“This year, we dedicate the dinner to the legacy of Liberation Movements in Africa, and the contribution of diplomacy to the attainment of our freedom as African people. We chose this theme, on the one hand, to recognise the centenary of the African National Congress (ANC) and, on the other, to join many countries on our continent who have been celebrating 50 years of their independence from colonial rule. Today, we pay tribute to the sons and daughters of this great continent who, when faced with two choices either to submit or fight, they chose to fight for the freedom, democracy and development we now enjoy. Today, we rededicate ourselves to the ideals of justice and a better life for all, in a better South Africa, Africa and the world.” Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane

A Chronological List of Indepe ndence Dates for Africa Country Independence Date Prior ruling country Liberia, Republic of 26 July 1847 - the South Africa, Republic of 31 May 1910 Britain INSIDE diplomat vol.2 Egypt, Arab Republic of 28 February 1922 Britain “Celebrating the Legacy of Liberation Movements in Africa-Freedom Ethiopia 1, People’s Democratic Republic of 5 May 1941 Italy In this issue through Diplomacy” Libya (Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya) 24 December 1951 Britain Sudan, Democratic Republic of 1 January 1956 Britain/Egypt Editorial team Style, Fair and all things Grand at this year’s Morocco 2, Kingdom of 2 March 1956 France 2 8 the diplomat is an internal newsletter Annual Minister’s Dinner of the Department of International Tunisia, Republic of 20 March 1956 France Relations and Cooperation published the Ghana, Republic of 6 March 1957 Britain diplomat by the Branch: Public Diplomacy Guinea, Republic of 2 October 1958 France NEWS FLASH Cameroon 3, Republic of 1 January 1960 France - South Africa-France Forum for Political Dialogue Editor-in-Chief: 10 Clayson Monyela Senegal, Republic of 4 April 1960 France

Togo, Republic of 27 April 1960 France - South Africa hosts SADC Meetings Editor: Mali, Republic of 22 September 1960 France Salome Baloi - SA-UK continue focus on doubling trade Madagascar, Democratic Republic of 26 June 1960 France Managing Editor: Congo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of the 30 June 1960 Belgium - Tough questions in wake of contests Mongezi Zithutha Somalia, Democratic Republic of 1 July 1960 Britain Benin, Republic of 1 August 1960 France 13 performance management and development system (pmds) Creative Director: Pumeza Albert Niger, Republic of 3 August 1960 France Burkina Faso, Popular Democratic Republic of 5 August 1960 France 14 From Bandung to Oujda: The Foundations of South Africa Sub-editor: Côte d’Ivoire, Republic of (Ivory Coast) 7 August 1960 France - Algeria Historical Relations Lebogang Maifadi Chad, Republic of 11 August 1960 France Contributers: Central African Republic 13 August 1960 France 19 SKA Presentation in Rome Eddy Maloka, Edward Lebeko, Congo (Brazzaville), Republic of the 15 August 1960 France Masotsha Mnguni, Terence Tshisevhe, Gabon, Republic of 17 August 1960 France South African High Commission - Rome, Percy Makholwa, Pela Selomo, Nigeria 4, Federal Republic of 1 October 1960 Britain Surprise Malehase, Lusanda Dube, , Islamic Republic of 28 November 1960 France Mauritania Carol Rath, South African High Sierra Leone, Republic of 27 April 1961 Britain In every issue Commission Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of 9 December 1961 Britain Lebogang Maifadi and Mongezi Zithutha Burundi, Republic of 1 July 1962 Belgium 17 IN MY TRAVELS : My DRC Experience Recounted Rwanda, Republic of 1 July 1962 Belgium Picture Editor: Algeria, Democratic and Popular Republic of 3 July 1962 France 20 Voices from Diplomats Jacoline Schoonees Uganda, Republic of 9 October 1962 Britain Photographers: Kenya, Republic of 12 December 1963 Britain 23 Living in..... Jacoline Schoonees, Malawi, Republic of 6 July 1964 Britain Unati Ngamntwini and Zambia, Republic of 24 October 1964 Britain Yolande Snyman 24 Mission Memoirs Gambia, Republic of The 18 February 1965 Britain The views expressed in this Botswana, Republic of 30 September 1966 Britain Globe at a Glimpse newsletter do not necessarily Lesotho, Kingdom of 4 October 1966 Britain 26 reflect those of dirco or the editors. Mauritius, State of 12 March 1968 Britain Contributions may be sent to Swaziland, Kingdom of 6 September 1968 Britain [email protected] Equatorial Guinea, Republic of 12 October 1968 Spain Guinea-Bissau, Republic of 10 September 1974 Portugal Editorial enquiries may be sent Mozambique, Republic of 25 June 1975 Portugal to Lebogang Maifadi - [email protected] and Cape Verde, Republic of 5 July 1975 Portugal Mongezi Zithutha - Comoros, Federal Islamic Republic of the 6 July 1975 France [email protected] São Tomé and Principe, Democratic Republic of 12 July 1975 Portugal Distribution enquiries may be Angola, People’s Republic of 11 November 1975 Portugal directed to Thembakazi Zulu on 5 Western Sahara 28 February 1976 Spain Tel: (012) 351-1169 and Seychelles, Republic of 29 June 1976 Britain Lincoln Mothibe on Djibouti, Republic of 27 June 1977 France Tel: (012) 351 1616 Zimbabwe, Republic of 18 April 1980 Britain Namibia, Republic of 21 March 1990 South Africa 4 vol 2 Eritrea2012 [email protected], State of 24 May 1993 Ethiopia [email protected] vol 2 2012 5 @ Ed’s letter Diplomatic mail [email protected] Dear Diplomats, n 9 February 2012, the President of the Republic of South to bedevil our Continent. The President also as a matter of principle Africa, HE Mr Jacob Zuma addressed a joint seating brought to the attention of the Council how the situation in Libya was DIRCO CAREER FAIR of Parliament to deliver the State of the Nation Address a glaring example of the consequences of poor or lack of coordination (SONA) under the theme: “Working together we can do between the two organisations. After the debate, South Africa sponsored “What is the recipe for successful achievement? To my Omore”. The speech set the National Agenda, tone and line of march for a Resolution that was unanimously adopted by all Fifteen Members of the year. the UNSC as Resolution 2033 of 2012. mind there are just four essential ingredients: Choose a Following the SONA, Minister of International Relations and UNSC Resolution 2033 presented by South Africa, focuses on the career you love, give it the best there is in you, seize your Cooperation, Ms Maite Nkoana-Mashabane hosted the Diplomatic Strategic Relationship between the AU and the UN in the maintenance of Corps at a glittering event in Vergelegen Wine Estate on 11February International Peace and Security within the context of Chapter VIII of the opportunities, and be a member of the team.” 2012. This annual event serves as a platform for the Minister to interact UN Charter. We were at last vindicated as a country that has a mandate with the Diplomatic Corps and other stakeholders and exchange notes from both SADC and the AU to promote the African Agenda during our Benjamin F. Fairless on the latest developments in the international relations arena. It is also tenure in the Security Council as a non-permanent member, the lack an opportunity to reflect on the President’s ‘State of the Nation Address. of coordination between the AU and UN led to the abuse of Resolution This year’s dinner was held under the theme:”Celebrating the Legacy of 1973. Resolution 2033 calls for coordination of strategies, policies and the Liberation Movements in Africa – Freedom through Diplomacy”. approaches between the AUPSC and UNSC. It further calls strategic “There are two kinds of people, those who do the work and This year started on a high note for DIRCO and South Africa. One of coherence in decision making by the two institutions when addressing those who take the credit. Try to be in the first group; there the highlights of the month of January was South Africa’s Presidency conflicts in Africa. This Resolution is groundbreaking and it is a tribute of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). We participate in the to the consistency, forthrightness and vision of our Foreign Policy that is less competition there.” Security Council conscious at all times of our rights and obligations both locates the African Agenda in all our endeavors. Through Resolution as a sovereign state and as a member of the international community. 2033 we have sought to send a clear message to the World that gone Indira Gandhi The occasion of South Africa’s presidency of the UN Security Council, are the days when the powers that be will do whatever they please in however brief, provides us with an opportunity to further advance our Africa without the involvement of Africans and their institutions. foreign policy objectives, which are an extension of our domestic policy, In regards to this issue, we have received a lot of informative pieces our value system, based on our commitment to: based on the theme; we have added a chronological list of independence Have you registered? If not please avail yourself for 19 March 2012 (10:00 am • The promotion of Human Rights; dates for Africa, which translates into the thinking behind the cover, where -12:30 pm) and (14:00 pm) if you have not yet registered your • A commitment to Democracy; we envisage an Africa without borders which is alive with opportunities 20 March 2012 • The pursuance of the African Agenda; and networks, which in turn creates unity in diversity. child/student for 20 March for the 2pm slot, then please RSVP ASAP to • Accord priority to SADC and Africa as a whole; The diplomat team would like to encourage Team DIRCO to continue [email protected]. • Work with countries of the developing South to address shared writing articles, the following theme will be “Celebrating our Human challenges of underdevelopment; Rights” . The Kindle competition closes by Wednesday 14 March. Complete the • Promote global equity and social justice; MyCareer@DIRCO template and email it to [email protected] or HAB113 • Work with countries of the developed North to develop a true and you could win a brand new Kindle. and effective partnership for a better world; and SM • Play our part to strengthen and transform the multilateral system, Salome Baloi - Editor to reflect the diversity of our nations, and ensure its centrality in Terms and Conditions apply. Department of International Relations Cooperation a global governance. division of the Government of South Africa an authorised International Relations Custodian and Coordination provider. South Africa, led by our President was able to bring to a sharp focus the need for, strategic coherence on strategies and policies and in particular greater coordination of efforts and approaches when dealing with conflicts on the African Continent. We also invited to the debate the Chair of the AUPSC, the Foreign Minister of Kenya, who on behalf of the AU organ emphasised the very important point that, South Africa through our President had raised the need for greater coordination if we are to succeed in our efforts to address the conflicts that continue

