(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.433,214 B2 Hellwege Et Al

USOO9433214B2

(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.433,214 B2 Hellwege et al. (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 6, 2016

(54) ACTIVE COMPOUNDS COMBINATION (56) References Cited CONTAINING FILUOPYRAM BACILLUS AND BOLOGICALLY CONTROL AGENT U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 9,089,135 B2* 7/2015 Andersch ...... AON 43/40 (71) Applicants: BAYER INTELLECTUAL 2005/023411.0 A1 10/2005 Mansfield et al. PROPERTY GMBH, Monheim (DE); 2010/020941.0 A1 8, 2010 Schoef et al. 2010/0249193 A1 9/2010 Andersch et al. BAYER CROPSCIENCE AG, 2011/0110906 A1 5/2011 Andersch et al. Monheim (DE) 2014,0005047 A1 1/2014 Hungenberg et al. 2014.0056866 A1 2/2014 Andersch et al. (72) Inventors: Elke Hellwege, Langenfeld (DE); Heike Hungenberg, Langenfeld (DE) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: BAYER INTELLECTUAL EP 2460407 A1 6, 2012 WO 963284.0 A1 10, 1996 PROPERTY GMBH, Monheim (DE) WO 982 1966 A2 5, 1998 WO 2004O16088 A2 2, 2004 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this WO 2008/057131 A1 5, 2008 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 WO 2008126922 A1 10, 2008 WO 2012016989 A2 2, 2012 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO 2012O38480 A2 3, 2012 (21) Appl. No.: 14/373,916 OTHER PUBLICATIONS International Search Report received in PCT/EP2013/051108, (22) PCT Filed: Jan. 22, 2013 mailed May 7, 2013. (86). PCT No.: PCT/EP2013/051108 * cited by examiner S 371 (c)(1), Primary Examiner — Alton Pryor (2) Date: Jul. 23, 2014 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — McBee Moore Woodward & Vanik IP, LLC (87) PCT Pub. No.: WO2013/110591 (57) ABSTRACT PCT Pub. Date: Aug. 1, 2013 The present invention relates to active compound combina (65) Prior Publication Data tions and compostions for reducing the damage of plants and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables US 2014/03.64309 A1 Dec. 11, 2014 caused by insects, nematodes or phytopathogens and which have fungicidal or nematicidal or insecticidal activity (30) Foreign Application Priority Data including any combination of the three activities, in particu lar within a composition, which comprises (A) Fluopyram, Jan. 25, 2012 (EP) ...... 12152488 (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus (51) Int. Cl. pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain AOIN 63/00 (2006.01) GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and (C) at least one AOIN 43/40 (2006.01) biological control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or AOIN 63/02 (2006.01) yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, AOIN 63/04 (2006.01) inoculants, botanicals and products produced by microor AOIN 65/00 (2009.01) ganisms including proteins or secondary to metabolites. (52) U.S. Cl. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or CPC ...... A0IN 43/40 (2013.01): A0IN 63/00 preventively controlling insects, nematodes or phytopatho (2013.01); A0IN 63/02 (2013.01); A0IN gens on the plant, plant parts, harvested fruits or vegetables, 63/04 (2013.01): A0IN 65/00 (2013.01) to the use of a combination according to the invention for the (58) Field of Classification Search treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not None at least to the treated seed. See application file for complete search history. 17 Claims, No Drawings US 9,433,214 B2 1. 2 ACTIVE COMPOUNDS COMBINATION 126922. A description of nematicidal activity of Bacteria, in CONTAINING FILUOPYRAM BACILLUS AND particular Bacillus firmus is found in WO-A 1996/32840, a BIOLOGICALLY CONTROL AGENT description of nematicidal activity of Bacillus chitinosporus is found in WO-A 982 1966. CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED The use of bacteria Such as Bacillus sp. as biological APPLICATIONS control agent in Synergistic compositions with fungicides e.g. Fluopyram for controlling phytopathogenic organisms This application is a S371 National Stage Application of in agriculture is described e.g. in US 2011/0110906 A, US PCT/EP2013/051108, filed Jan. 22, 2013, which claims 2010/0249193 A, US 20100/209410 A, EP 2460407 A and priority to EP 12152488.8, filed Jan. 25, 2012. 10 WO 2012/016989. In these documents only binary mixtures of the biological control agent and Fluopyram are disclosed. BACKGROUND WO 2012/038480 A discloses seeds of a plant comprising (a) a gene preferably AXmi031, and AXn2 (producing pro 1. Field of the Invention teins of Bacillus thuringiensis), (b) a biological control The present invention relates to active compound com 15 agent preferably Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, (c) one or binations and compostions for reducing the damage of plants more insecticides (including biological control agents pref and plant parts as well as losses in harvested fruits or erably Pasteuria and Verticillium and (d) one or more vegetables caused by insects, nematodes or phytopathogens fungicides preferably Fluopyram. In this document Pasteu and which have fungicidal or nematicidal or insecticidal ria and Verticillium are not further specified. activity including any combination of the three activities, in Since the environmental and economic requirements particular within a composition, which comprises (A) Flu imposed on modern-day crop protection compositions are opyram, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacil continually increasing, with regard, for example, to the lus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus spectrum of action, toxicity, selectivity, application rate, pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain formation of residues, and favourable preparation ability, GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and (C) at least one 25 and since, furthermore, there may be problems, for example, biological control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or with resistances, a constant task is to develop new compo yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, sitions, in particular fungicidal or nematicidal agents, which inoculants, botanicals and products produced by microor in some areas at least help to fulfil the abovementioned ganisms including proteins or secondary metabolites. More requirements. The present invention provides active com over, the invention relates to a method for curatively or 30 pound combinations/compositions which in Some aspects at preventively controlling insects, nematodes or phytopatho least achieve the stated objective. gens on the plant, plant parts, harvested fruits or vegetables, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the SUMMARY treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and not at least to the treated seed. 35 It has now been found, Surprisingly, that the combinations 2. Description of Related Art according to the invention not only bring about the additive Fluopyram is defined to be the compound of the formula enhancement of the spectrum of action with respect to the (I) insects, nematodes or phytopathogens to be controlled that was in principle to be expected but achieves a synergistic 40 effect which extends the range of action of the component (I) (A) and of the component (B) and of the component (C) in two ways. Firstly, the rates of application of the component (A) and of the component (B) and of the component (C) are lowered whilst the action remains equally good. Secondly, 45 the combination still achieves a high degree of control of insects, nematodes or phytopathogens even where the two individual compounds have become totally ineffective in Such a low application rate range. This allows, on the one as well as the N-oxides of the compound thereof. hand, a Substantial broadening of the spectrum of phyto Fluopyram is a broad spectrum fungicide of the chemical 50 pathogenic fungi and nematodes that can be controlled and, class of pyridylethylbenzamide derivatives with penetrant on the other hand, increased safety in use. and translaminar properties for foliar, drip, drench and seed In addition to the fungicidal or nematicidal or insecticidal treatment applications on a wide range of different crops synergistic activity, the active compound combinations against many economically important plant diseases. It is according to the invention have further Surprising properties very effective in preventative applications against powdery 55 which, in a wider sense, may also be called synergistic, Such mildew species, grey mould and white mould species. It has as, for example: broadening of the activity spectrum to other an efficacy against many other plant diseases. Fluopyram has insects, nematodes or phytopathogens, for example to resis shown activity in spore germination, germ tube elongation tant strains of plant diseases; lower application rates of the and mycelium growth tests. At the biochemical level, flu active compound combination; Sufficient control of pests opyram inhibits mitochondrial respiration by blocking the 60 with the aid of the active compound combinations according electron transport in the respiratory chain of Succinate to the invention even at application rates where the indi Dehydrogenase (complex II SDH inhibitor). vidual compounds show no or virtually no activity; advan Fluopyram and its manufacturing process starting from tageous behaviour during formulation or during use, for known and commercially available compounds is described example during grinding, sieving, emulsifying, dissolving or in EP-A 1531 673 and WO 2004/O16088. 65 dispensing; improved storage stability and light stability; A general description of the nematicidal activity of advantageous residue formation; improved toxicological or pyridylethylbenzamide derivatives is found in WO-A 2008/ ecotoxicological behaviour; improved properties of the plant US 9,433,214 B2 3 4 so called plant physiology effects, for example better for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well growth, increased harvest yields, a better developed root as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, system, a larger leaf area, greener leaves, stronger shoots, nematodes or phytopathogens, less seed required, lower phytotoxicity, mobilization of the with the proviso that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the defence system of the plant, good compatibility with plants. genera Bacillus and the biological control agent (C) are not Thus, the use of the active compound combinations or identical. compositions according to the invention contributes consid Accordingly, the present invention provides particularly erably to keeping young cereal stands healthy, which an active compound combination comprising increases, for example, the winter survival of the cereal seed (A) Fluopyram, treated, and also safeguards quality and yield. Moreover, the 10 (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, active compound combinations according to the invention selected from the group consisting of Bacillus firmus, Bacil may contribute to enhanced systemic action. Even if the lus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, individual compounds of the combination have no sufficient Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, systemic properties, the active compound combinations Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and according to the invention may still have this property. In a 15 (C) one biological control agent selected from the group similar manner, the active compound combinations accord consisting of ing to the invention may result in higher long term efficacy (C1) bacteria, of the fungicidal or nematicidal or nematicidal action. (C2) fungi or yeasts, (C3) protozoas, DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED (C4) viruses, EMBODIMENT (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes, (C6) inoculants, The combinations or compositions according to the pres (C7) botanicals, and (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia ent invention are now described in detail: amylovora) Accordingly, the present invention provides an active 25 for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well compound combination comprising: as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, (A) Fluopyram, nematodes or phytopathogens, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, with the proviso that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the selected from the group consisting of Bacillus firmus, Bacil genera Bacillus and the biological control agent (C) are not lus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 30 identical. Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain The term active compound combination shall refer to the QST713, and species as well as to individual strains of the respective (C) at least one biological control agent selected from the species. group consisting of In particular, the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the (C1) bacteria, 35 genera Bacillus is selected from the group consisting of (C2) fungi or yeasts, (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM I-1582, in particular (C3) protozoas, the spores (U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690), (C4) viruses, (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM I-1562, in particular (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes, the spores, (U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690), (C6) inoculants, 40 (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a, (C7) botanicals, and (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 (product (C8) products produced by microorganisms including known as RhizoVital(R), proteins or secondary metabolites (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (marketed as KodiakTM for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well Gustafson LLC), as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, 45 (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 (marketed as Ser nematodes or phytopathogens. enadeTM by Agraquest), The term active compound combination shall refer to the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 (marketed as Yield species as well as to individual strains of the respective ShieldTM by Gustafson LLC), species (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 (marketed as Accordingly, the present invention provides particularly 50 SonataTM by Agraquest). an active compound combination comprising As used herein “biological control is defined as control (A) Fluopyram, of a phytopathogen or insect or an acarid or a nematode by (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, the use of a second organism or by the use of botanicals or selected from the group consisting of Bacillus firmus, Bacil products produced by microorganisms including proteins or lus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, 55 secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin. Particu Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, larly preferred is the control of nematodes. Particularly Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and preferred “biological control' is defined as control of nema (C) at least one biological control agent selected from the todes by the use of a second organism or by the use of group consisting of botanicals or products produced by microorganisms includ (C1) bacteria, 60 ing proteins or secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) (C2) fungi or yeasts, Harpin. (C3) protozoas, In the context of the present invention, “control of a (C4) viruses, phytopathogen or insect or an acarid or a nematode” means (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes, a reduction in infestation by harmful phytopathogens or (C6) inoculants, 65 insect or an acarid or a nematode, compared with the (C7) botanicals, and (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia untreated plant measured as fungicidal or insecticidal or amylovora) nematicidal efficacy, preferably a reduction by 25-50%, US 9,433,214 B2 5 6 compared with the untreated plant (100%), more preferably FC) or (C1.27e) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni or a reduction by 40-79%, compared with the untreated plant (C1.27f) Bacillus thuringiensis varsan diego, (C1.28) Bacil (100%); even more preferably, the infection by harmful lus uniflagellatus, (C1.29) Delftia acidovorans, in particular phytopathogens or insect or an acarid or a nematode, is strain RAY209 (products known as BioBoost(R), (C1.30) entirely suppressed (by 70-100%). The control may be 5 Lysobacter antibioticus, in particular strain 13-1 (cf. Bio curative, i.e. for treatment of already infected plants, or logical Control 2008, 45, 288-296), (C1.31) Pasteuria pen protective, for protection of plants which have not yet been etrans (synonym Bacillus penetrans), (C1.32) Pseudomonas infected. chlororaphis, in particular strain MA 342 (products known Preferably, the compound (A) Fluopyram and the spore as Cedomon), (C1.33) Pseudomonas proradix (products forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus is mixed with 10 known as Proradix.R.), (C1.34) Streptomyces galbus, in one biological control agent (C), in particular bacteria, fungi particular strain K61 (products known as Mycostop(R), cf. or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468-475), (C1.35) Streptomyces botanicals or products produced by microorganisms includ griseoviridis (products known as MycostopR), (C1.36) ing proteins or secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Bacillus lautus, (C1.37) Bacillus atrophaeus, (C1.39) Bacil Harpin, for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts 15 lus mycoides, (C1.40) Bacillus acidoterrestris, (C1.41) as well as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by Bacillus fastidiosus, (C1.42) Bacillus megaterium, (C1.43) insects, nematodes or phytopathogens. Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus, (C1.44) Bacillus marocca Mutants of the bacterial, fungal, nematodal or protozoan nus, (C1.45) Bacillus megaterium C. (C1.46) Bacillus pan strains having all the identifying characteristics of the tothenticus, (C1.47) Bacillus lentus, (C1.48) Bacillus respective strain shall be included within the definition of badius, (C1.49) Bacillus Smithi, (C1.50) Acinetobacter spec, the biological control agent. (C1.51) Acinetobacter lwoffii, (C1.52) Bacillus luciferensis, The products produced by microorganisms including pro (C1.53) Chromobacterium subtsugae strain PRA A4-1T teins or secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin (product known as Grandevo), (C1.54) Pasteuria usgae are characterized that they exhibit activity against phyto (product known as EconemTM Biological Nematicide), pathogenic insects, phytopathogenic nematodes or phyto 25 (C1.55) Paenibacillus polymyxa, (C1.56) Bacillus subtilis pathogens. var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZEB24 (products known as Accordingly, in the present invention the biological con Taegro(R), (C1.57) Serratia entomophila (product known as trol agents (C) comprises bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, InvadeR), (C1.58) Bacillus chitinosporus (C1.59) viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, botanicals and prod Pseudomonas cepacia (ex Burkholderia cepacia) strains ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or 30 M54 and J82. (C1.60) Bacillus nematocida, in particular secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin. strain B-16: Accordingly, in the present invention biological control (C2) fungi or yeasts selected from the group consisting of: (C) agents consist of bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, (C2.1) Ampelomyces quisqualis, in particular strain AQ viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, botanicals and prod 10 (product known as AQ 10(R), (C2.2) Aureobasidium ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or 35 pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940 or secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin. blastospores of strain DSM 14941 or mixtures thereof Accordingly, in the present invention biological control (product known as Blossom Protect(R), (C2.3) Beauveria agents are in particular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, bassiana, in particular strain ATCC 74040 (products known viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, botanicals and prod as Naturalis(R), from Intrachem) and strain GHA (products ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or 40 known as Mycotrol. BotaniGard), (C2.4) Candida oleop secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin. hila, in particular strain O (products known as Nexy(R), In particular, the biological control agent (C) is selected (C2.5) Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/ from the group comprising (C1) bacteria including spore 91-8 (products known as Contans.(R), (C2.6) Dilophosphora forming, root-colonizing bacteria, or bacteria useful as bio alopecuri (products known as Twist Fungus(R), (C2.7) Glio fungicide, bioinsecticide or nematicide selected from the 45 cladium catenulatum, in particular strain J1446 (products group consisting of known as Prestop(R), (C2.8) Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly (C1.1) Bacillus agri, (C1.2) Bacillus aizawaii, (C1.3) known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular conidia of Strain Bacillus albolactis, (C1.6) Bacillus coagulans, (C1.7) Bacil KVO1 (products known as Mycotal(R), VertialecR), (C2.9) lus endoparasiticus, (C1.8) Bacillus endorhythmos, (C1.9) Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular strain F52 (products Bacillus azotoformans, (C1.10) Bacillus kurstaki, (C1.11) 50 known as BIO 1020), (C2.10) Metschnikovia fructicola, in Bacillus lacticola, (C1.12) Bacillus lactimorbus, (C1.13) particular the strain NRRL Y-3.0752 (products known as Bacillus lactis, (C1.14) Bacillus laterosporus, (C1.15) ShemerR), (C2.11) Microsphaeropsis ochracea (products Bacillus lentimorbus, (C1.16) Bacillus licheniformis, known as MicroX(R), (C2.12) Muscodor albus, in particular (C1.17) Bacillus medusa, (C1.18) Bacillus megaterium, strain QST 20799 (products known as QRD300), (C2.13) (C1.19) Bacillus metiens, (C1.20) Bacillus natto, (C1.21) 55 Nomuraea rileyi, in particular strains SA86101, GU87401, Bacillus nigrificans, (C1.22) Bacillus popillae (neu Paeni SR86151, CG128 and VA9101, (C2.14) Paecilomyces bacillus popilliae), (C1.24) Bacillus Siamensis, (C1.25) lilacinus, in particular spores of P lilacinus Strain 251 Bacillus sphaericus (products known as VectoLeXS(R), (products known as BioAct(R), cf. Crop Protection 2008, 27. (C1.26) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain 352-361), (C2.15) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (also known FZB24 (products known as Taegro(R), (C1.27) Bacillus 60 as Isaria filmosorosae, products known as PFR-97TM 20% thuringiensis, in particular (C1.27a) Bacillus thuringiensis WDG), (C2.16) Penicillium bilaii, in particular strain var. israelensis (products known as VectoBacR) or (C1.27b) ATCC22348 (products known as JumpStart(R), PB-50, Pro Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain ABTS-1857 vide), (C2.17) Pichia anomala, in particular strain WRL (products known as XenTari(R), or (C1.27c) Bacillus 076, (C2.18) Pseudozyma flocculosa, in particular strain thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (products known 65 PF-A22 UL (products known as Sporodex(R) L), (C2.19) as Dipel(R) ES) or (C1.27d) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Pythium oligandrum DV74 (products known as Polyver tenebrionis strain NB 176 (products known as Novodor(R) Sum), (C2.20) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular strain US 9,433,214 B2 7 8 ICC 012 (products known as Bioten(R), (C2.21) Xenorhabdus luminescence (entomopathogenic bacteria Trichoderma harzianum, in particular T. harzianum T39 symbiotically associated with nematodes); (products known as Trichodex(R), (C2.22) Beauveria (C6) Inoculants selected from the group consisting of brongniarti (products known as Beaupro), (C2.23) Asoher (C6.1) Rhizobium leguminosarum, (C6.2) Rhizobium Sonia aleyrodes, (C2.24) Hirsutella thompsoni (products 5 tropici, (C6.3) Rhizobium loti, (C6.4) Rhizobium trifolii, known as Mycohit), (C2.25) Lagenidium giganteum (prod (C6.5) Rhizobium meliloti, (C6.6) Rhizobium fiedii, (C6.7) ucts known as LAGINEX(R), (C2.26) Myrothecium verru Azorhizobium caulinodans, (C6.8) Pseudomonas, (C6.9) caria strain AARC-0255 (products known as DiTeraTM), Azospirillum, (C6.10) Azotobacter, (C6.11) Streptomyces, (C2.27) Pandora delphacis, C2.28) Tsukamurella paurome (C6.12) Burkholdia, (C6.13) Agrobacterium, (C6.14) Endo tabola (products known as HeberNemR), (C2.29) Verticil 10 Mycorhiza, (C6.15) Ecto Mycorhiza, (C6.16) Vesicular lium lecanii, in particular strain DAOM198499 and Arbuscular (VA) Mycorhiza, (6.17) Bradyrhizobium, DAOM216596, (C2.30) ARF 18 (Arkansas Fungus 18), (C7) Botanicals (or: plant extracts) selected from the (C2.31) Trichoderma atroviride (products known as group consisting of EsquiveR) (C2.32) Glomus aggregatum, (C2.33) Glomus (C7.1) Thymus oil, (C7.2) Azadirachtin (Neem), (C7.3) etunicatum, (C2.34) Glomus intraradices, (C2.35) Glomus 15 Pyrethrum, (C7.4) Cassia nigricans, (C7.5) Quassia amara, mosseae, (C2.36) Glomus deserticola, (C2.37) Glomus (C7.6) Rotenon, (C7.7) Garlic, (C7.8) Quillaja, (C7.9) Saba clarum, (C2.38) Glomus brasilianum, (C2.39) Glomus dilla, in particular Veratrin, (C7.10) Ryania, in particular monosporum, (C2.40) Gigaspora margarita, (C2.41) Ryanodine, (C7.11) Viscum album (mistel), (C7.12) mug Rhizopogon villosullus, (C2.42) Rhizopogon. luteolus, wort or common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), (C7.13) (C2.43) Rhizopogon. amylopogon, (C2.44) Rhizopogon. full Artemisia absinthium, (C7.14) Urtica dioica, (C7.15) Sym vigleba, (C2.45) Pisolithus tinctorius, (C2.46) Scleroderma phytum officinale, (C7.16) Tropaeulum majus, (C7.17) cepa, (C2.47) Scleroderma citrinum, (C2.48) Suillus granu Quercus, (C7.18) mustard flour, (C7.19) Chenopodium latus, (C2.49) Suillus punctatapies, (C2.50) Laccaria lac anthelminticum, (C7.20) Dryopteris filix-mas, (C7.21) bark cata, (C2.51) Laccaria bicolor, of Chinese bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), (C7.22) (C3) Protozoas selected from the group consisting of 25 Equisetum arvense, (C7.23) bark of Celastus angulatus, (C3.1) Nosema locustae, (C3.2) Thelohania, (C3.3) Vai (C7.24) Laminarin (Brown Algae), (C7.25) Alginic acid rimorpha, (Brown Algae), (C7.26) Chitin/Chitinosan. (C7.27) Che (C4) Viruses selected from the group consisting of nopodium quinoa (product known as HeadsUp), (C7.28) (C4.1) Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) nuclear polyhe Melaleuca alternifolia (products known as Timorex Gold(R), drosis virus (NPV), (C4.2) Tussock moth (Lymantriidae) 30 (C7.29) Sesame oil (product known as Dragongfire-CCPTM); NPV. (C4.3) Heliothis NPV. (C4.4) Pine sawfly (Neo (C8) Products produced by microorganisms including diprion) NPV, and (C4.5) Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) proteins or secondary metabolites selected from the group granulosis virus (GV):), (C4.6) Adoxophyes Orana GV consisting of (product known as CapeX(R), (C4.7) Helicoverpa armigera (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora, products NPV (products known as Vivus Max R, Vivus Gold(R) or 35 known as Harp-N-TekTM, Messenger.R, EmployTM Pro Gemstar(R), (C4.8) Spodoptera exigua NPV. (C4.9) Spodop ActTM), (C8.2) Thymol. tera littoralis NPV. (C4.10) Spodoptera litura NPV. (C4.11) In particular, the biological control agent (C) is selected Neodiprion abietis NPV (product known as ABIETIVTM), from the group comprising (C4.12) Neodiprion sertifer NPV (product known as Neo (C1) bacteria including spore-forming, root-colonizing check-STM); 40 bacteria, or bacteria useful as biofungicide, bioinsecticide or (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes selected from the nematicide selected from the group consisting of group consisting of (C1.1) Bacillus agri, (C1.2) Bacillus aizawai, (C1.3) (C5.1) Steinernema ssp. ( Neoaplectana spp.), (C5.2) Bacillus albolactis, (C1.6) Bacillus coagulans, (C1.7) Steinernema scapterisci, (C5.3) Steinernema feltiae, (C5.4) Bacillus endoparasiticus, (C1.8) Bacillus endorhyth Steinernema carpocapsae, (C5.5) Heterorhabditis spp., 45 mos, (C1.9) Bacillus azotoformans, (C1.10) Bacillus (C5.6) Heterorhabditis heliothidis, (C5.7) Hexamermis spp., Kurstaki, (C1.11) Bacillus lacticola, (C1.12) Bacillus (C5.8) Amphimermis spp., (C5.9) Mermis nigrescens, lactimorbus, (C1.13) Bacillus lactis, (C1.14) Bacillus (C5.10) Agamermis decaudata, (C5.11) Maupasina Weissi, laterosporus, (C1.15) Bacillus lentimorbus, (C1.16) (C5.12) Subulura spp., (C5.13) Seuratum cadarachense, Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 (C5.14) Pterygodermatites spp., (C5.15) Abbreviata cauca 50 (product known as EcoGuardTM Biofungicide or Green Sica, (C5.16) Spirura guianensis, (C5.17) Diplotriaena spp., Releaf from Novozymes Biologicals, US), (C1.17) (C5.18) Tetrameres spp., (C5.19) Acuaria spp., (C5.20) Bacillus medusa, (C1.18) Bacillus megaterium, Gongylonema spp., (C5.21) Protrellatus spp., (C5.22) (C1.19) Bacillus metiens, (C1.20) Bacillus natto, Hydromermis spp., (C5.23) Cameronia spp., (C5.24) Physa (C1.21) Bacillus nigrificans, (C1.22) Bacillus popillae loptera spp., (C5.25) Chitwoodiella ovofilamenta, (C5.26) 55 (also known as Paenibacillus popilliae, product known Gynopoecilia pseudovipara, (C5.27) Parasity lenchus spp., as Milky spore disease from St. Gabriel Laboratories), (C5.28) Neoparasitvlenchus rugulosi, (C5.29) Sulphurety (C1.24) Bacillus siamensis, (C1.25) Bacillus sphaeri lenchus elongatus, (C5.30) Sphaerulariopsis spp., (C5.31) cus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362, (product Allantonema spp., (C5.32) Contortvlenchus spp., (C5.33) known as VectoLex(R) from Valent BioSciences, US), Bovienema spp., (C5.34) Parasitaphelenchus spp., (C5.35) 60 (C1.26) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain Parasitorhabditis spp., (C5.36) Phasmarhabditis hermaph FZB24 (products known as Taegro(R), Rhizopro, rodita, (C5.37) Romanomermis spp., (C5.38) Octomyomer FZB24), (C1.27) Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular mis spp., (C5.39) Strelkovimermis peterseni, (C5.40) (C1.27a) Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (sero Perutilimermis culicis, (C5.41) Culicinermis spp., (C5.42) type H-14), in particular strain AM65-52 (Accession Empidomermis spp., (C5.43) Gastromermis spp., (C5.44) 65 No. ATCC 1276, products known as VectoBacR), from Isomermis spp., (C5.45) Neonesomermis spp., (C5.46) Lim Valent BioSciences, US) or strain BMP 144 (product nomermis spp., (C5.47) Mesomermis spp., and (C5.48) known as Aquabac from Becker Microbial Products US 9,433,214 B2 9 10 IL), (C1.27b) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai EconemTM Biological Nematicide), (C1.55) Paeniba strain ABTS-1857 (products known as XenTari(R) from cillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (product Bayer CropScience, DE) or strain GC-91 (Accession known as Topseed from Green Biotech Company Ltd.), No. NCTC 11821), or serotype H-7, (products known (C1.57) Serratia entomophila (product known as as Florbac WG from Valent BioSciences, US) or 5 InvadeR), (C1.58) Bacillus chitinosporus, in particular (C1.27c) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain strain AQ746 (Accession No. NRRL B-21618), HD-1, (products known as Dipel(R) ES from Valent (C1.59) Pseudomonas cepacia (ex Burkholderia cepa BioSciences, US), or strain BMP 123 from Becker cia, product known as Deny from Stine Microbial Microbial Products, IL, or strain ABTS 351 (Accession Products), (C1.60) Bacillus nematocida, in particular No. ATCC SD-1275), or strain PB 54 (Accession No. 10 strain B-16, (C1.61) Bacillus circulans, (C1.62) Brevi CECT 7209), or strain SA 11 (Accession No. NRRL bacillus laterosporus (also known as Bacillus latero B30790), or strain SA 12 (Accession No. NRRL sporus), in particular strain ATCC 64 or strain NRS B-30791), or strain EG 2348 (Accession No. NRRL 1111 or Strain NRS 1645 or Strain NRS 1647 or Strain B-18208) or (C1.27d) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. BPM3 or strain G4 or strain NCIMB 41419, (C1.63) tenebrionis strain NB 176 (products known as 15 Corynebacterium paurometabolum, (C1.64) Lactoba Novodor R FC from BioFa, DE) or (C1.27e) Bacillus cillus acidophilus (products known as Fruitsan R from thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni or (C1.27f) Bacillus Inagrosa-Industrias Agrobiologicas, S.A), (C1.65) Pae thuringiensis var. San diego (product known as nibacillus alvei, in particular