Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District, Georgia

European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+)

Result 2

SURFACE WATER MONITORING IN THE KHRAMI-DEBED RIVER BASIN DISTRICT, GEORGIA

April 2021

Beneficiaries

National Environmental Agency (NEA) Responsible EU member state consortium project leader

Alexander Zinke, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Georgia

Zurab Jincharadze, Project Representative of the EU Member State Consortium in Georgia (GE) Responsible international thematic lead expert

Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Authors

Georg Wolfram, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniel Trauner, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Gabriele Vincze, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniela Csar, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Christian Pichler-Scheder, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Elisabeth Sigmund, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Peggy Macaigne, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT)

Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is im- plemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Member States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the In- ternational Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The program is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picar- die Water Agency.

This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries.

This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.

Imprint

Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de l’Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, France

Responsible IOW Communication Officer: Ms Chloé Déchelette [email protected]

April 2021

Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

CONTENTS

1 Executive summary ...... 7 2 Introduction ...... 8 2.1 WFD monitoring requirements ...... 8 3 Current surface water monitoring situation ...... 10 3.1 Chemical Monitoring ...... 10 3.2 Biological Monitoring ...... 12 3.3 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ...... 13 4 Monitoring results ...... 15 4.1 Chemical Status ...... 15 4.2 Ecological Status ...... 15 4.3 Hydro-morphological Status ...... 18 5 Recommended surface water monitoring ...... 19 5.1 Measures to improve the surface water monitoring ...... 19 5.2 Chemical Monitoring ...... 19 5.3 Biological Monitoring ...... 22 5.4 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ...... 24 5.5 Investigative Monitoring ...... 25 5.6 Monitoring Costs ...... 25 6 References ...... 27 7 Annex 1 ...... 28

3 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

List of Tables Table 1: Overview of current chemical monitoring in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 13)...... 10 Table 2: Overview of existing biological monitoring in rivers in the Khrami-Debed RBD (EUWI+, 2019b; 2020b)...... 12 Table 3: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in rivers and reservoirs of the Khrami-Debed RBD (see also Figure 1)...... 14 Table 4: Categories of ecological classification...... 15 Table 5: Ecological Status of SWB based on the new ESCS for macroinvertebrates...... 17 Table 6: Hydro-morphological sampling sites including hydro-morphological status ...... 18 Table 7: Overview of recommended surveillance and operational monitoring in rivers and lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15, Table 16, Table 17, Table 20) ...... 19 Table 8: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 20 Table 9: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 22 Table 10: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 23 Table 11: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 24 Table 12: Overview of proposed hydrological monitoring in standing waters of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 25 Table 13: Current water quality monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 28 Table 14: Complete list of SWB “at risk” in the Khrami-Debed RBD. WW = Domestic wastewater, D = diffuse sources from agriculture, WA = water abstraction, HydLF = hydrological alterations – low flow, HydRes = hydrological alterations – reservoir, HydMorph = hydrological alternations – changed planform / channel pattern, LF = illegal landfills ...... 28 Table 15: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 30 Table 16: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 30 Table 17: Recommended operational monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 30 Table 18: Proposal for new or restored hydrological monitoring sites in river of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 30 Table 19: Actual capacities of the Laboratories for measuring the priority substances that are listed by the EU WFD and associated directes for surface water monitoring ...... 31 Table 20: Proposal for operational monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD. . 33 Table 21: Overview of parameters in the chemical monitoring in the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 33 Table 22: Ecological status and confidence categories for all river SWB in the Khrami-Debed RBD. . 33

List of Figures Figure 1: Surface water quality monitoring sites of NEA in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 11 Figure 2: Ecological classification of SWB in the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 16 Figure 3: Left: Relative proportion of ecological status classes of river SWB in the Khrami-Debed RBD, including 12 HMWB and 39 AWB without any classification (H = high status, G-H = good to high status, G = good status, M = medium status, M-B = medium to bad status, P = poor status, B = bad status, na = not available). Right: Relative proportion of different classes of classification confidence (Table 4). Lakes (1 natural) not included...... 17 Figure 4: Recommended monitoring sites for water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD...... 21

4 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

5 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Abbreviations AWB ...... Artificial Water Body

BOD5 ...... Biochemical Oxygen 5-days Demand BQE ...... Biological Quality Elements COD ...... Chemical Oxygen Demand CIS ...... Common Implementation Strategy EaP ...... Eastern Partnership ENPI ...... European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument EC ...... European Commission EPIRB ...... Environmental Protection of International River Basins EQS ...... Environmental Quality Standard ESCS ...... Ecological Status Classification System EU ...... European Union EUWI+ ...... European Union Water Initiative Plus HMWB ...... Heavily Modified Water Bodies HYMO ...... Hydro-morphology/hydro-morphological IOWater/OIEau .... International Office for Water, France OECD ...... Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development MAC ...... Maximum Allowable Concentration PAH ...... Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon PCB ...... Polychlorinated Biphenyl PS ...... Priority Substances RBD ...... River Basin District RBMP ...... River Basin Management Plan RBSP ...... River Basin Specific Pollutants SW ...... Surface Water SWB ...... Surface Water Body UBA ...... Umweltbundesamt GmbH, Environment Agency Austria UNECE ...... United Nations Economic Commission for Europe WFD ...... Water Framework Directive

Country Specific Abbreviations Georgia MEPA ...... Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture NEA ...... National Environmental Agency

6 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This EUWI+ technical report about surface water monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (RBD) of Georgia gives an overview of the status quo of the monitoring situation in the country and specifically the catchment. It also contains recent monitoring results and recommendations how to improve the monitoring programme to further converge to the standards of the EU Water Framework Directive. According to the WFD, the status of surface water bodies is determined by the poorer of its ecological status and its chemical status. To assess chemical and ecological status of water bodies, monitoring programmes are required. This report is structured into 1) chemical monitoring: including priority substances, physico-chemical parameters, river basin specific pollutants; 2) biological monitoring: including Biological Quality Elements (BQE); and 3) hydro-morphological monitoring (WFD supporting element). During EUWI+, a milestone to improve biological monitoring was made by developing an Ecological Status Classification System (ESCS) based on benthic invertebrates. Additional BQEs need to be added over the next years. This document presents the assessed ecological status of the Alazani-Iori RBD based on benthic invertebrates, as well as the results from a EUWI+ hydro-morphological survey. Together with the new River Basin Management Plan and the EUWI+ Monitoring Development Plan, this document states a recommended monitoring frequency of BQE and parameters for surveillance and operational monitoring programmes.

7 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

2 INTRODUCTION

The Report on Surface Water Monitoring was developed as a background document for the new River Basin Management Plan (RBMP) for the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (RBD) which was developed within EUWI+. The RBMP was written by national experts considering the information collected and presented in this document, which provided the groundwork for the RBMP monitoring chapter. This report is intended as a record of the exact recommendations made by EUWI+ experts, as the content may slightly differ from the finalised RBMP. For additional guidance and a step by step outline for improvement of the national biological monitoring situation, see also the Surface Water Monitoring Development Plan (EUWI+, 2020d). This report describes the current Surface Water (SW) monitoring situation of Georgia in the Khrami- Debed RBD. It gives an overview on existing monitoring results, and makes recommendations to improve SW monitoring. Monitoring results, from surveillance and/or operational monitoring shall be used to define the status of water bodies while results are compared to the respective environmental objectives. Concerning surface water bodies, monitoring should include measurements of chemical, biological, physico-chemical and hydro-morphological parameters. Continuing the tradition of the water quality monitoring in Georgia, the description of the general physico- chemical parameters is included in the sub-sections on chemical monitoring: these are supporting elements for the ecological classification according to the Water Framework Directive (WFD; Directive 2000/60/EC). Development of the state policy in the sphere of water protection and use as well as the adoption of legislative acts concerning water use and protection and control is the responsibility of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture of Georgia. Implementation of water monitoring and assessment of the water quality of inland and coastal waters, as well as provision meteorological and geo-morphological observations, and maintenance of respective records is responsibility of National Environment Agency (NEA) of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Agriculture (MEPA). The Hydro-Meteoro- logical Department of NEA is responsible for the hydro-morphological monitoring.