6 vol 2 2012 [email protected] the International Relations diplomat By: Lebogang Maifadi Pictures: Jacoline Schoonees Style, Flair and all things grand at this year’s Minister’s Annual Dinner "It can be affirmed that through the dinner an opportunity was created and received to cement these relations between the business and the diplomatic world." he Department of International Relations and Cooperation’s (DIRCO) Annual Dinner was held on 11 February 2012 under the theme “Celebrating the LegacyT of Liberation Movements in Africa- Freedom through Diplomacy”. Invited guests included Ministers, members of the Diplomatic Corps, and DIRCO stakeholders. AU will guarantee that the past struggles The occasion is held annually, consequent African Development Community (SADC) in the nomination process which will be held underwent in many regions of the African to the State of the Nation address by the will be supporting the re- nomination of the later this year. “This will be pivotal as the AU continent will not be repeated, thus the President of the Republic of South Africa. African Union (AU) candidature for Minister needs to be strengthened as an organisation celebration for liberation movements in The enchanting Vergelegen Wine Estate Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma for the position of which will be seen as a force to be reckoned the African continent will grow to be more in Cape Town was the venue hosting the AU Commissioner. He reiterated that, SADC with in the African continent and throughout meaningful even to generations to come." d event, the marquee in the middle of the will stand together and support the minister the entire world. The strengthening of the majestic garden was decorated in cream white and gold table settings, which had beautiful centre pieces of candles with white and yellow flowers, while images of liberation movements throughout the African continent beamed across the big projectors inside the venue. As the world of diplomacy and that of business are closely intertwined through the relations which a country possess es with its neighbouring states, it is thus pivotal to keep healthy relations amongst the two worlds in order to determine strong trade relations, and increase business opportunities, to in return result in a Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane on walk to freedom. She went on to quote stronger and competitive economy. The work relations, milestones, and challenges Madiba’s words when he said," I dream of performed by members of the diplomatic which they encounter in their organisations a realisation of the unity of Africa, whereby corps assists in making these relations while dealing with international markets. its leaders combine efforts to solve the possible, as it helps in the mushrooming It can be affirmed that through the dinner, problems of this continent. I dream of our of South African businesses internationally, an opportunity was created and received vast deserts, of our forests, of our entire and also opens avenues of trade and to cement these relations between the great wilderness. I dream of Africa which investment; for the ordinary South African business and the diplomatic world, making is in peace with itself." Minister concluded citizen; and for corporate organisations the dinner a success as the main objective by thanking the sponsors and stakeholders such as Old Mutual, Sasol, Vodacom, and was reached in that regard. for keeping good relations with government, Dimension Data who generously sponsored In her address, Minister Maite Nkoana- and urged them to continue in so doing, in the occasion. Mashabane mentioned that, 11 February order to build a better South Africa, with Representatives from the above 2012 marked the 22nd anniversary since opportunities for all. mentioned organisations received an the father of the nation, Nelson Mandela Finally the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps- opportunity to share a word or two with was released from prison to his long Mr Bono Pheko affirmed that the Southern

8 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 9 the diplomat NEWS FLASH South Africa-France Forum for Political Dialogue SA, UK continue focus on doubling trade

Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane with Secretary of State for Foreign and Com- monwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, he Director-General of International the success or failure of Africa cannot be before it suffered a significant decline Mr William Hague T Relations and Cooperation(DIRCO) divorced from the success or failure of in 2009 due to the global economic Ambassador Jerry Matjila, hosted his Europe, or indeed the world. downturn. Total trade between the two African government wanted EU’s targeted sanctions on Zimbabwe was French counterpart, the Secretary- The two day meeting was preceded countries improved slightly to about R27, to encourage UK companies imminent. General of Foreign and European Affairs, by preparatory meetings between expert 5 billion in 2010 with a significant surplus to invest in beneficiation and He said while there had been some Ambassador Pierre Sellal, on 2 and 3 officials on UN issues, human rights in France’s favour. One of the objectives the agro-processing sector progress on the ground in Zimbabwe, it February 2012 for the annual session and development cooperation. The two of the Forum for Political Dialogue is to in South Africa.” Hague, who had not been “as much as we would have of the South Africa-France Forum for Directors-General discussed in plenary consider ways and means of not only was to meet with businesses liked”. Turning to Syria, Hague welcomed Political Dialogue at the Johnny Makatini among other issues the following: The strengthening bilateral trade but ensuring in the food sector later that the latest proposal by the Arab League on Diplomatic Guesthouse in Pretoria. further strengthening and deepening of that it is more balanced.There are more day, congratulated South Syria to isolate the regime, including the The South Africa-France Forum for bilateral political and economic relations; than 170 French-owned companies riefing the media at the Taj Hotel in Africa for successfully hosting COP17 endorsement of the Group of friends. Political Dialogue (FPD) is the primary increased development cooperation; or subsidiaries of French companies B Cape Town, following a bi-lateral in Durban in December and said the UK He also welcomed the Arab League's formal mechanism for the coordination of developments on the continent of Africa; operating in South Africa accounting meeting with UK Foreign Secretary, would continue to work with South Africa. financial and political support for the relations between the two countries. Its and issues of global governance such as for 25 000 employment opportunities. William Hague, Minister Maite Nkoana- “We will continue to work with South Africa opposition in Syria and its efforts to foster annual meeting is presided over jointly the reform of the UN Security Council and In strengthening South Africa-France Mashabane said that trade had improved in the coming year, as our countries have a more united opposition in Syria. He said by the Director-General and the French international financial institutions. Views relations the two Directors-General between the two countries last year after worked very well together,” said Hague. He the UK would discuss urgently with the Secretary-General, and also consists of were also exchanged on other matters of further discussed the cultural seasons declining 37% from 2008 to 2009, amid the said South Africa was a “truly global player” Arab League the setting up of a joint Arab senior officials responsible for the main mutual concern, including developments that the two countries will present: France global financial crisis. across a range of issues, including non- League and UN peacekeeping force, but areas of discussion. in the Middle East. in South Africa in 2012, and then South In the first 10 months of last year, South proliferation, climate change and conflict was quick to add that a peacekeeping force It is inter alia underpinned by the France is a major trading and Africa in France in 2013. While centred African exports to the UK had increased by resolution. could only be deployed once Syria had two countries sharing a fundamental development cooperation partner and on cultural exchanges, the seasons will 10.7% while UK imports were up by 30.6%. Mr Hague and Ms Nkoana-Mashabane withdrawn its troops from cities, stopped commitment to promoting peace, security, source of tourism for South Africa. Total also include elements of promoting trade Last year, the two countries agreed at a bi- also discussed several African and Middle killing civilians and setting up a credible stability, prosperity and democracy on the trade increased consistently from R11, and investment, tourism, and cooperation lateral forum to double trade by 2015. East issues, including the conference on ceasefire. continent of Africa, in the realisation that 4 billion in 2000 to R31, 2 billion in 2008 in science and technology. d While the UK remains South Africa’s Somalia which was held in London.He Asked whether the UK and South Africa top source of overseas tourist arrivals, said South Africa had a key role to play in would contribute peacekeepers, Hague South Africa hosts SADC meetings with 453 000 arrivals in 2010, the country tackling piracy in the Mozambiqan channel. said it was important that President Bashar is also providing support to set up a Free Hague said Britain was in favour of Assad follow through with an agreement to Minister Maite Nkoana-Mashabane with from (left to right) Trade Area (FTA) in Africa and to provide permanent representation for Africa at the pull back troops from cities. He said any Phandu T.C. Skelemani, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Inter- national Cooperation of Botswana, Zimbabwe Foreign Affairs development assistance through the United Nations Security Council(UNSC). peacekeeping force should not be made Minister Simbarashe Mbengegwi , Minister of International Department for International Development. Mr Hague added that the UK would do up of Western countries. “I don’t see the Relations and Cooperation , Deputy Minister of Internaitonal Relations and Cooperation Mr Marius Fransman and SADC Trade between the two countries increased everything to ensure peaceful elections way forward in Syria as Western-boots Executive Secretary DR Tomaz Augusto Salomao 77% between 2001 and 2008, growing in Zimbabwe and to support SADC and on the ground, I think it should come from from R42 billion to R74.5 billion. President Jacob Zuma’s efforts to bring outside the West,” he said. In conclusion the election of the Members of the AU Ms Nkoana-Mashabane said,"there about reforms in South Africa’s northern Ms Nkoana-Mashabane said South Africa Commission in accordance with Rule were more than 300 UK companies neighbour. While Ms Nkoana-Mashabane would soon need to formulate a strategy 42 of the Rules of Procedure of the operating in South Africa and several SA urged the EU to relook at trade sanctions from the unintended impact of EU sanctions Assembly of the Union; ones in the UK, pointing out that the South on Zimbabwe, Hague said an outcome on on Iran. d ●SADC urges the AU Assembly to conclude the electoral process for Tough questions in wake of contest By Eddy Maloka the African Union Commission (AUC) to change as the committee established Chairperson as a matter of urgency; and he chairpersonship of the African Union abuse of the principle of “responsibility by the summit revisits the AU rules of ●.On Madagascar, the Extra-ordinary T (AU) Commission has been contested to protect” in the international peace and procedure relating to the functioning ISPDC reaffirmed the significance of before without fanfare, so why such a security architecture? and election of the Commission, among he Extra-ordinary Inter State Politics ● SADC remains committed and united the Roadmap as the only mechanism hullabaloo now? The answer lies between ● How do we get Africa to focus on its others. Performance and accountability for T and Diplomacy Committee (ISPDC) to its candidate for the Chairperson of for resolving the current political crisis in the lines of what happened in Africa last priorities and challenges, not on what is Commission members is likely to come up, met at the Cape Town International the AU Commission, Hon. Dr. Nkosazana Madagascar. year, especially in Côte d’Ivoire and Libya. externally determined? as well as how member states ensure that Convention Centre, on 12 February 2012 Dlamini-Zuma-Minister of Home Affairs of ● The Extra-ordinary ISPDC urged all An increasing number of countries are Many speakers at the Addis Ababa those they elect live up to their expectations. and considered, among other things, the Republic of South Africa; Malagasy stakeholders to adhere to the beginning to ask four key questions about summit expressed concern about the How we strengthen the Commission and the outcome of the African Union (AU) ● That the Ad-hoc Committee of Eight letter and spirit of the signed Roadmap the AU, particularly its Commission: increasing incidents of “foreign interference” the entire AU is another important question. Commission elections and the political Head of States and Government, meet and its full implementation. ● How relevant and effective is the in Africa. And how we relate to the external world as developments in Madagascar. urgently to address the issues relating to ● The Extra-ordinary ISPDC urged the Commission as the engine room of the The question is how the Commission a continent will continue to dominate our The Southern African Development the next elections of the members of the Malagasy Stakeholders to expedite the AU? has represented the AU in responding debates, with a view to achieving our goal Community (SADC) meetings took AU Commission as mandated by the AU process of implementing the Roadmap ● How should the Commission account to to this changing geopolitical reality. The of a truly independent Africa. This electoral place within the context of contributing Summit on 30 January 2012; in order for SADC to consider lifting of AU member states, especially at moments countries that wanted change at the helm contest has awakened a continent which to regional efforts in addressing current ●The Republic of Angola as the sanctions on Madagascar. of crisis when Africa’s interests are at of the Commission are clearly not happy nearly lost itself in the divisive debate politico-economic situations in the region. Chairperson of SADC will represent the The Extra-ordinary ISPDC expressed stake? with how it has played its role in this regard. regarding the “United States of Africa”. We On the issue of SADC candidature for the region in the Committee of Eight; gratitude to the people and the ● How should Africa respond to the regime- The outcome of this electoral contest is are now more united on the big question: African Union Commission, the Extra- ●SADC remains committed to the Government of the Republic South change agenda of some external, non- definitely set to transform the AU. Some Africa, what now and beyond to claim the ordinary ISPDC decided as follows: threshold of two thirds (2/3) majority for Africa for hosting the meeting. d African actors, including the increasing aspects of the AU’s jurisprudence are likely 21st century? d

