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András Kovács Hungarian Jewish Politics from the End of the War Until the Collapse of Communism
András Kovács Hungarian Jewish politics from the end of the war until the collapse of Communism The present study examines Jewish politics in Communist Hungary. As it is widely known, politicians of Jewish origin played an important role in the political life of post-war Hungary as leaders of the Communist party or as officials in the Communist governments. Their activity had a considerable effect, both directly and indirectly, on the life of Hungarian Jews. "Judeo-Bolshevic" rule is still a favorite topic of contemporary antisemitic publiciations. No doubt, the question of whether the Jewish origin of these politicians had an impact on their decisions, and if so, to what extent, could be a relevant subject for historical study. However, this essay deals with a different topic. It is concerned only with those politicians in post-war Hungary who identified themselves publicly as Jews or openly represented Jewish causes. How did these politicians, who viewed Jews as a collectivity and sought to defend the Jews’ collective interests, act in the troublesome post-war decades? 1. Prelude: from alliance to collaboration – Hungarian Jewish politics from Emancipation until the Holocaust “Hungary was the most unfavorable environment for the emergence of modern Jewish politics.” This was the conclusion drawn by Ezra Mendelsohn from an analysis of the circumstances of Jewish politics in Hungary after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (of 1867). (Mendelsohn, 1983. 107). Indeed, during the period in question, Hungary was the only country in Eastern Europe not to be affected by the political conflicts that led – in Russia, 2 Poland, the Baltic states, Romania and (after the First World War) in Czechoslovakia – to the development of autonomous modern Jewish politics and influential Jewish political organisations. -
American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas D
University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Doctoral Dissertations University of Connecticut Graduate School 7-21-2014 Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas D. Westerman University of Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Westerman, Thomas D., "Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917" (2014). Doctoral Dissertations. 466. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/dissertations/466 Rough and Ready Relief: American Identity, Humanitarian Experience, and the Commission for Relief in Belgium, 1914-1917 Thomas David Westerman, Ph.D. University of Connecticut, 2014 This dissertation examines a group of American men who adopted and adapted notions of American power for humanitarian ends in German-occupied Belgium with the Commission for Relief in Belgium (CRB) during World War I. The CRB, led by Herbert Hoover, controlled the importation of relief goods and provided supervision of the Belgian-led relief distribution. The young, college-educated American men who volunteered for this relief work between 1914 and 1917 constructed an effective and efficient humanitarian space for themselves by drawing not only on the power of their neutral American citizenship, but on their collectively understood American-ness as able, active, yet responsible young men serving abroad, thereby developing an alternative tool—the use of humanitarian aid—for the use and projection of American power in the early twentieth century. Drawing on their letters, diaries, recollections as well as their official reports on their work and the situation in Belgium, this dissertation argues that the early twentieth century formation of what we today understand to be non-state, international humanitarianism was partially established by Americans exercising explicit and implicit national power during the years of American neutrality in World War I. -
HSR Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018)
Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018) In this volume: Jason Kovacs reviews the history of the birth of the first Hungarian settlements on the Canadian Prairies. Aliaksandr Piahanau tells the story of the Hungarian democrats’ relations with the Czechoslovak authorities during the interwar years. Agatha Schwartz writes about trauma and memory in the works of Vojvodina authors László Végel and Anna Friedrich. And Gábor Hollósi offers an overview of the doctrine of the Holy Crown of Hungary. Plus book reviews by Agatha Schwartz and Steven Jobbitt A note from the editor: After editing this journal for four-and-a-half decades, advanced age and the diagnosis of a progressive neurological disease prompt me to resign as editor and producer of this journal. The Hungarian Studies Review will continue in one form or another under the leadership of Professors Steven Jobbitt and Árpád von Klimo, the Presidents res- pectively of the Hungarian Studies Association of Canada and the Hungarian Studies Association (of the U.S.A.). Inquiries regarding the journal’s future volumes should be directed to them. The contact addresses are the Departments of History at (for Professor Jobbitt) Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, RB 3016, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada, P7B 5E1. [email protected] (and for Prof. von Klimo) the Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave. NE, Washing- ton DC, USA, 20064. [email protected] . Nándor Dreisziger Hungarian Studies Review, Vol. XLV, Nos. 1-2 (Spring-Fall, 2018) Contents Articles: The First Hungarian Settlements in Western Canada: Hun’s Valley, Esterhaz-Kaposvar, Otthon, and Bekevar JASON F. -