2.1 WFD monitoring requirements

Article 8 of the WFD (Directive 2000/60/EC) establishes monitoring programmes for monitoring of the surface water status. The monitoring network shall be designed as to provide a coherent and compre- hensive overview of ecological and chemical status within each river basin and shall permit the classification of surface waterbodies according to Annex V WFD. Good ecological and good chemical status have to be achieved and ensured for all surface water bodies. For those Water Bodies (WB) identified as heavily modified (HMWB) or artificial (AWB), good ecological potential and good chemical status have to be achieved and ensured. WFD compliant monitoring results provide the baseline to initiate measures, and serve the validation of the pressure analysis. Ecological status of SWB is based on biological quality elements (phytoplankton, macrophytes, phytobenthos, macroinvertebrates and fish) and supporting physico-chemical (nutrients, oxygen condition, temperature, transparency, salinity), as well as river basin specific pollutants, and hydro-morphological quality elements (Annex V WFD). A good chemical status of SWB requires all concentrations of priority substances to stay below the thresholds of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) listed in the Priority Substances Directive 2013/39/EU.Two groups of chemical compounds are relevant for the chemical monitoring according to the WFD, the Priority Substances (PS) and River Basin Specific Pollutants (RBSP). River Basin Specific

8 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Pollutants are selected based on the pressure and impact analysis. They are defined as chemicals that are discharged in significant quantities into surface water bodies. The Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) for Priority Substances are established by the European Commission (EC), whereas the EQS for specific pollutants are established by each country itself. The chemical status of water bodies is assessed by comparing the concentrations of PS with the EQS set by the EC. RBSP are supporting the biological elements and used for the ecological status classification. Surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring programmes shall be established. They are to be supplemented by monitoring programmes required for Protected Areas registered under Article 6 WFD. Surveillance monitoring shall provide information for - supplementing and validating the impact assessment; - the design of future monitoring programmes; - the assessment of long-term changes in natural conditions and long-term changes resulting from widespread anthropogenic activity. Operational monitoring shall be undertaken in order to - establish the status of those waterbodies identified as being at risk of failing to meet their environmental objectives; - assess any changes in the status of such bodies resulting from the programmes of measures. Investigative monitoring shall be carried out - where the reason for any exceedances is unknown; - where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established; - to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. The extent of the monitoring programmes depends on the numbers of water bodies delineated, the extent of, and variability in, impacts on the water environment and the degree to which the characteristics of, and range of pressures on, water bodies allow them to be grouped. For more details on surveillance, operational, investigative monitoring, and how to select sites see the Georgian Monitoring Development Plan (EUWI+, 2020d). For details on investigative monitoring refer to the Background and Concept Paper for Investigative Monitoring (EUWI+, 2020g).

9 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

3 CURRENT SURFACE WATER MONITORING SITUATION

The previous and current SW monitoring system in the Khrami-Debed RBD has always had a clear focus on water quality, while other pressures such as hydro-morphological alterations were considered only to a minor extent. However, long-term hydrological monitoring data are available for rivers. Georgia is working on establishing a WFD-compliant monitoring network, where a focus on biological monitoring is needed. The current water quality network has no division into surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring as foreseen in the WFD.

3.1 Chemical Monitoring

Rivers Up-to-date data on water quality in the rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD is scarce and incomplete. The National Environment Agency (NEA) currently maintains only 5 water quality monitoring sites in the Khrami-Debed basin. In the Khrami basin there are 4 stations for water quality monitoring (Red Bridge, Imiri, Nakhiduri, Khrami HPP), and 1 station is situated on the Debed River at Sadakhlo (Table 1, Annex 1 Table 13). Since there is no regular monitoring, there is currently no information about the general situation of water quality. The monitoring is carried out either monthly or quarterly (EUWI+, 2020h). Finally, several new sites were investigated at specific surveys during EPIRB and EUWI+ project (Table 1).

Table 1: Overview of current chemical monitoring in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 13).

Quality Element / Group of No. of No. of No. of Parameters Frequency Sites Frequency Sites Frequency Sites NEA EPIRB EUWI+ General physico-chemical 6–12x / year 5 1-3x / year 9 1-2x 16 parameters Priority pollutants (selected 6–12x / year 5 – – – – heavy metals) Other pollutants (selected 6–12x / year 5 – – – – heavy metals)

10 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Figure 1: Surface water quality monitoring sites of NEA in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Parameters Within the framework of the National Water Quality Monitoring programme, mainly physico-chemical parameters are analysed (see Annex 1 Table 21). Monitoring of concrete organic substances, such as PAH, PCB, pesticides and others, is not conducted within the framework of the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme. Georgia uses maximum allowable concentrations (MAC) for fishery water bodies for assessment of the surface water regarding micropollutants (heavy metals and organic micropollutants such as pesticides, synthetic pollutants etc.). This system is largely based on the one in place during the Soviet Union era. The list comprises only a fraction of the ‘Priority substances and certain other pollutants’ of the Directive 2013/39/EU. There is deviation of environmental quality standards (EQS) for these parameters in the two both lists.

11 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Lakes There is one natural lake in the Khrami-Debed RBD (Lake Bareti, 100 ha; SWB Bar01). In addition, there are 2 reservoirs: Tsalka and Algeti reservoir (assigned as HMWB). The surface area of Tsalka reservoir is approximately 33.6 km², and Algeti reservoir is < 1 km². Currently, chemical monitoring is conducted in none of these standing waters of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

3.2 Biological Monitoring

Rivers Currently there is no regular biological monitoring (EUWI+, 2019a). However, biological surveys have been carried out during projects in the recent years (EU Tacis project KURA-II 2008-2011, EU ENPI project KURA-III 2012, EPIRB project 2013-2016, EUWI+ project 2016-2020). Biological sampling sites in EPIRB and EUWI+ were the same as for physico-chemical parameters (see Table 1, Annex 1 Table 13). Parameters The surveys of EPIRB were restricted to the Biological Quality Element (BQE) macroinvertebrates. Alt- hough first steps to identify reference conditions and define class boundaries for selected river types were made during the EPIRB project, there was no official WFD compliant classification system for this BQE available. The surveys during EUWI+ also focused on macroinvertebrates (EUWI+, 2019b; 2020b). A major step towards WFD compliant biological monitoring was achieved during the project by development of an Ecological Status Classification System ESCS for macroinvertebrates (EUWI+, 2020c). Ad- ditionally a guidance for transboundary monitoring with Georgia was improved and tested in 2020 during the project (EUWI+, 2020i). The metrics used for assessing benthic invertebrates were calculated with the Asterics software during the EPIRB project and included BMWP (The Biological Monitoring Working Party Score), BBI (Belgian Biotic Indes), IBE (extended biotic index, derives from the Trent Biotic Index), EPT taxa and diversity index according to Margalef. The method newly developed within the EUWI+ project resembles this approach but includes ASPT and EPT% and excludes BBI and IBE (EUWI+, 2020c).

Table 2: Overview of existing biological monitoring in rivers in the Khrami-Debed RBD (EUWI+, 2019b; 2020b).

Quality Element / Parameter Data Source No. of Sites Frequency Benthic invertebrates Previous Projects 11 1–3 campaigns per (KURA-II, KURA-III, year EPIRB) EUWI+ biological SW 9 1 campaign per year survey 2018 EUWI+ biological SW 10 1 campaign per year survey 2019

Lakes (Reservoirs) Currently there is no regular biological monitoring in the reservoirs of the Khrami-Debed RBD (EUWI+, 2019a). There are also no data available from previous projects with WFD compliant surveys, specific reasearch projects or fisheries.

12 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

3.3 Hydro-morphological Monitoring

Although the Khrami-Debed river basin is subject to strong anthropogenic impacts, the available information on hydro-morphological changes is insufficient. During the last 60 years the rivers have under- gone considerable changes by the impact of anthropogenic influence. For the recently conducted delineation of SWB, remote sensing using satellite images was used. It enabled the mapping of natural and modified surface waters. However, it should be noted that the ac- curacy of this method might vary depending on the satellite image resolution, availability of historical maps/data and the experience of the responsible expert. In a second step, actual fieldwork was done to confirm selected mapped sites. Rivers Historically, as much as 470 hydrological stations were operating in Georgia at different times. The existing hydrological network of Georgia was created in the 1960/1970ies based on topographic maps. At this time, up to 150 stations were operating simultaneously. In the 1990ies – after the collapse of the Soviet Union – the monitoring network was reduced to 5–7 stations. Since the turn of the century, the rehabilitation of the monitoring network started (EUWI+, 2020h). Currently, 38 out of 59 automatic water level measuring stations in Georgia are in working order. In addition, 9 non-automatic water level measuring stations are in operation. Thus, in total there are 68 water level measuring stations in Georgia. At each cross-section the discharge is usually measured 10- 12 times per year. In 2019, the frequency increased to up to 20-22 measurements per year. In the Khrami-Debed RBD, up to 30 hydrological stations were operating at different times. Currently there is only one functioning non-automatic and four automatic water level measuring stations, located on the Mashavera River at Kazreti and Bolnisi, Ktsia-Khrami River at Edikilisa and Imiri and Bolnisistkhali River at Khatissopeli. Water discharge is measured at these stations except Bolnisistskhali (Figure 1). Until recently, the hydro-morphological monitoring was restricted to quantitative hydrological aspects. Morphological parameters started to be monitored during the EPIRB and EUWI+ projects. Based on a training on hydro-morphological description and classification, a hydro-morphological survey was carried out in a sub-basin of the Khrami-Debed RBD in September 2019. As part of an EUWI+ sampling campaign, experts chose representative sections of rivers in the RBD and assessed the sites in regards to their hydro-morphology (EUWI+, 2020a).

