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Final Draft TECHNICAL EIA GUIDANCE MANUAL FOR SHIP BREAKING YARDS Prepared for Ministry of Environment and Forests Government of India by IL&FS Ecosmart Limited Hyderabad September 2009 PROJECT TEAM Project Coordination Dr. (Mrs.) Nalini Bhat Ministry of Environment & Forests Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. (Mrs.) T. Chandni Director, Ministry of Environment and Forests Core Project Coordination Team Mr. Mahesh Babu IL&FS Environment CEO Mr. N. Sateesh Babu Vice President & Project Director Ms. Chaitanya Vangeti GIS Engineer Ms. Suman Benedicta Thomas Technical Writer Resource Person Mr. R. K. Gupta Vice President, IL&FS Environment Expert Core & Peer Committee Chairman Dr. V. Rajagopalan, IAS Principal Secretary, Government of Uttar Pradesh Core Members Dr. R. K. Garg Former Chairman, EIA Committee, Ministry of Environment and Forests Mr. Paritosh C. Tyagi Former Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board Prof. S.P. Gautam Chairman, Central Pollution Control Board Dr. Tapan Chakraborti Director, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Mr. K. P. Nyati Former Head, Environmental Policy, Confederation of Indian Industry Dr. G.K. Pandey Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. (Mrs.) Nalini Bhat Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. G.V. Subramaniam Advisor, Ministry of Environment and Forests Dr. B. Sengupta Former Member Secretary, Central Pollution Control Board Dr. R. C. Trivedi Former Scientist, Central Pollution Control Board Peer Member Mr. K. D. Choudhury Former GM (Environment), MECON Member Convener Mr. N. Sateesh Babu Project Director Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION TO THE TECHNICAL EIA GUIDANCE MANUALS PROJECT 1-1 1.1 Purpose 1-2 1.2 Project Implementation 1-3 1.3 Additional Information 1-3 2. CONCEPTUAL FACETS OF EIA 2-1 2.1 Environment in EIA Context 2-1 2.2 Pollution Control Strategies 2-1 2.3 Tools for Preventive Environmental Management 2-2 2.3.1 Tools for assessment and analysis 2-2 2.3.2 Tools for action 2-4 2.3.3 Tools for communication 2-9 2.4 Objectives of EIA 2-10 2.5 Types of EIA 2-10 2.6 Basic EIA Principles 2-11 2.7 Project Cycle 2-12 2.8 Environmental Impacts 2-13 2.8.1 Direct impacts 2-14 2.8.2 Indirect impacts 2-14 2.8.3 Cumulative impacts 2-14 2.8.4 Induced impact 2-14 2.9 Significance of impacts 2-15 2.9.1 Criteria/methodology to determine the significance of identified impacts 2-16 3. SHIP BREAKING YARD 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.1.1 Ship breaking in India 3-4 3.1.2 Process of ship procurement for scrapping in India 3-4 3.1.3 Ship breaking methods 3-6 3.2 Material recovery and waste generation factors 3-7 3.2.1 Hazardous Material in Ships 3-9 3.2.2 Specific wastes of concern from ship breaking process and their management 3-10 3.3 Infrastructure and Other Requirements for the Ship Breaking Yard 3-34 3.3.1 Size of the individual plot in the ship breaking yard 3-36 3.3.2 Risk assessment 3-38 3.3.3 Water supply 3-38 3.3.4 Sewage 3-38 3.3.5 Stormwater drainage system 3-38 3.3.6 Bilge and ballast water collection and treatment 3-38 3.3.7 Municipal solid waste collection and treatment 3-39 3.3.8 Hazardous waste disposal facility 3-40 3.3.9 Oily waste/residues collection, treatment and disposal 3-40 Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Ship Breaking Yard i September 2009 Table of Contents 3.3.10 Truck parking facility 3-40 3.3.11 Community development infrastructure 3-40 3.3.12 Hospital management and medical infrastructure 3-41 3.3.13 Greenbelt development and water harvesting 3-41 3.3.14 Safety health and environmental management cell operations 3-41 3.3.15 Commercial centers 3-42 3.3.16 Vehicles 3-42 3.3.17 Roads 3-42 3.3.18 Fire fighting infrastructure 3-42 3.3.19 Training infrastructure development and organizing capacity building and certification courses 3-43 3.4 Summary of Applicable National Regulations 3-43 3.4.1 Specific requirements 3-44 3.4.2 Pending & proposed regulatory requirements 3-46 4. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS OF EIA 4-1 4.1 Coverage of Ship Breaking Yards under the Purview of Notification 4-1 4.1.1 Application for prior environmental clearance 4-3 4.2 Scoping for EIA Studies 4-3 4.2.1 Pre-feasibility report 4-4 4.2.2 Guidance for Filling Information in Form 1 4-6 4.2.3 Identification of appropriate valued environmental components 4-6 4.2.4 Methods for identification of impacts 4-6 4.2.5 Testing the significance of impacts 4-12 4.2.6 Terms of reference for EIA studies 4-12 4.3 Environmental Impact Assessment 4-16 4.3.1 EIA team 4-16 4.3.2 Baseline quality of the environment 4-17 4.3.3 Impact prediction tools 4-20 4.3.4 Significance of the impacts 4-20 4.4 Social Impact Assessment 4-21 4.5 Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan 4-23 4.5.1 Risk assessment 4-23 4.5.2 Disaster management plan 4-29 4.6 Mitigation Measures 4-33 4.6.1 Important considerations