10 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 11 the International Relations diplomat the diplomat ADVERTORIAL NEWS FLASH South Africa extends a hand of friendship to Sierra Leone PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM By: Edward Lebeko PMDS POLICY REVIEW BACKGROUND West Africa II n 25 January 2012, a group of 29 PMDS conducted an in-house audit of the current PMDS Policy and had consulta- tions with other government departments and government agencies to ascertain Cuban health professionals arrived O whether the Policy is still relevant and in line with the latest developments. The in Freetown, Sierra Leone to help boost exercise proved that a need exists for the Policy to be reviewed as minor gaps the health sector in that country. The arrival were identified. of the Cuban health professionals would complement President Koroma’s Free PMDS POLICY REVIEW WITH PROPOSED AMENDMENTS/ INCLUSIONS Health Care initiative and provide the much needed health services in the countryside. TEMPLATE The Governments of South Africa and The Department shall use the MS Word template with effect from 1 April 2012 with Sierra Leone concluded a Memorandum In the group picture with the Cubans, High Commissioner Ndhlovu (in red) is flanked by Minister the introduction of the following:- of Understanding (MoU) in April 2010, in Zainab Bangura (left) and South Africa’s Honorary Consul General in Freetown Ms Aminata Kallay (right). Ambassador Ncoholas is third from the left Description Proposed/ amendment terms of which, the Cuban Government KRA Strategic objective would second health professionals to The funds have been availed through Africa’s High Commissioner to the the health service of Sierra Leone, while South Africa’s African Renaissance and Republic of Ghana, and South Africa’s High Objective/Output Performance Indicator the Government of Sierra Leone would International Co-operation Fund. Commissioner designated to the Republic facilitate their deployment to areas of The Cuban doctors and nurses were of Sierra Leone), Ambassador Jarge F. Performance Indicator/Measure Target critical need, arrange their up-keeping warmly received by the Sierra Leonean Lefebre Ncoholas, and Ambassador of and lodge through funding from the Minister of Health and Sanitation Ms Cuba to the Republic of Ghana who is Rating/ Scoring The allocation of a score to a performance indicator/target and, a CMC/GAF in South African government to the tune of Zainab Bangura in the presence of High also Cuba’s Ambassador designated to accordance with the prescribed rating scale. US$3 million over a period of three years. Commissioner Jeanette Ndhlovu (South the Republic of Sierra Leone. d Self assessment: an opportunity for the employee to allocate scores to a performance indicator/target, a CMC/GAF in line with the rating scale. Supervisor/Manager’s score: an opportunity for the supervisor/manager to allocate scores to a performance indicator/target, a CMC/GAF in line with the rating scale. Consensus score: A score agreed upon by the employee and the supervisor/manager. Moderated score: A score that has been moderated and confirmed by the moderating 19 & 20 MARCH @ MULTIPURPOSE VENUE committee.

PROPOSED POLICY AMENDMENTS AND INCLUSIONS Planning and Contracting People management and empowerment shall be a compulsory/ mandatory CMC/ GAF to 19 March 20 March all supervisory positions. DIRCO EMPLOYEES FUTURE EMPLOYEES

Amendment of Performance Agreement Where changes pertaining to an employee’s working environment/operational during the performance cycle requirements take place, a new performance agreement shall be entered into, to accommodate the changes and this shall be done when the employee assumes the new responsibility. Acting in a higher post Acting in a higher post shall not solely be used as a motivation for a performance Significantly Above Expectation or Outstanding. Overtime Remunerated overtime shall not be used solely as a motivation for a Performance Significantly Above Expectation or Outstanding. “New-Look” University Exhibitions Career Website Upgrading without change in Employees whose levels changed during the performance cycle shall not qualify for Launch for Performance Agreement within a pay progression for that performance cycle; however, it is required of them to submit PRIZES! PRIZES! Performance cycle performance appraisals. Appraisals for employees that have been confirmed at PRIZES! DIRCO Employees’ Performance Significantly Above Expectation or Outstanding, pro-rata performance based & Children bonus shall be implemented. University Exhibitions Promotion Employees promoted during the performance cycle, shall not qualify for pay progression, Only 100 seats available. Only 100 seats available. however, pro-rata performance based bonus shall be implemented if the employees have RSVP NOW! RSVP NOW! been confirmed at Performance Significantly Above Expectations or Outstanding. Moderation process Directors shall present the appraisals of Deputy Directors only. Deputy Directors shall present the appraisals of all employees on Levels 2-10. Management of poor performance Managers/ supervisors shall timeously establish the root cause(s) of under-performance To RSVP send an email with your details to Amandla Joyini on haa119 and address them immediately. [email protected] Grievance Procedure Grievances shall be lodged within 60 days after the implementation of incentives. Grievances registered after 60 days of implementation shall not be considered.

By: Zoleka Lamati

12 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 13 the International Relations diplomat By: Masotsha Mnguni