Parameters The hydrological data have been used for general description of quantity, but not for classification; thus, information on small impoundments, water abstraction etc. are not covered by the monitoring. This information is however available from separate surveys and from analyses of high-resolution satellite images. During the EUWI+ hydro-morphological survey the following parameters were used to characterize the sites: - Catchment area - Distance to source - Mean river slope at site - Morphology of cross section, banks, channel form, river valley - Transversal barriers - Land cover/use in riparian zone/floodplain - Geology, soil types, Topography - Mean annual discharge

13 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 3: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in rivers and reservoirs of the Khrami- Debed RBD (see also Figure 1).

Quality element / group of parameters frequency no. of sites rivers reservoirs Hydrology: Water level 24x/day 5 – (measurements per hand) Hydrology: Discharge At least 1 per 4 – month

Lakes Until now, no monitoring of standing waters (Lake Bareti, 2 reservoirs) has been carried out in the Khrami-Debed RBD.

14 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

4 MONITORING RESULTS

4.1 Chemical Status

Rivers Up-to-date data on water quality in the rivers of this catchment basin are scarce and incomplete because of the lack of effective water quality monitoring network. This makes it difficult to discuss water quality and discharge of wastewater into water bodies. The continuous monitoring of water in the Khrami and Debed rivers showed no significant change in water quality during the last 5 years, however, ammonia often exceed the MAC, which might be caused by uncontrolled discharge of untreated wastewater in the rivers. Based on pressure data the rivers Khrami, Debed and their tributaries are mainly polluted with organic substances, biogenic substances from untreated wastewater, as well as by legal and illegal dumping sites, drainage and storm water, and water used in copper and gold mining, which causes the main pollution problem in the Khrami-Debed basin. Industrial wastewater discharge significantly affects the water quality, especially from copper and gold mines in Bolnisi. For example, near copper deposits, studies of the Kazretula River have shown that concentrations of copper, zinc, cadmium and sulphate ions exceeded the allowed. Detailed data on wastewater discharge from mining activities is presented in the risk assessment chapter of the Khrami- Debed River Basin Management Plan (RBMP; EUWI+, 2020f)”. The many pressures lead to several SWB being affected by point or diffuse sources of pollution or hydrological impacts. The SWB at risk are listed in Annex 1 Table 14. Lakes There is only one natural lake >50 ha in the Khrami-Debed RBD; 2 reservoirs are defined as HMWB. None of these have been investigated so far and no assessment of chemical status is available.

4.2 Ecological Status

Rivers According to the WFD, the assessment of the ecological status is based on biological data and ecological status classification systems (ESCS). Supporting elements are physico-chemical, hydro-morphological parameters and specific pollutants. A WFD compliant ecological status classification system (ESCS) for macroinvertebrates in rivers was introduced by EUWI+ (EUWI+, 2020c).In order to give an overview of the confidence of the ecological status of river SWB in Georgia, four categories were defined and are listen in Table 4:

Table 4: Categories of ecological classification

Category Classification Confidence A Based on biological data using the proposal for a new WFD compliant ESCS High B Based on pressure data (also by using maps or orthophotos) Medium C Based on risk assessment Low D Currently no classification possible –

15 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Unless additional information was available, the following classification was done based on the risk assessment (with low confidence): - SWB not at risk  “High – Good” - SWB possibly at risk  “Good – Moderate” - SWB at risk  “Moderate – Bad” The results of the recent hydro-morphological classification of the Khrami-Debed RBD have not yet been incorporated into the ecological status classification system. Risk assessment data for water abstraction and physical alterations were used to exclude high status, representing the most detailed classification possible at the moment. Table 5 lists SWB classified based on biological macroinvertebrate data using the newly developed ESCS. Annex 1 Table 22 lists all SWB classified following the four categories of confidence. Figure 2 shows a map with the classification results.

Figure 2: Ecological classification of SWB in the Khrami-Debed RBD.

16 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Figure 3: Left: Relative proportion of ecological status classes of river SWB in the Khrami-Debed RBD, including 12 HMWB and 39 AWB without any classification (H = high status, G-H = good to high status, G = good status, M = medium status, M-B = medium to bad status, P = poor status, B = bad status, na = not available). Right: Relative proportion of different classes of classification confidence (Table 4). Lakes (1 natural) not included.

Table 5: Ecological Status of SWB based on the new ESCS for macroinvertebrates.

SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Ecological Status Category of confidence

GE_Alg111 Algeti Algeti 2 A GE_Alg117 Algeti Algeti 3 A

GE_Deb201 Khrami Debed 2 A

GE_Deb202 Khrami Debed 2 A

GE_Khr103 Khrami Ktsia 3 A

GE_Khr113 Khrami Khrami 2 A

GE_Khr119 Khrami Khrami 2 A

GE_Khr129 Khrami Khrami 2 A GE_Khr130 Khrami Khrami 2 A

GE_Kld202 Khrami Kldeisi 1 A

GE_Mas201 Khrami Mashavera 1 A

GE_Mas203 Khrami Mashavera 1 A

GE_Mas209 Khrami Mashavera 2 A

GE_Mas213 Khrami Mashavera 3 A

GE_Mas216 Khrami Mashavera 3 A

Lakes So far, no classification of ecological status or potential is available for lakes and reservoirs in the Khrami-Debed RDB.

17 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

4.3 Hydro-morphological Status

The hydro-morphological status was assessed at 10 sampling sites in the Khrami-Debed RBD (with 5 point system in accordance with the requirements of the WFD), are based on the assessment of parameters mentioned in chapter 3.3. For the hydro-morphological status, see Table 6 below with the first survey results (EUWI+, 2020a). To summarize, human anthropogenic interference is felt in the studied river basins. Due to the construction of irrigation systems and hydropower plants, river basins have changed significantly from their natural state.

Table 6: Hydro-morphological sampling sites including hydro-morphological status

HYMO Site No. Basin River Site Status Latitude Longitude

SW2-KHR 05 Khrami-Debed Algeti Algeti Marneuli 2,3 41° 28.669' 44° 49.069' SW2-KHR 04 Khrami-Debed Algeti Algeti Tbisi 1,3 41° 34.734' 44° 34.697' SW2-KHR 10 Khrami-Debed Debeda Debeda Zemo Sarali 2,7 41° 19.488' 44° 49.862' SW2-KHR 03 Khrami-Debed Khrami Khrami down the Chatakhi 1,2 41° 27.820' 44° 14.266' SW2-KHR 02 Khrami-Debed Khrami Khrami kramhesi up stream 3,4 41° 33.057' 44° 7.445' SW2-KHR 01 Khrami-Debed Khrami Khrami Kushi 1,4 41° 36.789' 43° 54.159' SW2-KHR 09 Khrami-Debed Khrami Khrami near village Tamarisi 2,4 41° 26.631' 44° 42.928' SW2-KHR 08 Khrami-Debed Mashavera Mashavera KzreTi 1,9 41° 23.830' 44° 25.151' SW2-KHR 07 Khrami-Debed Mashavera Mashavera Mashavera 1,5 41° 20.852' 44° 21.659' SW2-KHR 06 Khrami-Debed Mashavera Mshavera down the Dmanisi 1,2 41° 19.858' 44° 14.489'

18 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

5 RECOMMENDED SURFACE WATER MONITORING

5.1 Measures to improve the surface water monitoring

During recent years within the EUWI+ project, a signifiant improvement through training and procure- ment of equipment necessary for chemical and biological monitoring could be achieved. The following measures will be undertaken to further develop and improve the monitoring system in Georgia: - Establishment of WFD compliant monitoring programmes (surveillance, operational, and investigative monitoring) to assess the chemical and ecological status of surface waters - Implementation of the requirements of the ISO EN 17025 - New equipment and training for continuous maintenance of equipment - Internal and external training of staff, following an agreed training plan - Collection of chemical and biological data in a central database - Survey of further biological quality elements (BQE) in addition to macro-invertebrates and diatoms, with the goal to create a basis for the development of WFD compliant ESCS for all BQE - Expansion of the hydro-morphological survey on other sub-basins of the Khrami-Debed RBD - Investigate concentrations of priority pollutants according to WFD standards in surface waters, sediment, or biota, and adopt methods into national monitoring. - Performing an intercalibration exercise for biological, chemical and hydro-morphological parameters and an evaluation of existing ESCS by performing a joint survey at transboundary rivers for (e.g. Debed: Armenia and Georgia) - Implementation and evaluation of the measures for improvement as specified in the survey reports of EUWI+

5.2 Chemical Monitoring

Rivers A proposal for monitoring sites was discussed at a regional workshop on 18th and 19th November 2019 and thereafter (Annex 1 Table 15, Table 16, Table 17). It comprises of 7 river and 2 lake surveillance sites, and 6 river and 1 lake operational monitoring sites (Table 7). Surveillance and operational monitoring sites should be selected based on the procedure outlined in the monitoring development plan (EUWI+, 2020d). Additionally, investigative sites will be conducted if the need arises (EUWI+, 2020g).

