DOCSLIB.ORG

Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District, Georgia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District, Georgia European Union Water Initiative Plus for the Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) Result 2 SURFACE WATER MONITORING IN THE KHRAMI-DEBED RIVER BASIN DISTRICT, GEORGIA April 2021 Beneficiaries National Environmental Agency (NEA) Responsible EU member state consortium project leader Alexander Zinke, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Georgia Zurab Jincharadze, Project Representative of the EU Member State Consortium in Georgia (GE) Responsible international thematic lead expert Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Authors Georg Wolfram, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Kristina Schaufler, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniel Trauner, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Gabriele Vincze, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Daniela Csar, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Christian Pichler-Scheder, blattfisch e.U. – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Elisabeth Sigmund, DWS Hydro-Ökologie – Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Peggy Macaigne, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) Disclaimer: The EU-funded program European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is im- plemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU Member States Consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the In- ternational Office for Water (IOW, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The pro- gram is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picar- die Water Agency. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or of the Governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any terri- tory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area. Imprint Owner and Editor: EU Member State Consortium Umweltbundesamt GmbH Office International de l’Eau (IOW) Spittelauer Lände 5 21/23 rue de Madrid 1090 Vienna, Austria 75008 Paris, France Responsible IOW Communication Officer: Ms Chloé Déchelette [email protected] April 2021 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia) CONTENTS 1 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................ 7 2 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 WFD monitoring requirements .................................................................................................... 8 3 Current surface water monitoring situation ...................................................................................... 10 3.1 Chemical Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 10 3.2 Biological Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 12 3.3 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ............................................................................................... 13 4 Monitoring results ............................................................................................................................. 15 4.1 Chemical Status ........................................................................................................................ 15 4.2 Ecological Status ...................................................................................................................... 15 4.3 Hydro-morphological Status ..................................................................................................... 18 5 Recommended surface water monitoring ........................................................................................ 19 5.1 Measures to improve the surface water monitoring ................................................................. 19 5.2 Chemical Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 19 5.3 Biological Monitoring ................................................................................................................. 22 5.4 Hydro-morphological Monitoring ............................................................................................... 24 5.5 Investigative Monitoring ............................................................................................................ 25 5.6 Monitoring Costs ....................................................................................................................... 25 6 References ....................................................................................................................................... 27 7 Annex 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 28 3 Surface Water Monitoring in the Khrami-Debed River Basin District (Georgia) List of Tables Table 1: Overview of current chemical monitoring in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 13). .................................................................................................... 10 Table 2: Overview of existing biological monitoring in rivers in the Khrami-Debed RBD (EUWI+, 2019b; 2020b). ..................................................................................................................................... 12 Table 3: Overview of existing hydrological monitoring in rivers and reservoirs of the Khrami-Debed RBD (see also Figure 1). .................................................................................................................. 14 Table 4: Categories of ecological classification..................................................................................... 15 Table 5: Ecological Status of SWB based on the new ESCS for macroinvertebrates. ......................... 17 Table 6: Hydro-morphological sampling sites including hydro-morphological status ........................... 18 Table 7: Overview of recommended surveillance and operational monitoring in rivers and lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD (Complete list of sites see Annex 1 Table 15, Table 16, Table 17, Table 20) ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Table 8: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ...................................................................................................... 20 Table 9: Recommended frequency of chemical monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ...................................................................................................... 22 Table 10: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD.............................................................................................. 23 Table 11: Recommended frequency of biological monitoring at surveillance and operational sites in lakes of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ............................................................................................. 24 Table 12: Overview of proposed hydrological monitoring in standing waters of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ................................................................................................................................................. 