6 April 1959. Following the banning of the rudimentary military training during his visit contribution by Algeria is succinctly captured FROM BANDUNG TO OUJDA: THE ANC and the PAC, the latter sent Patrick to Algeria. This was on top of the theoretical by Tom Lodge in his analysis of Mandela’s Duncan as its representative in Algiers, training on guerrilla warfare he was given by interaction with the FLN and its military wing 1964-at the time Algeria was the hotbed Dr Mostefai. the National Liberation Army (ALN): FOUNDATIONS OF SOUTH AFRICA- of liberation movements from the African In his autobiography Long Walk to “In Morocco, [Oujda] Mandela also met a continent and beyond. This reality prompted Freedom5, Mandela recounts his encounter number of leaders from the Algerian FLN. the revolutionary from Guinea-Bissau, with Dr Mostefai. Mandela mentions that Dr Houari Boumedienne gave Mandela advice ALGERIA HISTORICAL RELATIONS Amilcar Cabral to refer to Algeria as the Mostefai related how the FLN had initially that he recollected in prison much later- “Mecca of revolutionaries”. Fluent in French, believed they could defeat the French that the objective of most armed liberation “The time comes in the life of any nation when there remains Duncan succeeded in obtaining Algerian colonial army, but later realised that a pure movements was rarely the overthrow of training facilities for 100 aspirant PAC military victory was impossible. Dr Mostefai regimes but rather to force opponents to the only two choices: submit or fight” guerrillas1. Moreover, Duncan produced a further explained to Mandela that guerrilla negotiating table”. 6 PAC Newsletter in French2. Patrick Duncan warfare was not designed to win military It is beyond doubt that this contribution only held his post (as PAC representative) in victory but the intention was to unleash acknowledged by Mandela was to play a Algiers for a year3. political and economic forces that would decisive role in South African politics. It will The revolutionary intellectual-activist bring down the enemy. Dr Mostefai advised be recalled that the armed struggle was one Jabulani ‘Mzala’ Nxumalo once noted Mandela not to neglect the political side of of the pillars utilised by the South African that “blank pages should not be allowed war while advancing the military option. national liberation movement that brought in history4”, against this backdrop, the In his recently published memoirs the apartheid regime to the negotiating table. documentation of South Africa-Algeria Conversations with Myself, Mandela This is in addition to mass mobilisation of the historic relations will not be complete gives his impression on Algerian South African oppressed and progressive without the examination of the PAC’s own freedom fighters in general and Dr forces; international sanctions as well as contribution in these ties that we celebrate Mostefai in particular, as depicted in this the underground campaign that conducted today. It is not the task of this contribution conversation with Richard Stengel: propaganda campaigns inside South Africa to view this important aspect in great detail. “Mandela: Mostefai? Yes, yes, he was the to galvanise the oppressed majority of However, in order to do justice to this head of the Algerian delegation in Morocco. South Africans. In view of the foregoing, important subject, we will plough deeper into Stengel: Right. Now he talked to you when the apartheid regime did finally relent the archives so as to comprehend the full quite extensively, didn’t he? and reluctantly opted to go to the negotiating complexities on the foundations of the South Mandela: Oh, yes, for several days. table, it was not surprising that the ANC, led Africa-Algeria relationship. Stengel: Right. by Mandela, suspended the armed struggle. Of recent late we have been fortunate to Mandela:Reviewing the Algerian It can be boldly asserted that the inputs of interview other key figures such as the revolution. Oh, that was a masterpiece, the Algerian liberation movement played a first President of an independent Algeria, man, I can tell you. Very few things inspired crucial role in informing this wisdom. Ahmed Ben Bella and Dr Chaoki Mostefai. me as the briefing from Dr Mostefai. The undying support of Algeria to the South It will be recalled that it was Dr Mostefai who Stengel: Really, how come? Why? African struggle against apartheid was again gave Mandela and Resha a comprehensive Mandela: …He was reviewing to us, you demonstrated by the role Algeria played in briefing on the Algerian liberation struggle know, the history of the Algerian revolution, the expulsion of apartheid South Africa from and the fundamentals of waging an armed the problems which they had, and how the United Nations in 1974. This turning struggle from a strategic and tactical vantage they started. They started thinking that they point in the South African struggle occurred he documentation of the important Nelson Mandela and Robert Resha with members of the Algerian Liberation Army. Also in the picture are point. At the time, the South African people’s would be able to defeat the French in the during Algeria’s tenure as President of the members from the liberation movements from the then African Portuguese colonies. This picture was taken in historic relations between South Oujda, a border-town along the Algeria-Morocco border in March 1962 liberation army, uMkhonto we Sizwe (Spear battlefield, inspired by what happened in United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) Africa and Algeria that was of the Nation) or MK for short, had just Vietnam. under the leadership of President Abdelaziz forged during the fight against As a necessary caveat, it should be interaction with Nelson Mandela and Robert been formed on 16 December 1961 with Dien Bien Phu… [That] was interesting, Bouteflika, who was Algeria’s Minister of Tcolonialism and imperialism in Africa has highlighted that this contribution is not an Resha when the two representatives of the Mandela as its first Chief of Staff. Given the absolutely interesting. Foreign Affairs at the time. This decision always been seen as a priority by the South attempt to provide a narrative of the history South African liberation movement visited similarities between the South African and Stengel: And were you thinking this might was important in that it intensified the fight African Embassy in Algeria. Indeed, when of South Africa-Algeria relations. Such an the Algerian national liberation movement Algerian liberation struggles, Mandela was be a model for how MK would be in South against the apartheid regime and ensured the Embassy embarked on this project, it important subject would require months of in March 1962. Amongst these, we count tasked by his organisation the ANC to go to Africa? its isolation from the rest of the world. was mindful of the fact that it will not be a research given the fact that bits and pieces Cherefi Djamel Belkacem, Nouredinne Algeria amongst other countries to organise Mandela: Well, it was information on It was in this regard, the Embassy led once-off exercise. Rather, we were aware of information (some in French and Arabic) Djoudi and Djelloul Malaika. military training for MK recruits as well as which we could work out our own tactics”. by Ambassador Joseph Kotane visited Dr that this task will be a continuous one that on this matter that are scattered all over To digress from the main issue a bit, organise material assistance. It is important It is apparent from the above dialogue Mostefai to thank him for his contribution to will develop with time, more especially the archives still need to be assembled and it is important to note that post-colonial to highlight that Mandela himself was given that the launch of the South African armed the South African liberation struggle albeit when we continue to meet and interview translated. Accordingly, this input serves as Algeria and its liberation movement prior struggle benefitted immensely from the at its most difficult phase. This meeting 1Lodge, T, Sharpville: An Apartheid Massacre and its Conse- key figures from both sides that were at the an appreciation of these two giants of the to liberation, the National Liberation Front quences, Oxford University Press, New York, 2011, p.206 lessons learnt from the Algerian revolution was also an opportunity for the Embassy forefront of the establishment of this historic African continent situated at both tips of the (FLN), mostly interacted with the African 2 Lodge, T, Black Politics in South Africa since 1945, Long- as recounted to Mandela by Dr Mostefai. to get further insight of that period from this man, London, 1983 relationship. Most importantly though, we continent. National Congress (ANC). However, it 3Duncan remained an active member of the PAC in Algeria, Further, the theoretical contribution of the African revolutionary intellectual! Similarly, working in Constantine for an American relief organization. are cognisant of the fact that the custodians Ever since we started documenting the should be emphasised that the ANC was not Duncan was felled in 1967 by aplastic anaemia in a London Algerian liberation movement to South the Embassy again led by Ambassador of the information about the early contacts historic relations between the two countries, the sole liberation movement in South Africa hospital Africa’s own national liberation struggle Kotane visited the legendary President 4 Nxumalo, J, The National Question in the Writing of South are at an advanced age. As such, the need we have been fortunate to have an audience at the time. In addition to the ANC, there African History: A Critical Survey of Some Major Tendencies, was substantial during this period. This Ahmed Ben Bella at his home (just next to Published by Development Policy and Practice Research to document the stories of those veterans with the Algerian veterans who were there was the Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC) Group, Faculty of Technology, Open University, London, 1992 5 Mandela, N, Long Walk to Freedom, Little, Brown Company, 6 Lodge, T Mandela a Critical Life, Oxford University Press, that are still with us is urgent. from the beginning. This includes their which had broken away from the ANC on London, 1994 New York, 2006, p.98 (Continues on page 16)

14 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 15 IN MY TRAVELS

(from page 15) by: TERENCE Tshisevhe

our official residence!) to thank him once on this important visit that: Mfene (Teddy Ncapayi); Amos Motaung again for his contribution in the liberation “…There are unofficial delegations from (Phillip Habanyane); James Radebe of South Africa. At this meeting, President the French colonies [of] Morocco, Algeria and (James Thabethe); Sly Plate (Sly Pilane); My DRC experience, Ben Bella gave vivid recollections of his Tunisia, and from South Africa. To my mind, Paul Majoe (Dan Mokhatle); Thami Sindelo meetings with Mandela and Resha in 1962. only the last two-the North Africans and the (Thami John); Barney Pitso (Leonard Pitso); He noted that he first met them at a military South Africans are important. They have a William Ntuli (Willy Williams); Peter Ngezi recounted parade arranged in his honour just after his legitimate case, and everybody concerned (Ngizi Peyise); Reddy Mampane (Reddy "They neither ran with them, nor burnt them to the release from prison at the Ben Mihdi Base. here recognises and acknowledges this Mazimba); Sydney Soate (Sydney Molefi); On a lighter note, Ben Bella recounted how fact. They enjoy the sympathy and support James Mokheti (James Nato); John Zulu ground. The simple act of taking them was more to Mandela visited his home in Algiers where of all the delegates.” 9 (Droom Zulu); Alfred Willie Mafamane; Fish get a new bit of fabric or a house rag." they had the traditional Algerian cuisine It can be deduced from the above that Mekgwe; Zoni Selwane; Wellington Nziba; which Mandela enjoyed so much, particularly following the Bandung Conference there Mark Jones and Martin Skhosana. cous cous! were intentions from the leadership to Moreover, shortly after Algeria achieved travelled to the Democratic Republic Raison d’être of South Africa-Algeria solidify bonds forged with the North African independence in July 1962, the ANC Mission Congo (DRC) as part of a Southern relations: Context liberation movements in general and Algeria was promptly opened in Algiers, headed African Development Community It has been common for commentators of in particular. To give justification to this by Robert Resha who was soon joined by (SADC) Electoral Observer South Africa-Algeria relations to make the assertion, it is worth reproducing the long Johnston Mfanafuthi ‘Johnny’ Makhathini. IMission during the country’s November incorrect assertion that these relations where but necessary quote by Joe Matthews on In 1966, when Robert Resha left Algeria, Presidential and Parliamentary elections. established during the visit by Mandela and his recollection of the foundations of South he was succeeded by Makhathini. Godfrey In hindsight I would have loved to have Resha to Algeria in 1962. As such, it is Africa-Algeria relations in the aftermath of Josiah Madileng Motsepe came thereafter written of my experience whilst I was there imperative that some light on the origins of the formation of MK: followed by Thamsanqa John aka ‘Thami when everything was fresh in my mind. these historic ties be provided. Surely, as “…We said Africa can be our base. They Sindelo’. Mr Victor Moche was the last Chief However, recounting my experience we shall shortly discover, there must have are willing to be our base, and we need Representative before the establishment of was very easy as moments like these will been some earlier interaction between the training facilities they are ready to provide. formal bilateral relations with a democratic never be forgotten. For a background, two parties that made the visit by Mandela But the equipment and so on will have to South Africa and Algeria. the Congo is situated along Africa’s west and Resha possible! come from somewhere else. Then we also A Strategic Partnership: coast and bordered by Angola, Central 8The Bandung Conference of 1955: had to look at who our strategic partners As Algeria gears itself to celebrate 50 African Republic, Cameroon, and Gabon. A thorough search into the archives in the struggle were. The Algerian struggle years of independence ( 5 July 2012) and the The Congo is a fusion of grassland, inland actually reveals that the first substantial had just been won; they had gained their ANC its 100 years of existence ( 8 January highlands and equatorial rainforest which interaction between the representatives of independence in 1962. We thought, because 2012), this partnership is at its strongest account for its fascinating selection of wild the South African and Algerian liberation of their experiences and because of the as the two countries continue to work animals and colourful birdlife. movements namely the ANC and FLN,was relations we had with them since the period closely in building an Africa that is peaceful, I slept peacefully just after boarding the made in Bandung, Indonesia at the Asia- of Bandung in 1955, Algeria would be our democratic, non-sexist, non-racist and plane to Kinshasa in between reading in- Africa Conference in February 1957. main base in the Arab world. And because of prosperous thereby contributing to a better flight magazines and being woken up by

