recycling has been efficient in providing a particularly for Bangladesh. We should ensure that our ship recycling ready supply of steel and other metals for re-use, there has been a cost yards are maintaining at least minimum standard in respect of health, in terms of lives lost and local environmental impact. The demolition safety and environmental issues [6]. It does not necessarily to imply of ships is widely associated with dangerous practices and pollution. that we have to follow dry docking instead of beaching, rather keeping Cutting apart big steel structures is a complex and hazardous business. the beaching method intact, we can improve the situation by providing And even though a high proportion by weight of the ship’s structure some common facilities and training, which we are lacking now. The is reusable, there are significant amounts of plastics, chemical product objectives of this research paper are to identify and analyze the present and other materials that should be handled carefully and appropriately. ship recycling practices in Bangladesh and evaluate the status in respect However, there are few dozen operational ship-recycling yards located of national and international rules and regulation. At the same time, along coastal belt at Chittagong of Bangladesh comprehensively. This to determined reusable material of different types of recycled ships in industry provide main source of steel, create huge employment and MT/LDT for Bangladesh ship recycling industry by analyzing the on generates large amounts of revenues for the government of Bangladesh. ground data [7]. It is also contributing to the local ship building industry [2]. Methodology Local ship recycling yards are following beaching method for recycling the ship. The beaching method is the most common ship It is a pure research work to evaluate ship recycling practice and demolition today, make it difficult to ensure safety and to contain to calculate the reusable material output of different types of recycled and manage pollutants. In this method, ship is beached over the flat ships in MT/ LDT in Bangladesh ship recycling industry by analyzing muddy land where it is dismantled to small parts using semi-skilled and unskilled labor. Then the dismantled parts are pulled to the dry shore area using electric winch and labor force [3]. Gas cutting is widely *Corresponding author: Khandakar Akhter Hossain, Bangladesh Naval used to make relatively small pieces from the steel structure. Usually, Academy, Marine Academy, MIST, Bangladesh, Tel: +880 312501207; E-mail: [email protected] minimum knowledge of safety is needed in this process and that leads to some accidents like explosion, causing death, fatal injuries and Received August 26, 2017; Accepted September 07, 2017; Published September permanent disabilities. Apart from economic benefit from this industry, 15, 2017 the social and environmental costs demand huge attention for further Citation: Hossain KA (2017) Ship Recycling Practice and Annual Reusable development. The improper storage and disposal of hazardous material Material Output from Bangladesh Ship Recycling Industry. J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 7: 238. doi:10.4172/20904541.1000238 (HazMat) result in air, soil and water contamination [4]. In many ship breaking yards in south Asia and particularly in Bangladesh, workers Copyright: © 2017 Hossain KA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted are not using proper personal protective equipment (PPE), such as skin, use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and eye or lung protection. It’s mainly managerial and motivational failure source are credited. J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl, an open access journal ISSN: 2090-4541 Volume 7 • Issue 5 • 1000238 Citation: Hossain KA (2017) Ship Recycling Practice and Annual Reusable Material Output from Bangladesh Ship Recycling Industry. J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 7: 238. doi:10.4172/20904541.1000238 Page 2 of 6 on ground data; which has collected by author physically since last eight its destination. However, there was a growing realization that working years (2009 to 2016). Data of the ship recycling activity were collected conditions at ship recycling locations were extremely hazardous, and from actual ship recycling industry located in Bhatiary, Chittagong and not only in the Indian subcontinent [18]. Will Englund from American provided by the different stake holders and Bangladesh Ship Breakers newspaper, The Baltimore Sun, first became aware of the issues Association (BSBA) [8]. Results have based on original on ground surrounding ship recycling in 1995 when the aircraft carrier USS Coral data and take considerable help/guideline from the methodology Sea was being scrapped in Brownsville. Problems with the breaking of followed in available literature. Primary and secondary data about this ship had resulted in the company responsible being prosecuted output of material/component of different types of selected recycled for the first environmental violations within the USA ship breaking ships has collected from the industry by physical involvement by the industry [19]. The owner, Kerry L Ellis, was convicted under the Clean author. However, nuclear waste and other releases, such as emissions of Air and Clean Water Acts and died in prison in 2000. Englund dug atmospheric pollutants and diffuse emissions of pollutants to the water, deeper. He teamed up with the investigative reporter Gary Cohn and were not included in the scope of this research work. In case of missing between them they ran a series of articles exposing the worst excesses or unreliable data, benchmarks available in literature were used for of ship breaking around the world. In April 1998, they won a Pulitzer calculations of average annual reusable material output [9,10]. Prize and today the news articles still make fascinating and engaging reading [20]. Brief History of Global Ship Re-cycling Practice Present Ship Recycling Practice in Bangladesh Ships are valuable and their materials are useable and have always been recycled. Ships are the greatest resources ever moved in bulk, Ship recycling in Chittagong started accidentally through the assets which represent such investment that entire new systems of dismantling of Greek ship M D Alpine that was brought to shore banking and government have been designed to finance them. Ships near Fauzdarhat by the 1960’s cyclone. It was dismantled in 1965 by do not simply disappear once they are no longer seaworthy. The wood Chittagong Steel House. Subsequently, the Pakistani ship Al Abbas was in the earliest hollow canoe would have provided walls and shelters, salvaged, beached at Fauzdarhat and dismantled in 1974 by Karnafully the fittings on a Viking long ship would have benefited the local village Metal Works. These incidents draw the attention of a few entrepreneurs where she was laid to rest, and the copper on a ship’s bottom and the on the suitability of the coast line near Fauzdarhat for beaching [21]. long, high-quality timber of her mast and strakes would have been Over the years, the ship recycling industry in Chittagong has gone invaluable in future construction projects.
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