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The Meat and Dairy Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia the Meat and Dairy Sector

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The Meat and Dairy Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Bosnia the Meat and Dairy Sector This project is funded by the European Union Please address comments and inquiries to: Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons (FAO) The Meat and Dairy Sector in Benczúr u. 34, 1068 Budapest, Hungary Telephone: (+36) 1 461 2000 Fax: (+36) 1 351 7029 Bosnia and Herzegovina Email: [email protected] Website: www.fao.org/europe/en Preparation of IPARD Sector Analyses in Bosnia and Herzegovina Electronic Version of the report: h p://www.fao.org/europe/publica ons/documents-and-reports/IPARD-BiH/ 2012 The Meat and Dairy Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina The Meat and Dairy Sector FAO Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia 31 August 2012 FAO Regional Ofice for Europe and Central Asia Cover photograph: ©FAO/Vlado Pijunovic The Meat and Dairy Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina Prepara on of IPARD Sector Analyses in Bosnia and Herzegovina GCP/BIH/007/EC Contract number: 2010/256–560 Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons This publica on has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publica on are the sole responsibility of the Regional Offi ce for Europe and Central Asia of the Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons and can in no way be taken to refl ect the views of the European Union. The designa ons employed and the presenta on of material in this publica on do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organiza on of the United Na ons (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authori es, or concerning the delimita on of its fron ers or boundaries. The men on of specifi c companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not men oned. All rights reserved. FAO encourages reproduc on and dissemina on of material in this publica on. Non- commercial uses will be authorized free of charge. Reproduc on for resale or other commercial purposes, including educa onal purposes, may incur fees. Applica ons for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials and all other queries on rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Offi ce of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO,Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2012 Mesni i mliječni sektor u Bosni i Hercegovini 1. Izvršni sažetak i Hercegovini; i objedinjuje sta s čke podatake kao i nalaze ankete koja je Ovaj dokument je sačinjen u standardnom sprovedena na farmama u svrhu ove studije IPARD formatu sektorske studije, sa analizom kako bi se formirala sveobuhvatna procjena koja se progresivno razrađuje kroz poglavlja broja stada i jata, broja živo nja, kao i kako slijedi: proizvodnje mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda 1.1 Osnovne informacije i ključni podaci kao i vrste marke nga za svaki p farme, sa procjenama vrijednos i obima Poglavlje 1 pruža opšte informacije o Bosni i Hercegovini kao i sektoru stočarstva, – Ključni nalaz 3: Stočarskim sektorom pripremljeno za svaku pojedinačnu dominira veliki broj veoma malih sektorsku studiju na osnovu objavljenih gazdinstava sta s čkih podataka. – Ključni nalaz 4: Broj “komercijalnih” farmi je veoma malen, premda proizvode većinu – Ključni nalaz 1: Stočarstvo je najavažniji peradi kao i umjeren omjer ukupnog broja sektor BiH poljoprivrede ovaca . Ukupno BDP: € 12,7 milijardi Stočarske farme u BiH mogu da se podijele u . Poljoprivreda BDP: € 930 miliona (7 posto) tri sektora: . Stočarstvo dobitak: € 900 millona (cijena . Domaćinski sektor, koji uglavnom proizvodi proizvoda koju dobija farma) u svrhu sopstvene proizvodnje plus nešto malo neformalne prodaje – Ključni nalaz 2: Preko 300.000 poljoprivrednih gazdinstava drži nešto • Goveda = 1 krava stoke, čime se značajno doprinosi prihodu • Ovce = 1-5 ovaca/janjad za tovljenje domaćinstva • Svinje = 1 krmača/1-3 svinje za tovljenje Na anke ranim farmama: • Perad = 1-20 kvočki/1-50 brojlera . Mlijeko i mliječni proizvodi uzimaju učešće . Komercijalni sektor, veće farme sa 20 procenata u prihodu domaćinstva koje uglavnom proizvode za prodaju registrovanim klaonicama i mljekarama: . Mlijeko i stoka uzimaju učešće sa 50 procenata u prihodu domaćinstva • Goveda = preko 20 krava • Ovce = preko 100 ovaca 1.2 Farmeri / poljoprivredni proizvođači • Svinje = preko 20 krmača/200 svinja za Poglavlje 2 daje pregled ključnih sta s čkih tovljenje po ciklusu podataka a potom razrađuje kvan ta van • Perad = preko 500 kvočki / 1.000 brojlera opis i pologiju stočarskih farmi u Bosni po ciklusu Tabela 1.1: Broj farmi i živo nja Vrsta Farme Ukupno grla Rasplodne ženke 381.000 223.000 Goveda 161,000 (cca. 2,4) (cca. 1,4 krave) 1,515,000 1,059,000 