strain T36 or strain M-One(R) from Mycogen Corporation, US) or (C1.27g) III3DT-1A or strain III2E or strain 46C3 or strain 2771, Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. thuringiensis (serotype 1) (C1.66) Paenibacillus macerans, (C1.67) Pasteuria MPPL002, or (C1.27h) Bacillus thuringiensis var. nishizawae, in particular strain Pin1. (C1.68) Pasteuria aegyptii, or (C1.27k) Bacillus thuringiensis var. ramosa, (C1.69) Pasteuria thornei, (C1.70) Pseudomo collmeri, or (C1.271) Bacillus thuringiensis var. darm nas aeruginosa, in particular strains WS-1 or PN1, Stadiensis, or (C1.27m) Bacillus thuringiensis var. den (C1.71) Pseudomonas aureofaciens, in particular strain drolimus, or (C1.27n) Bacillus thuringiensis var. gal 25 TX-1 (product known as Spot-Less Biofungicide from leriae, or (C1.27o) Bacillus thuringiensis var. Eco Soils Systems, CA), (C1.72) Pseudomonas fluo japonensis, in particular strain Buibui or (C1.27r) rescens, in particular strain A506 (products known as Bacillus thuringiensis var. 7216 (products known as Blightban or BlightBan A506 from Nufarm), (C1.73) Amactic, Pethian), or (C1.27s) Bacillus thuringiensis Pseudomonas putida, (C1.74) Pseudomonas resino var. T36, or (C1.27t) Bacillus thuringiensis strain 30 vorans (products known as Solanacure), (C1.75) BDi32 (Accession No. NRRL B-21530) from Agra Pseudomonas Syringae, in particular strain MA-4 quest, or (C1.27u) Bacillus thuringiensis strain AQ52 (products known as Biosave from EcoScience, US), (Accession No. NRRL B-21619) from Agraquest, or (C1.76) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (C1.27v) Bacillus thuringiensis strain CR-371 (Acces (MTCC8708) or strain R35, (C1.77) Streptomyces can sion No. ATCC 55273), (C1.28) Bacillus uniflagellatus, 35 didus, in particular strain Y21007-2, (products known (C1.29) Delfia acidovorans, in particular strain as Bio-bac), (C1.78) Streptomyces lydicus, in particular RAY209 (products known as BioBoost(R), (C1.30) strain WYCD108 (products known as ActinovateSP) or Lysobacter antibioticus, in particular strain 13-1 (cf. strain WYEC108 (products known as Actino-iron from Biological Control 2008, 45, 288-296), (C1.31) Pas Natural Industries), (C1.79) Streptomyces Saraceticus, teuria penetrans (synonym Bacillus penetrans), 40 (C1.80) Streptomyces venezuelae, (C1.81) Xenorhab (C1.32) Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain dus nematophila, (C1.82) Agrobacterium radiobacter, MA342 (products known as Cedomon from Bioagri, S) (C1.83) Bacillus mojavensis, especially strain CECT or strain 63-28 (product known as ATEze from EcoSoil 7666, (C1.84) Pantoea agglomerans, in particular Systems, US), (C1.33) Pseudomonas proradix (prod strain E325 (products known as Bloomtime Biological ucts known as Proradix(R), (C1.34) Streptomyces gal 45 FD Biopesticide), (C1.85) Streptomyces colombiensis, bus, in particular strain K61 (Accession No. DSM (C1.86) Streptomyces sp. WYE 20 (KCTC 0341 BP) 7206, products known as Mycostop(R), cf. Crop Protec and WYE 324 (KCTC 0342BP), (C1.87) Bacillus bre tion 2006, 25, 468-475) or strain NRRL30232, (C1.35) vis (also known as Brevibacillus brevis, product known Streptomyces griseoviridis (products known as as Brevisin), in particular strain SS86-3 or strain MycostopR), (C1.36) Bacillus lautus, (C1.37) Bacillus 50 SS86-4 or strain SS86-5 or strain 2904, (C1.88) atrophaeus, (C1.39) Bacillus mycoides, in particular Erwinia carotovora (also known as Pectobacterium isolate J (product known as Bm) from Certis USA) or carotovorum) carotovora (product known as Bio strain 683 or strain AQ726 (Accession No. NRRL keeper), (C1.89) Xanthomonas campestris pV vesica B21664), (C1.40) Bacillus acidoterrestris, (C1.41) toria (product known as Camprico), (C1.90) Pasteuria Bacillus fastidiosus, (C1.42) Bacillus megaterium 55 reniformis, in particular strain Pr3, (C1.91) Burkhold (products known as BioarcR, from BioArc), or strain eria spec strain A396 (Accession No. NRRL B-50319, YFM3.25. (C1.43) Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus, product known as MBI-206 TGAI from Marrone Bio (C1.44) Bacillus maroccanus, (C1.45) Bacillus mega Innovations), (C1.92) Bacillus firmus CNCMI-1582, in terium C. (C1.46) Bacillus pantothenticus (also known particular the spores (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690, as Virgibacillus pantothenticus), in particular strain 60 products known as Bionem, VOTIVO), (C1.93) Bacil ATCC 14576/DSM 491, (C1.47) Bacillus lentus, lus cereus (synonyms: Bacillus endorhythmos, Bacillus (C1.48) Bacillus badius, (C1.49) Bacillus Smithi, medusa), in particular spores of Bacillus cereus strain (C1.50) Acinetobacter spec, (C1.51) Acinetobacter CNCM I-1562 (cf. U.S. Pat. No. 6,406,690), or strain lwoffii, (C1.52) Bacillus luciferensis, (C1.53) Chromo BP01 (ATCC 55675, product known as Mepichlor from bacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRA A4-1T 65 Arysta, US or Mepplus, Micro-Flo Company LLC, (product known as Grandevo, from Marrone Bio Inno US), (C1.94) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a Vations), (C1.54) Pasteuria usgae (product known as or strain FZB42 (DSM 231179, product known as US 9,433,214 B2 11 12 RhizoVital(R) from ABiTEP DE), or strain B3, or strain and B: potent insecticides from Streptomyces prasinus’ D747, (products known as Bacstar R) from Etec Crop Applied microbiology 1973 November), (C1.132) Solutions, NZ, or Double NickelTM from Certis, US), Streptomyces rimosus, (C1.95) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (C2) fungi or yeasts selected from the group consisting of (Accession No. ATCC SD-1397, product known as 5 (C2.1) Ampelomyces quisqualis, in particular strain AQ KodiakR from Bayer Crop Science, DE) or strain 10 (product known as AQ 10(R), (C2.2) Aureobasidium QST713/AQ713 (Accession No. NRRL B21661, prod pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940 or ucts known as Serenade QST 7130, Serenade Soil and blastospores of strain DSM 14941 or mixtures thereof Serenade Max from AgraGuest, US) or strain AQ 153 (product known as Blossom Protect(R), (C2.3) Beauveria (ATCC accession No. 55614) or strain AQ743 (Acces 10 bassiana, in particular strain ATCC 74040 (products known sion No. NRRL B-21665) or strain DB 101, (products as Naturalis(R) or strain GHA (products known as Mycotrol, known as Shelter from Dagutat Bio lab, ZA) or strain BotaniGard) or strain ATP02 (DSM 24665) or strain CG716 DB 102, (products known as Artemis from Dagutat Bio (product known as BoveMax), (C2.4) Candida oleophila, in lab, ZA) or strain MBI 600, (products known as Sub particular strain O (products known as Nexy(R) or strain tilex from Becker Underwood, US) or strain 15 I-182 (products known as ASPIRE(R), Decco I-182), (C2.5) QST30002/AO30002 (Accession No. NRRL B-50421, Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 cf. WO 2012/087980) or strain QST30004/AQ30004 (DSM-96.60) (products known as Contans.(R), (C2.6) Dilo (Accession No. NRRL B-50455, cf. WO 2012/ phosphora alopecuri (products known as Twist Fungus.(R), 087980), (C1.96) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain (C2.7) Gliocladium catenulatum, in particular strain J1446 GB34 (Accession No. ATCC 700814, products known (products known as Prestop(R), (C2.8) Lecanicillium lecanii as Yield Shield(R) from Bayer Crop Science, DE) or (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular strain QST2808 (Accession No. NRRL B-30087, prod conidia of strain KVO1 (products known as Mycotal(R), ucts known as Sonata QST 2808(R) from AgraOuest, Vertialec(R), from Koppert/Arysta) or strain DAOM198499 or US), or strain BUF-33 (product known as Integral F-33 DAOM216596, (C2.9) Metarhizium anisopliae, in particular from Becker Underwood, US), or strain AQ717 (Ac 25 strain F52 (DSM 3884, ATCC 90448, products known as cession No. NRRL B21662, (C1.97) Pasteuria sp., in BIO 1020, MET52) or var. acridum isolate IMI 330189/ particular strain SD-5832 and (C1.98) Pasteuria sp., in ARSEF 7486 (products known as Green MuscleR) (C2.10) particular strain PTA-9643, (C1.98) Agrobacterium Metschnikovia fructicola, in particular the strain NRRL radiobacter, in particular strain K84 (products known Y-30752 (products known as ShemerR), (C2.11) as Galltrol-A from AgBioChem) or strain K1026 (prod 30 Microsphaeropsis ochracea (products known as MicroXR), ucts known as Nogall, Becker Underwood), (C1.99) (C2.12) Muscodor albus, in particular strain QST 20799 Agrobacterium vitis, in particular the non-pathogenic (products known as QRD300), (C2.13) Nomuraea rileyi, in strain VAR03-1, (C1.100) Azorhizobium caulinodans, particular strains SA86101, GU87401, SR86151, CG128 preferably strain ZB-SK-5. (C1.101) Azospirillum and VA9101 (C2.14) Paecilomyces lilacinus, in particular amazonense, (C1.102) AZOspirillum brasilense, 35 spores of P lilacinus strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550) (prod (C1.103) Azospirillum halopraeference, (C1.104) ucts known as BioAct(R), cf. Crop Protection 2008, 27. Azospirillum irakense, (C1.105) Azospirillum 352-361), (C2.15) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (also known lipoferum, (C1.106), Azotobacter chroococcum, pref as Isaria fumosorosae), in particular strain apopka 97 erably strain H23 (CECT 4435), (C1.107) Azotobacter (ATCC 20874) (products known as PFR-97TM 20% WDG, vinelandii, preferably strain ATCC 12837. (C1.108) 40 PreFeRal(R) WG.), (C2.16) Penicillium bilaii, in particular Bacillus acidocaldarius, (C1.109) Bacillus acidoter strain ATCC22348 (products known as JumpStart(R), PB-50, restris, (C1.110) Bacillus alcalophilus, (C1.111) Bacil Provide), (C2.17) Pichia anomala, in particular strain WRL lus alvei, (C1.112) Bacillus aminoglucosidicus, 076, (C2.18) Pseudozyma flocculosa, in particular strain (C1.113) Bacillus aminovorans, (C1.114) Bacillus PF-A22 UL (products known as Sporodex(R) L), (C2.19) amylolyticus (also known as Paenibacillus amylolyti 45 Pythium oligandrum, in particular strain DV74 (products cus), (C1.115) Bacillus aneurinolyticus, (C1.116) known as Polyversum) or strain M1 (ATCC 38472), (C2.20) Bacillus subtilis isolate B246, for example in form of Trichoderma asperellum, in particular strain ICC 012 (also the commercially available product Avogreen from RE known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012, products known at UP), (C1.117) Bacillus tequilensis, in particular as Bioten(R) or strain SKT-1 (products known as Triderma(R) strain NII-094, (C1.118) Bacillus sp. strain AQ175 50 or ECO-HOPE(R) or strain T34 (products known as T34 (ATCC Accession No. 55608), (C1.119) Bacillus sp. Biocontrol) or strain SF04 or strain TV1 (also known as strain AQ177 (ATCC Accession No. 55609), (C1.120) Trichoderma viride TV1) or strain T11 (also known as Bacillus sp. strain AQ178 (ATCC Accession No. Trichoderma viride T25), (C2.21) Trichoderma harzianum, 53522), (C1.121) Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, in particular T. harzianum T39 (products known as Tricho (C1.122) Herbaspirilum rubrisubalbicans, (C1.123) 55 dex(R) or strain T-22 (products known as Herbaspirilum seropedicae, (C1.124) Lactobacillus sp. PLANTSHIELD(RT-22G, Rootshield, TurfShield), or strain (products known as Lactoplant from LactoPAFI), TH35 (products known as ROOT PROR) or strain TSTh20/ (C1.125) Lysobacter enzymogenes, in particular strain PTA-0317 or strain 1295-22 (products known as Bio-Trek), C3 (cf. J Nematol. 2006 June; 38(2): 233-239), (C2.22) Beauveria brongniarti (products known as Beau (C1.126) Rhodococcus globerulus strain AQ719 (Ac 60 pro), (C2.23) Aschersonia aley rodes, (C2.24) Hirsutella cession No. NRRL B21663, from AgraGuest), thompsoni (products known as Mycohit), (C2.25) Lagen (C1.127) Streptomyces sp. Strain NRRL B-301.45 idium giganteum (products known as LAGINEXR), (C2.26) (from Agraquest), (C1.128) Streptomyces acidiscabies, Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (products in particular strain RL-110T, (product known as MBI known as DiTeraTM), (C2.27) Pandora delphacis, (C2.28) 005EP from Marrone Bioinnovations), (C1.129) Strep 65 Tsukamurella paurometabola, in particular strain C-924 tomyces goshikiensis, (C1.130) Streptomyces lavendu (products known as HeberNemR), (C2.30) ARF 18 (Arkan lae, (C1.131) Streptomyces prasinus (cf. “Prasinons A sas Fungus 18), (C2.31) Trichoderma atroviride in particular US 9,433,214 B2 13 14 strain CNCM I-1237 (products known as EsquiveR WP Cylindrocarpon heteronema, (C2.96) Exophiala jeanselmei, Sentinel(R), TenetR) or strain NMI No. V08/002387 or strain (C2.97) Exophilia pisciphila, (C2.98) Fusarium aspergilus, NMI No. V08/002389 or Strain NMI No. V08/002390 or (C2.99) Fusarium oxysporum, for example the non patho strain NMI No. V08/002388 (patent application US 2011/ genic strain Fo47 (product FUSACLEAN) or the non patho 0009260) or strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040) or strain T11 genic strain 251/2RB (product known as BIOFOXOR), (IMI352941) or strain LC52 (products known as Sentinel(R), (C2.100) Fusarium solani, for example strain Fs-K (as Agrimm Technologies, (products known as EsquiveR) or described in patent application US20110059048), (C2.101) strain NMI V08/002387, or strain NMI V08/002389 or Gliocladium roseum, in particular strain 321U, (C2.102) Strain SKT-1/FERMP-1651 or Strain SKT-2AFERMP-16511 Mucor haemelis (products known as BIO-AVARD), or strain SKT-3/FERM P-17021 (described in JP3691264) 10 (C2.103) Nematoctonus geogenius, (C2.104) Nematoctonus or strain L52 (product known as SENTINEL(R), (C2.32) leiosporus, (C2.105) Phlebiopsis gigantea (products known Glomus aggregatum, (C2.33) Glomus etunicatum, (C2.34) as ROTSOPR), (C2.106) Trichoderma album (products Glomus intraradices, (C2.35) Glomus mosseae, (C2.36) known as BiozeidR), (C2.107) Trichoderma asperellum Glomus deserticola, (C2.37) Glomus clarum, (C2.38) Glo (products known as BIO-TAMTM) and, (C2.108) mus brasilianum, (C2.39) Glomus monosporum, (C2.40) 15 Trichoderma gamsii (products known as BIO-TAMTM) or in Gigaspora margarita, (C2.41) Rhizopogon villosullus, particular strain ICC080 (products known as Bioderma), (C2.42) Rhizopogon. luteolus, (C2.43) Rhizopogon. amy (C2.109) Hirsutella citriformis, (C2.110) Muscodor roseus lopogon, (C2.44) Rhizopogon filvigleba, (C2.45) Pisolithus strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548), (C2.111) Neo tinctorius, (C2.46) Scleroderma cepa, (C2.47) Scleroderma cosmospora vasinfecta, (C2.112) Penicillium vermiculatum citrinum, (C2.48) Suillus granulatus, (C2.49) Suillus punc (products known as VermiculenR), (C2.113) Saccharomyces tatapies, (C2.50) Laccaria laccata, (C2.51) Laccaria cerevisae, in particular strain CNCM No. I-3936, strain bicolor; (C2.52) Metarhizium flavoviride, (C2.53) Arthro CNCM No. I3937, strain CNCM No. I-3938, strain CNCM botry's dactyloides, (C2.54) Arthrobotry's Oligospora, No. I-3939 (patent application US 2011/0301030), (C2.114) (C2.55) Arthrobotry's superba (C2.56) Aspergillus flavus Sporothrix insectorum (products known as Sporothrix.R.), strain NRRL 21882 (product known as Afla-Guard(R), from 25 (C3) Protozoas selected from the group consisting of Syngenta) or strain AF36 (product known as AF36), (C2.57) (C3.1) Nosema locustae, (C3.2) Thelohania, (C3.3) Vai Candida Saitoana, in particular strain NRRLY-21022 (prod rimorpha, ucts known as BIOCURE(R) or BIOCOATR), (C2.58) (C4) Viruses selected from the group consisting of (C4.1) Chaetomium cupreum, (C2.59) Chaetomium globosum, Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (C2.60) Chondrostereum purpureum, in particular strain 30 (NPV), (C4.2) Tussock moth (Lymantriidae) NPV. (C4.3) PFC2139, (C2.61) Cladosporium cladosporioides strain Heliothis NPV. (C4.4) Pine sawfly (Neodiprion) NPV. H39 (as described in EP2230918A1), (C2.62) Conidiobolus (C4.5) Codling moth (Cydia pomonella) granulosis virus obscurus, (C2.63) Cryptococcus albidus (product known as (GV), (C4.6) Adoxophyes orana GV (product known as Yield Plus(R).), (C2.64) Cryptococcus flavescens, in particu Capex.R.), (C4.7) Helicoverpa armigera NPV (products lar strain NRRL Y-50378 and strain NRRL Y-50379, 35 known as Vivus Max R, Vivus Gold(R) or Gemstar R), (C4.8) (C2.65), Dactylaria candida, (C2.66) Entomophthora viru Spodoptera exigua NPV. (C4.9) Spodoptera littoralis NPV. lenta, (C2.67) Harposporium anguillullae, (C2.68) Hirsu (C4.10) Spodoptera litura NPV. (C4.11) Neodiprion abietis tella minnesotensis, (C2.69) Hirsutella rhossiliensis, NPV (product known as ABIETIVTM), (C4.12) Neodiprion (C2.70) Meristacrum asterospermum, (C2.71) Microd sertifer NPV (product known as Neocheck-STM), (C4.13) ochium dimerum, in particular strain L13 (products known 40 Agrotis segetum (turnip moth) nuclear polyhedrosis virus as ANTIBOTR), Agrauxine), (C2.72) Monacrosporium cion (NPV), (C4.14) Anticarsia gemmatalis (Woolly pyrol moth) opagum, (C2.73) Monacrosporium psychrophilum, (C2.74) mNPV (products known as Polygen), (C4.15) Autographa Monacrosporium drechsleri, (C2.75) Monacrosporium californica (Alfalfa Looper) mNPV (products known as gephyropagum, (C2.76) Ophiostoma piliferum, in particular VPN80 from Agricola El Sol): strain D97 (products known as Sylvanex), (C2.77) Paeci 45 (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes selected from the lomyces variotii, in particular strain Q-09 (product known as group consisting of Nemaquim), (C2.78) Pochonia chlamydosporia (= Vercil (C5.1) Steinernema ssp. ( Neoaplectana spp.), (C5.2) lium chlamydosporiumi), (C2.79) Pseudozyma aphidis, Steinernema scapterisci, (C5.3) Steinernema feltiae (=Neo (C2.80) Stagonospora heteroderae, (C2.81) Stagonospora plectana carpocapsae, products known as NemasyS(R), phaseoli, (C2.82) Talaromyces flavus, in particular strain 50 (C5.4) Steinernema carpocapsae (products known as Bio V117b (products known as PROTUS(R), (C2.83) control; NematacRC), (C5.5) Heterorhabditis spp., (C5.6) Trichoderma viride (also known as Trichoderma gamsii), in Heterorhabditis heliothidis, (C5.7) Hexamermis spp., (C5.8) particular strain ICC 080 (products known as REMEDIER(R) Amphimermis spp., (C5.9) Mermis nigrescens, (C5.10) WP, Bioderma(R) and strain TV1 (products known as T. Agamermis decaudata, (C5.11) Maupasina weissi, (C5.12) viride TV1, Agribiotec), (C2.84) Trichoderma harmatum, 55 Subulura spp., (C5.13) Seuratum cadarachense, (C5.14) isolate 382 (C2.85) Trichoderma koningii, (C2.86) Pterygodermatites spp., (C5.15) Abbreviata caucasica, Trichoderma lignorum, (C2.87) Trichoderma polysporum, (C5.16) Spirura guianensis, (C5.17) Diplotriaena spp., isolate IMI 206039 (ATCC 20475), (C2.88) Trichoderma (C5.18) Tetrameres spp., (C5.19) Acuaria spp., (C5.20) stromaticum, (C2.89) Trichoderma virens (also known as Gongylonema spp., (C5.21) Protrellatus spp., (C5.22) Gliocladium virens), in particular strain GL-21 (products 60 Hydromermis spp., (C5.23) Cameronia spp., (C5.24) Physa known as SOILGARDR) or strain G41 (products known as loptera spp., (C5.25) Chitwoodiella ovofilamenta, (C5.26) BW240 WP Biological Fungicide), (C2.90) Ulocladium Gynopoecilia pseudovipara, (C5.27) Parasity lenchus spp., oudemansii, in particular strain HRU3 (products known as (C5.28) Neoparasity lenchus rugulosi, (C5.29) Sulphurety BOTRY-ZENR), (C2.91) Verticillium albo-atrum in particu lenchus elongatus, (C5.30) Sphaerulariopsis spp., (C5.31) lar strain WCS850, (C2.92) Verticillium chlamydosporium, 65 Allantonema spp., (C5.32) Contortvlenchus spp., (C5.33) (C2.93) Verticillium dahlia isolate WCS 850 (products Bovienema spp., (C5.34) Parasitaphelenchus spp., (C5.35) known as Dutch Trig), (2.94) Zoophtora radicans, (2.95) Parasitorhabditis spp., (C5.36) Phasmarhabditis hermaph US 9,433,214 B2 15 16 rodita, (C5.37) Romanomermis spp., (C5.38) Octomyomer HD-1, is used for control of lepidopteran larvae, but without mis spp., (C5.39) Strelkovimermis peterseni, (C5.40) noctuidae. Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. aizawai, for Perutilimermis culicis, (C5.41) Culicinermis spp., (C5.42) example the strains SAN 401 I, ABG-6305 and ABG-6346, Empidomermis spp., (C5.43) Gastromermis spp., (C5.44) is effective against different lepidopteran species including Isomermis spp., (C5.45) Neonesomermis spp., (C5.46) Lim also noctuidae. Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. tenebrionis, for nomermis spp., (C5.47) Mesomermis spp., (C5.48) Xeno example the strains SAN 418 I and ABG6479, protects rhabdus luminescence (entomopathogenic bacteria symbi plants against leaf beetle larvae. Bacillus thuringiensis otically associated with nematodes); (C5.49) subsp. israelensis, for example the strains SAN 402 I and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (products known as ABG-6164, is applied against larvae of various dipteran B-Green, Nemasys(R G), (C5.50) Heterorhabditis baujardi, 10 pests, e.g. mosquitoes and nematoceres. (C5.51) Heterorhabditis indica (products known as Nema Preference is given to combinations comprising at least ton), (C5.52) Heterorhabditis marelatus, (C5.53) Heter (A) Fluopyram and (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM orhabditis megidis, (C5.54) Heterorhabditis zealandica, I-1582 and (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso (C5.55) Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita, (C5.56) Stein that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus ernema bibionis, (C5.57) Steinernema glaseri (products 15 and the biological control agent (C) are not identical. known as Biotopia), (C5.58) Steinernema kraussei (products Preference is given to combinations comprising at least known as Larvesure, Nemasys(R L), (C5.59) Steinernema (A) Fluopyram and (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM riobrave (products known as Biovector), (C5.60) Stein I-1562 and (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso ernema Scapterisci (products known asNematac S), (C5.61) that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus Steinernema scarabaei, (C5.62) Steinernema siamkavai, and the biological control agent (C) are not identical. (C5.63) Beddingia (=Deladenus) Siridicola, (C5.64) Filipie Preference is given to combinations comprising at least vimermis leipsandra, (C5.65) Steinernema thailandse prod (A) Fluopyram and (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ucts known as NemanoX(R). strain IN937a, and (C) the biological control agent, with the (C6) Inoculants selected from the group consisting of proviso that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera (C6.1) Rhizobium leguminosarum, in particular bv. viceae 25 Bacillus and the biological control agent (C) are not iden strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585), (C6.2) Rhizobium tical. tropici, (C6.3) Rhizobium loci, (C6.4) Rhizobium trifolii, Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (C6.5) Rhizobium meliloti, (C6.6) Rhizobium fredii, (C6.7) (A) Fluopyram and (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Azorhizobium caulinodans, (C6.8) Pseudomonas, (C6.9) strain FZB42 and (C) the biological control agent, with the Azospirillum, (C6.10) Azotobacter, (C6.11) Streptomyces, 30 proviso that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera (C6.12) Burkholdia, (C6.13) Agrobacterium, (C6.14) Endo Bacillus and the biological control agent (C) are not iden Mycorhiza, (C6.15) Ecto Mycorhiza, (C6.16) Vesicular tical. Arbuscular (VA) Mycorhiza, (C6.17) Bradyrhizobium, Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (C7) Botanicals (or: plant extracts) selected from the (A) Fluopyram and (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 and group consisting of 35 (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that the (C7.1) Thymus oil, (C7.2) Azadirachtin (Neem), (C7.3) spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the Pyrethrum, (C7.4) Cassia nigricans, (C7.5) Quassia amara, biological control agent (C) are not identical. (C7.6) Rotenon, (C7.7) Garlic, (C7.8) Quillaja, (C7.9) Saba Preference is given to combinations comprising at least dilla, in particular Veratrin, (C7.10) Ryania, in particular (A) Fluopyram and (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 Ryanodine, (C7.11) Viscum album (mistel), (C7.12) mug 40 and (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that the wort or common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), (C7.13) spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the Artemisia absinthium, (C7.14) Urtica dioica, (C7.15) Sym biological control agent (C) are not identical. phytum officinale, (C7.16) Tropaeulum majus, (C7.17) Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Quercus (C7.18) mustard flour, (C7.19) Chenopodium (A) Fluopyram and (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 anthelminticum, (C7.20) Dryopteris filix-mas, (C7.21) bark 45 and (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that the of Chinese bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus), (C7.22) spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the Equisetum arvense, (C7.23) bark of Celastus angulatus, biological control agent (C) are not identical. (C7.24) Laminarin (Brown Algae), (C7.25) Alginic acid Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (Brown Algae), (C7.26) Chitin/Chitinosan. (C7.27) Che (A) Fluopyram and (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 nopodium quinoa (product known as HeadsUp), (C7.28) 50 and (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that Melaleuca alternifolia (products known as Timorex Gold(R). the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus (C7.29) Sesame oil (product known as Dragongfire-CCPTM) and the biological control agent (C) are not identical. and (C7.30) natural extracts or simulated blend of Chenopo Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu dium ambrosioides (products known as Requiem). opyram and (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM I1582 and (C8) Products produced by microorganisms including 55 (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that the proteins or secondary metabolites selected from the group spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the consisting of biological control agent (C) are not identical. (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora, products Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu known as Harp-N-TekTM, Messenger.R, EmployTM PrO opyram and (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM I1562 and ACTM). 60 (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that the Bacillus subtilis, for example the strains GBO3 and QST spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the 713, as well as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, strain FZB 24 biological control agent (C) are not identical. and 42, are species with phytopathogenic properties. These Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu bacteria are applied to the soil or to the leaves. Bacillus opyram and (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a, thuringiensis with its different Subspecies produces endo 65 and (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that the toxin containing crystals which have high insect pathogenic spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the specifity. Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki, strain biological control agent (C) are not identical. US 9,433,214 B2 17 18 Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the biological opyram and (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 control agent (C) are not identical. and (C) the biological control agent, with the proviso that the Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the opyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 and one biological control agent (C) are not identical. biological control agent selected from (C1) bacteria as Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu described above, with the proviso that the spore-forming opyram and (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 and (C) the bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the biological biological control agent, with the proviso that the spore control agent (C) are not identical. forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the Preference is given to combinations comprising Fluopy biological control agent (C) are not identical. 10 Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu ram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 and one opyram and (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 and (C) the biological control agent selected from (C1) bacteria as biological control agent, with the proviso that the spore described above, with the proviso that the spore-forming forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the biological biological control agent (C) are not identical. 15 control agent (C) are not identical. Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu Preference is given to combinations comprising at least opyram and (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 and (C) the (A) Fluopyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM biological control agent, with the proviso that the spore I-1582 and one biological control agent selected from (C2) forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the fungi or yeasts as described above. biological control agent (C) are not identical. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Preference is given to combinations comprising Fluopy (A) Fluopyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM ram and (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 and (C) the I-1562 and one biological control agent selected from (C2) biological control agent, with the proviso that the spore fungi or yeasts as described above. forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the Preference is given to combinations comprising at least biological control agent (C) are not identical. 25 (A) Fluopyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu strain IN937a, and one biological control agent selected opyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM I1582 from (C2) fungi or yeasts as described above. and one biological control agent selected from group (C1) Preference is given to combinations comprising at least bacteria as described above with the proviso that the spore (A) Fluopyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the 30 strain FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from biological control agent (C) are not identical. (C2) fungi or yeasts as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu Preference is given to combinations comprising at least opyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM I1562 (A) Fluopyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 and one biological control agent selected from (C1) bacteria and one biological control agent selected from (C2) fungi or as described above with the proviso that the spore-forming 35 yeasts as described above. bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the biological Preference is given to combinations comprising at least control agent (C) are not identical. (A) Fluopyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu QST713 and one biological control agent selected from (C2) opyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain fungi or yeasts as described above. IN937a, and one biological control agent selected from (C1) 40 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least bacteria as described above, with the proviso that the spore (A) Fluopyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the and one biological control agent selected from (C2) fungi or biological control agent (C) are not identical with the yeasts as described above. proviso that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Bacillus and the biological control agent (C) are not iden 45 (A) Fluopyram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain tical. QST2808 and one biological control agent selected from Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu (C2) fungi or yeasts as described above. opyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain Preference is given to combinations comprising at least FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from (C1) (A) Fluopyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM bacteria as described above, with the proviso that the spore 50 I-1582 and one biological control agent selected from (C3) forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the protoZoas as described above. biological control agent (C) are not identical with the Preference is given to combinations comprising at least proviso that the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera (A) Fluopyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM Bacillus and the biological control agent (C) are not iden I-1562 and one biological control agent selected from (C3) tical. 