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Digital Electronics 2: Introduction

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Digital Electronics 2: Introduction Digital Electronics 2: Introduction Martin Schoeberl Technical University of Denmark Embedded Systems Engineering February 4, 2021 1 / 68 Overview I Remote teaching and learning I Motivation and the digital abstraction I Course organization I Languages for digital hardware design I A first round of Chisel I Tools and tool setup I Lab: a hardware “Hello World” 2 / 68 Remote Learning I First: this is all new for the most of us I We need to be patient with each other I We should use Slack for quicker communication I Zoom for lecturing and lab: you are already there I Please have your camera on I Please mute your mic when not talking I Some nice features I You can raise your hand I You can ask questions with the mic or on chat I Everyone can share their screen or an individual window 3 / 68 Lab/Exercise Organization I Everyone at DTU can use the professional version of Zoom I http://dtudk.zoom.us/signin I You can also use Zoom for your group work I Zoom will also be used for the supervised lab I We will keep this Zoom meeting running with breakout rooms I Schedule a TA for help with Slack I You can also schedule a Zoom meeting with me at other times I This is a chance to learn how to collaborate remotely I This will be part of your future work as an engineer anyway I This experiment might change how we teach in the future 4 / 68 Lab Work I We will stick to the plan of a working Vending Machine I At the end it shall run in your FPGA board I I am a big fan of running stuff in real hardware I Demo your work to a TA via the camera I I know many groups have only one physical FPGA board I A lot can be done in simulation I I developed a simulation of the Basys3 board (during last lockdown) I I assume you will find a solution for file sharing I GitHub is a popular one for source code I Can also be used if you plan to write your report in LaTeX 5 / 68 Questions? I On lectures I On the group/lab work 6 / 68 A BIG Chip I https://singularityhub.com/2019/08/26/ this-giant-ai-chip-is-the-size-of-an-ipad-and-holds-1-2-trillion-transistors/ I 1:2 × 1012 transistors I If you design 1 gate (= 4 transistors) per second I It takes you 10 thousand years! I This calls for some abstraction 7 / 68 Digital Systems are Everywhere I Digital systems are all over in our live I No more analog media I CD, mobile phone, TV, DVD,... all digital now I Analog circuits only at the edge I The rest is processed in digital I If performance allows, functions are moved to software I But processor speedup has slowed down I Algorithms are moved back into hardware 8 / 68 FPGAs in the Cloud I High performance algorithm in an FPGA I An FPGA in the cloud I Intel offers FPGAs for servers I There was some reason why Intel bought Altera I And why AMD will buy Xilinx I We need digital designers to make this work I A good time to be a digital designer 9 / 68 The Digital Abstraction I Just two values: 0 and 1, a or low and hight b AND logic I Represented as voltage c OR I Digital signals tolerate noise I Digital Systems are simple, just: D Q I Combinational circuits and I Registers clock 10 / 68 Hardware Design in DK I Demant (former Oticon) I WSAudiology (former Widex) I GN ReSound I Microsemi I Intel (former Altera) Denmark I SyoSil I Comcores I Synopsys I Napatech I Teledyn I probably some more... I I They are all hiring 11 / 68 Example Design from Microsemi DK A picture of the board with the $50k Xilinx FPGA. This is a new board and is developed for ASIC prototyping in order to do pre-silicon validation as well as SW development. We have on the board currently mapped our current project: 8port industrial gigabit Ethernet switch with full TSN, CPU system ARM A7 with DDR, USB, PCIe and hardware security engines (SHA, AES) for secure boot of Linux and on the fly DRAM encryption. We scale and map all the digital logic to the FPGA. 12 / 68 Digital Design within an EE Master I Not an obvious choice, as there is no specialization in digital systems I Select some of the following courses I 02155: Computer Architecture and Engineering I 02203: Design of Digital Systems I 02211: Advanced Computer Architecture I 02205: VLSI Design I 02217: Design of Arithmetic Processors I 02204: Design of Asynchronous Circuits I 02209: Test of Digital Systems 13 / 68 Computer Engineering Education at DTU I On the border between hardware and software I Very well payed jobs :-) I Not an easy choice at DTU as well I No BSc available I Between EE and CS I Start with Bsc. in EE I Specialization in Indlejrede systemer og programmering I 02155: Computer Architecture and Engineering I 02105: Algoritmer og datastrukturer I Continue as MSc. in Computer Science and Engineering I Specialization in I Digital Systems I Embedded and Distributed Systems 14 / 68 Web