DOCSLIB.ORG

Read Book Myths and Legends of the Eastern Front : Reassessing the Great Patriotic War Pdf Free Download

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Read Book Myths and Legends of the Eastern Front : Reassessing the Great Patriotic War Pdf Free Download MYTHS AND LEGENDS OF THE EASTERN FRONT : REASSESSING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Boris Sokolov | 320 pages | 13 Nov 2019 | Pen & Sword Books Ltd | 9781526742261 | English | South Yorkshire, United Kingdom Myths and Legends of the Eastern Front : Reassessing the Great Patriotic War PDF Book The opening verses of the Gospel of John were a frequently used text:. If you have feedback about this board game series please use email, this way we can have a constructive back and forth chat without the limits of the store's comment system. Share This Page Tweet. See details for additional description. German victory there. Graham Boak. Yet, we know that the Soviets obtained major victories even when they did not have the winter on their side. Testimonianze popolari tra fede e superstizione , Rome Aracne. Many of these covers featured depictions of soldiers, prominent political leaders, Union or WWII Forums. As a result, as Boris Sokolov shows in this powerful and thought-provoking study, the heroic and tragic side of the war is highlighted while the dark side—the incompetent, negligent and even criminal way the war was run—is overlooked. These cookies are used to make advertising messages more relevant to you. The perfect patriotic notebook to write in, sketch in, doodle in and more. Religious faith and doubt among British and American great war soldiers , Westport Praeger Publishers. The campaigns are based on the time-tested gaming mechanics TBS turn-based strategy enthusiasts are familiar with from both the classic PC war games and legendary tabletop board games. Author Keywords. Instead he wanted a broad front attack and killed all his reserves. Join Date: Dec Posts: International Encyclopedia of the First World War. International Encyclopedia of the First World War for their helpful comments; I am responsible for errors and interpretation. Popular religious beliefs were essential to the hearts and minds of billions of people across the globe. Some postcards invoked the saints as patrons that would protect the believer and in some cases harm the enemy. As Jay Winter noted in his classic work, spiritualism contained both secular and religious variants. Sometimes these practices had partially archaic and unknowable roots. Had Stalin lost his nerve or been replaced or even a significant coup mounted against him the Soviets Union might not have survived. The plethora of saints allowed believers to invoke the protection of specific intercessors, such as St. The Great War transformed perceptions of Jewish assimilation, reordering Jewish global settlement patterns away from Europe. For more information on what data is contained in the cookies, please see our Cookie Policy. For the last twenty years he has concentrated on Soviet twentieth-century history, writing about Lavrentiy Beria, Joseph Stalin, Vyacheslav Molotov and Leonid Brezhnev. Shall we not try to insure against so deplorable a fate the songs of our own revolution? During the Civil War, private printers in both the North and South produced a vast If one considers European secularization as exceptional, or at least multifaceted, rather than normative, the Great War highlights the vibrant religious spectrum and the changes that began in , which helped to shape the modern religious landscape, especially the rise of a Global South and the sociopolitical importance of the Middle East. During the Civil War, private printers in both the North and South produced a vast array of envelopes featuring iconography designed to promote each side's war effort. Sign in to Purchase Instantly. Whenever possible, scholars of popular religion recapture the individual expressions of religious belief using inherently impressionistic or even pointillist portrayals. About the Author AuthorBoris Sokolov is a military historian, geographer and anthropologist and an expert in Russian literature. Contrary to popular stereotypes of religion during wartime, there certainly were atheists in the foxholes. McMillan , Hardcover 5. Myths and Legends of the Eastern Front : Reassessing the Great Patriotic War Writer Soldiers went to war bearing religious medals of saints, while home front believers similarly invoked saints as intercessors to protect their loved ones fighting. From the point of art of war, there is no doubt about the incompetent way Soviets fought. Doudna shows this spring will range from jazz performances and choral ensembles to orchestral performances and electronic music. Mitchell began her two-year term effective May 15, joini. This article will reflect both the historiographic imbalance, as well as point the way toward future global developments. First Night kicks off the official start of a new EIU academic year. By , this number had grown to million or 46 percent, and it is estimated that by , 1 billion souls, one- third of the Christian population globally, will be Africans. Thursday, Oct. He wil. Brand new: Lowest price The lowest-priced brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable. Send a private message to edwest2. Further, and in clear