Table 7: Overview of recommended surveillance and operational monitoring in rivers and lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15, Table 16, Table 17, Table 20)

RBD SW Type Surveillance Sites Operational Sites

Khrami- Rivers 7 6 Debed Lakes 2 1

19 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Parameters Distinct surveillance, operational and investigative monitoring needs to be be designed and carried out based on the pressure analysis and risk assessment. In general, it is first recommended to further converge towards the EU Water Framework Directive and monitor the parameters that are required regarding both specific pollutants and priorities substances, even if they are currently not monitored in the country. These include pesticides, dioxines, PAH and PCB (for more details, see Table 19). Considering the importance of the agricultural sector in the country, it is recommended to also monitor pesticides in surface water. In addition to the monitoring of priority substances, specific pollutants should be identified and selected according to the pressure and risk analysis (see risk assessment chapter in the RBMP; EUWI+, 2020f). This should include, among others, substances emerging from domestic and industrial wastewater, especially from mines, and tailing dams. It is recommended to sample all chemical parameters at surveillance sites 12 times over the course of one year in rivers, once within the 6-year RBMP cycle. Concerning chemical operational monitoring in rivers, general physico-chemical parame-ters should be sampled 12x as well as priority substances and specific pollutants suspected by the risk assessment. Operational monitoring should be conducted within any two years of the RBMP cycle (Table 8).

Table 8: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency: General Physico- Chemical Parameters To be executed Chemical 12x within the selected within any of the Surveillance Rivers River Basin-Specific year of the RBMP cycle 6 years of the Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances General Physico- 12x within the selected To be executed Chemical Parameters year of the RBMP cycle Chemical within any 2 Operational Rivers River Basin-Specific -* years of the 6 Monitoring Pollutants years RMBP cycle Priority Substances -* * If the risk assessment finds the SWB to be affected by point source or diffuse pollution, chemical analysis of the suspected substances should also be conducted. – Rivers: 12x; Lakes: 6x.

20 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Figure 4: Recommended monitoring sites for water quality monitoring in rivers and lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Lakes (incl. Reservoirs) It is suggested to conduct surveillance monitoring at the only natural lake in the RBD. In addition, the Tsalka reservoirs (heavily modified river water bodies) should be included in the surveillance monitoring of standing waters as well. The Algeti Reservoir is suggested as new operational monitoring site (Annex 1 Table 16 & Table 20). In terms of chemical monitoring, the goal of good chemical status applies to natural WB, as well as HMWB or AWB. Parameters Parameters for surveillance sites should be the same as for rivers. Parameters for operational monitoring sites are mainly general physico-chemical parameters as also currently included in water quality monitoring. Additional specific pollutants for operational sites should be selected according to the pressure and risk analysis.

21 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

It is recommended to sample general physico-chemical parameters, River Basin-Specific Pollutants (RBSP), and priority substances 6 times over the course of one year, once within the 6-year RBMP cycle. Concerning chemical operational monitoring in lakes (reservoirs), general physico-chemical parameters should be sampled 6 times as well as priority substances and specific pollutants suspected by the risk assessment. Operational monitoring should be conducted within any two years of the RBMP cycle (Table 9). The chemical sampling of general physico-chemical parameters shall be carried out along a vertical depth profile of six layers from surface to above the ground. For priority pollutants in surveillance monitoring and specific pollutants in operational monitoring, 2 sampling depths (epilimnion and hypolimnion) are considered sufficient.

Table 9: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency: General Physico- Chemical Parameters To be executed Chemical 6x within the selected within any of the Surveillance Lakes River Basin-Specific year of the RBMP cycle 6 years of the Monitoring Pollutants RMBP cycle Priority Substances General Physico- 6x within the selected To be executed Chemical Parameters year of the RBMP cycle Chemical within any 2 Operational Lakes River Basin-Specific -* years of the 6 Monitoring Pollutants years RMBP cycle Priority Substances -* * If the risk assessment finds the SWB to be affected by point source or diffuse pollution, chemical analysis of the suspected substances should also be conducted. – Rivers: 12x; Lakes: 6x.

5.3 Biological Monitoring

Rivers Surveillance and operational monitoring sites shall be the same as for the chemical monitoring (Table 7). However, investigative monitoring will mainly focus on chemical aspects and thus will only regard biological if the situation requires it. Parameters Like in the projects of previous years, monitoring will concentrate on macroinvertebrates. This BQE shall be investigated at all monitoring sites of the surveillance and operational monitoring programmes. In addition, at the operational monitoring sites phytobenthos should be included, in order to start developing a data set for a WFD compliant classification method for diatoms. Concerning frequency, benthic invertebrates and phytobenthos will be sampled once within a selected year. Surveillance monitoring is to be executed once within any of the 6 years of the RMBP cycle, and operational monitoring twice within any 2 years of the 6 years RMBP cycle (Table 10). Chemical and

22 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

biological data should be jointly interpreted and therefore preferably sampled on the same occasion. The monitoring of the remaining biological quality elements will be postponed to the next RBMP. Based on data from the EUWI+ project a new WFD compliant ESCS for macro-invertebrates was proposed recently, which shall become the basis for the ecological classification in the future monitoring.

Table 10: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency:

Biological Benthic Invertebrates 1x within the To be executed within Surveillance Rivers selected year of any of the 6 years of Monitoring Phytobenthos (diatoms) the RBMP cycle the RMBP cycle Biological Benthic Invertebrates 1x within the To be executed within Operational Rivers selected year of any 2 years of the 6 Monitoring Phytobenthos (diatoms) the RBMP cycle years RMBP cycle

Lakes (incl. Reservoirs) Biological surveillance and operational monitoring sites for standing waters shall be the same as for the chemical monitoring (see above). As mentioned in Chapter 2.1, the ecological status applies only to natural water bodies. As the suggested monitoring network includes reservoirs and therefore HMWB/AWB, the BQEs and supporting elements in this case relate to determining the ecological potential. However, the available ESCS applies to natural water bodies and assesses the ecological status. A practical framework for defining the good ecological potential is described in the CIS Guidance No 37 (2020). The central function of biological monitoring is the determination of the ecological status, and therefore has priority over the determination of the ecological potential. Parameters It is proposed to start a regular monitoring of phytoplankton, which is commonly considered as the most important BQE to assess trophic impacts on standing waters. It should include chlorophyll-a and a quan- tification of taxonomic composition. In a first phase new data from the monitoring shall be gathered. In a second phase, a classification system shall be developed according to the requirements of the EU CIS Guidance documents on Intercalibration and as exemplarily presented for the ESCS for invertebrates in rivers. Concerning frequency, phytoplankton is recommended to be sampled 6 times over the course of a selceted year. The six samplings in lakes within one year should be distributed over the course of the vegetation period. Surveillance monitoring is to be executed once within any of the 6 years of the RMBP cycle, and operational monitoring twice within any 2 years of the 6 years RMBP cycle (Table 11). Chem- ical and biological data should be jointly interpreted and therefore preferably sampled on the same occasion. Other biological quality elements will be included in the next RBMP (only for surveillance monitoring).

23 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 11: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Quality Elements / Monitoring SWB Group of Parameters Frequency: Biological 6x within the To be executed within Surveillance Lakes Phytoplankton selected year of the any of the 6 years of Monitoring RBMP cycle the RMBP cycle Biological 6x within the To be executed within Operational Lakes Phytoplankton selected year of the any 2 years of the 6 Monitoring RBMP cycle years RMBP cycle

5.4 Hydro-morphological Monitoring

Rivers Hydro-morphology is a supporting element according to the WFD, which comes into effect when differ- entiating between good or high ecological status. While previous hydro-morphological description was carried out at single sites during biological monitoring for contextualizing biological data, future hydro- morphological assessments shall cover larger sections of rivers. A first hydro-morphological campaign in 2019 was the starting point of hydro-morphological mapping in the Khrami-Debed river basin. During the next RBMP cycle, the dataset needs to be increased through additional surveys, to get a more exact picture of the hydro-morphological situation and cover the whole RBD. Therefore, new and un-investigated sites have to be chosen, pre-classified based on historical maps and satellite images, and veri- fied/assessed in the field. Concerning the quantitative hydrological network, several new hydrological stations are necessary in addition to the only operating observation point at the river Mashavera. It is planned to restore 4 hydrological stations, where water levels and discharge will be measured (Ktsia/Khrami at Edikilisa, Ktsia/Khrami at Dagheti, Ktsia/Khrami at Red Bridge, Debed at Sadakhlo; Annex 1 Table 18). Water level – discharge tables or equations should be developed for all hydrological sites. Parameters According to the new training on hydro-morphological description and classification system carried out during the EPIRB and EUWI+ project, all parameters relevant for a WFD compliant assessment shall be covered, viz. the hydrological regime (including the quantity and dynamics of water flow and the connection to groundwater bodies), the river continuity, and the morphological conditions (including river depth and width variation, structure and substrate of the river bed, and structure of the riparian zone).