Accordingly, at this important gathering, their struggle, they would have a particular life for all. This interaction is exemplified by flight attendants for this and that. After Mr Tshisevhe as part of SADC Electoral Observer Mission the South African liberation movement/ attitude to a movement which was fighting the close bilateral cooperation by the two about three and a half hours, I held my Congress Alliance was represented by an armed struggle.”10 countries through the framework of the South breath as the plane took off, turned and with conference rooms, a shopping mall mandate an endorsement of 100 per Moses Kotane, then Secretary General of As can be distilled from the insight Africa-Algeria Bi-National Commission of descended again and then repeated and the ever-popular L’Atmosphere cent. People gathered and cheered, but the South African Communist Party (SACP) given by Matthews, the South African Cooperation (BNC) whose work is centred the whole maneuver. I pretended to be nightclub. The hotel, close to President without too much enthusiasm. The crowd and Maulvi Cachalia, leader in the South National Liberation Movement viewed post- on the following areas of interaction: sleeping in my nervousness. We finally Joseph Kabila’s official residence, had disbanded fairly quickly following the African Indian Congress. In actual fact, independence Algeria as a strategic partner Quality of Life and Human Resources; landed and discovered that the airport stunning views of the mighty Congo River. speech. The flags for Kabila were quickly prior to arriving in Bandung, both Kotane in the liberation struggle as early as 1962, People to People Relations; was almost full with people from other It also had restaurants. Most interestingly, stolen as people scaled the poles to and Cachalia visited Gamal Abdel Nasser’s mainly due to similar experiences in the Energy and Infrastructure; SADC countries who were also coming to the Grand Hotel lies on the southern bank retrieve them. Egypt who was then the Premier. It was in quest to eliminate national oppression. Natural Resources; observe the elections. of the mighty Congo River, across from They neither ran with them, cheering, Egypt that they first made contact with the Subsequently, these early interactions Defence, Safety and Security, and As I landed at Kinshasa’s Ndjili Brazzaville. This is the only place in the nor burnt them to the ground. The simple North African Committee of political exiles provided for the arrival of MK combatants Trade International Airport, I was immediately world where two national capital cities act of taking them was more akin to getting from Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia who were who came to Algeria for military training. Moreover, South Africa and Algeria work struck by a series of neat election are situated on opposite banks of a river, a new bit of fabric or a house rag-same representing their country’s independence Amongst the first MK recruits to come were hand in hand in building a stronger African billboards displaying huge portraits of the within sight of each other. as the t-shirts. People attended the rally cause abroad. 8 prominent cadres such as Joe Modise who Union and its structures. This interaction broadly smiling President Joseph Kabila. Most astounding was also the because it was an interesting spectacle, Later after his return from Bandung, later became Commander of MK and the is also extended to the international fold Banners bearing the names of the various opportunity to fly over most of the DRC of dancing, music and loudspeakers. Moses Kotane noted, amongst others, in an first post-apartheid South Africa’s Minister whereby the two countries informed by candidates in the elections were fluttering provinces before we were finally deployed Something to see, rather than to show article he wrote for the New Age newspaper of Defence and Raymond Mhlaba himself their common history and destiny as well as all the way along the road. Vehicles of at Buji-Mayi. Some of the provinces we their political support. a former MK Commander who was later the principles of internationalism tirelessly all sizes and in all stages of dilapidation visited include Lubumbashi, Katanga, At the end Kabila was declared to have 7The Bandung Conference brought together delegates from 29 Asian and African countries to devise ways and means imprisoned on Robben Island for ‘treason’. champion development centred just causes twisted and turned and inched forwards in Kananga, Kolwezi, Goma and Bukavu. won the election on 9 December with of securing and maintaining peace by eliminating all causes and sources of war, and devising ways in which Asian and These cadres were to later pave the way geared towards eradicating armed conflict; an attempt to negotiate the obstacles on I received an opportunity to attend a 48.95% of the vote. Due to a change in African countries could cooperate. Moses Kotane and Maulvi for a number of MK recruits such as Peter economic inequality; global warming; unfair the road and find the least damaged part rally when President Kabila visited Buji- the law, Kabila did not have to contest a Cachalia attended as observers. But the conference provided the ANC with the opportunity to connect with the leaders of 9 Ibid. trade; disease; imperialism; racism; sexism of the highway. Mayi. At the rally he spoke of the Cinq run-off against Tshisekedi who received these countries. 10 Interview with Joe Gaobakwe Matthews, Edited by Mbulelo 8 Bunting, B Moses Kotane, South African Vizikhungo Mzamane from the interview by Dr Sifiso Ndlovu and exploitation. As we arrived at the Grand Hotel, which Chantiers, of asphalt and electricity. He 32.33% of the poll - according to official Revolutionary, A Political Biography, Inkululeko Publications, and Professor Bernard Makhosezwe Magubane, 18 July May this fraternal strategic partnership was quite a glamorous facility — by Central said Number 3 is the only candidate, results. Kamerhe received just 7.74%, and 39 Goodge Street, London W1, 1975. 2001, Pretoria, South African Democratic Education Trust (SADET) Oral History Project. last for many years to come! d African standards — it came complete and asked Buji-Mayi people to give his this was how the whole episode ended. d

16 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 17 the International Relations diplomat

By: SOUTH AFRICAN high commission - ROME SKA Presentation in Rome

Minister Grace Naledi Pandor meeting the staff of the SA Embassy in Rome

n 25 January 2012, on the occasion of the visit to Italy by the Minister of Science and Technology, Ms. Grace Naledi Pandor, O Ambassador Thenjiwe Mtintso hosted a presentation in Rome on South Africa’s bid to host the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).In November 2011 Italy became a member of the SKA Organisation, an independent, none Profit Company established to formalise relationships with international partners and centralise the leadership of the (SKA) telescope project. Minister Grace Naledi Pandor with Ambassador Thenjiwe Mtintso, Ms. Marigrazia Biancospino and Dr. Bernie Fanaroff at the SKA presentation in Rome South Africa is leading an African bid to host the SKA, with the core site in South Africa’s and practitioners in the field of astrophysics. relate to a potential African SKA. Northern Cape region and with outstations Minister Pandor was also joined at the The very successful SKA presentation in Namibia, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, presentation by Dr. Bernie Fanaroff, the followed the previous day’s interactions on Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique and Director of the South African SKA bid, who the SKA bid by Minister Pandor with her Zambia. gave an in-depth presentation of the technical Italian counterpart, as well as representatives and scientific aspects of the bid proposal, from the Italian business and astronomy The presentation was attended by a large as well as by Ms. Mariagrazia Biancospino, community. cross-section of African ambassadors the Secretary-General of the Italian-South accredited to Italy and Permanent African Chamber of Trade and Industries, Minister Pandor also found some time to Representatives to the Rome-based who provided a business perspective of visit the Chancery and to engage with all UN-food agencies, as well as key Italian trade and investment opportunities in South transferred staff and LRPs on developments academics, business people, journalists Africa and Africa, especially also as they in South Africa and Italy. d

18 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 19 “Celebrating the Legacy of Liberation Movements in Africa-Freedom through Diplomacy”