support of those values, EIU denounces the words of recently electe. See all 8 brand new listings. The lecture kicks off the week at 5 p. Donations will then go to local community agencies in need. Many of the events also will provide part. She has b. Talismans and amulets found numerous forms during the war, sometimes including lockets of hair, rings from loved ones or personal items associated with family members or local religious sites. The increase follows a familiar trend for the university, which once again has seen considerable boost. Thomas, Marsha A. News and World Re. I have also found some sources that say that there were several cases where Russian armor would ram into German armor or other equipment deliberately. Registration deadlines begin Feb. The association issues other recognitions — for articles, photos and investigations — for various circulation sizes or publication frequency. Earlier bloomings took place in , , and See also Houlihan, Catholicism , p. Entries may be installed at the library after 3 p. The round-robin tournament will involve nearly high school students representing 22 teams from the surrounding area. Just one month ago, I began serving our university as its 12th president. The talk, set to begin at 7 p. For religious believers, existential questions of the human condition were not ultimately determined by whether their states won or lost the war. He made the sacrifice and felt that this action saved his life. Nevertheless, the presence of alternative narratives lends much strength to a more varied popular religious experience. Richard Jones As an incoming college freshman in the late s, Richard Jones already knew he wanted to someday teach. The event will take place at 7 p. The apparitions included interpreted prophecies of an even greater war to come, visions of hell, and the need to repent for sins. Schweitzer, Richard: The cross and the trenches. Loading Search Results Derek Pierce decided to take matters in his own hands, again, this year. Those who are interested in seeing what the Community Closet offers can check in with April J. A difficult subject but I thought it was worth mentioning. Officials at Eastern Illinois University are encouraged by a healthy increase in both the number of international students and graduate students in attendance during the Spring semester. On the evening of Friday, May 30, the building will be decorated in g. The Textbook of Distinction Award is conferred to recognize college-level textbooks that show important contributions. McLaughlin, who started at EIU on Monday, July 30, brings an extensive background in legal counseling in both higher education and business, and looks forward to her new role at EIU and as a citizen of Central Illinois. Although almost eighty years have passed since the defeat of Nazi Germany, he demonstrates that many of the fabrications put forward during the war and immediately afterwards persist into the present day. It is through the direct efforts of our members that the Foundation is able to fulfill its mission of support to the university. What is freedom? Myths and Legends of the Eastern Front : Reassessing the Great Patriotic War Reviews Rameau Subject Headings. Officers and other rear area personnel had to forgo greatcoats in the spring. In , he was forced to resign from his post at the Russian State Social University after publishing an article about the Russian-Georgian War. Join Date: Mar Posts: The statue seemed to defy gravity, and British soldiers constructed a popular story that the war would end on the day that the Madonna finally fell to the ground. He also was an exchange student in the former Soviet Union and spent several years living and working in post-communist Russia. Version 1. Soldiers and civilians claimed to see apparitions of religious figures such as the Virgin Mary and Jesus Christ walking on battlefields, hovering over the skies or appearing at home. The pre-Christian and pagan elements of Catholic and Orthodox religious cultures allowed an easier conceptual shift for religious believers to embrace a wide variety of talismanic practices designed to ward off evil. Share This Page Tweet. CreateSpace Publishing. Your name or email address: Do you already have an account? Boris Sokolov is a prolific author and a member of PEN International, which celebrates literature and promotes freedom of expression. Suffering from influenza , which only added realism for her listeners, the millenarian Nontetha Nkwenkwe from the Eastern Cape warned of God spreading disease as punishment for all society. Andrei Demjanko Senior Member. From the outset, one should acknowledge that religious mobilization and popular belief included the doubters and deniers, as well as those believers who were repelled by forms of public religiosity. However, without these cookies, certain functionality like videos may become unavailable. In a big way I agree.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Exorcising Stalin's Ghost