25 Table 13: Current water quality monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ......................... 28 Table 14: Complete list of SWB “at risk” in the Khrami-Debed RBD. WW = Domestic wastewater, D = diffuse sources from agriculture, WA = water abstraction, HydLF = hydrological alterations – low flow, HydRes = hydrological alterations – reservoir, HydMorph = hydrological alternations – changed planform / channel pattern, LF = illegal landfills ..................................................... 28 Table 15: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD. .............. 30 Table 16: Recommended surveillance monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ................................................................................................................................................. 30 Table 17: Recommended operational monitoring sites in rivers of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ............... 30 Table 18: Proposal for new or restored hydrological monitoring sites in river of the Khrami-Debed RBD. ................................................................................................................................................. 30 Table 19: Actual capacities of the Laboratories for measuring the priority substances that are listed by the EU WFD and associated directes for surface water monitoring ........................................ 31 Table 20: Proposal for operational monitoring sites in lakes (reservoirs) of the Khrami-Debed RBD. 33 Table 21: Overview of parameters in the chemical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Some Remarks on the Current Efforts for Future Protection of the Kura Water Resources Through Trans-Boundary Cooperation and Modernized National Policy Measures
    International Journal of Hydrology Case Report Open Access Some remarks on the current efforts for future protection of the kura water resources through trans-boundary cooperation and modernized national policy measures Abstract Volume 1 Issue 4 - 2017 Azerbaijan locates in the downstream of the Kura river basin. Protection of the bio- Mehman Agarza Oglu Rzayev resources of the Kura River is important for the future welfare and health of the Department of Agricultural Water and Soil, Azerbaijan Scientific- population living in this basin. Therefore coordinated action for the rational use of Production Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Amelioration, the water resources between basin countries is necessary to mitigate main trans- Azerbaijan boundary problems of changes in hydrological flows, worsening of the river water quality, degradation of the ecosystem and intensified flooding due to the observed Correspondence: Mehman Agarza oglu Rzayev, Department consequence of global climate changes taking place in the recent period. This of Agricultural Water and Soil, Azerbaijan Scientific-Production manuscript outlines the proposals within UNDP-GEF Kura - Araz Project ((Kura II Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Amelioration, Project) to improve interaction and cooperation between Azerbaijan and Georgia as a Azerbaijan, Tel +994503246061, Email [email protected] model for future deepening of the relationship between all basin countries to protect fresh water resources and ecological safety of the entire river ecosystem. Received: September 04, 2017 | Published: November 10, 2017 Introduction industrial wastewaters and return flow from agriculture, imposing health, ecological and aesthetic threats. Water pollution takes place Kura River is the main waterway in Caucasus area, originates from due to the mining industry, agriculture and livestock activities starting eastern Turkey, with the total length of 1515 km and inflow to the from the upstream basin countries.4,5 The cooperation between the Caspian Sea through Georgia and Azerbaijan.
    [Show full text]
  • Misuse of Administrative Resources During Georgia's 2020
    Misuse of Administrative Resources during Georgia’s 2020 Parliamentary Elections Final Report December 2020 Authors Gigi Chikhladze Tamta Kakhidze Co-author and research supervisor Levan Natroshvili This report was made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The opinions expressed in the report belong to Transparency International Georgia and may not reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. Contents Key Findings ____________________________________________________________________ 4 Introduction ____________________________________________________________________ 7 Chapter I. What is the misuse of administrative resources during electoral processes? ____________________________________________________________________ 8 Chapter II. Misuse of Enforcement Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes ____________________________________________________________________ 9 1. Violence, threatening, intimidation, and law enforcement response _________ 10 1.1. Incidents that occurred during the pre-election period _____________________ 10 1.2. Incidents that occurred during the Election Day ____________________________ 14 1.3. Incidents that occurred after the Election Day ____________________________ 15 2. Destruction of political party property and campaigning materials and law enforcement response to them _________________________________________________ 15 3. Use of water cannons against demonstrators gathered at the CEC ___________ 16 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Stocktaking Exercise to Identify Legal, Institutional, Vulnerability Assessment and Adaptation Gaps and Barriers in Water Resour
    “National Adaptation Plan to advance medium and long-term adaptation planning in Armenia” UNDP-GCF Project Stocktaking exercise to identify legal, institutional, vulnerability assessment and adaptation gaps and barriers in water resources management under climate change conditions Prepared by “Geoinfo” LLC Contract Number: RFP 088/2019 YEREVAN 2020 Produced by GeoInfo, Ltd., Charents 1, Yerevan, Armenia Action coordinated by Vahagn Tonoyan Date 11.06.2020 Version Final Produced for UNDP Climate Change Program Financed by: GCF-UNDP “National Adaptation Plan to advance medium and long-term adaptation planning in Armenia” project Authors National experts: Liana Margaryan, Aleksandr Arakelyan, Edgar Misakyan, Olympia Geghamyan, Davit Zakaryan, Zara Ohanjanyan International consultant: Soroosh Sorooshian 2 Content List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1. ANALYSIS OF POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF WATER SECTOR AND IDENTIFICATION OF GAPS AND BARRIERS IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ............................. 19 Summary of Chapter 1 .......................................................................................................................... 19 1.1 The concept and criteria of water resources adaptation to climate change .................................