Percy The Liberation Movements from the Pan African have written this theory,lacks significant (consolidation of the single party and that they may prove to the world their Makholwa Congress: 1900- to ANC centenary celebration: 2012 points. The lack of these points in this miscalculated sequencing). incontestable right to be counted among Desk: theory is what allows for Afro-pessimism. The above is rebuttal to misconceptions the great brotherhood of mankind. From Civil and and ruling party. Since independence, Africans because the requisite conditions These points also speak to miscalculated about liberation movement; we now have the above, it is clear that the significance Political liberation movements have transformed political stability require the inverse sequence, the single party and disguised the space to recount what the liberation of the 1900 conference was that it created Rights either as democratic ruling parties or as of sequence, namely democracy-first, ambitions (external and internal). was motivated by and what challenges the international political posture of African single parties that have been listed as the development-second, and then sustained The above leads us to Walter Rodney’s await the liberation movement. states of the respect of sovereignty. culprits for suppression, totalitarianism and political stability. The rationale for the “How Europe Underdeveloped Africa.” The 1900 pan African conference was to This was the position of the members kleptocracy in Africa. The Single parties sequence contrary to the latter has already From this book we learn that Africans a large extent the ignition of the liberation of the OAU after the 1950s. These have had devastating effects in Africa. been highlighted above in the external were simply compensated middle men, movement in Africa. That conference gave members were largely former liberation he years 1900, and 1912 are The abuse of human rights, the stalled interference and internal volitions. It is who were ruthless in their service to the a call to the metro poles of the colonising movement activists who had turned into significant in the historic recount of development of countries and the looting noteworthy to state that Human Rights, original looter. Markets were sustained and nations that a congress of men and governing authorities. In addition, the 1900 the liberation movement in African. of revenues intended for development are which thrive under development and middle men protected even to the extent of women of African blood sought to beckon call, motivated the stance of liberation TThe year 1900 was the Pan African some of expressions of this devastation. democracy, would have been easily being provided with arms and intelligence the world that...the nations of the world movements advocating human rights Conference and the year 2012 is the year With regards to the abuse of human achieved in the later sequence. to wipe out opponents (disguised internal respect the integrity and independence of against colonial regimes. Alas, due to the of the centenary celebration of the oldest rights, Africa is listed as having a bad We conclude, therefore that mis- and external interests). the free Negro states of Abyssinia, Liberia, reasons explained above, many of the liberation movement the African National record in human rights. The reasons were calculation of sequence; the development Indeed the liberation movement Haiti, and the rest. former liberation movements contradicted Congress (ANC). Sufficient elaboration threefold, firstly the post independence towards a single party; the political activists were then downgraded into a Secondly, the 1900 conference called their pre-independence virtues and were has gone into explaining the significance liberation movement was not prepared to volatility of the post independence world band of thieves or complaint stooges at on the colonised Africans to take courage, complicit in committing horrendous abuses of the ANC centenary celebrations carry the reforms required to transform an (neo-imperialism and eternal interference the expense of the majority of Africans strive ceaselessly, and fight bravely, to the human rights of Africans. elsewhere by others, we shall therefore not inherited colonial government into a post and internal volitions disguised as proxy go into details about the ANC herein save colonial, democratic and predevelopment war in a bipolar world system) created the to introduce theoretic discussions about government. The reckoning of former downward spiral of liberation movements Celebrating the Legacy of Liberation Movements in Africa the ANC and elaborate on discussions liberation movement activists was that on the continent. This downward spiral – Freedom through Diplomacy about liberation movements in total. an unchanged state would ensure their worked against the establishment of It was Immanuel Wallerstein who political stability and secure sustained human rights institutions. and self determination. “No African will be free unless all Africans Pela access to resources. The second reason There have been alternative theories praised the (ANC) for being both the Selomo The South African citizens are are free.” oldest and the last liberation movement is that to install a human rights culture, to the above analysis, these have Directorate: enjoying the fruits of freedom today While the OAU and most African nations to exist in the 20th century (followed by uncomfortable truths would have to be suggested that that Africans were not West because of the sterling leadership of supported the struggle in Southern Africa, no other). The comments by Wallerstein adhered to. The example of these relates aware of what human rights were due to Africa II the Mass Democratic Movement led the most direct support came from the were inspired by the success of the ANC to accepting that colonialism under its their communitarian life and Mahmood by the ANC and others whose role has Front Line States, the independent to claim democratic victory in 1994, in the divide and rule strategy preferred the Mamdani did justice in rebuttal to these. been engraved in gold in the history of African countries bordering South Africa, first instance. Secondly they were inspired rights of one group at the expense of Mamdani highlighted how ethnocentric the our continent’s liberation struggle. It is and these efforts were accelerated by Wallerstein’s calculation that there another. Thus, either one ethnic group, argument of communitarian life being used through their exerted efforts and pressure following the independence of Angola would be no new liberation movement one class, religious community would as reason for non-compliance to human that the Apartheid regime succumbed to and Mozambique. These front line states that would arise after the ANC. Instead of have to admit benefit at the expense rights. Instead, Mamdani highlights that democratic forces which paved the road provided logistical support and asylum to liberation movements there would rather of another. The third issue is that there Africans used the communitarian world s there a good reason for us to to the 1994 democratic breakthrough. The the liberation cadres, but most importantly, be contesting political parties, which would were delays in recognizing and acting on view to argue for the right to community celebrate the legacy of the liberation democratic dispensation in South Africa they provided military bases for training be represented in a parliamentary system. human rights. The later speaks both to the development, and this was not exclusive movements in Africa? What legacy is a result of a protracted struggle waged liberation soldiers in preparation for the The other obvious calculation that could sequencing and the procrastination over of, nor in denial of individual rights. The didI these liberation movements leave by men and women in the continent under insurrection in South Africa. be offered is that the colonial project human rights. citizen-subject creation of colonialism was which requires special recognition and the leadership of our celebrated liberation Africa is free today because of the efforts was essentially over and thus liberation Sequencing speaks to the fact that the reason why the denials of individual ululations? It is extremely pivotal for one movements. and leadership of the African Liberation movements were not required. out of the three variables (development, rights become advanced by Africans. If to punch these critical questions, which The trophy should not only be awarded Movements. The struggle against There has been some vindication for political stability and democracy), the the citizen is a superior race or group, seem to be controversial in their nature to the South African liberation movements imperialism and colonial rule would have Wallerstein’s calculations in there not post independence state considered then the subject becomes relegated to an and character. alone. permanently imputed itself if it was not for being any new political movement with political stability to have been more eternal ‘subject’ disposition because they The African liberation movements’ We need to recognise the contributions the dedication and determination of cadres the qualities of liberation movements after important. Historical record vindicates belong to an inferior race or group. contribution in the broader liberation of the liberation movements in Africa as a of the liberation movements in Africa. the ANC. The case of Sudan’s People this consideration; indeed Africa became Unfortunately, some liberation fighters struggle is immeasurable and its legacy whole, for instance Ghana’s independence The leaders of the liberation movements Liberation Movement (SPLM) is one even a rougher neighbourhood post also created a citizen subject scenario deserves serious acknowledgement through Kwame Nkrumah’s political party were using petitions and international counter argument to Wallerstein. The independence owing to external interests when they created a single party state, and recognition. As the African (Convention People’s Party) in 1957 platforms to mobilise the world to support recent emergence of the SPLM as ruling at continued control and access, and thus reinventing the colonial suppression National Congress (ANC) celebrates its remained a cornerstone for the tremendous their efforts to fight against oppressive party would actually place the SPLM as internal volitions intending to gain control model. centenary, it is important to recognise momentum that triggered and fast-tracked systems in their respective countries. On the last liberation movement and the ANC of the state. Another contrary analysis to what we and acknowledge the contributions the rest of Africa’s political liberation. 10 February 1927 in Brussels, the former would remain the oldest. Certainly the Alas also the sequencing discarded have expounded above speaks to stalled made by MPLA in Angola, FRELIMO in The liberation movements in Southern President of the ANC, Josiah Gumede proposition by Wallerstein has become democracy and development. What development and the looting of Africa, as Mozambique, SWAPO in Namibia, ZAPU Africa received strong support from ,at the International Congress Against contested on technicality but not entirely started as a project of ensuring political is seen in the latest package in the book and ZANU-PF in Zimbabwe; and PAIGC independent African nations. In 1963 at Imperialism, had this to say “South Africa on content. Wallerstein goes on to stability also became a programme “Architect of Poverty”. The Moeletsi Mbeki in Guinea and Cape Verde; and many the meeting of the African leaders that is my country in which I was born, the highlight the challenges of modernizing the hindering development and democracy. “Architects of Poverty” theory explains other movements and organisations that formed the Organization of African Unity country of my forefathers. I regret to tell liberation movement in to a political party There was a miscalculation on the part of part of the problem but just like many who contributed to our struggle for freedom (OAU), Kwame Nkrumah, declared that you this evening that we have no place to (Continues on page 22)