    TURNING BACK TOTALITARIANISM: Exorcising Stalin’s Ghost Matthew R. Newton The Evergreen State College N e w t o n | 1 "During times of universal deceit, telling the truth becomes a revolutionary act." --George Orwell The death of Joseph Stalin left the Soviet Union in a state of dynastic confusion, and the most repressive elements of the society he established remained. After Nikita Khrushchev secured power in the mid-1950s, he embarked on a campaign to vanquish these elements. While boldly denouncing Stalin’s cult of personality and individual authority in his ‘Secret Speech’ of 1956, he failed to address the problems of a system that allowed Stalin to take power and empowered legions of Stalin-enablers. Khrushchev’s problem was complex in that he wanted to appease the entire Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956 and yet legitimize his position of power. The level of embeddedness of Stalinism in the Soviet Union was the biggest obstacle for Khrushchev. Characterized with the “permanent” infrastructure of the Soviet Union, Stalin’s autocratic rule was intertwined with virtually all aspects of Soviet life. These aspects can be broken down into four elements: Stalin’s status as an absolute champion of Communism, and his cult of personality; the enormous amount of propaganda in all forms that underlined Stalin as the “protector” of the Soviet Union during threat and impact of foreign war, and the censorship of any content that was not aligned with this mindset; the necessity and place of the Gulag prison camp in the Soviet economy, and how it sustained itself; and the transformation of Soviet society into something horrifically uniform and populated with citizens whom were universally fearful of arrest and arbitrary repression.
    [Show full text]
  • 20Th Century Mass Graves Proceedings of the International Conference Tbilisi, Georgia, 15 to 17 October 2015
    IPE International Perspectives 74 in Adult Education 20th Century Mass Graves Proceedings of the International Conference Tbilisi, Georgia, 15 to 17 October 2015 Matthias Klingenberg / Arne Segelke (Editors) International Perspectives in Adult Education – IPE 74 The reports, studies and materials published in this series aim to further the develop- ment of theory and practice in adult education. We hope that by providing access to information and a channel for communication and exchange, the series will serve to increase knowledge, deepen insights and improve cooperation in adult education at international level. © DVV International 2016 Publisher: DVV International Institut für Internationale Zusammenarbeit des Deutschen Volkshochschul-Verbandes e. V. Obere Wilhelmstraße 32, 53225 Bonn, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)228 97569 - 0 / Fax: +49 (0)228 97569 - 55 [email protected] / www.dvv-international.de DVV International is the Institute for International Cooperation of the Deutscher Volkshochschul-Verband e. V. (DVV), the German Adult Education Association. As the leading professional organisation in the field of Adult Education and development cooperation, DVV International provides worldwide support for the establishment and development of sustainable structures for Youth and Adult Education. Responsible: Christoph Jost Editors: Matthias Klingenberg/Arne Segelke Managing Editor: Gisela Waschek Opinions expressed in papers published under the names of individual authors do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher and editors. This publication, or parts of it, may be reproduced provided the source is duly cited. The publisher asks to be provided with copies of any such reproductions. The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National­­ bibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available at http://dnb.ddb.de ISBN: 978-3-942755-31-3 Corporate design: Deutscher Volkshochschul-Verband e.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Fallacies in Communist Propaganda
    Historical Fallacies in Communist Propaganda Anna Zofia Cichocka, PhD 'Who controls the past controls the future,' wrote George Orwell in 1984, a novel that portrays the stark nature of totalitarianism. For communists, control over collective memory was an indispensable element of exercising and strengthening power. Its tool was a lie – the foundation of totalitarian enslavement. A story rewritten Once the communists came to power as a result of the coup in Russia in 1917, history became an area of strict political control. It was supposed to serve the current political interests of those in power and the Soviet Empire. It was subject to censorship and became an instrument of propaganda. As a science that explores the past, it was no more. It was constantly being rewritten. As ordered by the Communist Party, which was considered infallible, large-scale manipulation was carried out. Selected facts, dates and people were distorted or deleted. For example, after the removal from office and the killing of the head of the Soviet secret police Lavrentiy Beria in 1953, subscribers to The Great Soviet Encyclopaedia were instructed to use a razor blade to cut out a page containing an entry with his name and portrait and paste new sheets with the entry 'The Bering Sea' in its place. The same thing happened with the famous photograph depicting the Soviet dictator Stalin and Beria's predecessor Nikolay Yezhov. When Yezhov was murdered, he suddenly 'disappeared' from the photo, which was duly prepared before its successive publications. Access to the archives was strictly regulated, and revealing the truth or accepting an interpretation of history different from the official version became a crime, for which people risked being repressed.