The Lion, the Rooster, and the Union: National Identity in the Belgian Clandestine Press, 1914-1918
THE LION, THE ROOSTER, AND THE UNION: NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE BELGIAN CLANDESTINE PRESS, 1914-1918 by MATTHEW R. DUNN Submitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors Approved by: _________________________ Dr. Andrew Denning _________________________ Dr. Nathan Wood _________________________ Dr. Erik Scott _________________________ Date Abstract Significant research has been conducted on the trials and tribulations of Belgium during the First World War. While amateur historians can often summarize the “Rape of Belgium” and cite nationalism as a cause of the war, few people are aware of the substantial contributions of the Belgian people to the war effort and their significance, especially in the historical context of Belgian nationalism. Relatively few works have been written about the underground press in Belgium during the war, and even fewer of those works are scholarly. The Belgian underground press attempted to unite the country's two major national identities, Flemings and Walloons, using the German occupation as the catalyst to do so. Belgian nationalists were able to momentarily unite the Belgian people to resist their German occupiers by publishing pro-Belgian newspapers and articles. They relied on three pillars of identity—Catholic heritage, loyalty to the Belgian Crown, and anti-German sentiment. While this expansion of Belgian identity dissipated to an extent after WWI, the efforts of the clandestine press still serve as an important framework for the development of national identity today. By examining how the clandestine press convinced members of two separate nations, Flanders and Wallonia, to re-imagine their community to the nation of Belgium, historians can analyze the successful expansion of a nation in a war-time context. -
Memories of Defending the Nation
Memories of Defending the Nation Commemorating the Battle of Waterloo in the Netherlands, in 1865 Pieter van den Berg MA Thesis History of Society Erasmus University of Rotterdam Cover page image: Edited photograph of Danklied op den vijftigsten gedenkdag van den Slag bij Waterloo (H. De Hoogh, Amsterdam 1865) (photograph: Kees van den Berg, May 8, 2012). Memories of Defending the Nation Commemorating the Battle of Waterloo in the Netherlands, in 1865 Pieter van den Berg 306330 MA Thesis History of Society Erasmus University of Rotterdam Thesis supervisor: Prof. dr. Maria Grever Second reader: dr. Maarten van Dijck Advisor internship: Prof. dr. Ben Schoenmaker 1 Content Acknowledgements 4 List of figures 5 List of abbreviations 5 1. Introduction 6 1.1 Historiography: Waterloo in collective memory studies 7 1.2 Research questions 10 1.3 Sources, methods and design 13 2. Commemorating Waterloo in theory 15 2.1 Historical culture 15 2.2 Collective memory 17 2.3 National identities and dealing with the past 22 2.4 Concluding remarks 25 3. Commemorating in context: 26 Europe, the Netherlands and Rotterdam around 1865 3.1 Between Waterloo and golden jubilee 26 3.2 The golden jubilee in the Netherlands 30 3.3 Waterloo throughout the nation 36 3.4 The case of Rotterdam 42 3.5 Concluding remarks 45 4. The various articulations of Waterloo in Rotterdam 46 4.1 Selling the past 46 4.2 Waterloo on paper 48 4.3 Parties and public celebrations 52 4.4 Parades galore 54 4.5 Waterloo for the next generation 60 4.6 Concluding remarks 66 2 5. -
44Bela Pokoly.Pdf
ON EXONYMS AND THEIR USE IN THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE Béla POKOLY Department of Land Administration and Geoinformation Hungarian Committee on Geographical Names Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Budapest [email protected] AZ EXONIMÁKRÓL ÉS HASZNÁLATUKRÓL A MAGYAR NYELVBEN Összefoglalás Az exonimák olyan nyelvi közösség által használt földrajzi nevek, amelyek különböznek a megnevezett alakzat környékén beszélt helyi nyelvtől. Az ENSZ a hivatalos nyelvhez köti a kifejezés meghatározását. A cikkben az exonimák használatáról általában, valamint egyes magyar sajátosságokról esik szó. A szerző kitér az exonimahasználat szűkítésének olyan lehetőségeire, mint a kifejezés meghatározásának lazítása, illetve egyes kisebbségi nyelvek helyi hivatalos státusának elismerése. Summary Exonyms are geographical names that are used by a language community different from the local language used at the named feature. The definition applied by the UN is tied to official language. Exonym use in general and some Hungarian cases in particular are highlighted in the article. The author touches on the possibility of reducing exonyms by amending its present strict definition, and by the recognition of local official status of certain minority languages. POKOLY: ON EXONYMS AND THEIR USE IN THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE Exonyms: Why they are used Ever since the emergence of international cartography, but notably since Albrecht Penck’s proposal in 1891 of the 1 : 1 m scale International Map of the World, cartographers have faced the challenge of putting names on maps of foreign territories. The idealistic approach of placing geographical names in their original forms on globes or world atlases is logical, but only at first sight. Logical, because different foreign territories are inhabited by peoples of different languages and features (waters, hills, streams, settlements etc.) are obviously named in these local languages. -