55 protoZoas as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu Preference is given to combinations comprising at least opyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 and one (A) Fluopyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens biological control agent selected from (C1) bacteria as strain IN937a, and one biological control agent selected described above, with the proviso that the spore-forming from (C3) protozoas as described above. bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the biological 60 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least control agent (C) are not identical with the proviso that the (A) Fluopyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera Bacillus and the strain FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from biological control agent (C) are not identical. (C3) protozoas as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising (A) Flu Preference is given to combinations comprising at least opyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 and 65 (A) Fluopyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 one biological control agent selected from (C1) bacteria as and one biological control agent selected from (C3) proto described above, with the proviso that the spore-forming Zoas as described above. US 9,433,214 B2 19 20 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain (A) Fluopyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 and one biological control agent selected from (C3) QST713 and one biological control agent selected from (C5) protoZoas as described above. entomopathogenic nematodes as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 (A) Fluopyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 and one biological control agent selected from (C3) proto and one biological control agent selected from (C5) ento Zoas as described above. mopathogenic nematodes as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain 10 (A) Fluopyram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 and one biological control agent selected QST2808 and one biological control agent selected from (C3) protozoas as described above. from (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes as described Preference is given to combinations comprising at least above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM 15 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least I-1582 and one biological control agent selected from (C4) (A) Fluopyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM viruses as described above. I-1582 and one biological control agent selected from (C6) Preference is given to combinations comprising at least inoculants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM Preference is given to combinations comprising at least I-1562 and one biological control agent selected from (C4) (A) Fluopyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM viruses as described above. I-1562 and one biological control agent selected from (C6) Preference is given to combinations comprising at least inoculants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Preference is given to combinations comprising at least strain IN937a, and one biological control agent selected (A) Fluopyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens from (C4) viruses as described above. 25 strain IN937a, and one biological control agent selected Preference is given to combinations comprising at least from (C6) inoculants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Preference is given to combinations comprising at least strain FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from (A) Fluopyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (C4) viruses as described above. strain FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from Preference is given to combinations comprising at least 30 (C6) inoculants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least and one biological control agent selected from (C4) viruses (A) Fluopyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 as described above. and one biological control agent selected from (C6) inocu Preference is given to combinations comprising at least 35 lants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain Preference is given to combinations comprising at least QST713 and one biological control agent selected from (C4) (A) Fluopyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain viruses as described above. QST713 and one biological control agent selected from (C6) Preference is given to combinations comprising at least inoculants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 40 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least and one biological control agent selected from (C4) viruses (A) Fluopyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 as described above. and one biological control agent selected from (C6) inocu Preference is given to combinations comprising at least lants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain Preference is given to combinations comprising at least QST2808 and one biological control agent selected from 45 (A) Fluopyram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain (C4) viruses as described above. QST2808 and one biological control agent selected Preference is given to combinations comprising at least from (C6) inoculants as described above. (A) Fluopyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM Preference is given to combinations comprising at least I-1582 and one biological control agent selected from (C5) (A) Fluopyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM entomopathogenic nematodes as described above. 50 I-1582 and one biological control agent selected from (C7) botanicals as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM (A) Fluopyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM I-1562 and one biological control agent selected from (C5) I-1562 and one biological control agent selected from (C7) entomopathogenic nematodes as described above. 55 botanicals as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (A) Fluopyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a, and one biological control agent selected strain IN937a, and one biological control agent selected from (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes as described above. from (C7) botanicals as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least 60 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (A) Fluopyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from strain FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes as described above. (C7) botanicals as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 65 (A) Fluopyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 and one biological control agent selected from (C5) ento and one biological control agent selected from (C7) botani mopathogenic nematodes as described above. cals as described above. US 9,433,214 B2 21 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 and one biological control agent selected from (C7) botanicals as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 and one biological control agent selected from (C7) botani cals as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain 10 QST2808 and one biological control agent selected from (C7) botanicals as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM I-1582 and one biological control agent selected from (C8.1) 15 Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B2) Bacillus cereus strain CNCM I-1562 and one biological control agent selected from (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B3) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain IN937a, and one biological control agent selected 25 from (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B4) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 and one biological control agent selected from 30 (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B5) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 and one biological control agent selected from (C8.1) Har 35 pin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B6) Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 and one biological control agent selected from (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as 40 described above. Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B7) Bacillus pumilus strain GB34 and one biological control agent selected from (C8.1) Har pin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as described above. 45 Preference is given to combinations comprising at least (A) Fluopyram and the (B8) Bacillus pumilus strain QST2808 and one biological control agent selected from (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) as described above. 50 (C5) entomopathogenic nematodes, (C6) inoculants, (C7) botanicals, and (C8.1) Harpin (produced by Erwinia amylovora) Preference is also given to the following ternary active 55 compound combinations selected from the group (G1) con sisting of (A)+(B1)+(C1.1), (A)+(B1)+(C1.2). (A)+(B1)+(C1.3), (A)+(B1)+(C1.4), (A)+(B1)+(C1.5), (A)+(B1)+(C1.6), (A)+ (B1)+(C1.7), (A)+(B1)+(C1.8), (A)+(B1)+(C1.9), (A)+ 60 (B1)+(C1.10), (A)+(B1)+(C1.11), (A)+(B1)+(C1.12), (A)+ (B1)+(C1.13), (A)+(B1)+(C1.14), (A)+(B1)+(C1.15), (A)+ (B1)+(C1.16), (A)+(B1)+(C1.17), (A)+(B1)+(C1.18), (A)+ (B1)+(C1.19). (A)+(B1)+(C1.20), (A)+(B1)+(C1.21), (A)+ (B1)+(C1.22), (A)+(B1)+(C1.23), (A)+(B1)+(C1.24), (A)+ 65 (B1)+(C1.25), (A)+(B1)+(C1.26), (A)+(B1)+(C1.27), (A)+ (B1)+(C1.27a), (A)+(B1)+(C1.27b), (A)+(B1)+(C1.27c),

US 9,433,214 B2

(C5.23), (C5.26), (C5.29), 35 (C5.32), (C5.35), (C5.38), (C5.41), (C5.44), 40 (C5.47), (C5.50), (C5.53), (C5.56), (C5.59), 45 (C5.62), (C5.65), (C6.3), (C6.6), 50

65 US 9,433,214 B2

(C5.20), (C5.23), (C5.26), 35 (C5.29), (C5.32), (C5.35), (C5.38), (C5.41), 40 (C5.44), (C5.47), (C5.50), (C5.53), (C5.56), 45 (C5.59), (C5.62), (C5.65), (C6.3), (C6.6), 50

US 9,433,214 B2 39 40 The invention is also directed to a method for reducing water use efficiency (correlating to reduced water consump overall damage of plants and plant parts as well as losses in tion), flood tolerance, ozone stress and UV tolerance, toler harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, nematodes ance towards chemicals like heavy metals, salts, pesticides or phytopathogens comprising the step of simultaneously or (safener) etc. sequentially applying compound (A), spore-forming bacte Biotic stress tolerance, comprising increased fungal resis ria (B) and at least one biological control agent (C) selected tance and increased resistance against nematodes, viruses from bacteria, in particular spore-forming bacteria, fungi or and bacteria. In context with the present invention, biotic yeasts, protoZoas, viruses, and entomopathogenic nema stress tolerance preferably comprises increased fungal resis todes, inoculants botanicals, and products produced by tance and increased resistance against nematodes microorganisms including proteins or secondary metabo 10 Increased plant vigor, comprising plant health/plant qual lites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin, on the plant, plant parts, ity and seed vigor, reduced stand failure, improved appear harvested fruits or vegetables. ance, increased recovery, improved greening effect and As already mentioned before, using compound (A), spore improved photosynthetic efficiency. forming bacteria (B) and at least one biological control agent Effects on plant hormones or functional enzymes. (C) selected from bacteria, in particular spore-forming bac 15 Effects on growth regulators (promoters), comprising teria, fungi or yeasts, protoZoas, viruses, and entomopatho earlier germination, better emergence, more developed root genic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals, and products pro system or improved root growth, increased ability of filter duced by microorganisms including proteins or secondary ing, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, increased metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin as a combination is plant height or biomass, shorting of stems, improvements in advantageous. The broadening of the activity spectrum to shoot growth, number of kernels/ear, number of ears/m, other agricultural pests (i.e. insects, acari, nematodes, and number of stolons or number of flowers, enhanced harvest phytopathogens) and, for example to resistant strains of Such index, bigger leaves, less dead basal leaves, improved phyl agricultural pests or plant diseases can be achieved. lotaxy, earlier maturation/earlier fruit finish, homogenous Also according to the invention, the compound (A) Flu riping, increased duration of grain filling, better fruit finish, opyram, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacil 25 bigger fruit/vegetable size, sprouting resistance and reduced lus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM lodging. I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq Increased yield, referring to total biomass per hectare, uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis yield per hectare, kernel/fruit weight, seed size or hectoliter strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par weight as well as to increased product quality, comprising: ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento 30 improved processability relating to size distribution (kernel, mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod fruit, etc.), homogenous riping, grain moisture, better mill lucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or ing, better vinification, better brewing, increased juice yield, secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin can be harvestability, digestibility, sedimentation value, falling used in a lower application rate and still achieve the suffi number, pod stability, storage stability, improved fiber cient control of the agricultural pests or plant diseases. This 35 length/strength/uniformity, increase of milk or meet quality is particularly visible if application rates for the before of silage fed animals, adaption to cooking and frying: mentioned compounds or biological control agents are used further comprising improved marketability relating to where the individual compounds or biological control agents improved fruit/grain quality, size distribution (kernel, fruit, show no or virtually no activity. Moreover, even an etc.), increased storage/shelf-life, firmness/softness, taste enhanced systemic action of compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) 40 (aroma, texture, etc.), grade (size, shape, number of berries, a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected etc.), number of berries/fruits per bunch, crispness, fresh from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCMI-1582, Bacil ness, coverage with wax, frequency of physiological disor lus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, ders, colour, etc.; Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain further comprising increased desired ingredients such as e.g. QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in particular 45 protein content, fatty acids, oil content, oil quality, amino bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopatho acid composition, Sugar content, acid content (pH), Sugar/ genic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and products pro acid ratio (Brix), polyphenols, starch content, nutritional duced by microorganisms including proteins or secondary quality, gluten content/index, energy content, taste, etc.; metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin is higher or a per and further comprising decreased undesired ingredients such sistency of the fungicidal, insecticidal, acaricidal or nemati 50 as e.g. less mycotoxins, less aflatoxines, geosmin level. cidal action is expected. phenolic aromas, lacchase, polyphenol oxidases and peroxi Plant Physiology Effects dases, nitrate content etc. Also according to the invention, the compound (A) Flu Sustainable agriculture, comprising nutrient use effi opyram, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacil ciency, especially nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, phosphours lus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM 55 (P)-use efficiency, water use efficiency, improved transpira I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq tion, respiration or CO assimilation rate, better nodulation, uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis improved Ca-metabolism etc. strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par Delayed senescence, comprising improvement of plant ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento physiology which is manifested, for example, in a longer mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod 60 grain filling phase, leading to higher yield, a longer duration ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or of green leaf colouration of the plant and thus comprising secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin can be colour (greening), water content, dryness etc. Accordingly, used for improving plant physiology effects. in the context of the present invention, it has been found that In context with the present invention plant physiology the specific inventive application of the active compound effects comprise the following: 65 combination makes it possible to prolong the green leaf area Abiotic stress tolerance, comprising temperature toler duration, which delays the maturation (senescence) of the ance, drought tolerance and recovery after drought stress, plant. The main advantage to the farmer is a longer grain US 9,433,214 B2 41 42 filling phase leading to higher yield. There is also an presented as a ratio of variable fluorescence (Fv) over the advantage to the farmer on the basis of greater flexibility in maximum fluorescence value (Fm). The Performance Index the harvesting time. is essentially an indicator of Sample vitality. (See e.g. Therein "sedimentation value” is a measure for protein Advanced Techniques in Soil Microbiology, 2007, 11, 319 quality and describes according to Zeleny (Zeleny value) the 5 341, Applied Soil Ecology, 2000, 15, 169-182.) degree of sedimentation of flour Suspended in a lactic acid The improvement in greening/improved colour and Solution during a standard time interval. This is taken as a improved photosynthetic efficiency as well as the delay of measure of the baking quality. Swelling of the gluten frac senescence can also be assessed by measurement of the net tion of flour in lactic acid solution affects the rate of photosynthetic rate (Pn), measurement of the chlorophyll sedimentation of a flour Suspension. Both a higher gluten 10 content, e.g. by the pigment extraction method of Ziegler content and a better gluten quality give rise to slower and Ehle, measurement of the photochemical efficiency sedimentation and higher Zeleny test values. The sedimen (Fv/Fm ratio), determination of shoot growth and final root tation value of flour depends on the wheat protein compo or canopy biomass, determination of tiller density as well as sition and is mostly correlated to the protein content, the of root mortality. wheat hardness, and the Volume of pan and hearth loaves. A 15 Within the context of the present invention preference is stronger correlation between loaf volume and Zeleny sedi given to improving plant physiology effects which are mentation volume compared to SDS sedimentation volume selected from the group comprising: enhanced root growth/ could be due to the protein content influencing both the more developed root system, improved greening, improved volume and Zeleny value (Czech J. Food Sci. Vol. 21, No. water use efficiency (correlating to reduced water consump 3: 91-96, 2000). tion), improved nutrient use efficiency, comprising espe Further the “falling number as mentioned herein is a cially improved nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, delayed senes measure for the baking quality of cereals, especially of cence and enhanced yield. wheat. The falling number test indicates that sprout damage Within the enhancement of yield preference is given as to may have occurred. It means that changes to the physical an improvement in the sedimentation value and the falling properties of the starch portion of the wheat kernel has 25 number as well as to the improvement of the protein and already happened. Therein, the falling number instrument Sugar content—especially with plants selected from the analyzes viscosity by measuring the resistance of a flour and group of cereals (preferably wheat). water paste to a falling plunger. The time (in seconds) for Preferably the novel use of the fungicidal or nematicidal this to happen is known as the falling number. The falling or pestidical compositions of the present invention relates to number results are recorded as an index of enzyme activity 30 a combined use of a) preventively or curatively controlling in a wheat or flour sample and results are expressed in time insects, nematodes or phytopathogens, and b) at least one of as seconds. A high falling number (for example, above 300 enhanced root growth, improved greening, improved water seconds) indicates minimal enzyme activity and sound qual use efficiency, delayed senescence and enhanced yield. From ity wheat or flour. A low falling number (for example, below group b) enhancement of root system, water use efficiency 250 seconds) indicates Substantial enzyme activity and 35 and N-use efficiency is particularly preferred. sprout-damaged wheat or flour. The compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) a spore-forming bac The term “more developed root system/improved root terium of the genera Bacillus, selected from Bacillus firmus, growth refers to longer root system, deeper root growth, Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus faster root growth, higher root dry/fresh weight, higher root pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain Volume, larger root surface area, bigger root diameter, higher 40 GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and (C) a biological root stability, more root branching, higher number of root control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, proto hairs, or more root tips and can be measured by analyzing Zoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, the root architecture with Suitable methodologies and Image botanicals and products produced by microorganisms analysis programmes (e.g. WinRhizo). including proteins or secondary metabolites, particularly The term “crop water use efficiency” refers technically to 45 (C8.1) Harpin may be applied in any desired manner, such the mass of agriculture produce per unit water consumed and as in the form of a seed coating, Soil drench, or directly economically to the value of product(s) produced per unit in-furrow or as a foliar spray and applied either pre-emer water Volume consumed and can e.g. be measured in terms gence, post-emergence or both. In other words, the compo of yield perha, biomass of the plants, thousand-kernel mass, sition can be applied to the seed, the plant or to harvested and the number of ears per m2. 50 fruits and vegetables or to the soil wherein the plant is The term "nitrogen-use efficiency” refers technically to growing or wherein it is desired to grow. the mass of agriculture produce per unit nitrogen consumed The term “controlling stands for a reduction of the and economically to the value of product(s) produced per damage on the plant or plant parts as well as losses in unit nitrogen consumed, reflecting uptake and utilization harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, nematodes efficiency. 55 or phytopathogens of at least 30%, preferably 50%, more Improvement in greening/improved colour and improved preferably 60%, more preferably 75%, more preferably photosynthetic efficiency as well as the delay of senescence 80%, more preferably 90%, when compared to the untreated can be measured with well-known techniques such as a control. Handy Pea system (Hansatech). Fv/Fm is a parameter widely If not mentioned otherwise, the expression “combination' used to indicate the maximum quantum efficiency of pho 60 stands for the various combinations of the compound (A) tosystem II (PSII). This parameter is widely considered to be Fluopyram, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera a selective indication of plant photosynthetic performance Bacillus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus with healthy samples typically achieving a maximum Fv/Fm CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus value of approx. 0.85. Values lower than this will be amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus observed if a sample has been exposed to some type of biotic 65 subtilis strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in or abiotic stress factor which has reduced the capacity for particular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento photochemical quenching of energy within PSII. Fv/Fm is mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod US 9,433,214 B2 43 44 ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or lites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin to the same plant or plant secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin in a solo parts. The time periods between the first and the second formulation, in a single “ready-mix' form, in a combined application within a (crop) growing cycle may vary and spray mixture composed from solo-formulations, such as a depend on the effect to be achieved. For example, the first "tank-mix', and especially in a combined use of the single application is done to prevent an infestation of the plant or active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. plant parts with insects, nematodes or phytopathogens (this one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as is particularly the case when treating seeds) or to combat the a few hours or days, e.g. 2 hours to 7 days. The order of infestation with insects, nematodes or phytopathogens (this applying compound (A), spore-forming bacteria (B) and at is parparticularly the case when treating plants and plant least one biological control agent (C) selected from bacteria, 10 parts) and the second application is done to prevent or in particular spore-forming bacteria, fungi or yeasts, proto control the infestation with insects, nematodes or phyto Zoal, viruses, and entomopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, pathogens. Control in this context means that the biological botanicals, and products produced by microorganisms control agent is not able to fully exterminate the pests or including proteins or secondary metabolites, particularly phytopathogenic fungi but is able to keep the infestation on (C8.1) Harpin is not essential for working the present 15 an acceptable level. invention. By following the before mentioned steps, a very low level Accordingly, the term “combination” also encompasses of residues of the compound (A) on the treated plant, plant the presence of the compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) a spore parts, and the harvested fruits and vegetables can be forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected from achieved. Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacillus In general, the terms “spore-forming bacteria”, “fungi' or cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacil yeasts' comprise all stages of bacteria, fungi and yeast lus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and including resting spores, conidia, blastospores, filamentous (C) a biological control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or stages and other inactive forms of said organisms which can yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, yield in active organisms. Thus, in one embodiment, said inoculants, botanicals and products produced by microor 25 organisms are comprised in form of spores in a formulation, ganisms including proteins or secondary metabolites, par e.g., a solo- or combined-formulation. ticularly (C8.1) Harpin on or in a plant to be treated or its In general, the term “nematode” comprises eggs, larvae, Surrounding, habitat or storage space, e.g. after simultane juvenile and mature forms of said organism. Thus, in one ously or consecutively applying compound (A) Fluopyram, embodiment, said organisms are comprised in form of eggs, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, 30 larvae, juvenile or mature form in a formulation, e.g., a solo selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM or combined-formulation. I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq Nematodes are microscopic unsegmented worms known uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis to reside in virtually every type of environment (terrestrial, strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par freshwater, marine). Of the over 80,000 known species ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento 35 many are agriculturally significant, particularly those clas mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod sified as pests. One Such species is the root knot nematode ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or which attacks a broad range of plants, shrubs and crops. secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin to a plant These soil-born nematodes attack newly formed roots caus its Surrounding, habitat or storage space. ing stunted growth, Swelling or gall formation. The roots A solo- or combined-formulation is the formulation which 40 may then crack open thus exposing the roots to other is applied to the plants to be treated (e.g., in a greenhouse, microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi. With environmen on a field, in a wood), e.g., a tank formulation comprising the tally friendly practices such as reduced or no tillage farming, biological control agent in accordance with the present and various nematode species acquiring resistance to trans invention and a compound (A) or a liquid or solid formu genic seed, nematode related crop losses appear to be on the lation comprising component (B) and the biological control 45 rise. agent (C) which is applied prior, after or in parallel with a Chemical nematicides such as Soil fumigants or non compound (A) to a plant to be treated. fumigants have been in use for many years to combat If the compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) a spore-forming nematode infestations. Such nematicides may require bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected from Bacillus repeated applications of synthetic chemicals to the ground firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, 50 prior to planting. Due to their toxicity, chemical nematicides Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus sub have come under scrutiny from the Environmental Protec tilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and (C) a tion Agency (EPA) and in some cases their use has been biological control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or limited or restricted by the EPA. As the use of traditional yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, chemical nematicides such as methyl-bromide and organo inoculants, botanicals and products produced by microor 55 phosphates continue to be phased out, a need for the ganisms including proteins or secondary metabolites, par development of alternative treatment options has arisen. ticularly (C8.1) Harpin are employed or used in a sequential The term “plant to be treated encompasses every part of manner, it is preferred to treat the plants or plant parts a plant including its root system and the material—e.g., Soil (which includes seeds and plants emerging from the seed), or nutrition medium—which is in a radius of at least 10 cm, harvested fruits and vegetables according to the following 60 20 cm, 30 cm around the bole of a plant to be treated or method: Firstly applying the compound (A) on the plant or which is at least 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm around the root system plant parts, and secondly applying (B) the spore-forming of said plant to be treated, respectively. bacteria and (C) the biological control agent selected from As already mentioned, the compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) bacteria, in particular spore-forming bacteria, fungi or a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected yeasts, protozoal, viruses, and entomopathogenic nema 65 from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacil todes, inoculant, botanicals and products produced by lus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, microorganisms including proteins or secondary metabo Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain US 9,433,214 B2 45 46 QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in particular on the final formulation as well as size or type of the plant, bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopatho plant parts, seeds, harvested fruits and vegetables to be genic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and products pro treated. Usually, the biological control agent to be employed duced by microorganisms including proteins or secondary or used according to the invention is present in about 2% to metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin can be employed or 5 about 80% (w/w), preferably in about 5% to about 75% used according to the invention as a solo- or a combined (w/w), more preferably about 10% to about 70% (w/w) of its formulation. Such formulations may include agriculturally solo-formulation or combined-formulation with the com Suitable auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, Surfactants or extend pound of formula (I), and optionally the inoculant. CS. If bacteria, fungi or yeasts are selected as biological If the active compounds in the active compound combi 10 control agent, in particular those who are named as being nations according to the invention are present in certain preferred, it is preferred that they are present in a solo weight ratios, the Synergistic effect is particularly pro formulation or the combined-formulation in a concentration nounced. However, the weight ratios of the active com in excess of 10-10" cfu/g (colony forming units per gram), pounds in the active compound combinations can be varied preferably in excess of 10°-10' cfu/g, more preferably within a relatively wide range. 