    [Show full text]
  • Geographic Characteristic of the Republic of Armenia
    GEOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA TERRITORY Republic of Armenia is situated in south-western part of Asia. The country occupies the north-eastern part of Armenian plateau – between Caucasus and Nearest Asia (the inter- river territory between the middle flows of Kur and Araks rivers). The total territory is located in the latitude of 380 501 - 410 181 N and longitude of 430 271 - 460 371 E. In the north and east it borders with Georgia and Azerbaijan, and in the west and south – Turkey and Iran. The country’s area comprises 29743 km2, of which 46.8% - agricultural land, 34.9% - mountains, plateaus and other land, 12.7% - forests and 5.6% - water surface. The highest elevation of the country is the Peak of Aragats Mountain (4090 m), the deepest landslide – the Debed river canyon (390 m). The longest extension from north-west to south-east is 360 km, and from west to east – 200 km. The largest lake in the territory of Armenia is Sevan Lake (surface 1239 km2), the longest river is Araks – 158 km (the total length – 1072 km). 6 Marzes of the Republic of Armenia in Figures, 1998-2002 The top of Aragats mountain MOUNTAIN TOPS Name Place The height above sea level, m Aragats Aragats massif 4090 Kaputjugh Zangezur mountain range 3906 Ajdahak Geghama mountain range 3598 Spitakasar Geghama mountain range 3555 Vardenis Vardenis mountain range 3522 Aramasar Bargushat mountain range 3392 Ishkhanasar Gharabagh plateau 3549 Baghatssar Meghri mountain range 3250 Khustup Khustup-Katar mountain range 3214 Legli Javakhk mountain range 3157 Gogi Vayk mountain range 3113 Tej ler Pambak mountain range 3101 Mets Eghnakhagh Eghnakhagh mountain range 3042 Bovakar Halab mountain range 3016 Urasar Bazum mountain range 2993 Miapor Miapor mountain range 2993 Qashatagh Sevan mountain range 2901 Aray ler Aray massif 2577 Armenia is a mountainous country.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of Draft the River Basin Management Plan for Khrami-Debeda River Basin
    European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) Results 2 and 3 DEVELOPMENT OF DRAFT THE RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR KHRAMI-DEBEDA RIVER BASIN CONSULTATION ON THE PROGRAMME OF MEASURES REPORT 1 October 2020 Beneficiaries Ministry of Environmental Protection and Agriculture of Georgia (MEPA) Responsible EU member state consortium project leader Mr Alexander Zinke, Umweltbundesamt GmbH (AT) EUWI+ country representative in Georgia Zurab Jincharadze Responsible international thematic lead expert Yannick Pochon; Office International de l’Eau (FR) Responsible Georgian thematic lead expert Mariam Makarova, MEPA Author Keti Jibladze, the Regional Environmental Centre for the Caucasus Disclaimer: The EU-funded programme European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership Countries (EUWI+) is implemented by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), the Organisation for Eco- nomic Co-operation and Development (OECD), both responsible for the implementation of Result 1, and an EU member state consortium comprising the Environment Agency Austria (UBA, Austria), the lead coordinator, and the International Office for Water (OiEau, France), both responsible for the implementation of Results 2 and 3. The programme is co-funded by Austria and France through the Austrian Development Agency and the French Artois-Picardie Water Agency. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union or the governments of the Eastern Partnership Countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of, or sovereignty over, any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries, and to the name of any territory, city or area.