THE TRAGIC FATE of HUNGARY a Country Carved-Up Alive at Trianon
THE TRAGIC FATE OF HUNGARY A Country Carved-up Alive at Trianon YVES DE DARUVAR NEMZETOR Co- Publisher: Alpha Publications ISBN: 0-912404-03-5 Second Edition Printed by Alpha Publications Center Square, Pa. U.S.A. EXTRACTS FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FRENCH EDITION By General Ingold Former Grand Chancellor of the Order of Liberation This book was written by a man dedicated to the upholding of noble causes - the more seemingly hopeless the better. Thus, at the age of 20, he fought from the Fezzan to Tripolitania and from Tunisia to Normandy under General Leclerc's orders. At its darkest hour he elected France his mother country for she seemed mortally wounded, humiliated and beaten. He shed his blood in the desert so that France may rise from the dead in victory; gravely injured he was suffering agonies for years. Today the youngster of 1940, his willpower and intellect forged by the exercise of high functions overseas in the meantime, is going to war once more. But this time he is carrying no arms. It is this book with which he proposes to fight for the honour of "mutilated" Hungary and, faithful to Leclerc's tradition, he attacks. Yves de Daruvar is a knight in shining armour of our days. *** It is not for me to pronounce a comprehensive verdict on this brave, profoundly human and solidly documented book. I will therefore confine myself to the following brief remarks: The passages referring to the mutilation of Hungary (owing to the Treaty of Trianon) are deeply disturbing. They make us think. -
Changing the Name of the Hungarian State in 2011. Its Background, Reasons, and Aftermath
Int J Semiot Law https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-020-09692-y Renaming States—A Case Study: Changing the Name of the Hungarian State in 2011. Its Background, Reasons, and Aftermath Peter Takács1 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract A provision of the Hungarian constitution, adopted in 2011, has renamed the state. The name changed from the Republic of Hungary to Hungary, while the form of the state has remained “republic”. The purpose of this study is to explore the mean- ing, signifcance, and several consequences of this provision. The analysis consists of three main parts. The frst one gives a general overview of the functions of the names of states. It claims that not only names but also changing or modifying names of states—taking place either by name-giving or by shaping convention—can serve certain functions. The second part focuses on the historical and constitutional details of renaming the Hungarian state, and summarizes the legal context that provided the framework for the 2011 renaming. The third part outlines the arguments for the change, takes a look at the ofcial justifcation and actual reasons, and reveals some of the consequences of the name change in the past decade. The main contention of the paper is that the renaming of the Hungarian state that took place in 2011 lacked any overt and reasonable justifcation, and is best explained as an expression of anti- republican sentiment, which indicated, and partly paved the way for the transition into a kind of an authoritarian regime. Finally, the study raises a possible interpre- tation of the renaming of the Hungarian state in 2011, the point of which is that it adumbrated many later changes in public law and political systems. -
The First Macedonian Colony
The First Macedonian Colony The Untold History of the Macedonian Settlement in Granite City Victor Sinadinoski Macedonians of America Series 1 Copyright © 2019 by Victor Sinadinoski All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1795342872 2 For my brother, Dean. 3 4 PART I An Extraordinary Life 5 6 ONE The Death of Sarafov At the dawn of the 20th century, Turkish oppression in Macedonia was being challenged by a formidable revolutionary force known as the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). This ambitious secret society was overcrowded with impressive figures. Founded by teachers and intellectuals in 1893, it steadily became infused with bandits, peasants, mercenaries, merchants, priests, children, and women. Anyone who dreamed of freedom from the Sultan’s clutch and the establishment of a ‘Macedonia for the Macedonians’ carved a path into IMRO’s ranks. One such revolutionary was Boris Sarafov, perhaps the most unpredictable, perplexing and magnetic character of the Macedonian liberation movement. As a child, Sarafov witnessed his father and grandfather hauled through the streets of Solun1 as punishment for their political agitation, an event that “shook Sarafov’s soul and…shaped his future activities.”2 The young Macedonian swore revenge on the Turkish Empire. He moved to sovereign Bulgaria, joined the military, and in 1896 was elected president of the Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee,3 a Macedonian organization formed in Bulgaria that openly advocated for Macedonia’s freedom and was informally considered a tool of Bulgaria’s Prince Ferdinand. -