Lakes (incl. Reservoirs) It is proposed to start a quantitative hydrological monitoring on Lake Bareti as well as on the two reservoirs by measuring water level. A morphological classification of the littoral zone to specify morphological measures to reach the good ecological potential for the two reservoirs is planned for the next RBMP.

24 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 12: Overview of proposed hydrological monitoring in standing waters of the Khrami- Debed RBD.

Quality element / group of parameters Frequency Monitoring sites Water level daily 3 Other parameters – –

5.5 Investigative Monitoring

As outlined in chapter 2.1, investigative monitoring may also be required in specified cases. These are given as:  where the reason for any exceedances (of environmental objectives) is unknown;  where surveillance monitoring indicates that the objectives are not likely to be achieved and operational monitoring has not already been established; or  to ascertain the magnitude and impacts of accidental pollution. Investigative monitoring will thus be designed to the specific case or problem being investigated. In some cases it will be more intensive in terms of monitoring frequencies and focused on particular water bodies or parts of water bodies, and on relevant quality elements. Investigative monitoring might also include alarm or early warning monitoring, for example, for the protection of drinking water intakes against accidental pollution. This type of monitoring could include continuous or semi-continuous measurements of a few chemical (such as dissolved oxygen) and/or biological (such as fish) determinants. Investigative monitoring is an „on demand“ concept addressing specific cases or problems and thus, neither suggestions for sites nor for relevant parameters can be provided in this document. Further information and guidance on investigative monitoring is provided in the “Back- ground and concept paper for Investigative Monitoring” (EUWI+, 2020g). In autumn 2020, an investigative monitoring has been carried out in the EUWI+ project to identify the impact of certain chemical pollutants on surface water bodies in the Iori river basin. The parameters investigated comprise of the standard physico-chemical parameters and various metals. Data and a related report became available in April 2021. Even though this investigation took place in a different RBD, it is relevant for the Khrami-Debed RBD as an important exercise and example for future investigative monitoring campaigns.

5.6 Monitoring Costs

Following estimations represent the costs of the whole six years of an RBMP cycle. As mentioned in Tables Table 8,Table 9,Table 10,Table 11, the 9 surveillance sites will be investigated once per cycle (chemical monitoring 12x / year; biological monitoring in rivers 1x / year, and lakes 6x / year), and the 6 operational monitoring sites will be sampled twice over the six year period (same annual frequency). Taking into account the survey costs of 2018 and 2019 in the EUWI+ project an approximate cost estimation of the surface water monitoring in the Khrami-Debed RBD can be calculated. Considering sampling and analyses of general physico-chemical parameters and all BQE (benthic invertebrates, phytobenthos, phytoplankton) for the proposed surveillance and operational monitoring sites will cost around 28,000 € in this RBMP cycle.

25 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

The estimation for the monitoring of priority pollutants has lower confidence, as the costs were calculated based on a fraction of costs per parameter in Austrian surface water monitoring. Another assumption was that the number of analyzed parameters is 15. Nevertheless, the rough cost estimate is for priority pollutants is around 32,000 € to 50,000 €. The true costs will vary, depending on the number and kind of analyzed parameters.

26 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

6 REFERENCES

EUWI+ Products EUWI+, 2019a. Technical Report “Water Monitoring Assessment Report – Georgia”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/578-water-monitoring-assessment-report- georgia?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2019b. Technical Report “Georgia: Surface Water Survey Report 2018”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/653-georgia-surface-water-survey-report- 2018?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020a. Technical Report “Georgia: Hydromorphological Assessment Report 2019”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/824-georgia-hydromorphological- assessment-report-2019-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020b. Technical Report “Georgia: Surface Water Survey Report 2019”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/830-georgia-surface-water-survey-report- 2019-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020c. Technical Report “Definition of Reference Conditions and Class Boundaries in Rivers of Georgia for the BQE benthic invertebrates”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/1115-georgia-definition-of-reference-conditions-and-class-boundaries-in-rivers-of-georgia-for-the-bqe-benthic-invertebrates-eng?fromsearch=1] EUWI+, 2020d. Technical Report “Surface Water Monitoring Development Plan Georgia”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020e. RBMP “Draft River Basin Management Plan for Alazani-Iori RBD, Georgia”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020f. RBMP “Draft River Basin Management Plan for Khrami-Debed RBD, Georgia”. Availa- ble online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020g. Guidance “Background and concept paper for Investigative Monitoring”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020h. Technical Report “Delineation of Surface Water Bodies in the EUWI+ Pilot Basins of Georgia (Alazani-Iori Basin, Khrami-Debed Basin)”. Available online in English at: [https://euwipluseast.eu/] EUWI+, 2020i. Technical Report “Transboundary Surface Water Survey 2020”. Available online in English at: [https://www.euwipluseast.eu/en/component/k2/item/1679-armenia-georgia-transboundary- surface-water-survey-2020-technical-report-eng?fromsearch=1]

Legislation CIS Guidance No 37, 2020. Steps for defining and assessing ecological potential for improving com- parability of Heavily Modified Water Bodies. EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC). Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 August 2013 amending Di- rectives 2000/60/EC and 2008/105/EC as regards priority substances in the field of water policy Text with EEA relevance. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 226, 24.8.2013, p. 1–1. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 December 2000 establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1–73.

27 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

7 ANNEX 1

Table 13: Current water quality monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

River Name Site Name NEA EPIRB EUWI+

Khrami Red bridge + Khramesi + + Imiri + Nakhiduri + + + Khramhesi qveda (downstream) + Khrami HPP + Chatakhi + Kushchi + Tamarisi + Kazreti Down + Kldeisi Bediani + + Debed Sadakhlo + + Kirovka + Mashavera Didi Dmanisi + + Dmanisi + + Kazreti zeda (upstream) + + Khidiskuri + + Kianeti + + Kazreti qveda (downstream) + Dalari + Algeti Partskhisi + Algeti Marneuli Down +

Table 14: Complete list of SWB “at risk” in the Khrami-Debed RBD. WW = Domestic wastewater, D = diffuse sources from agriculture, WA = water abstraction, HydLF = hydrological alterations – low flow, HydRes = hydrological alterations – reservoir, HydMorph = hydrological alternations – changed planform / channel pattern, LF = illegal landfills

River SWB Code WB Category Main Pressure Algeti Alg117 HMWB D, WW, HydLF Algeti Alg113 NWB D, HydLF, HydVF Algeti Alg114 NWB D, HydVF Algeti Alg116 NWB D, LF, HydLF Algeti Alg112 NWB D, LF, HydLF, HydVF Algeti Alg111 NWB D, LF, HydLF, HydVF Algeti Reservoir Alg110 HMWB HydRes Aslanka Asl205 NWB WA, D, LF, HydLF

28 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

River SWB Code WB Category Main Pressure Bortbort Bor204 NWB D, WA, LF Bunushchay Bun302 NWB D, LF Chiv-Chav Chv205 NWB D, WW, LF Debed Deb202 NWB WA, D, LF, HydLf, HydVF Debed Deb201 NWB WA, D, LF, HydLF, HydRedV Karakliska Kak301 NWB WA, D Khachinchay Kha303 NWB IW, D, WA, LF Khrami Khr110 NWB WA, D, HydLF, HydVF Khrami Khr111 NWB WA, WW, HydLF, HydVF Khrami Khr112 HMWB HydVF, HydLF Khrami Khr113 HMWB D, HydVF, HydLF Khrami Khr130 NWB WA, D, LF, HydVF, HydLF Khrami Khr132 NWB D, LF, HydVF, HydLF Khrami Khr131 NWB D, LF, HydVF, HydLF Khrami Khr129 NWB WA, D, HydVF, HydLF Tsalka Reservoir Khr109 HMWB HydRes Khrami Khr115 HMWB HydVF Khrami Khr116 HMWB HydVF Khrami Khr118 HMWB HydVF Khrami Khr119 HMWB HydVF Khrami Khr120 NWB WA, HydVF Khrami Khr133 NWB D, LF Khrami Khr134 NWB WA, D, LF Khrami Khr117 HMWB HydVF Ktsia Khr103 NWB WA, D, HydLF Mashavera Mas215 NWB WA, D LF, HydLF Mashavera Mas216 NWB D, LF, HydLF Mashavera Mas209 NWB WA, D, LF Mashavera Mas213 NWB WA, D, IW, HydLF Mashavera Mas214 NWB D, WW, LF, HydLF Mashavera Mas211 NWB WW, D, LF Pshani Psh301 NWB D, HydMorph Pshani Psh302 NWB D, HydMorph Khrami Khr114 HMWB (unclear) Kazretii Mdn302 HMWB IW, HydMorph Didi gomareti Kal302 NWB D Iakublo Riv305 NWB WA, D, HydLF

29 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 15: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

River / Sampling site Type HMWB SWB Code Rationale Existing Site Q B R O Algeti / Marneuli XI N Alg117 + exist Debed / Sadakhlo XVI N Deb201 + + exist Khrami / Khramhesi XVI N Khr113 + exist Khrami / Red Bridge XVI N Khr134 + + exist Kldeisi / Bediani VII N Kld202 + exist Mashavera / Dmanisi XII N Mas201 + exist Mashavera / Khidiskuri XVI N Mas216 + + exist

Q = significant rate of water flow; B = near state border; R = candidate for reference site; O = other criteria (e.g. representativeness).