20 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 21 the “Celebrating the Legacy of Liberation Movements in International Relations diplomat Africa-Freedom through Diplomacy” By: THE DIPLOMAT TEAM (from page 21) lay our heads. All the land was taken from of colonialism and oppression. The oppressive regimes in the continent. They us in the name of the Crown of Great Britain organisation aimed to promote unity and used economic diplomacy as a tool to apply and the people were driven away from cohesion among the newly independent pressure on the oppressors. their ancestral homes which were turned African states, to advance their economic As part of preserving and celebrating the Living in into farms”. After realising that the petition development, and to accelerate the legacy of the liberation movements, the new strategy is not fast-tracking change, the liberation of those African nations still under South Africa should mobilise the continent Tanzania with Nokwazi Mtshali African people under the leadership of the Colonial or White rule. The African liberation in a view to safeguard and strengthen the liberation movements resorted to peaceful movements used the OAU to champion African Union as it derived its existence away from the hassle of the where everything is a stone mass resistance strategies which ultimately their fundamental interests internationally from the OAU. That in context forms part city and of course every now throw away and believe me resulted in the armed liberation struggle. and mobilised friendly nations and and parcel of celebrating the legacy of and then I have to accompany when I say things are not as The newly independent African countries progressive international organisations the liberation movements in the continent friends or family. expensive as some of us may realised that there was also a need to build such as the Non-Aligned Movement, Anti- because the AU is a brain child of these think. a regional block which would effectively Apartheid Movement in the UK and others liberation movements. There is a need to What adjustments did Life is just not the same. I engage and lobby the international to intensify the fight against colonialism critically transform the AU to ensure that 3you have to overcome to promise you, the care-free let community to support the struggle for and oppression. The African liberation Africa does not become a victim in the global live in Tanzania? And what loose spirit of South Africans freedom in the continent. In May 1963 in movements’ revolutionaries ensured that political scheme of things. We must actually are the day to day barriers cannot be matched by anyone. Addis Ababa the OAU was established with political and socio-economic sanctions be the masters of our own destiny without that make day to day living We are a people that get up and the aim to free Africans from the bondage were implemented against the colonial and any fear of contradiction or prejudice. as a foreigner difficult dance, even though familiar there? music was playing here it was Surprise Greece.The crisis in our continent might by many as the “year of action,” but we have Living here I have had to sad for me as there was no Malehase jeopardise our commitment of creating lost many jobs during that period, so the deal with the unavailability one to dance with and when I Branch: 5 million jobs in 2014 as it was the South expectation is very high this year. I believe of the foods that we take for got caught up in a moment I Public African Government’s commitment when the that South Africa is starting to get its position granted back home, especially would always receive strange Diplomacy new administration led by President Jacob well in the educational sector especially in Nokwazi Mtshali in Tanzania fast food. To add on to that looks here…..I love my South Zuma took over in the year 2009. the Basic Education sector. 70.2 % pass things are very expensive, African people and miss them The Minister of Finance Pravin Gordhan in rate at a national level was confirmed by the You are based in the therefore the importance of life in general is expensive in a lot!!! his meeting with the Managing Director of the Department of Basic Education. 1Mission in Tanzania, tell trade relations between the Tanzania and this usually calls he year 2012 is described by International Monetary Fund (IMF) said our This year our Government should find us what are your favourite two countries. Everyday there for serious budgeting. I have What do you do when economists as a dark year especially economic policy towards job creation or the a way to close this gap between the rich things about living in that are new challenges that I have developed a budgeting culture 5you are homesick? in Europe because countries might New Growth Path is in the correct position; and the poor, statistics tells us that at country? to deal with and with the help which I believe is a plus for me Unfortunately, there is not much Tface recession, which has already affected these might give us confidence in terms of least 4 Million people in our country are One thing that I appreciate of my colleagues both here and will help me when I get to do other than call home. other countries in Europe such as Italy and Job creation. The year 2011 was described unemployed. most about Tanzania is the and at Head Office, as well at back home. Thank God for technology, year round summer that we get the DTI, I have managed very The language issue was a even though one is miles to experience here in Dar es well. problem at the beginning, away, the likes of facebook, Carol Rath Lusanda Salaam. The place is laid back as a black person people skype keeps us connected Dube Creative with Thando Dalamba, and and as the people here would Describe a few of your are quick to conclude that with the people back home Branch: Corner Professor Urio rightly say everything is done major tourist attractions you are Tanzanian and and colleagues from around Asia and - at that time 2 Middle Director of pole pole (meaning slowly in and around the city and therefore will start speaking the world. East The Solomon slowly). There is absolutely their significance. in Kiswahili. Unlike home Mahlangu Free- no rush and the rat race that I am so lucky to be in Tanzania where switching to English How many people work dom College” (SOMAFCO) characterises South African as this is tourist paradise, can actually save you, in this 6at the South African at the Sokoine life is but a distant dream when from the numerous islands country where Kiswahili is the Embassy? University cam- I am here. just within reach from Dar es official language one finds that This is a relatively small pus. t is with great valour and reminisce that On the work side of things I Salaam to the ever so famous some people do not have a Mission with 10 transferred one dares to looks back at our history, could not have asked for a Serengeti up country. Work has good command of the English officials and 13 LRP’s. and realise how far we have come as better posting, the amount of taken me to Serengeti where I language and communication Rest peacefully aI Country. It’s with pride amidst feelings of exposure that I have gained got to experience part of the becomes a problem and this What is the one Rest peacefully, quietly under the trees, sadness and anger that so many people in this country is amazing. As migration and the beautiful you find everywhere you go characteristic or Rest peacefully, in the beautiful, still, warm air of a foreign land, 7 had to lose their lives for us to be where a developing country there are scenery of Tanzania. It was to from restaurants to the lady Rest peacefully, under the blanket of a breathless, starry night, attribute about the we are as a Nation. Hence we should not Rest peacefully, your vision has been realized, a lot of things happening as when we were flying above the at the till; but I have survived Tanzanians that you think only celebrate and value our freedom on Rest peacefully, your sacrifice is acknowledged, South Africa is a key player in vast land of the Serengeti that two and a half years and my we as South Africans can special days, let’s instill a sense of honour, Rest peacefully, we remember you, the development of Tanzania. I got to understand the power Kiswahili is improving. learn from? humility, pride and purpose to our very Rest peacefully; we will carry onward, as a great nation! I found myself thrust into the of the Almighty and nothing will They are very patient people own children by re-living and reviving the management of trade relations ever compare to the feeling I What do you miss most and peaceful too and this is spirit of self worth. In honour of all South Africans buried in the United Republic of between the two countries, at had overlooking the beautiful 4about South Africa? something that South Africans Let us go to other African Countries Tanzania – in Bagamoyo, Dakawa, Kinondoni, Mazimbu,Namanga the beginning this seemed like crater below. As if that was not Oh how I miss South African could learn from Tanzanians, and elsewhere, in marked and unmarked graves – from World and show them how it is like to have a huge task but I have come enough I have had the pleasure food and South African life!!!!!! violence is just not heard of in War I and World War II, from the struggle, in exile and on duty and true leaders whose purpose is to to understand the crucial role to go to Zanzibar, as it is only Nothing compares to what this place and there are very those who ventured north, merely looking for adventure. serve the people, in so doing this will Carol A Rath that South Africa plays in the a 15 minutes flight away, it has we have back home. Our life low levels of violent crime, secure a brighter future for the nation- West Africa development of Tanzania and become a most welcome get back home is that of choices there is only petty crime. d ALUTA CONTINUA!

22 vol 2 2012 [email protected] [email protected] vol 2 2012 23 the International Relations diplomat By: SOUTH AFRICAN High Commission - Dar es Salaam

The facilities at SOMAFCO were so well MISSION MEMOIRS planned and constructed, that in the early THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA AND THE HEROES OF 1990’s, the ANC was in a position to hand them over to the Tanzanian authorities THE SOUTH AFRICAN LIBERATION and today the lecture halls, dormitories, administration block, laboratories and Nelson Mandela Freedom Square form n added privilege for officials the Solomon Mahlangu Campus of the who serve at the High Sokoine University of Agriculture and Commission in Dar es Salaam are in constant use. The hospital on the is the opportunity to honour property, built with funds from the Dutch thoseA who died in exile in the United Anti-Apartheid movement, is also in daily Republic of Tanzania and to interact with use as a clinic for the people of Mazimu cadres, colleagues and comrades who village. spent some days, years or months in the ANC camps of Mazimbu and Dakawa, in Many South African visitors to Dar es the Morogoro Region. Salaam make the 3 hour pilgrimage by road to SOMAFCO and its sister vocational The founding father of Tanzania, Mwalimu training institution at Dakawa, also in the Julius Nyerere, played an important role Morogoro Region. In both Mazimbu and in the liberation of our country by agreeing Dakawa, there are graveyards, where to harbour exiles from South Africa in the those who passed away during their early years of the struggle, and when exile are buried. Both the graveyards Graves at the SOMAFCO cemetery, Mazimbu Tanzania was still newly independent. are simple, dignified resting places for those who died in pursuit of their dream Many of the illustrious names in the of freedom, most of them long before that story of our freedom refer with pride and freedom appeared to be within reach. gratitude to their association with Baba Monument at SOMAFCO cemetery They died for their ideals, because they wa Taifa (the Father of the Nation) and wished for a better life for all – true patriots, Tanzania in its early years, and amongst Tanzania became a veritable river after in Southern Africa and complete their true liberators, true heroes! them former Minister Ronnie Kasrils and the Soweto uprising in 1976, when secondary education before venturing former Speaker of Parliament Frene scores of young people fled South Africa, further afield to accept the bursaries and The High Commission regularly hosts Ginwala as well as the late Minister Manto determined to go into exile and fight for the scholarships offered to them. moving memorial services at the two sites Tshabalala -Msimang. liberation of our country. After considering either for Heritage Day or for Reconciliation some options for the future of the youth, As a result, and with the assistance of the Day. These are impressive ceremonies The steady trickle of exiles arriving in the ANC decided that they should remain supporters of the liberation movements, with a strong military theme and fitting a first-class educational institution was occasions to recall the sacrifices made established at Mazimbu, just outside and hardships endured by so many young the agricultural town of Morogoro in the people, and to honour those who paid the United Republic of Tanzania. The school ultimate price for our freedom, far away consisted of well-constructed lecture from their families and friends, and with no halls, dormitories, recreational facilities thought of praise or reward, fueled only by and laboratories and provided hundreds their passion for democracy and justice. of South African exiles with a first-class In 2006 the South African Heritage Memorial at the SOMAFCO cemetery, Mazimbu, Morogoro Region education. Resources Agency (SAHRA) began to compile lists of the names of the fallen she played in our liberation.The Memorial of entertainment and feasting for those The administration block of the facility to upgrade the gravesites. The Mazimbu Ceremonies in Morogoro Region are an who welcomed the young patriots and hosted meetings of the ANC leadership graves are already clearly marked, but in opportunity for South Africans not only to helped them in their individual journeys to in exile and the young people chose Dakawa, the new granite markers sent by honour the memories of all who fled into become leading members of our Rainbow the name of “The Solomon Mahlangu SAHRA will be the first definitive markers exile but also to thank the communities Nation today. Freedom College”(SOMAFCO) for the for the young heroes who lie peacefully of Mazimbu and Dakawa who received school. Today, many of those who were amongst the trees in foreign ground. In the youth in their midst. The drums and The High Commission in Dar es Salaam educated at SOMAFCO, as it became 2009, President Zuma honoured Mama the bugles of the Tanzanian People’s ensures that the days of exile, hardship, known, have formed the SOMAFCO Trust Anna Abdullah, who was the Regional Defence Force float on the country air idealism and sacrifice are not forgotten! and work towards instilling the values and Commissioner of Morogoro at the time at the gravesites not only to do homage Clear demonstrations that our actions in ethics of SOMAFCO in the young people the young people arrived, with the Order to the fallen but also to convene the foreign lands are rooted in the events at The TPDF Band at the Dakawa Settlement cemetery, Morogoro Region of both South Africa and Tanzania. of OR Tambo in recognition of the role surrounding villagers to a great occasion home! d