Resources I DTU Learn I Vending machine document I Project report hand in I Course website I General information, starting point I Lab website I Lab material on GitHub I Chisel book website I Download the free PDF 15 / 68 Organization and Workload I Usually 2 hours lectures and 2 hours supervised lab I 5 ECTS is equivalent to 9 hours per week I That means 5 hours work on your own I Do some reading, prepare for the lecture and lab I Get the tools installed on your laptop I You have an FPGA board, experiment with it I You will learn a lot in this course, it will make you a better: I engineer I hardware designer I programmer, and I computer user in general I Try to have fun with building stuff that is real! 16 / 68 Communication and Getting Help I Several sources of information: I The Internet, Google, and Stackoverflow I Your fellow students (e.g., via Slack) I The TAs: Kasper and Tjark I Me I We will use Slack for easy communication (if ok for you) I https://de2021.slack.com/ I You can always just (virtually) knock on my door or shoot me an email I There is also anonymous feedback 17 / 68 Cheating and Plagiarism I It is ok and good practice to discuss problems and solutions with your fellow students I But you need to hand in your own solution I Copying stuff or offering stuff for copying is cheating I Copying material from somewhere is plagiarism and copyright violation I Cheating is handled quite rigorous at DTU, you might get expelled I Using source code control (GitHub) is good practice I However, keep it private. Otherwise you might contribute to cheating 18 / 68 This is an Open-Access/Open-Source Course I Almost all material is public visible I Slides are open access I Lab material is open access I Hosted on GitHub I You can contribute with a pull request I Becoming an author of this course :-) I The Chisel book is freely available 19 / 68 Lab Work I Some paper and pencil exercises I Most work on designing digital circuits with a hardware description language I Builds up to the final project: a vending machine I The vending machine and the report are graded 20 / 68 A Vending Machine from 1952 Source: Minnesota Historical Society, CC BY-SA 2.0 21 / 68 The Vending Machine I Final project is a vending machine I Inputs: coins, buy I Display: price and current amount I Output: release can or error I Small challenge to multiplex the display I State machine with data path is the brain of the VM I Will be guided step by step over several weeks I More details next week I VM in hardware versus VM in software I This is an exercise that you can solve with reasonable effort 22 / 68 Motivating Example for Chisel: Lipsi: Probably the Smallest Processor in the World I Tiny processor I Simple instruction set I Shall be small I Around 200 logic cells, one FPGA memory block I Hardware described in Chisel I Available at https://github.com/schoeberl/lipsi I Usage I Utility processor for small stuff I Could be used for your vending machine I In teaching for introduction to computer architecture I The design took place on the island Lipsi 23 / 68 The Design of Lipsi on Lipsi 24 / 68 Lipsi Implementation I Hardware described in Chisel I Tester in Chisel I Assembler in Scala I Core case statement about 20 lines I Reference design of Lipsi as software simulator in Scala I Testing: I Self testing assembler programs I Comparing hardware with a software simulator I All in a single programming language! I All in a single program I How much work is this? 25 / 68 Chisel is Productive I All coded and tested in less than 14 hours! I The hardware in Chisel I Assembler in Scala I Some assembler programs (blinking LED) I Simulation in Scala I Two testers I BUT, this does not include the design (done on paper) 26 / 68 Motivating Example: Lipsi, a Tiny Processor I Show in IntelliJ (if beamer allows) 27 / 68 The Slides are Online I http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/courses/02139/ I https://github.com/schoeberl/chisel-book/tree/ master/slides 28 / 68 20 Minutes Break I An active break I In Engineering we often use drawings for communication I How can we do this interactive in home office? I Use your smartphone with Zoom! I Break work: build your own smartphone camera stand 29 / 68 Why Chisel Instead of VHDL/Verilog/SystemVerilog? I Company O does Verilog, company W does VHDL I Why Chisel? I We learn principles of digital design, not tools I We pick a language that is modern and productive I When knowing principles, switching the language is a matter of a week I You are the future engineers and shall learn new tools I You may then bring Chisel into the company 30 / 68 More on Chisel Success Stories I Last year at CCC 2020 in silicon valley I 90 participants I More than 30 different chip companies present I Several companies are looking into Chisel I IBM did an open-source PowerPC I SiFive is a RISC-V startup
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