Table 16: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Lake (Reservoir) / Sampling Type HMWB SWB Code Rationale Existing Site site (river) V B R O Bareti Lake / Bareti Lake L III N Bar01 + + new Khrami / Tsalka Reservoir L V Y Khr109 + new

V = significant volume; B = near state border; R = candidate for reference site; O = other criteria (e.g. representativeness)

Table 17: Recommended operational monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

River / Sampling Site Type HMWB SWB Code Existing Site Algeti / Partskhisi XI N Alg111 new Khrami / Khramhesi downstream XVII Y Khr113 exist Khrami / Chatakhi XIII N Khr119 new Khrami / Tamarisi XVI N Khr130 new Khrami / Imiri XVI N Khr131 exist Mashavera / Kazreti downstream XI N Mas213 exist

Table 18: Proposal for new or restored hydrological monitoring sites in river of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

River Hydrological Monitoring Site Ktsia/Khrami Edikilisa (already installed within EUWI+) Ktsia/Khrami Dagheti Ktsia/Khrami Red Bridge Debed Sadakhlo

30 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 19: Actual capacities of the Laboratories for measuring the priority substances that are listed by the EU WFD and associated directes for surface water monitoring

priority priority hazardous Parameter in substance substance Frequency of Scope of [Y/N] Substance name [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] Alachlor yes no 1 x/month no Anthracen yes yes 1 x/month yes Atrazine yes no 1 x/month no Benzene yes no 1 x/month no Brominated Diphenylether (Congeners with numbers 28, 47, yes yes 1 x/month 99, 100, 153 and 154)1 no Cadmium- and Cadmium yes yes 1 x/month compounds yes yes yes yes yes no no 1 x/quarter Carbon tetrachloride no yes yes 1 x/month C10-13 Chloralkanes2 no yes no 1 x/month Chlorfenvinphos no Chlorpyrifos (Chlorpyrifos-Ethyl) yes no 1 x/month no Cyclodien Pestizide: Aldrin yes Dieldrin no no 1 x/quarter yes Endrin yes Isodrin DDT instotal no no 1 x/quarter yes Para-para-DDT no no 1 x/quarter 1,2-Dichlorethane yes no 1 x/month no Dichlormethane yes no 1 x/month no Bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalat (DEHP) yes no 1 x/month Diuron yes no 1 x/month no Endosulfan3 yes yes 1 x/month yes Fluoranthen yes no 1 x/month yes Hexachlorbenzene yes yes 1 x/month no Hexachlorbutadien yes yes 1 x/month no Hexachlorcyclohexan4 yes yes 1 x/month no Isoproturon yes no 1 x/month no Lead and Lead compounds yes no 1 x/month yes Mercury and mercury compounds yes yes 1 x/month yes

31 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

priority priority hazardous Parameter in substance substance Frequency of Scope of [Y/N] Substance name [Y/N] sampling Analysis? [Y/N] Naphthalin yes no 1 x/month yes Nickel- and Nickel compoands yes no 1 x/month yes Nonylphenol (4-Nonylphenol)5 yes yes 1 x/month 4-tert-Octylphenol ((4-(1,1′,3,3′- yes no 1 x/month Tetramethylbutyl)-phenol)) Pentachlorbenzene yes yes 1 x/month no Pentachlorphenol yes no 1 x/month no Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) yes Benzo(a)pyren yes

6 Benzo(b)fluoranthen yes yes 1 x/month yes Benzo(k)fluoranthen6 yes Benzo(g,h,i)-perylen yes Indeno(1,2,3-cd)-pyren yes Simazin yes no 1 x/month no Tetrachloroethylene no no 1 x/quarter no Trichloroethylene no no 1 x/quarter no Tributyltin compounds yes yes 1 x/month (Tributhyltin-cation) Trichlorobenzene7 yes no 1 x/month no Trichlormethane yes no 1 x/month no Trifluralin yes yes 1 x/month no Dicofol yes yes 1 x/month no Perfluoroctanesulfonic acid yes yes 1 x/month (PFOA) and derivatives (PFOS) no Quinoxyfen yes yes 1 x/month no Dioxine and dioxinähnliche yes yes 1 x/month compounds8 no Aclonifen yes no 1 x/month no Bifenox yes no 1 x/month no Cybutryn yes no 1 x/month no Cypermethrin yes no 1 x/month no Dichlorvos yes no 1 x/month no Hexabromocyclododecane yes yes 1 x/month (HBCDD)9 no Heptachlor and yes yes 1 x/month Heptachlorepoxid10 yes Terbutryn yes no 1 x/month no

32 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Table 20: Proposal for operational monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Lake (reservoir) / Sampling site Type HMWB SWB code Existing site (river) Algeti Reservoir – Yes Alg110 No

Table 21: Overview of parameters in the chemical monitoring in the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Parameter group Group n Parameter Relevant for … General phys.- Thermal 1 Water temperature Ecological status chem. conditions

Oxygen regime 2 Oxygen (conc., sat.), BOD5 Ecological status Salinity 4 Chloride, sulphate, electric conductivity, Ecological status mineralisation (TDS) Nutrients *) 4 Nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate Ecological status Acidification 1 pH Ecological status National and WFD (Heavy) metals 5 Iron, zinc, copper, lead, manganese Ecological status relevant pollutants (some parameters such as lead: chemical status)

Table 22: Ecological status and confidence categories for all river SWB in the Khrami-Debed RBD.

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Agr401 Khrami Agrikar 1-2 C

GE_Agr402 Khrami Agrikar 1-2 C

GE_Agr403 Khrami Agrikar 2-3 C

GE_Aia301 Khrami Aiazmidere 1-2 C

GE_Aia302 Khrami Aiazmidere 1-2 C

GE_Akh401 Khrami Akha 2-3 C

GE_Akh402 Khrami Akha 1-2 C

GE_Akh403 Khrami Akha 2-3 C

GE_Akh404 Khrami Akha 2-3 C

GE_Alg101 Algeti Algeti 1-2 C

GE_Alg102 Algeti Algeti 2-3 C

GE_Alg103 Algeti Algeti 2-3 C

GE_Alg104 Algeti Algeti 1-2 C

GE_Alg105 Algeti Algeti 1-2 C

GE_Alg106 Algeti Algeti 1-2 C

GE_Alg107 Algeti Algeti 1-2 C

GE_Alg108 Algeti Algeti 1-2 C

GE_Alg109 Algeti Algeti 2-3 C

33 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Alg110 Algeti Algeti 3-5 D

GE_Alg111 Algeti Algeti 2 A

GE_Alg112 Algeti Algeti 3-5 C

GE_Alg113 Algeti Algeti 3-5 C

GE_Alg114 Algeti Algeti 3-5 C

GE_Alg115 Algeti Algeti 2-3 C

GE_Alg116 Algeti Algeti 3-5 C

GE_Alg117 Algeti Algeti 3 A

GE_Asa301 Khrami Vizirovka 2-3 C

GE_Asa302 Khrami Vizirovka 2-3 C

GE_Asl201 Khrami Aslanka 1-2 C

GE_Asl202 Khrami Aslanka 2-3 C

GE_Asl203 Khrami Aslanka 2-3 C

GE_Asl204 Khrami Aslanka 2-3 C

GE_Asl205 Khrami Aslanka 3-5 C

GE_Asl206 Khrami Aslanka 2-3 C

GE_Asl207 Khrami Aslanka 2-3 C

GE_Asl208 Khrami Aslanka 2-3 C

GE_Asu201 Algeti Asuretis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Asu202 Algeti Asuretis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_AWB01 Kvemo Kartli Mtis channel - D

GE_AWB02 Kvemo Kartli Bagrati I.S. - D

GE_AWB03 Kvemo Kartli Tsiskari channel - D

GE_AWB04 Kvemo Kartli Bolo Channel - D

GE_AWB05 Kvemo Kartli Gamarjveba I.S. - D

GE_AWB06 Kvemo Kartli Wminda Giorgi channel - D

GE_AWB07 Kvemo Kartli Debeda Channel - D

GE_AWB08 Kvemo Kartli Wminda Nino channel - D

GE_AWB09 Kvemo Kartli Megobroba channel - D

GE_AWB10 Kvemo Kartli Barataant Channel - D

GE_AWB11 Kvemo Kartli Dzveli Sadakhlo I.S. - D

GE_AWB12 Kvemo Kartli Akhali Sadakhlo - D

GE_AWB13 Kvemo Kartli lezhbadini right main canal - D

GE_AWB14 Kvemo Kartli lezhbadini left main canal - D

GE_AWB15 Kvemo Kartli AghmaSenebeli Channel - D

GE_AWB16 Kvemo Kartli Vakhushti Channel - D

GE_AWB17 Kvemo Kartli Tbisi-Kumisi Main Canal - D

GE_AWB18 Kvemo Kartli Marabda I.S. - D

GE_AWB19 Kvemo Kartli Asureti Channel - D

34 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_AWB20 Kvemo Kartli Jandara I.S. - D