    [Show full text]
  • Transnational Approaches to Conflict Resolution
    Transcending Borders: Transnational Approaches to Conflict Resolution Victor Voronkov, Philip Gamaghelyan, Sevil Huseynova, Zhanna Krikorova The idea of federalization of the South Caucasus today seems purely utopic. The level of trust among political regimes is almost zero. The memory of recent wars is still alive, and a new war in Nagorno Karabakh seems increasingly inevitable. It would be very naive to expect any, even the weakest, form of unification within a confederation framework similar to the European Union (EU). Each country looks at the neighbors with suspicion, if not outright hostility. Most borders are either difficult to cross or firmly sealed. However, these statements are true compared to the ideal models of relations among states at the macro level. In real life, everything is much more complex and simple at the same time. Thinking about the so called geopolitics, the focus usually tends to be on “state interest” leaving out individual interests of the citizens of these countries and the civil society in general. Meanwhile, history knows many examples of how civic initiatives have changed the meaning of borders in people’s lives. Following the citizens’ change of perception of the neighbors on the other side of the border, the governments have set new rules of communication with the neighboring countries. This is, for example, how the EU was created and developed. Transcending Borders: Transnational Approaches to Conflict Resolution Table of Contents Transcending Borders: Transnational Approaches to Conflict Resolution
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Armenian-Georgian Water Cooperation
    Bi-lateral Meeting between Armenia and Georgia on Cooperation in the Khrami-Debed River Basin OVERVIEW OF THE ARMENIAN-GEORGIAN WATER COOPERATION Vahagn Tonoyan EUWI+ Project Local Representative in Armenia Yerevan, 14 October 2019 REGIONAL/TRANSBOUNDARY PROJECTS • Water Management in the South Caucasus (USAID, 2001-2004) • Joint River Management Programme on Monitoring and Assessment of Water Quality on Transboundary Rivers (EU TACIS, 2002-2003) • Trans-boundary Cooperation for Hazard Prevention in the Kura-river Basin (Federal Environmental Agency of Germany, 2003-2006) • Science for Peace Program - South Caucasus River Monitoring (NATO/ OSCE, 2002-2008) • Development of Transboundary Cooperation for Hazard Prevention in Kura-Aras Basin countries (German Ministry of Environment, 2003- 2006) • Reducing Transboundary Degradation in the Kura-Aras Basin. UNDP/GEF. 2003-2008 • South Caucasus Water Program (USAID, 2005-2008) 2 REGIONAL/TRANSBOUNDARY PROJECTS (CONTINUED) • Water Governance Project (EU/TACIS, 2008-2010) • Trans Boundary River Management Phase II for the Kura River (EU/TACIS, 2008-2011) • Fostering Transboundary Cooperation in the Kura-Aras River Basin (UNDP/ENVSEC, 2010-2011) • Trans Boundary River Management Phase III for the Kura River (EU/TACIS, 2012-2013) • Reducing Transboundary Degradation in the Kura-Aras Basin (UNDP/GEF, 2011-2014) • Environmental Protection for International River Basins (EU, 2012- 2016) • European Union Water Initiative Plus for Eastern Partnership (EU, 2016-2020) 3 STRATEGIES FOR PROMOTING TRANSBOUNDARY
    [Show full text]
  • Armenian Tourist Attraction
    Armenian Tourist Attractions: Rediscover Armenia Guide http://mapy.mk.cvut.cz/data/Armenie-Armenia/all/Rediscover%20Arme... rediscover armenia guide armenia > tourism > rediscover armenia guide about cilicia | feedback | chat | © REDISCOVERING ARMENIA An Archaeological/Touristic Gazetteer and Map Set for the Historical Monuments of Armenia Brady Kiesling July 1999 Yerevan This document is for the benefit of all persons interested in Armenia; no restriction is placed on duplication for personal or professional use. The author would appreciate acknowledgment of the source of any substantial quotations from this work. 1 von 71 13.01.2009 23:05 Armenian Tourist Attractions: Rediscover Armenia Guide http://mapy.mk.cvut.cz/data/Armenie-Armenia/all/Rediscover%20Arme... REDISCOVERING ARMENIA Author’s Preface Sources and Methods Armenian Terms Useful for Getting Lost With Note on Monasteries (Vank) Bibliography EXPLORING ARAGATSOTN MARZ South from Ashtarak (Maps A, D) The South Slopes of Aragats (Map A) Climbing Mt. Aragats (Map A) North and West Around Aragats (Maps A, B) West/South from Talin (Map B) North from Ashtarak (Map A) EXPLORING ARARAT MARZ West of Yerevan (Maps C, D) South from Yerevan (Map C) To Ancient Dvin (Map C) Khor Virap and Artaxiasata (Map C Vedi and Eastward (Map C, inset) East from Yeraskh (Map C inset) St. Karapet Monastery* (Map C inset) EXPLORING ARMAVIR MARZ Echmiatsin and Environs (Map D) The Northeast Corner (Map D) Metsamor and Environs (Map D) Sardarapat and Ancient Armavir (Map D) Southwestern Armavir (advance permission
    [Show full text]
  • Reducing Transboundary Degradation in the Kura-Aras Basin