    [Show full text]
  • Film: the Death of Stalin
    FILM: THE DEATH OF STALIN FDG RATING: 3.2 JJJ Film Discussion Group (FDG) Scale is 1-5 (5 is best) Armando Iannucci: director/co-writer Steve Buscemi: actor, Nikita Khrushchev Simon Russell Beale: actor, Lavrentiy Beria Jeffrey Tambor: actor, Georgy Malenkov DATE: April 22, 2018 DISCUSSION SUMMARY: THE DEATH OF STALIN The Death of Stalin is a clever, raucous political lampoon about bumbling Moscow bureaucrats, backstabbing their way to the top of the heap in an elaborate frantic power struggle to become the next Soviet leader when their tyrannical dictator, Joseph Stalin. drops dead. Among the contenders are sadistic secret police chief Beria who, accompanied by babbling CP Central Committee bigwig Malenkov (Arrested Development’s Jeffrey Tambor), take charge of the situation. Moscow Party Head Nikita Khrushchev (Steve Buscemi) arrives with the rest of the Committee, except for Foreign Minister Molotov, whom Stalin added to his list of enemies the previous night. If these names ring a bell and you can form an historical/political context for the actions that followed, you will have a greater appreciation for the satirical humor that crowds the entire film. The rest of us were at a disadvantage and felt that we were missing a lot of the clever parody and double entendre. But it was just so entertaining, most us laughed out loud anyway. No one really knows what happened behind those heavy red curtains (Wikipedia’s explanation of each character’s role is very helpful) so director/co-writer Armando Iannucci lets the slapstick roll as the farce unfolds while funeral arrangements are made and Stalin’s unstable son Vasily and daughter Svetlana are dealt with.