GE_AWB21 Kvemo- Lomtagora I.S. - D Kartli

GE_AWB22 Kvemo Kartli Khramarkhi I.S. - D

GE_AWB23 Kvemo Kartli 9 Aprili channel - D

GE_AWB24 Kvemo Kartli Patara I.S. - D

GE_AWB25 Kvemo Kartli Tsereteli I.S. - D

GE_AWB26 Kvemo Kartli Tamarisi I.S. - D

GE_AWB27 Kvemo Kartli Vaziani I.S. - D

GE_AWB28 Kvemo Kartli Iberia I.S. - D

GE_AWB29 Kvemo Kartli Araxlo I.S. - D

GE_AWB30 Kvemo Kartli Nakhiduri ranchpari I.S. - D

GE_AWB31 Kvemo Kartli Imirasani channel - D

GE_AWB32 Kvemo- Karaso I.S. - D Kartli

GE_AWB33 Kvemo- Migrilo I.S. - D Kartli

GE_AWB34 Kvemo Kartli Zeda Arkhi I.S. - D

GE_AWB35 Kvemo Kartli Shua channel - D

GE_AWB36 Kvemo Kartli Kazreti I.S. - D

GE_AWB37 Kvemo Kartli Dmanisi-Gantiadi I.S. - D

GE_AWB38 Kvemo- Mtisdzira-Javakhi I.S. - D Kartli

GE_AWB39 Kvemo- Avranlo-GumbaTi Irrigation System - D Kartli

GE_Bai401 Khrami Baiachi 1-2 C

GE_Bar401 Khrami Bardadzor 2-3 C

GE_Bar402 Khrami Bardadzor 2-3 C

GE_Bei201 Algeti Beistskali 2-3 C

GE_Bio301 Khrami Biouktskali 2-3 C

GE_Bio302 Khrami Biouktskali 1-2 C

GE_Bio303 Khrami Biouktskali 1-2 C

GE_Biu201 Khrami Biouk-Deresi 1-2 C

GE_Biu202 Khrami Biouk-Deresi 1-2 C

GE_Bol601 Khrami Bolnistskali(Akhkerpistskali) 1-2 C

GE_Bor201 Khrami Bortbort 2-3 C

GE_Bor202 Khrami Bortbort 2-3 C

GE_Bor203 Khrami Bortbort 2-3 C

GE_Bor204 Khrami Bortbort 3-5 C

GE_Bun301 Khrami Bunushchay 2-3 C

GE_Bun302 Khrami Bunushchay 3-5 C

35 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Bur301 Khrami Burnasheti 2-3 C

GE_Bus401 Khrami Busukala 2-3 C

GE_Cha401 Khrami Chatakhtskali 2-3 C

GE_Cha402 Khrami Chatakhtskali 1-2 C

GE_Chc401 Khrami Kaburi 2-3 C

GE_Chc402 Khrami Kaburi 2-3 C

GE_Chc403 Khrami Kaburi 2-3 C

GE_Chi201 Khrami Chil-Chil 2-3 C

GE_Chi202 Khrami Chil-Chil 2-3 C

GE_Chi203 Khrami Chil-Chil 2-3 C

GE_Chi204 Khrami Chil-Chil 2-3 C

GE_Chi205 Khrami Chil-Chil 2-3 C

GE_Chk401 Khrami Chatakhi 1-2 C

GE_Chl301 Khrami Kariaki 2-3 C

GE_Chl302 Khrami Kariaki 2-3 C

GE_Cho301 Khrami Chochiani 2-3 C

GE_Cho302 Khrami Chochiani 2-3 C

GE_Cho303 Khrami Chochiani 2-3 C

GE_Chp301 Khrami Kurudere 1-2 C

GE_Cht501 Khrami Chatakhi 2-3 C

GE_Chv201 Khrami Chiv-Chav 1-2 C

GE_Chv202 Khrami Chiv-Chav 1-2 C

GE_Chv203 Khrami Chiv-Chav 2-3 C

GE_Chv204 Khrami Chiv-Chav 2-3 C

GE_Chv205 Khrami Chiv-Chav 3-5 C

GE_Dag301 Khrami Dagermanderesi 1-2 C

GE_Dag302 Khrami Dagermanderesi 2-3 C

GE_Dag303 Khrami Dagermanderesi 1-2 C

GE_Dav401 Khrami Davakran 1-2 C

GE_Dav402 Khrami Davakran 2-3 C

GE_Deb201 Khrami Debed 2 A

GE_Deb202 Khrami Debed 2 A

GE_Dja301 Khrami Djaminchay 2-3 C

GE_Dja302 Khrami Djaminchay 2-3 C

GE_Djm201 Khrami Djamindzor 2-3 C

GE_Djm202 Khrami Djamindzor 1-2 C

GE_Dju201 Khrami Djudjiani 1-2 C

GE_Dju202 Khrami Djudjiani 2-3 C

GE_Dju203 Khrami Djudjiani 1-2 C

36 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Dju204 Khrami Djudjiani 1-2 C

GE_Dom401 Khrami Dombluta 1-2 C

GE_Dom402 Khrami Dombluta 1-2 C

GE_Egr201 Khrami Egrichay 2-3 C

GE_Egr202 Khrami Egrichay 1-2 C

GE_Egr203 Khrami Egrichay 1-2 C

GE_Ena201 Algeti Enagetis-Khevi 1-2 C

GE_Ena202 Algeti Enagetis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Gas201 Khrami Gasandami 1-2 C

GE_Gas202 Khrami Gasandami 1-2 C

GE_Ged301 Khrami Gedechay(Geta) 2-3 C

GE_Ged302 Khrami Gedechay(Geta) 2-3 C

GE_Get201 Khrami Geti 2-3 C

GE_Get202 Khrami Geti 2-3 C

GE_Giu601 Khrami Giul-Magometchay 1-2 C

GE_Gub301 Khrami Ashkala 2-3 C

GE_Gub302 Khrami Ashkala 2-3 C

GE_Gub303 Khrami Ashkala 2-3 C

GE_Gub304 Khrami Ashkala 2-3 C

GE_Gum201 Khrami Gumbati 2-3 C

GE_Gum202 Khrami Gumbati 2-3 C

GE_Gum203 Khrami Gumbati 2-3 C

GE_Gum204 Khrami Gumbati 2-3 C

GE_Gum205 Khrami Gumbati 2-3 C

GE_Gut401 Khrami Zemo ashkala 2-3 C

GE_Kaa401 Khrami Karasu 2-3 C

GE_Kaa402 Khrami Karasu 2-3 C

GE_Kaa403 Khrami Karasu 2-3 C

GE_Kab301 Khrami Mamula 2-3 C

GE_Kac401 Khrami Karachay 1-2 C

GE_Kac402 Khrami Karachay 2-3 C

GE_Kak301 Khrami Karakliska 3-5 C

GE_Kal301 Khrami Didi gomareti 2-3 C

GE_Kal302 Khrami Didi gomareti 3-5 C

GE_Kan401 Khrami Karanikhdere 2-3 C

GE_Kar201 Khrami Karabulakhi 2-3 C

GE_Kar202 Khrami Karabulakhi 2-3 C

GE_Kar203 Khrami Karabulakhi 1-2 C

GE_Kar204 Khrami Karabulakhi 2-3 C

37 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Kar205 Khrami Karabulakhi 2-3 C

GE_Kar206 Khrami Karabulakhi 2-3 C

GE_Kar207 Khrami Karabulakhi 2-3 C

GE_Kar208 Khrami Karabulakhi 2-3 C

GE_Kar209 Khrami Karabulakhi 1-2 C

GE_Kar210 Khrami Karabulakhi 1-2 C

GE_Kau301 Khrami Tsikhekvabi 2-3 C

GE_Kea301 Khrami Kelakhchay 1-2 C

GE_Kel201 Khrami Kelakhistskali 2-3 C

GE_Kha301 Khrami Khachinchay 1-2 C

GE_Kha302 Khrami Khachinchay 2-3 C

GE_Kha303 Khrami Khachinchay 3-5 C

GE_Khe201 Algeti Bogvi 1-2 C

GE_Khe202 Algeti Bogvi 2-3 C

GE_Khi201 Khrami Shikhilo 1-2 C

GE_Khi202 Khrami Shikhilo 1-2 C

GE_Khm201 Khrami Pitareti 1-2 C

GE_Khm202 Khrami Pitareti 1-2 C

GE_Kho201 Khrami Kakliani 1-2 C

GE_Kho202 Khrami Kakliani 1-2 C

GE_Khr101 Khrami Ktsia 2-3 C

GE_Khr102 Khrami Ktsia 2-3 C

GE_Khr103 Khrami Ktsia 3 A

GE_Khr104 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr105 Khrami Khrami 1-2 C