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GLOBE AT A GLIMPSE GLOBE AT A GLIMPSE

Celebrating 100 years of the ANC - Minister Sexwale’s visit to Buenos Aires International Solidarity

mongst a whole host of nations that He is currently the chairperson of to Ambassador “high appreciation” for supported the liberation struggle the Chicago Midwest Centenary South Africa and its leadership role in the Aof the people of South Africa, the Coordinating Committee. recent COP 17 Climate Change talks on US was one of the most significant. The The activation of the Chicago Durban. founding of TransAfrica, in the seventies Midwest Centenary Coordinating On 28 January, Ambassador and Mrs in Washington DC, was more than a Committee is significant and points Leon led the group on a tour of Buenos historic event given the solidarity action to the continuing solidarity that South Aires, where after a luncheon was hosted that resulted. Ultimately, the Free South Africa enjoys with the people of this by Minister Sexwale on behalf of the Africa Movement evolved. There are many region. Complimenting the ANC diplomatic couple. The Minister later joined examples of connectedness and unity Centenary celebration programme, the expedition, called Destination: Reality between the Civil Rights Movement and as espoused by the ANC in South 2012, as a guest of the Climate Reality the South African struggle for freedom and Africa, the Committee has lined up Ambassador NP Magaqa with Ms. Vickie Casanova, project founder and chairperson, former human dignity. a number of events in Chicago, some of Attorney Stan Willis, Honorary Consul Alderman Joe US Vice President Al Gore. The expedition The people of Chicago and the Midwest which have already taken place: Davis, Mrs. Magugu Davis, Ambassador Magaqa, was aimed at resolving doubts about the Consul General, Professor Harold Rogers, Ms. Nicole Minister Tokyo Sexwale meets DIRCO officials in Buenos Aires: From Left to Right: Mr M Pather demonstrated remarkable solidarity with The January 8 event at Trinity United Lee, Executive Director of TransAfrica and Dr. Rachel (CSM); Mr MAB Mtilwa (Counsellor: Political); Ms L Legotlo (Third Secretary: Administration); seriousness of climate change and the the people of South Africa by mobilising Church of Christ Rubin, of the University of Illinois at Chicago Ambassador AJ Leon crisis facing the world. The climate change through academic institutions, legal bodies, The Roosevelt University presentations expedition team consisted of global civic organisations and particularly through on the history of the ANC and the struggling celebration of solidarity with the workers n the occasion of a visit to Argentina in Buenos Aires on his way to the Antarctica scientists, business people, philanthropists, faith- based communities in the Midwest. masses of South Africa of South Africa will take place in Chicago. by the Human Settlements Minister on the week end of 27 to 29 January 2012. artists and global decision makers to the The senior ANC leaders that came to the The United African Organisation film A range of local celebratory activities will OTokyo Sexwale, Ambassador Tony The Minister and delegation was met upon Antarctic. The 116-strong group departed Midwest on various occasions included screening of “Have you heard from cover the remainder of the year 2012. Leon hosted a mini reception at the official arrival on 27 January by Ambassador who for the Antarctica from Ushuaia in Chile our cherished former President, comrade Johannesburg?” and panel discussion and As a lasting tribute to the deceased residence on 6 February 2012. Minister provided a briefing on the current political aboard the National Geographic Explorer Nelson Mandela and the late comrades the The Hugh Masekela Concert activists and members of the liberation Sexwale and his family were in Buenos economy of Argentina and accompanied on January 29 and returned on February 5 Chris Hani and Alfred Nzo. Key among The month of March will highlight the struggle, a plaque is being negotiated with Aires en route to South Africa following their the Minister to a reception hosted in where consequent to this a reception was the participants in the Anti-apartheid ANC archives existing in institutions of the City of Chicago, to be placed at an participation in a climate change expedition honour of former US Vice President AlGore hosted by Ambassador and Mrs Michal Movement, were the likes of Professor learning here in the Midwest, culminating appropriate location in the city. to the Antarctica on 29 January to 05 by Ms Vilma Martinez, US Ambassador to Leon. d Harold Rogers, who played a major role as in an archives function in Chicago, to For the Mission’s Freedom Day series, February. Minister Sexwale had a stopover Argentina. Vice President Gore expressed Issued by the South African Embassy in Buenos Aires the spokesperson for the African National be hosted by Michigan State University. the theme of International Solidarity has Congress in Chicago from 1972-1993. During the month of May a significant been adopted. d Trade relations between Bulgaria and the Berlin Film Festival Republic of South Africa are developing rapidly

outh Africa has a long history of film production and is among the he Ambassador of the Republic of Soldest film industries in the world. South Africa H.E. Sheila Camerer In celebration of the South African aims to facilitate meaningful exchange Tvisited the Bulgarian Chamber of participation in the 62nd Film Festival between African filmmaking talents, Commerce and Industry (BCCI) to introduce Berlinale in Berlin, the Embassy of the generating experience and opportunities the newly appointed Consul Political The Ambassador Republic of South Africa hosted a reception for participants and also empower new and Economic Advisor Boiki Motloung to of the Republic of South Africa H.E. in cooperation with Talent Campus Berlin film makers in Africa. the management of the Chamber. Sheila Camerer Ambassador H.E. Makhenkesi Stofile, with and the South African Department of Trade Amongst the guests at the reception During the meeting, the significant visited BCCI to filmmaker Christopher Bisset, Daniel Franz from introduce the newly and Industry. were filmmakers from the African continent youmeokay and Producer Manuel Kinzer from growth of trade turnover between Bulgaria appointed Consul Filmgestalten The short film, “Five ways to kill a man” like Akin Omotoso, whose film “Man on and the Republic of South Africa was Political and Eco- which is one of the five finalists for the Ground” is shown at the Berlinale as well productions with international companies noted. nomic Advisor Boiki Today Award by South African filmmaker as representatives of the South African result in the direct investment of millions of In the first ten months of 2011 it amounted Motloung to the management of the Christopher Bisset was shown to around film industry. Rands into the economy. to 109.2 million USD. Chamber 180 guests. South Africa has a vibrant and South Africa has signed co-production Bulgarian exports also increased Peter Rorvik, Director of the Durban growing film industry that is increasingly treaties with four countries including significantly in comparison to previous has four seasons, good resorts with One of them will be an economic event International Film Festival, introduced competitive internationally. The South Germany and the event hosted at the periods. Last year Bulgaria exported excellent medical and sanitary base, and aiming to present the progress of South the 5th Talent Campus Durban to be African Government has identified the film Embassy also aims to further strengthen mainly petroleum oils, copper rods, electric affordable prices. Ambassador Camerer African economy and the business held in cooperation with the Berlinale industry as a sector with excellent potential the cooperation between Germany and batteries, metal articles, and fruit, etc.a said that in 2012 the two countries will opportunities the country provides. BCCI Talent Campus from 20 – 24 July 2012 for growth. The benefits of the burgeoning South Africa in this field. The interest of South Africa to the celebrate the 20th anniversary of the will assist the Embassy in organising during the 33rd Durban International film industry to South Africa are clear, it The moderator for the evening was Ms possibilities and conditions provided by establishment of their diplomatic relations. the event. Mr. Motloung presented the Film Festival. Under this year’s theme currently employs around 30 000 people. It Bärbel Mauch, producer and founder of the Bulgarian tourist market has increased, On this occasion many events will be latest data of the South African Trade and of “Africa Superimposed,” the festival further generates foreign exchange as co- Bärbel Mauch Films. d especially due to the fact that our country organised in Bulgaria. Investment Agency. d

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