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My Campaign for Hungary

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MY CAMPAIGN FOR HUNGARY BY VISCOUNT ROTHERMERE (Author of “Warnings and Predictions “) MCMXXXIX EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE LONDON DEDICATED WITH DEVOTION AND GRATITUDE TO HIS SERENE HIGHNESS THE REGENT OF HUNGARY ADMIRAL HORTHY AND HIS PATIENT AND COURAGEOUS PEOPLE rmere FOREWORD by FERENC HERCZEG THAT Lord Rothermere enjoys immense popularity in Hungary is so well known as to be almost proverbial. It is not with the higher social circles of the country alone that he is connected by this tie of sentiment. It unites him just as strongly with the hearts of the masses. Millions who have never set eyes on him,—who perhaps cannot even pronounce his name aright,—nevertheless revere and love him. In the whole history of Hungary there has never been a similar bond between the nation as a whole and any individual foreigner. The only parallel for Lord Rothermere’s popularity was that accorded to the heroes of the Hungarian War of Independence. He is known throughout the country as “The Little Father of Hungary “. This title has a deep psychological significance. It was forged spontaneously in the soul of the people. It is a unique expression of the passionate warmth of Hungarian national feeling. There is no surer foundation for human friendship than generous sympathy displayed in times of suffering and misery. Amid all the struggles of her troublous past, Hungary never knew such wretchedness as in the years that followed the Peace Treaty of Trianon. Her people were conscious that they had done their duty on the battlefield, and that they had behaved magnanimously towards those of their adversaries who fell into their hands. When the terms of the Treaty of Trianon were published, in all their unbearable injustice, it seemed at first that they must be a cruel hoax. It was incredible that civilised states should subject a Christian people to such a fate as the authors of the Trianon Treaty prepared for Hungary. For centuries after the foundation of their country, Hungarians proved their solidarity with Western Europe by the sacrifice of their blood. The Treaty of Trianon, however, seemed to every Hungarian a sentence of banishment from the. community of cultured nations. Against this condemnation all the courage and devotion with which Hungary, in her glorious past, had so often defended Christendom against the onslaught of the Turk appeared of no avail. Above all, it came as a staggering blow that this should have happened with the acquiescence of Great Britain. The people of Hungary, whose Constitution is the most ancient in any Continental country, have always felt a profound sympathy and special affinity with the British nation. Trianon brought to them the bitter realisation that such feelings had existed on their side alone. It was in the very depth of this time of despair, in 1927 , that Lord Rothermere published an article in The Daily Mail demanding “Justice for Hungary “. Since Gutenberg invented printing, no letter-press has ever produced such an effect on human hearts as did this article in The Daily Mail on those of the Hungarian people. Lord Rothermere’s words Justice for Hungary, repeated a thousand thousand times have become the anthem, the symbol, the programme and the aim of all Hungarians. The effect that they produced may be measured by the fact that directly the preparation of an address of gratitude to Lord Rothermere was announced, great crowds stormed the building where this document was exposed for signature, and within a very few days 1,200,000 names had been appended to it. The sheets containing them were bound in twenty-six huge volumes, and when the Hungarian delegation came to London to present the thanks of the whole nation to Lord Rothermere, the Address had to be conveyed by a special motor-lorry. Had it been possible to prolong the time for receiving the signatures, it is certain that every single Hungarian capable of writing his name would have insisted upon adding it to this tribute of the nation’s gratitude. By temperament, the people of Hungary are more disposed to optimism than pessimism. Historical knowledge is widespread among them, and popular sentiment is consequently a very important factor in the public life of the country. Lord Rothermere’s intervention came at one of the most critical moments of our national existence, He restored to Hungary her faith in earthly justice. By so doing he rescued the Hungarian nation from a mood of despair unnatural to it; he roused again the intrinsic courage of the people; he rekindled their happiness; he revived their faith in the future. Such were the mighty consequences of the pronouncement, at an appropriate moment, of that single word Justice ! It is fitting here to recall the manifold signs of that respect and sympathy in which Lord Rothermere is held by my fellow-countrymen. They have