GE_Khr106 Khrami Khrami 1-2 C

GE_Khr107 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr108 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr109 Khrami Khrami 3-5 D

GE_Khr110 Khrami Khrami 3-5 C

GE_Khr111 Khrami Khrami 3-5 C

GE_Khr112 Khrami Khrami 3-5 D

GE_Khr113 Khrami Khrami 2 A

GE_Khr114 Khrami Khrami 3-5 D

GE_Khr115 Khrami Khrami 3-5 D

GE_Khr116 Khrami Khrami 3-5 D

GE_Khr117 Khrami Khrami 3-5 D

GE_Khr118 Khrami Khrami 3-5 D

GE_Khr119 Khrami Khrami 2 A

38 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Khr120 Khrami Khrami 3-5 C

GE_Khr121 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr122 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr123 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr124 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr125 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr126 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr127 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr128 Khrami Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Khr129 Khrami Khrami 2 A

GE_Khr130 Khrami Khrami 2 A

GE_Khr131 Khrami Khrami 3-5 C

GE_Khr132 Khrami Khrami 3-5 C

GE_Khr133 Khrami Khrami 3-5 C

GE_Khr134 Khrami Khrami 3-5 C

GE_Khu301 Khrami Khurkhubi 1-2 C

GE_Kia401 Khrami Kiariak-Su 2-3 C

GE_Kia402 Khrami Kiariak-Su 2-3 C

GE_Kil501 Khrami Kiziladjli 2-3 C

GE_Kim401 Khrami Kirmizibulak 2-3 C

GE_Kir401 Khrami Kirmizibulak-dere 2-3 C

GE_Kiz401 Khrami Kizilkaiachay 1-2 C

GE_Kiz402 Khrami Kizilkaiachay 1-2 C

GE_Kld201 Khrami Kldeisi 2-3 C

GE_Kld202 Khrami Kldeisi 1 A

GE_Kor301 Khrami Kor-Khrami 1-2 C

GE_Kov101 Algeti Kovu 2-3 C

GE_Kov102 Algeti Kovu 2-3 C

GE_Kov103 Algeti Kovu 2-3 C

GE_Kra201 Khrami Samghereti 1-2 C

GE_Kra202 Khrami Samghereti 1-2 C

GE_kuc401 Khrami Kuchudindzor 2-3 C

GE_Kur201 Khrami Kuristskali 2-3 C

GE_Lam201 Algeti Lamis-khevi 1-2 C

GE_Lek401 Khrami Lokchy 1-2 C

GE_Lek402 Khrami Lokchy 1-2 C

GE_Lek403 Khrami Lokchy 1-2 C

GE_Lek404 Khrami Leksu 1-2 C

GE_Lez301 Khrami Lezgaderesi 1-2 C

39 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Liv401 Khrami Livadistskali 2-3 C

GE_Mam301 Khrami Mamutlidere 2-3 C

GE_Mam302 Khrami Mamutli 2-3 C

GE_Mam303 Khrami Mamutli 2-3 C

GE_Mas201 Khrami Mashavera 1 A

GE_Mas202 Khrami Mashavera 2-3 C

GE_Mas203 Khrami Mashavera 1 A

GE_Mas204 Khrami Mashavera 2-3 C

GE_Mas205 Khrami Mashavera 2-3 C

GE_Mas206 Khrami Mashavera 2-3 C

GE_Mas207 Khrami Mashavera 1-2 C

GE_Mas208 Khrami Mashavera 2-3 C

GE_Mas209 Khrami Mashavera 2 A

GE_Mas210 Khrami Mashavera 2-3 C

GE_Mas211 Khrami Mashavera 3-5 C

GE_Mas212 Khrami Mashavera 2-3 C

GE_Mas213 Khrami Mashavera 3 A

GE_Mas214 Khrami Mashavera 3 B

GE_Mas215 Khrami Mashavera 3 B

GE_Mas216 Khrami Mashavera 3 A

GE_Mda201 Algeti Ksovreti 2-3 C

GE_Mde201 Algeti Birtvisi 2-3 C

GE_Mde202 Algeti Birtvisi 2-3 C

GE_Mde203 Khrami Birtvisi 2-3 C

GE_Mdi301 Khrami Asiaghleba 1-2 C

GE_Mdi302 Khrami Asiaghleba 2-3 C

GE_Mdm301 Algeti Akhalsheni 1-2 C

GE_Mdn301 Khrami Kazreti 1-2 C

GE_Mdn302 Khrami Kazreti 3-5 D

GE_Mdr201 Algeti Mokhisi 1-2 C

GE_Mdr202 Algeti Mokhisi 2-3 C

GE_Mdr203 Algeti Mokhisi 2-3 C

GE_Mir201 Khrami Mirzaogli-Khrami 1-2 C

GE_Mir202 Khrami Mirzaogli-Khrami 2-3 C

GE_Mos301 Khrami Moshevani 1-2 C

GE_Mos302 Khrami Moshevani 1-2 C

GE_Mos303 Khrami Moshevani 1-2 C

GE_Mos304 Khrami Moshevani 1-2 C

GE_Muz401 Khrami Muzdurlari 2-3 C

40 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Nal201 Algeti Nalebis-Khevi 2-3 C

GE_Nar201 Khrami Nardevani 2-3 C

GE_Naz301 Khrami Naziklichi 2-3 C

GE_Naz302 Khrami Naziklichi 1-2 C

GE_Naz303 Khrami Naziklichi 1-2 C

GE_Naz304 Khrami Naziklichi 2-3 C

GE_Naz305 Khrami Naziklichi 2-3 C

GE_Per501 Khrami Pereinjalistskali 1-2 C

GE_Per502 Khrami Pereinjalistskali 1-2 C

GE_Pok301 Khrami Pokhluchay 2-3 C

GE_Psh301 Khrami Pshani 3-5 C

GE_Psh302 Khrami Pshani 3-5 C

GE_Riv301 Khrami Shakhmarlo 2-3 C

GE_Riv302 Khrami Shakhmarlo 2-3 C

GE_Riv303 Khrami Iakublo 2-3 C

GE_Riv304 Khrami Iakublo 2-3 C

GE_Riv305 Khrami Iakublo 3-5 C

GE_Rve201 Algeti Gudarekhi 1-2 C

GE_Rvr301 Khrami Boslebi 2-3 C

GE_Rvr302 Khrami Boslebi 2-3 C

GE_Sak201 Khrami Sakhzaganichay 1-2 C

GE_Sak202 Khrami Sakhzaganichay 2-3 C

GE_San501 Khrami Sanikle 1-2 C

GE_Sar301 Khrami Sarpdere 1-2 C

GE_Sar302 Khrami Sarpdere 2-3 C

GE_Sar303 Khrami Sarpdere 2-3 C

GE_Sar304 Khrami Sarpdere 2-3 C

GE_Sha401 Khrami Tserakvi 2-3 C

GE_Shl401 Khrami Goruli 2-3 C

GE_Shl402 Khrami Goruli 2-3 C

GE_Shu301 Khrami Shulaveri 2-3 C

GE_Shu302 Khrami Shulaveri 1-2 C

GE_Shu303 Khrami Shulaveri 1-2 C

GE_Shu304 Khrami Shulaveri 2-3 C

GE_Shu305 Khrami Shulaveri 2-3 C

GE_Shv401 Khrami Shaumiani 2-3 C

GE_Shv402 Khrami Shaumiani 2-3 C

GE_Ste201 Algeti Gholovani 2-3 C

GE_Ste202 Algeti Gholovani 2-3 C

41 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia)

Ecological Category of SWB Code Sub-Basin River Name Status confidence

GE_Stm301 Khrami Khando 2-3 C

GE_Str201 Khrami Patara tusrebi 2-3 C

GE_Str202 Khrami Rekha 2-3 C

GE_Str203 Khrami Rekha 2-3 C

GE_Tal301 Khrami Talaverchay 1-2 C

GE_Tal302 Khrami Talaverchay 1-2 C

GE_Tal303 Khrami Talaverchay 2-3 C

GE_Tal304 Khrami Talaverchay 2-3 C

GE_Toz301 Khrami Tozlikhi 1-2 C

GE_Toz302 Khrami Tozlikhi 2-3 C

GE_Toz303 Khrami Tozlikhi 2-3 C

GE_Toz304 Khrami Tozlikhi 2-3 C

GE_Uka301 Khrami Ukangori 1-2 C

GE_Uka302 Khrami Ukangori 1-2 C

GE_Uka303 Khrami Ukangori 2-3 C

GE_Use301 Khrami Useinkendi 2-3 C

GE_Use302 Khrami Useinkendi 2-3 C

GE_Use303 Khrami Useinkendi 2-3 C

GE_Use304 Khrami Useinkendi 2-3 C