    UNDP Project Document Governments of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia United Nations Development Programme United Nations Office for Project Services Reducing Transboundary Degradation in the Kura-Aras Basin The Project will assist the Kura-Aras riparian states to 1) identify the principal threats and root causes of the trans-boundary water resources of the Kura Aras-River Transboundary Basin and 2) develop and implement a sustainable programme of policy, legal and institutional reforms and investments to address these threats. Balancing overuse and conflicting uses of water resources in transboundary surface and groundwater basins is seen as the critical issue in the basin and will be a principal focus of project attention from the very outset of project related activities. The Project will create synergies with and build upon a range of initiatives being undertaken by the countries themselves and those of bi-lateral and multi- lateral donors that have given priority to the Basin. The long-term development/environmental goal of the project is sustainable development of the Kura-Aras River Basin enhanced through ecosystem-based Integrated Water Resource Management approaches. The project objective is to improve the management of the Kura-Aras River Transboundary Basin through the implementation of a sustainable programme of policy, legal and institutional reforms and investment options using the Trans-boundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) and Strategic Action Programme (SAP) process. In order to achieve this objective, the project will update the TDA, support National IWRM plans which will be the base of the SAP, undertake a range of public involvement and awareness activities focusing on trans-boundary activities, and undertake demonstration projects that implement key aspects of the SAP.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on the Implementation of the State Strategy for Civic Equality And
    GOVERNMENT OF GEORGIA STATE INTER-AGENCY COMMISSION OFFICE OF THE STATE MINISTER OF GEORGIA FOR RECONCILIATION AND CIVIC EQUALITY REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STATE STRATEGY FOR CIVIC EQUALITY AND INTEGRATION AND 2016 ACTION PLAN FEBRUARY 2017 1 Office of the State Minister of Georgia for Reconciliation and Civic Equality Address: 3/5 G. Leonidze Street, Tbilisi 0134 Telephone: (+995 32) 2923299; (+995 32) 2922632 Website: www.smr.gov.ge E-mail: [email protected] 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ I. EQUAL AND FULL PARTICIPATION IN CIVIC AND POLITICAL LIFE .......................................................................... 5 SUPPORTING SMALL AND VULNERABLE ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS ........................................................... 5 GENDER MAINSTREAMING ...................................................................................................................... 7 IMPROVING ACCESS TO STATE ADMINISTRATIONS, LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES AND MECHANISMS FOR REPRESENTATIVES OF EHTNIC MINORITIES .............................................................................................. 9 PROVIDING EQUAL ELECTORAL CONDITIONS FOR ETHNIC MINORITY VOTERS .......................................... 12 PROVIDING ACCESS TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION ................................................................................ 16 II. CREATING EQUAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture Development Potentials in Georgia
    FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1(En) ISSN 2070-6065 REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Circular No. 1055/1 REU/C1055/1 (En) REVIEW OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIALS IN GEORGIA by Marina Khavtasi † Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Marina Makarova Head of Division Water Resources Protection Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Irina Lomashvili Senior Specialist Department of Integrated Environmental Management and Biodiversity Ministry of the Environment Protection and Natural Resources Tbilisi, Georgia Archil Phartsvania National Consultant Thomas Moth-Poulsen Fishery Officer FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia Budapest, Hungary András Woynarovich FAO Consultant FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Ten-Year Development Plan for Georgian Gas Transmission Network 2018-2027
    Ten-Year Development Plan for Georgian Gas Transmission Network 2018-2027 October 2017 1 The document represents a 10-year Georgian gas transmission and related infrastructure development plan. It was prepared on the basis of 2016 and 2017 year editions of “10-Year Development Plan for Georgian Gas Transmission Infrastructure)’’, considering the actual situation of current period. The 10-year Gas Network Development Plan was discussed with the Georgian Gas Transportation Company, presented to the Ministry of Energy of Georgia, the Georgian National Energy Regulatory Commission and other stakeholders. Consultations regarding the information used in and information on the project implementation of the 10-year Gas Network Development Plan can be obtained from GOGC Strategic Planning and Projects Department. Head of the Department: Teimuraz Gochitashvili, Dr. Sci, professor, Tel: +(995 32) 2244040 (414); E-mail: [email protected] 2 Contents Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................................4 Executive summary ..................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction .....................................................................................................................7 1.1. General provisions............................................................................................................ 7 1.2. Formal and methodological basis for preparing the plan ..............................................
    [Show full text]