The Image of Hungarians in Lithuanian Folk Culture
Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 50 (1-3), pp. 99-105 (2005) THE IMAGE OF HUNGARIANS IN LITHUANIAN FOLK CULTURE Laima ANGLICKIENĖ Centre for Cultural Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Vytautas Magnus University Donelaičio 52-203,44244 Kaunas, Lithuania E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: This article analyses the image of Hungarians in Lithuanian customs of masking and oral folklore. The views of Lithuanians about this nation will be examined as they are reflected in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century in Lithuanian folklore. Keywords: Hungarians, Lithuanian, folklore, mask, magician Various reasons influenced the coming of strangers to Lithuania and their men tion in folklore. Of course neighbouring nations or ethnic groups who have always lived in the country, as well as enemies are more often encountered in folklore (ANGLICKIENĖ 2002: 89-92). As Hungarians do not belong to any of these groups they seem to be a quite exotic nation to the Lithuanians. However, historical events influenced links between Lithuanians and Hungarians. At the end of the 18th cen tury the Lithuanian-Polish Republic was divided and its territory annexed to other countries. The Habsburg Empire was given a part of Poland and thus came closer to Lithuania. In the 19th century the name of Hungarians was widely applied to the tradesmen - pedlars, travelling craftsmen - and to the students who studied medi cine at the universities of Austria-Hungary and had to do the practical work of their training, that is to treat people and domestic animals, in other countries. Those tradesmen and craftsmen wandered from Poland to Lithuania. -
Master Thesis
MASARYK UNIVERSITY, BRNO MASARYK UNIVERSITY MASTER THESIS 2018 Jeffrey van Dooren Faculty of Social Studies Department of International Relations and European Studies What is Viktor Orbán’s position towards the European Union? Master thesis for the course Thesis writing seminar Author: Jeffrey van Dooren Supervisor: Vratislav Havlík, Ph.D M.A. in European Politics II Year, III semester 2 3 This thesis is dedicated to my grandmother, Jenny Schepers-Kuik She passed away on 12th May 2015, which was the same day I got accepted in the European Politics master’s program. I still miss you every day and I wish you were there to witness how most of my dreams came through the last three years. These dreams came though thanks to Masaryk university. I want to specially thank my supervisor Vratislav Havlík. For his undying support and advise during this process. I also would like to thank Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem, András Schweitzer and Sophie Hochrath. ELTE accepted me on an Erasmus scholarship, to do my research in Budapest. András Schweitzer provided me with the contacts of the specialists for my empirical chapter. Lastly, I would like to thank my girlfriend, Sophie Hochrath. We met during my first semester at Masaryk, while she was on Erasmus. We moved together to Budapest and there are no words to describe her support during my moments of doubt during this process. I mentioned that most of my dreams came though. I managed to do two internships the last Academic year. The first one was at the European Parliament. To the Dutch delegation of the Socialists & Democrats. -
My Campaign for Hungary
MY CAMPAIGN FOR HUNGARY BY VISCOUNT ROTHERMERE (Author of “Warnings and Predictions “) MCMXXXIX EYRE AND SPOTTISWOODE LONDON DEDICATED WITH DEVOTION AND GRATITUDE TO HIS SERENE HIGHNESS THE REGENT OF HUNGARY ADMIRAL HORTHY AND HIS PATIENT AND COURAGEOUS PEOPLE rmere FOREWORD by FERENC HERCZEG THAT Lord Rothermere enjoys immense popularity in Hungary is so well known as to be almost proverbial. It is not with the higher social circles of the country alone that he is connected by this tie of sentiment. It unites him just as strongly with the hearts of the masses. Millions who have never set eyes on him,—who perhaps cannot even pronounce his name aright,—nevertheless revere and love him. In the whole history of Hungary there has never been a similar bond between the nation as a whole and any individual foreigner. The only parallel for Lord Rothermere’s popularity was that accorded to the heroes of the Hungarian War of Independence. He is known throughout the country as “The Little Father of Hungary “. This title has a deep psychological significance. It was forged spontaneously in the soul of the people. It is a unique expression of the passionate warmth of Hungarian national feeling. There is no surer foundation for human friendship than generous sympathy displayed in times of suffering and misery. Amid all the struggles of her troublous past, Hungary never knew such wretchedness as in the years that followed the Peace Treaty of Trianon. Her people were conscious that they had done their duty on the battlefield, and that they had behaved magnanimously towards those of their adversaries who fell into their hands.