Ovce 63,000 (cca. 24 ovce) (cca. 17 ovaca) 585,000 82.000 Svinje 127,000 (cca. 4,6 svinja) (cca. 0,7 krmača) 188.000 (nosilje) 6,6 miliona 5,5 million Perad 29.000 (brojlera) (cca. 227 kokoški) (cca. 26 kokoški) Grafi kon 1.1: Broj farmi po sektoru . Sektor malih farmi, sve druge farme, npr. – Ključni nalaz 5: Farme sa 1-5 krava proizvode one koje uglavnom proizvode za prodaju, 85 % od ukupne opskrbe mlijekom i 60 % ali su još uvijek ispod veličine koja se opskrbe mljekara mlijekom uobičajeno smatra ekonomski održivom farmom sa punim radnim vremenom u – Ključni nalaz 6: Korištenje domaćinstva zapadnoj Evropi i neformalni marke ng su veoma važni, posebno za mlijeko, ovčije meso i svinjsko Komercijalnim farmama se smatra veoma meso mali broj farmi za svaku vrstu, u sljedećim okvirima: Stočarski proizvodi dolaze na tržište putem tri glavna kanala: . Goveda: 400 farmi (0,25 procenata) . Domaćinstvo: Korištenje mlijeka, jaja, . Ovce: 1.000 farmi (1,6 procenata) domaćih mliječnih proizvoda kao i mesa . Svinje: 25 farmi (0,02 procenata) od živo nja zaklanih kod kuće od strane . Perad: 600 farmi (0,3 procenata) proširene farmerske porodice. Grafi kon 1.2: Broj živo nja po sektoru Grafi kon 1.3: Marke nški kanali za mlijeko, meso i jaja . Neformalni marke ng: Prodaja mlijeka i – Ključni nalaz 7: Potrošnja mesa po jaja direktno lokalnim potrošačima ili na glavi stanovnika je pična za region, sa (zelenim) pijacama; prodaja stoke za klanje balansom između vrsta koje odražavaju mesarima, restoranima i porodicama. lokalne uslove i preference . Formalni marke ng: Prodaja mlijeka ZAKL JUČAK 1: Strukture farmi će se mljekarama i stoke registrovanim klaonicama. promijeni , ali vremenski polako, a BiH Grafi kon 1.4: Godišnja potrošnja mesa po glavi stanovnika treba da planira ulazak u EU sa stočarskim – Ključni nalaz 16: Prerada mlijeka kombinuje sektorom kojim dominiraju male farme lokalne zalihe sa je inim uvozom ZAKL JUČAK 2: Broj farmi dovoljno velikih Proizvođači navode da: da budu uspješno konkurentne za . Meso lokalnih proizvođača je do 30 % IPARD grantove je mali, i većina farmi će skuplje nego uvoz zah jeva dodatne izvore inves ranja . Kvaliteta uveženog mesa je dosta adekvatna obradi 1.3 Prerađivači . Željeli bi da koriste više uveženog mesa Poglavlje 3 daje sistemski opis formalne proizvodnje mlijeka i mliječnih proizvoda – Ključni nalaz 17: Asor man mesnih u Bosni i Hercegovini, a prvenstveno se proizvoda je tradicionalan, usmjeren zasniva na anke izvršenoj licem u lice sa ka lokalnom i CEFTA tržištu, sa dobrom proizvođačima od strane projektnog ma. kontrolom kvaliteta i pakiranjem – Ključni nalaz 8: Prerađivački sektor se – Ključni nalaz 18: Tvornice za mesnu oporavio nakon rata, u nekim slučajevima preradu subrom stanju, ali neophodna su čak uspijeva i da “prevaziđe” susjedne znatna ulaganja u klaonice za crveno meso zemlje – Ključni nalaz 19: BiH nema odgovarajući – Ključni nalaz 9: Prikupljanje mlijeka je sistem odlaganja otpada iz klaonica kao ni raznovrsno, a uključuje otkupne centre uginule ili oboljele stoke i posrednike kao i direktno prikupljanje ZAKLJU ČAK 3: Mljekare i proizvođači mlijeka od strane mljekara, a određene količine treba da učine svoj asor man raznolikijim sirovog mlijeka još uvijek nije rashlađeno kako bi prodrli na tržište EU – ali imaju – Ključni nalaz 10: Dnevno prikupljanje male pods caje na inovacije bez pristupa mlijeka po farmi je neznatno (cca. 26 tržištu litara), čime se povećava jedinična cijena ZAKLJU ČAK 4: Kako proces EU integracije – Ključni nalaz 11: Tes ranje sirovog mlijeka povećava pristup je inijem uvoznom teče dobro u RS, ali ne i u FBiH mesu, benefi cije od istog će osje prerađivači, ali će to stavi dodatni – Ključni nalaz 12: Proizvodnja mlijeka je pri sak na proizvođače dvomodna ZAKL JUČAK 5: Najvažniji inves cioni prioritet . Više od 75 % prikupljenog mlijeka obrađuje u preradi koji je relevantan za IPARD 7 mljekara je tretman tekućeg otpada i odlaganje . Oko 50 mljekara, plus nepoznat broj mikro otpada mljekara obrađuje preostalih 25 % 1.4 Javna poli ka – Ključni nalaz 13: Većina mljekara se koncentrise na etablirane regionalne Poglavlje4 daje pregled državne podrške, proizvode, sa većim mljekarama koje regulatorne i trgovinske poli ke koje u ču također proizvode UHT mlijeko stočarske farme i prerađivački; uključuje i opš uvod u strategije na državnom i – Ključni nalaz 14: Većina mljekara je u en teskom nivou, koje su izrađene za svih dobrom stanju u tehničkom i fi nansijskom pet sektorskih studija. smislu, a gotove sve imaju HACCP ser fi kat – Ključni nalaz 20: Jedinstvena – Ključni nalaz 15: Osnovne potrebe se administra vna struktura BiH pruža odnose na laboratorije, i posebno na posebne izazove u smislu kreiranja poli ka, odgovarajuće odlaganje tekućeg otpada implementacije kao i sprovođenja is h Grafi kon 1.5: Vanjska trgovina BiH za stočarski sektor u 2010.
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