    [Show full text]
  • Burden of the Brezhnev Doctrine: New Perspectives on the Collapse
    Matthew Newton JSIS A530 Dr. Jones Autumn Quarter 2016 The Burden of the Brezhnev Doctrine: New Perspectives on the Collapse Even before the inception of the Soviet Union, debate raged about how best to achieve socialism in the ailing Romanov empire. The extreme left, Leon Trotsky in particular, advocated for global communism achieved by international revolution. His successor, and later murderer, Joseph Stalin, co-opted Lenin’s policy of “Socialism in one country;” the Soviet Union would be the world’s paragon in the ascent to socialism. Once it achieved it, the workers of the world would unite and build communism globally, and the borders between nations would wither away in accordance with Marxism-Leninism. However, at the end of World War II, the Red Army found itself occupying eight quasi-sovereign states in Eastern and Central Europe. The relationship between the Soviet Union and the subjugated states shifted soon after their integration into the Warsaw Pact (formerly known as the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance). During the Soviets’ march to Berlin and the early post-war years, the Red Army carried out a massive transfer of wealth and assets from the peripheries of occupied territory to Moscow. (Applebaum, 2012) Nonetheless, in financially supporting these nations and their leading communist parties, the Soviet empire gradually overextended itself from the inside outward. The relationship between Moscow and its European satellites proved tenuous and politically unviable as early as 1956, when what would become known as the Brezhnev Doctrine was used to retroactively justify the invasion of Hungary. Meanwhile, Nikita Khrushchev wielded the policy of nuclear brinksmanship in order to scare the United States out of initiating nuclear war.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd Student Dieter Bacher University of Graz, Ludwig Boltzmann-Institute for Research Into Consequences of War, Austria
    INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE „WORLD WAR II PRISONERS IN THE NAZI AND SOVIET CAMPS IN 1939–1948“ 14-15 MAY 2015, ŠILUTĖ PhD student Dieter Bacher University of Graz, Ludwig Boltzmann-Institute for Research into Consequences of War, Austria TRACES TO “SIBERIA”. PERSONAL FILES OF AUSTRIAN POWS IN THE RUSSIAN STATE ARCHIVES AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF RESEARCHING INDIVIDUAL FATES IN THE GUPVI First of all I want to thank the organizers for the invitation to this very interesting and important conference. I’m here also on behalf of the director of our institute, Prof. Stefan Karner, who is very sorry that it was not possible to him to come, because of other urgent appointments in Austria at the same time. So, I’m also here on his behalf to present the research of our institute about the Soviet “Main Administration for prisoners of war and internees” GUPVI and the Austrian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union. The Soviet Main Administration for Prisoners of War and Internees (GUPVI) – establishment and development: This part of my presentation I’m doing on behalf of the 20 years of research by Prof. Stefan Karner, director of our institute and expert on the Soviet GUPVI. When he began his research about the camp system for prisoners of war and internees in the Soviet Union and about the Austrian prisoners of war there in 1991, even in Russia hardly nothing was known about this camp system. Until Nikita S. Khrushchev’s denouncement of Stalin in 1956, the camps of the other big camp system, the “GULAG archipelagos”, had not officially existed.
    [Show full text]
  • Lavrentiy Beria - Part I
    Volume 3 Number 128 Stalin's Butcher - Lavrentiy Beria - Part I Lead: In a history punctuated by rulers noted for their villainy, Russia produced few leaders as efficiently cruel or as feared as Stalin's exterminator, Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria. Tag: A Moment in Time with Dan Roberts. Content: In his long rule over the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin acquired a reputation for ruthlessness and near barbarity in the pursuit and maintenance of his power, yet it was some of his henchmen, anxious to do his bidding and please him, who brought a whole new dimension to the practice of state sponsored terrorism. There was Feliks Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky, son of a polish nobleman. He rose out of the ranks of the Lithuanian Socialist Party and was repeatedly arrested for revolutionary activity in the years leading up to the Bolshevik Revolution. Released after the October uprising in 1917, he was the founder and head of the first Soviet secret police, the All Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counterrevolution and Sabotage or CHEKA, which helped stabilize Lenin's dictatorship. In that capacity Dzerzhinsky gained the reputation as an incorruptible, ruthless, and fanatical communist. In 1924 he became an absolute supporter of Joseph Stalin in the struggle for leadership after Lenin's death and was made a candidate member of the Politburo. Two years later, during a frenzied debate in the party's central committee, he collapsed and died. Then there was Nikolai Ivanovich Yeshov, the "Dwarf" or 'Evil Dwarf' by popular reputation. He joined the Bolsheviks in March, 1917 rising through several posts until he became one of Stalin's favorites.