multiplied so abundantly during the passage of years that foreign visitors, making even the briefest stay in the country, see on every side the proofs of the adoration which surrounds his name. Not only are there in Budapest a” Rothermere Street “, and a Rothermere Memorial in marble and bronze, but nearly every town in the land has an avenue, a square, or a park called after him. In the countryside his name has even been given to venerable trees or mighty rocks. Alike in the palaces of the aristocrats and the cottages of humble peasants, photographs, busts, or bas-reliefs of Lord Rothermere are found. It is consequently only natural that when first his son, Mr. Esmond Harms-worth, and then Lord Rothermere himself, came to Hungary, countless thousands should have thrown over their daily work in order to look with their own eyes upon them as the personification of that legendary name. I fear that all this adulation has occasionally been a burden to Lord Rothermere, entailing heavy calls upon his valuable time; but a man who counts his friends by millions requires special qualities of endurance. I have heard that he has been beset by many fantastic projects and proposals emanating from Hungarians of varying degrees of talent. Painters and sculptors have clamoured to depict him; composers dedicate their music to him; inventors want to submit their contrivances; eccentric politicians and economists try to interest him in their projects for saving Europe. Meanwhile a constant stream of presents flow from Hungary to London,—for Hungarians love to give presents, especially the poorest among them, and their judgement as to the suitability of a present is often a very subjective one. His Lordship must, indeed, by now be in a. position to fill an entire museum, whose exhibits would range from the perpetual-motion device of the village blacksmith to the handsome embroidery worked by peasant-girls, and the quaint carvings of the shepherds of the Puszta. I can only regret that it is humanly impossible to protect Lord Rothermere from the naïve and sometimes unconventional attentions of these loving hearts. The first result of Lord Rothermere’s action was the foundation of the Hungarian Revision League. This body, which shortly after its creation counted two million members, was formed in order to give practical support to the principle Justice for Hungary ! From the first it was the purpose of the Revision League to adapt itself to the directives laid down by his Lordship. Lord Rothermere had set before us the aim of procuring the revision of the Peace Treaty of Trianon by the assertion of our just rights and solely by peaceful means. The League accordingly took up the task of organising Hungarian public opinion, which in this respect was already united. It further set itself to arouse the interest of friends abroad, and to influence popular feeling in the victorious countries in favour of a peaceful revision of the Treaty. The unanimity of the Hungarian resolve to employ only pacific means for the redress of its grievances must surely be considered highly creditable in a nation which takes such pride in the heroic quality of its ancestors, and is furthermore conscious of having been the victim of tank injustice. The most powerful influence in establishing this national discipline must be ascribed to Lord Rothermere, who on this point was adamant. He inspired complete faith in the people of Hungary, for they see in him the embodiment of British justice. It is not for me to say whether or not it is of any value to Britain that a small nation in the valley of the Danube should regard it as the foundation of England’s world-power that she is animated by a superior sense of justice. Should this be the case, then Lord Rothermere has indeed done great service to his own country also, for he has raised Britain to an unrivalled position in Hungarian esteem, where no aspersion or calumny can reach her. It will give me great happiness if this book succeeds in conveying to the public opinion a fuller knowledge of the struggle waged by Lord Rothermere and his Hungarian followers to secure, by moral and intellectual means alone, that great achievement—Justice for Hungary! THE STORY OF THE BOOK This is the account of a unique interlude in the history of present-day European politics. The confused and eventful character of our times has brought about many strange developments but few have been more unexpected than the events that have linked me so closely for the past dozen years to a country with which I originally had no connection of any kind. At a time of life when most men are beginning to limit their interests to personal affairs I found myself, as the result of a single newspaper article, becoming actively engaged, although from a distance, in the campaign by which the people of Hungary were seeking redress of the grossly unjust treatment inflicted upon them by the Peace Treaty of Trianon.
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