for mitigation methods 4-33 4.6.2 Hierarchy of elements of mitigation plan 4-34 4.6.3 Typical mitigation measures 4-35 4.7 Environmental Management Plan 4-37 4.8 Reporting 4-38 4.9 Public Consultation 4-40 4.10 Appraisal 4-43 4.11 Decision-making 4-44 4.12 Post Clearance Monitoring Protocol 4-45 5. STAKEHOLDERS’ ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 5-1 5.1 EAC 5-3 Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Ship Breaking Yard ii September 2009 Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1: Inclusive Components of Sustainable Development 2-1 Figure 2-2: Types of Impacts 2-13 Figure 2-3: Cumulative Impact 2-14 Figure 3-1: Ship Procurement Process for Scrapping in India 3-5 Figure 3-2: Ship Scrapping Decision Process 3-5 Figure 3-3: Conceptual Model Ship Breaking Unit in a Yard 3-37 Figure 3-4: Bilge and Ballast Water Treatment Scheme 3-39 Figure 4-1: Prior Environmental Clearance Process for Activities Falling Under Category A 4-2 Figure 4-2: Approach for EIA Studies 4-16 Figure 4-3: Risk Assessment: Conceptual Framework 4-24 Figure 4-4: Comprehensive Risk Assessment at a Glance 4-26 Figure 4-5: Hierarchy of Elements of Mitigation Plan 4-34 LIST OF TABLES Table 3-1: Broad Comparison of Three Ship Breaking Methods 3-6 Table 3-2: Prevailing Scrap Recovery /Waste Generation Factors from Ship breaking 3-7 Table 3-3: Ship category-specific Indicative yield of materials (in % of LSW) 3-8 Table 3-4: Break-up of wastes from Ship breaking Activities at Alang Yard 3-9 Table 3-5: Zone-wise Recurrence of Predominant Hazards 3-37 Table 3-6: Treated Effluent Standards as per CPCB 3-45 Table 4-1: Advantages and Disadvantages of Impact Identification Methods 4-7 Table 4-2: Matrix of Impacts 4-9 Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Ship Breaking Yard iii September 2009 Table of Contents Table 4-3: List of Important Physical Environment Components 4-18 Table 4-4: Choice of Methods for Impact Prediction: Risk Assessment 4-24 Table 4-5: Mitigation Measures for Operation and Maintenance Phase 4-35 Table 4-6: Rules to be followed for Handling Waste 4-37 Table 4-7: Generic Structure of EIA Document 4-39 Table 5-1: Roles and Responsibilities of Stakeholders Involved in Prior Environmental Clearance 5-1 Table 5-2: Organization-specific Functions 5-2 Table 5-3: EAC: Eligibility Criteria for Chairperson/ Members / Secretary 5-5 LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure 1 Elements of Ship Breaking Process Annexure 2 List of Hazardous Materials and Substances that are Applicable to Ship Breaking Annexure 3 Main Items of Ships and Substances of Concern with Disposal Options Annexure 4 Mitigation Measures for Operating Phase of Ship Breaking Activities Annexure 5 Densities of Different Types of Waste Annexure 6 Codification of National & International laws/Guidelines relating to Ship Breaking Activities (SCMC) Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Ship Breaking Yard iv September 2009 Table of Contents A Compilation of Legal Instruments (CPCB) Ship Breaking Activities and Enforcing Agencies (SCMC) Annexure 7 Form 1 (Application Form for Obtaining EIA Clearance) Annexure 8 Pre-feasibility Report Annexure 9 Types of Monitoring and Network Design Considerations Annexure 10 Guidance for Assessment of Baseline Components and Attributes Annexure 11 Sources of Secondary Data Annexure 12 Impact Prediction Tools Annexure 13 Environmental, Health and Safety Measures Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Ship Breaking Yard v September 2009 Table of Contents ACRONYMS AAQ Ambient Air Quality ACM Asbestos-containing Material ACWM Asbestos Containing Waste Material ADB Asian Development Bank APHA American Public Health Association BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BOQ Bill of Quantities BOT Build Operate Transfer CAGR Compound Average Growth Rate CCA Conventional Cost Accounting CETP Common Effluent Treatment Plant CER Corporate Environmental Reports CFE Consent for Establishment CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CP Cleaner Production CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CRZ Coastal Regulatory Zone CSR Corporate Social Responsibility dBA Decibels DGFASLI Directorate General, factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes DO Dissolved Oxygen DMP Disaster Management Plan dwt Dead Weight Tonnage EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EBM Environmental Baseline Monitoring EcE Economic-cum-Environmental ECI Environmental Condition Indicators EFI Electronic Fuel Injection EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPI Environmental Performance Indicators EMS Environmental Management System ETP Effluent Treatment Plant f/cc fiber per cubic centimetre FCA Full Cost assessment Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Ship Breaking Yard vi September 2009 Table of Contents FHWA Federal Highway Administration GEMS Global Environmental
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