    [Show full text]
  • How Did the Red Army of the Soviet Union So Fiercely and Victoriously
    The Story behind the Battle: How did the Red Army of the Soviet Union so fiercely and victoriously defend Stalingrad in 1942-43 despite the lack of trained officers, equipment, preparation, and morale in 1941? Carol Ann Taylor Student No. 30620882 Thesis for Honours Degree of Bachelor of Arts in History School of Social Sciences and Humanities Murdoch University 2012 This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bachelor of Arts in History with Honours at Murdoch University, 2 November 2012 I declare that this thesis is a true account of my own work, unless indicated Signed: Carol Ann Taylor Date: 2 November 2012 Copyright Acknowledgement Form I acknowledge that a copy of this thesis will be held at Murdoch University Library. I understand that, under the provisions s51.2 of the Copyright Act 1968, all or part of this thesis may be copied without infringement of copyright where such a reproduction is for the purpose of study, and research. This statement does not signal any transfer of copyright away from the author. Signed: ................................................................................................ Full Name of Degree: Bachelor of Arts with Honours in History Thesis Title: The Story behind the Battle: How did the Red Army of the Soviet Union so fiercely and victoriously defend Stalingrad in 1942-43 despite the lack of trained officers, equipment, preparation, and morale in 1941? Author: Carol Ann Taylor Year: 2002 Abstract The victory over Axis forces by the Red Army during the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942-1943 is considered one of the major turning points of World War Two.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Forge of Stalin of Forge the in Kotljarchuk AUS Andrej Gammalsvenskby Is the Only Swedish Settlement to the East from Finland, Founded in 1782
    AUS AndrejAUS Kotljarchuk In the Forge of Stalin Gammalsvenskby is the only Swedish settlement to the east from Finland, founded in 1782. In the past of Gammalsvenskby the history of the Soviet Union, Sweden, Acta Universitatis Stockholmiensis the international communist movement and Nazi Germany combined in a bizar- Stockholms Studies In History, 100 re form. And even when the ploughmen of the Kherson steppes did not left their native village, the great powers themselves visited them with the intention to rule forever. The history of colony is viewed through the prism of the theory of “forced normalization” and the concept of “changes of collective identity“. The author intends to study the techniques of forced normalization and the strategy of the In the Forge of Stalin collective resistance. Swedish Colonists of Ukraine in Totalitarian Experiments Andrej Kotljarchuk is an associate professor in history, working as a university of the Twentieth Century lecturer at the Department of History, Stockholm University; and as a senior rese- archer at the School of Historical and Contemporary Studies, Södertörn University. His research focuses on ethnic minorities and role of experts’ communities, mass Andrej Kotljarchuk Stockholm 2014 violence and the politics of memory. His recent publications include the book chap- ters “The Nordic Threat: Soviet Ethnic Cleansing on the Kola Peninsula” (2014), “The Memory of Roma Holocaust in Ukraine: Mass Graves, Memory Work and the Politics of Commemoration” (2014); as well as the articles “World War II Memory Politics: Jewish, Polish and Roma Minorities of Belarus”, in Journal of Belarusian Studies (2013) and “Kola Sami in the Stalinist terror: a quantitative analysis”, in Journal of Northern Studies (2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Selected Records Relating to the Katyn Forest Massacre at the National Archives and Records Administration
    SELECTED RECORDS RELATING TO THE KATYN FOREST MASSACRE AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION The following is an overview of selected records at the National Archives and Records Administration concerning the Katyn Forest Massacre. For descriptions of series and digital images of some of the documents, please consult NARA's online catalog at http://www.archives.gov/research/search/ I. Records of the U.S. House of Representatives (Record Group 233) A. Committee Papers, House of Representatives Select Committee to Conduct an Investigation of the Facts, Evidence, and Circumstances of the Katyn Forest Massacre (82d Congress, lst and 2d Session, 1951-1952) (National Archives Identifier 583834) – This series is the largest collection of Katyn Forest Massacre-related records held by NARA. The committee heard 81 witnesses, examined 183 exhibits, and took more than 100 depositions. The Committee accumulated and created some 8,000 pages of documentation. B. Motion Picture Films From the Kerstin Committee Reports on Communist Aggression, 1953-1954 (National Archives Identifier 43289) – This series contains a film report titled [Congress. House. Baltic States Investigation: Hearing Before the Select Committee to Investigate the Incorporation of the Baltic States into U.S.S.R, 1953-1954] (233-KC-1266u) (National Archives Identifier 43290). The following reels discuss the treatment of Poles by the Soviets, as well as information on Katyn: Reel 2- This reel contains information on the deportation of 26,000 Poles from eastern Poland to Russia from 1939-1941. Adam Treszka reports on the statistics of Poles in Russia, military and civilian, and Poles freed in 1942.
    [Show full text]
  • Katyn and Its Prelude Stalin’S Polish Policy
    Miklós Mitrovits Central European Horizons, Vol I Issue 1 (2020) I Issue Vol Horizons, Central European Miklós Mitrovits Katyn and its prelude Stalin’s Polish policy On 3 December 1941, Władysław Sikorski, the Prime Minister of the Polish go- vernment-in-exile, Władysław Anders Polish general and Stanisław Kot, the Polish ambassador in Moscow visited Stalin. The theme for the discussion was the ways to set up a Polish army that would be made up of the Polish prisoners of war kept in the territory of the Soviet Union. Sikorski presented a list of 4000 names to Stalin and asked about the whereabouts of the persons on the list. The conversation that followed was something like: Sikorski: These people must be here [in the Soviet Union] because none of them has returned. Stalin: That’s impossible. They must have escaped. Anders: Where could they have gone? Stalin: Well, perhaps to Manchuria. When the Polish visitors pointed out that it was an impossible explanation Stalin came up with the following theory: “In that case, we must have let them free, but they have not reached home yet.” Anders returned to talk about the Polish prisoners of war again on 18 March 1942 and stated that “the officers that were kept at Kozelsk, Starobelsk and Ostashkov” have not returned. Stalin responded calmly: 5 Katyn and its prelude “I have given my orders to let them free. They say that they are in Franz Josef Land, but there is nobody there. I do not know where they are. Why would we hold them back? Perhaps they are in lagers in the German-occupied ter- ritory.
    [Show full text]
  • Life Behind the Iron Curtain to Register for a Free 30-Day Trial, See Inside
    Life behind the Iron Curtain To register for a free 30-day trial, see inside “Cold War Eastern Europe is a truly indispensable resource for students and academics alike studying the history of Eastern Europe, Communism and the Cold War. Due to the high quality of British diplomatic reporting, the collection will immensely enhance comparative research of the Soviet Bloc countries’ history.” Csaba Békés, Research Chair, Centre for Social Sciences, Institute for Political Science, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest. www.coldwareasterneurope.com A digital resource At a Glance During the Cold War, The U.K Foreign Office and their embassies and consulates throughout Eastern Europe were interested in every aspect of political, economic, cultural, social and dissident life behind the ‘Iron Curtain’. Reports covered a hugely diverse range of issues, from state leadership to protest movements; agricultural output to international trade agreements; scientific progress to minority populations; religion to sporting events; and state run media to popular culture. Cold War Eastern Europe, Module I: 1953–1960 provides access to over six thousand primary source files from the political departments of the U.K Foreign Office. Commencing in 1953, the year of Stalin’s death, this resource provides a comprehensive, English-language history of post-Stalinist Eastern Europe covering every country in Eastern Europe. Enabling comparative study of trends across Eastern Europe, or in-depth analysis of individual countries. Cold War Eastern Europe, Module II: 1961-1966 covers a series of events that altered the trajectory of the Cold War, including: the construction of the Berlin Wall; the Cuban Missile crisis; the rise of Leonid Brezhnev and the removal of Nikita Khrushchev as the head of the Soviet Union; the enactment of drastic reforms to the Soviet Union’s economy; and a deepening of ideological differences between China and the Soviet Union that culminated in the Sino-Soviet split.
    [Show full text]