15 10-10" cfu cfu/g and most preferably about 10 cfu/g. In general, from 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, preferably It is preferred to employ or use compound (A) Fluopyram, from 0.05 to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably from (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, of active compound of group (B) selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM and from 0.01 to 100 parts by weight, preferably from 0.05 I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq to 20 parts by weight, particularly preferably from 0.1 to 10 uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis parts by weight, of active compound of group (C) are present strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par per part by weight of active compound (A) Fluopyram. The ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento mixing ratio is preferably to be chosen such that a syner mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod gistic active compound combination is obtained. ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or The weight ratio (A), (B) and (C) is selected as to give the 25 secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin in a syn desired, for example synergistic, action. In general, the ergistic weight ratio. The skilled person is able to find out the weight ratio would vary depending on the specific active synergistic weight ratios for the present invention by routine compound. Generally the weight ratio between any of (A), methods. The skilled person understands that these ratios (B) and (C), independently of each other, is from 500 000:1 refer to the ratio within a combined-formulation as well as to 1:500 000, preferably 200 000:1 to 1:200 000, more 30 to the calculative ratio of compound (A) Fluopyram and the preferably, 100 000:1 to 1:100 000, and most preferably 50 biological control agent described herein when both com OOO:1 to 1:50 OOO. ponents are applied as mono-formulations to a plant to be Further weight ratio between any of (A), (B) and (C), treated. The skilled person can calculate this ratio by simple independently of each other, which can be used according to mathematics since the Volume and the amount of compound the present invention with increasing preference in the order 35 (A), compound (B) and the biological control agent (C), given are 75 000:1 to 1:75 000, 25 000:1 to 1:25 000, 20 respectively, in a mono-formulation is known to the skilled 000:1 to 1:20 000, 10 000:1 to 1:10 000, 5000:1 to 1:5000, person. In one embodiment, the said ratio refer to the ratio 2500:1 to 1:2500, 2000:1 to 1:2000, 1000:1 to 1:1000, 750:1 of the three components after all three components, i.e. to 1:750, 500:1 to 1:500, 250:1 to 1:250, 200:1 to 1:200, compound (A), compound (B) and the biological control 100:1 to 1:100,95:1 to 1:95, 90:1 to 1:90, 85:1 to 1:85, 80:1 40 agent (C), respectively, were applied to a plant to be treated to 1:80, 75:1 to 1:75, 70:1 to 1:70, 65:1 to 1:65, 60:1 to 1:60, independently whether the components were applied to a 55:1 to 1:55, 45:1 to 1:45, 40:1 to 1:40, 35:1 to 1:35, 30:1 plant to be treated in form of solo-applications or in form of to 1:30, 25:1 to 1:25, 15:1 to 1:15, 10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5, a combined-formulation. 4:1 to 1:4, 3:1 to 1:3, 2:1 to 1:2. It is preferred to employ or use the compound (A), Further weight ratio between any of (A), (B) and (C) are 45 compound (B) and the biological control agent (C), and in 1:200 000:20 000, 1:200 000:10 000. a synergistic weight ratio. The skilled person is able to find It has to be noted that before mentioned ratios ranges are out the synergistic weight ratios for the present invention by based on a the spore preparation of the bacteria, fungi or routine methods. The skilled person understands that these yeasts which contains 10-10' spores (fungi or bacteria) or ratios refer to the ratio within a combined-formulation as cells (yeast or bacteria) per gram. If spore preparations vary 50 well as to the calculative ratio of compound (A), compound in density, the ratios have to be adapted accordingly to match (B) and the biological control agent (C) described herein the above listed ratio ranges. A ratio of 1:100 means 100 when both components are applied as mono-formulations to weight parts of the spore or cell preparation of the fungi or a plant to be treated. The skilled person can calculate this yeast to 1 weight part of the compound (A). ratio by simple mathematics since the Volume and the The amount of the biological control agent (C) selected 55 amount of compound (A), compound (B) and the biological from bacteria, in particular spore-forming bacteria, fungi or control agent (C), respectively, in a mono-formulation is yeasts, protoZoas, viruses, and entomopathogenic which is known to the skilled person. In one embodiment, the said used or employed in combination with compound (A) Flu ratio refer to the ratio of the both components after all three opyram, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacil components, i.e. compound (A), compound (B) and the lus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM 60 biological control agent (C), respectively, were applied to a I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq plant to be treated independently whether the components uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis were applied to a plant to be treated in form of solo strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par applications or in form of a combined-formulation. ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod 65 control agent (C) is a bacterium and the concentration of the ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or bacteria after dispersal is at least 50 g/ha, at least 100 g/ha secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin, depends or at least 150 g/ha. US 9,433,214 B2 47 48 In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological control agent (C) is a bacterium, and the concentration of the control agent (C) is an entomopathogenic nematode and the bacteria after dispersal is at least 2.5 g/ha (hectare). Such as concentration of the nematodes is at least 10' nematodes/ha, 2.5-7500 g/ha, 5-2500 g/ha, 5-1500 g/ha; at least 250 g/ha: e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha, such as 10°-10' nematodes/ at least 100 g/ha, such as 100-5000 g/ha, 100-2500 g/ha, ha, e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha, 10°-10' nematodes/ha, 100-1500 g/ha or 100-250 g/ha; or at least 800 g/ha, such as e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha, at least 10 nematodes/ha, 800-5000 g/ha or 800-2500 g/ha. e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha such as 10-10' nematodes/ In another embodiment of the present invention, a bio ha, e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha, 10-10' nematodes/ha, logical control agent (C) is a bacterium, Such as B. firmus e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha; or at least 10’ nematodes/ha, e.g., strain CNCM I-1582, and the concentration of the 10 e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha, such as 10°-10' nematodes/ bacteria after dispersal is at least 50 g/ha such as 50-5000 ha, e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha or 10-10' nematodes/ g/ha, 50-2500 g/ha, 50-200 g/ha; at least 100 g/ha, at least ha, e.g., larval stage nematodes/ha. 500 g/ha, at least 800 g/ha, such as 800-5000 g/ha or In one embodiment of the present invention, the ratios 800-2500 g/ha. between (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacil In another embodiment of the present invention, a bio 15 lus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM logical control agent (C) is a bacterium, Such as B. subtilis, I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq e.g., strain GB 03, and the concentration of the bacteria after uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis dispersal is at least 50 g/ha such as 50-5000 g/ha, 50-2500 strain QST713 and compound (A) in a solo- or combined g/ha, 50-200 g/ha; at least 100 g/ha, at least 500 g/ha, at least formulation or on or in a plant to be treated or its Surround 800 g/ha, such as 800-5000 g/ha or 800-2500 g/ha. ing, habitat or storage space is between 500 000:1 to 1:500 In another embodiment of the present invention, a bio 000, preferably 200 000:1 to 1:200 000, more preferably, logical control agent (C) is a bacterium, Such as B. subtilis, 100 000:1 to 1:100 000, and most preferably 50 000:1 to e.g., strain QST713, and the concentration of the bacteria 1:50 OOO. after dispersal is at least 50 g/ha such as 50-5000 g/ha, In one embodiment of the present invention, the ratios 50-2500 g/ha, 50-200 g/ha; at least 100 g/ha, at least 500 25 between fungi (Such as Metarhizium aniisopliae, Paecilomy g/ha, at least 800 g/ha, such as 800-5000 g/ha or 800-2500 ces lilacinus, Beauveria bassiana, Nomuraea rileyi) and g/ha. compound (A) in a solo- or combined-formulation or on or In another embodiment of the present invention, a bio in a plant to be treated or its Surrounding, habitat or storage logical control agent (C) is a bacterium, Such as B. amyloliq space is between 50000:1 to 1:125, between 25000:1 to 1:25 uefaciens and the concentration of the bacteria after disper 30 or even 500:1 to 1:5. sal is at least 500 g/ha, such as 500-5000 g/ha, 500-2500 In one embodiment of the present invention, the ratios g/ha. between yeast (such as Metschnikowia fructicola) and com In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological pound (A) in a solo- or combined-formulation or on or in a control agent (C) is a fungus and the concentration of the plant to be treated or its Surrounding, habitat or storage space fungus after dispersal is at least 1 g/ha, Such as 1-7500 g/ha, 35 is between 2500:1 to 1:125, between 1250:1 and 1:125 1-2500 g/ha, 1-1500 g/ha; at least 250 g/ha (hectare), at least between 125:1 to 1:50, between 100:1 to 1:25 or even 50:1 500 g/ha or at least 800 g/ha. to 1:5. In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological In one embodiment of the present invention, the ratios control agent (C) is a fungus, Such as Paecilomyces lilaci between nematodes (such as Steinernema feltiae and Stein nus, e.g., Strain 251, and the concentration of the fungus 40 ernema carpocapsae) and compound (A) in a solo- or after dispersal is at least 50 g/ha; combined-formulation or on or in a plant to be treated or its at least 100 g/ha; at least 1000 g/ha; at least 2500 g/ha, Surrounding, habitat or storage space is between 125:1 to such as 2500-7500 g/ha, 2500-6000 g/ha; or at least 4000 1:125, between 100:1 to 1:25 or even 50:1 to 1:5. g/ha, such as 4000-6000 g/ha. The application rate of the biological control agent In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological 45 selected from bacteria, in particular spore-forming bacteria, control agent (C) is a fungus, such as Metarhizium fungi or yeasts, protoZoas, viruses, entomopathogenic nema anisopliae, e.g., Strain F52 and the concentration of the todes, botanicals and products produced by microorganisms fungus after dispersal is at least 1 g/ha, Such as 1-7500 g/ha, including proteins or secondary metabolites, particularly 1-2500 g/ha, 1-250 g/ha; or at least 100 g/ha, such as 100 (C8.1) Harpin to be employed or used according to the g/ha-1000 g/ha or 100-250 g/ha. 50 present invention may vary. The skilled person is able to find In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological the appropriate application rate by way of routine experi control agent (C) is yeast, such as Metschnikowia fructicola, mentS. and the concentration of the yeast after dispersal is at least Microorganisms such as fungi or bacteria can be obtained 50 g/ha, such as 50-5000 g/ha, 50-2000 g/ha; at least 1000 by conventional fermentation processes. The fermentation g/ha; at least 1500 g/ha, such as 500-5000 g/ha, 500-2500 55 can be carried out using solid, semi-solid or liquid nutrient g/ha, 500-2000 g/ha. media. If spores such as conidia are used, preference is given In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological to solid or semi-solid nutrient media. The nutrient media control agent (C) is a virus and the concentration of the virus contain the nutrients suitable and known for the cultivation after dispersal is at least 50 g/ha such as 50-7500 g/ha, of the respective microorganisms, in particular one or more 50-2500 g/ha, 50-1500 g/ha; at least 100 g/ha or at least 150 60 to metabolizable carbon Sources or nitrogen sources and g/ha. mineral salts. The fermentation is generally carried out at In one embodiment of the present invention, a biological temperatures between about 3° and about 40°C., preferably control agent (C) is a virus, such as Codling moth (Cydia between 20° and 35° C. For example, a representative pomonella) granulosis virus and the concentration of the fermentation is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,208. virus after dispersal is at least 50 g/ha (hectare) such as 65 A fermentation process comprises in general the steps of 50-5000 g/ha, 50-2500 g/ha, 50-1500 g/ha or 50-250 g/ha; or a) incubating spores Such as conidia of a microorganism in at least 100 g/ha, such as 100-500 g/ha or 100-250 g/ha. or on a nutrition medium (such as agar with further additives US 9,433,214 B2 49 50 Such as oatmeal); b) separating spores such as conidia from Bacillus subtilis, strain Marburg, was grown aerobically the nutrition medium after the incubation time, (e.g., by in heart infusion broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) shake off the conidia from the medium, centrifuging, filtrat on shaker at about 37° C. From an overnight culture 4 drops ing); and optionally c) preparing an emulsion of said isolated were inoculated into 70 ml of pre warmed broth. Growth conidia. was measured as optical density at 620 nm Cells were The skilled person is well aware how to adapt fermenta collected after 3.5-4.5 hours in the exponential phase of tion to a given microorganism such as fungi or bacteria. In growth. Centrifugation was carried out at room temperature the following, several fermentations are exemplified in more for 15 min at 7000 g (The Journal of Cell Biology. Volume detail. These examples are not meant to limit the scope of the 48, 1971 pages 219-224). 10 Bacillus subtilis is active in temperatures between 7° C. present invention. and 45° C. Bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZEB42, was originally Bacillus thuringiensis were cultured using media and isolated from infested soil in Germany (Krebs et al., 1998, fermentation techniques known in the art (see, for example, Chen et al., 2007). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 Rogoff et al., 1969, J. Invertebrate Path. 14: 122-129: 15 was cultivated in Luria broth (LB-1% w/v peptone, 0.5% Dulmage et al., 1971, J. Invertebrate Path. 18: 353–358: w/v yeast extract, 0.5% w/v NaCL) at 30° C. (Journal of Dulmage et al., in Microbial Control of Pests and Plant Biotechnology 151 (2011) 303-311). The bacteria was Diseases, H. D. Burges, ed., Academic Press, N.Y., 1980). grown in Landy medium as described in Koumoutsi et al., Upon completion of the fermentation cycle, the Supernatant 2004. To prepare surface cultures, the strains were grown in can be recovered by separating Bacillus thuringiensis spores petri dishes containing 1.5% Landy agar for 24 h at 37° C. and crystals from the fermentation broth by means well and stored at room temperature prior to MALDI-TOF-MS known in the art, e.g., centrifugation ultrafiltration, evapo analysis. Fermentation in liquid media was carried out in ration, or spray-drying (see also WO 1996001563 which is flasks at 30° C. and 180 rpm in a shaker (Journal of herewith incorporated by reference in its entirety). Bacteriology, February 2004, p. 1084-1096). The following culturing of Bacillus thuringiensis is e.g. 25 Fungi exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,032A, 1996: The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, strain DSM 3884, is A subculture of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates can be used known from EP-A-0268177. The production of conidia of to inoculate the following medium, a peptone, glucose, salts Metarhizium anisopliae is exemplified in EP 0794704 B1 medium: Bacto Peptone 7.5 g/l Glucose, 1.0 g/l KHPO, (U.S. Pat. No. 5,804,208). 3.4 g/l KHPO, 4.35 g/l salt solution, 5.0 m/l CaCl, 30 A nutrition medium Such as oatmeal agar (e.g., compo solution, 5.0 m/1 salts solution (100 ml) MgSO-7H2O, 2.46 sition: 30 g of oat flakes and 20 g of agar) in a Petri dish was g MnSO HO, 0.04 g ZnSO-7H2O, 0.28g FeSO-7H2O, inoculated with, e.g., 3 week old conidia of the Metarhizium 0.40 g CaCl, solution (100 ml), CaCl2.H2O, 3.66 g pH 7.2. anisopliae strain DSM 3884. The incubation time to multi The salts solution and CaCl Solution were sterilized (e.g., ply the conidia is, e.g., 3, 4, 5, or 6 days. The incubation filter-sterilized) and added to the sterilized (e.g., autoclaved 35 temperature can be around 7°C. to around 40°C., e.g. 22 and cooked) broth at the time of inoculation. Flasks were to 25°C. The formed conidia was isolated by, e.g., shaking incubated at around 30°C. on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm for off the conidia. The conidia can be stirred with 50 ml of 64 hours. The procedure can be readily scaled up to large water containing 1% of a non-ionic emulsifier Such as an fermentors by procedures well known in the art. The Bacil emulsifier based on polyoxy-ethylene (20) sorbitan mono lus thuringiensis spores and crystals, obtained in the fer 40 laurate (Tween 20R) until a suspension was obtained in mentation, can be isolated by procedures well known in the which the conidia was present as isolated particles. The art. A frequently-used procedure is to Subject the harvested conidia titer was and can be determined using, e.g., a fermentation broth to separation techniques, e.g., centrifu Neubauer chamber. The conidia can be stored in closed gation. cases under dry conditions, preferably at temperatures The Bacterium Bacillus firmus 45 between 0° and 25° C. The bacteria Bacillus subtilis is a naturally occurring Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 was isolated from bacteria found in soils all over the world. Bacillus subtilis infected nematode eggs in the Philippines, and correctly strain QST713 was isolated in 1995 by AgraGuest Inc. from described taxonomically in 1974. Optimal laboratory growth soil in a California peach orchard. This product is applied to of Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251 occurs at 21-27°C., and foliage (NYDEC 2001). In contrast, Bacillus subtilis strain 50 does not grow or survive above 36°C. (U.S. Environmental GB03 (KodiakR) was discovered in Australia in the 1930s Protection Agency, P lilacinus strain 251 Fact sheet). The and is applied either as a seed treatment or directly to soil. following cultivation of Paecilomyces lilacinus is exempli Neither strain is considered a genetically modified organism fied in Patent Application WO/1994/025579 (1994): (Cornell University: Organic Resource Guide, Material fact Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thorn) Samson (CBS 143.75), sheet Bacillus subtilis) 55 obtained e.g. from the CBS (Central Bureau of Fungal Isolation of Bacillus subtilis and related strains from soil: Cultures) in Baarn (The Netherlands), can be maintained on To isolate wild Bacillus subtilis strains, e.g., 2 g soil samples Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA; Difco laboratories) at 25°C. A were dissolved in 2 ml of 10 mM Tris/HCl (pH 7.2) and then conidial Suspension was obtained by adding sterilized water boiled at 95° C. for 5 min From these samples, 0.1 ml of (e.g., 5 ml) to a Petri dish containing sporulating mycelium each sample was then spread onto LB plates and incubated 60 and scraping the Surface with a glass rod. Liquid cultures at 37° C. were obtained by inoculating conidia of the fungus to Sporulation assay: Bacillus subtilis Strains were grown in minimal salt medium or corn flour medium Supplemented 26 SG medium at 37° C. and sporulation was assayed at 24 with the substrate. The minimal salt medium (MM) consists hours after the end of the exponential phase. The number of of 4.56 g H2PO4, 2.77 g KH2 HP04, 0.5g MgSO4.7H20 and spores per ml culture was determined by identifying the 65 0.5 g. KCI/1, pH 6.0. Mycelium can be obtained by centri number of heat-resistant colony forming units (80° C. for 10 fuging a, e.g., 6 day old culture of conidia of Paecilomyces min) on LB plates. lilacinus. For example, cultures can be grown in a shaking US 9,433,214 B2 51 52 water bath for several days at 30° C. and 125 strokes per which is then repeatedly washed in Tris buffer and pelleted minute. Culture filtrates were obtained by centrifuging cul to remove residual Sucrose. (Journal of general Virology tures for, e.g., 45 min at 9000 g. (1992), 73, 1621-1626). The preparation of Metschnikowia fructicola is exempli Entomopathogenic Nematodes fied in U.S. Pat. No. 6,994,849: Nematodes can be reared in liquid culture techniques (see, The yeast species Metschnikowia fructicola was isolated e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,023,183 which is herewith incorporated from the surface of grape berries (cv. Superior) grown in the by reference in its entirety) and stored, for example, as eggs, central part of Israel. At various stages, individual berries larvae in Suspension cultures or in clay powder or adult were submersed in sterile distilled water in 100 ml beakers nematodes, e.g., in clay powder. Nematodes can be held in and shaken vigorously for 2 hours on rotary shaker at 120 10 the refrigerator (2-6°C.) until use for up to 4 weeks and can rpm. Aliquots of 100 ml were removed from the wash liquid be reactivated by suspension in warm water (>12°C.). and plated on PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar; DIFCO Labo One method to isolate entomopathogenic nematodes from ratories, U.S.A.) medium. Following 4-5 days of incubation, soil is described by Cairns, 1960, Folia parasitica 47: yeast colonies were picked randomly according to colony 15 315-318, 2000. For soil samples, a sieving-decanting characteristics (color and morphology) and streaked indi method was employed with final isolation of the nematodes vidually on fresh medium to obtain biologically pure cul from the sieving debris using a Baermann funnel with cotton tures. Cultures were further purified by repeated streaking on filter. For this method, which is commonly applied for the PDA. Identification and characterization of the new species extraction of plant-parasitic and Soil nematodes (Southey was done at the Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing 1986), 250 ml soil was used. The nematode suspension was center, USDA-ARS, Peoria, Ill., USA. Metschnikowia fruc fixed, checked for the presence of entomopathogenic nema ticola was deposited at the NRRL under the number todes using an inverted light microscope, and the number of Y-30752. This deposit has been made in compliance with the Steinernema specimens was determined Species identifica terms of the Budapest Treaty. tion was mostly done at high microscopical magnification Metschnikowia fructicola was propagated under aerobic 25 using morphological characters of the infectivestage juve conditions at temperatures ranging from 5° C. to 37° C. niles (Sturhan in Hominick et al. 1997, and unpublished). Optimal growth temperature is between 20° C. and 27°C. Entomopathogenic nematodes can be mass-produced by The yeast grows in liquid medium (nutrient broth; Droby et in-vivo or in-vitro methods. Larvae of Galleria mellonella al., 1989) with a neutral pH. The cell density of the yeast are most commonly used to rear nematodes because of their generally reached its maximum (stationary stage) growth in 30 commercial availability. Several researchers (Dutky et al. 24-48 hours. For laboratory and small scale tests growth in 1964, Howell 1979, Lindegren et al. 1993, Flanders et al. Erlenmeyer flasks containing the medium and shaken on a 1996) have described the methods of nematode infection, rotary shaker was suitable. For large scale and commercial inoculation, and harvesting. Using the in-vivo process, tests, fermentation tanks and industrial growth media were yields between 0.5x10-4x10 infective juveniles, depend preferred. The yeast cells were harvested by centrifugation 35 ing on the nematode species, have been obtained. During the using conventional laboratory or industrial centrifuges. past few years a distinct cottage industry has emerged in the Viruses USA which utilizes the in-vivo process for nematode mass Cydia pomonella granulosis viruses (CpGV) which are production for sale, especially in the home lawn and garden used in the products MADEX (Andermatt Biocontrol) and markets. The in-vivo process, however, lacks any economy Granupom (Probis GmbH) are deposited since 2005 at the 40 of scale; the labor, equipment, and material (insect) costs German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures increase as a linear function of production capacity. Perhaps (DSMZ). Isolates used for the production of MADEX (An even more important is the lack of improved quality while dermatt Biocontrol), Granupom (Probis GmbH), VIRGO increasing scale. The in-vivo nematode production is (SipcamS.p.A.) and CARPOVIRUSINE (Arysta Life increasingly sensitive to biological variations and catastro Science S.A.S) were all derived from the Mexican isolate 45 phes as scale increases (Friedman 1990). Several formula originally isolated in 1963 and are not genetically modified. tions have been developed for the storage and application of (Virus accession number: GV-0001) entomopathogenic nematodes. The shelf life of different The identity of the virus produce can be bioanalytically nematode-based products varies depending on the formula checked against the parent strain by SDSpolyacrylamide-gel tion, nematode species and temperature. In the simplest type electrophoresis of the virus protein sand by Restriction 50 of formulation, the nematodes are impregnated onto moist endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. carrier Substrates providing Substantial interstitial spaces Prior to DNA isolation the test item has to be purified. The leading to increased gas exchange. Such carriers include purified CpGVOB pellet is resuspended in 1 ml sterile water polyether polyurethane sponge, cedar shavings, peat, Ver and the CpGV OB concentration is enumerated in the miculite, etc. Nematodes held on the sponge need to be Petroff-Hausser counting chamber. The concentration of 55 hand-squeezed into water before application, whereas from active Cydia pomonella Granulosis virus (CpGV) is deter the other carriers they may be applied directly to the soil as mined by means of a quantitative bioassay. The granules mulch (Neotropical Entomology, Vol. 30, no. 2, Londrina, (occlusion bodies) of CpGV are counted under the light June 2001, ISSN 1519-566X). microscope. The virus titer in the end-use product is adjusted A bioassay to determine nematode viability is described, to the requested granules/l (Assessment Report: Cydia 60 e.g., in Simser (J. of Nematology 24(3):374-378; 1992). The pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV)—Mexican Isolate (2007). Nematode viability was verified by host bioassay. Late instar CpGV derives from the Mexican isolate of CpGV larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellone, were (Tanada, 1964) and is propagated in larvae of Cydia pomo buried 2.5 cm deep between plants before nematode appli nella. Infected larvae are homogenized and centrifuged in cation (four larvae per replicate), collected after 7 days, 50% sucrose (w/w). The pellet is resuspended and the 65 placed in petri dishes (9 cm diameter) and held in darkness granules are purified by, e.g., centrifugation through a linear at ca. 25 C. Insect mortality (>90%) and subsequent nema 50% to 60% (w/w) sucrose gradient, generating a virus band tode propagation with cadavers demonstrated infectivity of US 9,433,214 B2 53 54 the nematodes. The skilled person is well aware how to It is further generally preferred to use or employ the adopt this kind of bioassay to different nematode species. compound (A), compound (B) and the biological control The preferred application rate of bacteria as biological agent (C) selected from bacteria, in particular spore-forming control agent, in particular of spores of the bacteria (1.26a). bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoal, viruses, and ento namely B. subtilis strain GBO3, lies in the range of 0.1 to 3 mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod kg/ha. ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or The preferred application rate of fungi as biological secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin on horti control agent, in particular the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae cultural crops as well as broad acre crops such as cotton, strain F 52 lies in the range of 0.1 to 3 kg/ha corn, soybean, cereals, canola, oil seed rape, Sugar cane and The preferred application rate of yeasts as biological 10 control agent, in particular the yeast Metschnikowia fructi rice. cola strain NRRL Y-30752 lies in the range of 0.05 to 8 Furthermore the invention relates to a method of control kg/ha. ling insects, nematodes or phytopathogens, characterized in The preferred application rate of protozoa, viruses, and that the active compound combinations according to the entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents 15 invention are applied to the insects, nematodes or phyto lies in the range of 0.5 to 10 kg/ha. pathogens or their habitat. It is generally preferred to use or employ the compound If not mentioned otherwise the treatment of plants or plant (A), compound (B) and the biological control agent (C) parts (which includes seeds and plants emerging from the selected from bacteria, in particular spore-forming bacteria, seed), harvested fruits and vegetables with the compound fungi or yeasts, protozoal, viruses, and entomopathogenic (A) Fluopyram, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera nematodes inoculants, botanicals and products produced by Bacillus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus microorganisms including proteins or secondary metabo CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus lites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin on horticultural crops, such amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus as cotton, flax, grapevines, fruit, vegetable. Such as Rosa subtilis strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in ceae sp. (for example pomaceous fruit, such as apples and 25 particular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento pears, but also stone fruit, such as apricots, cherries, mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod almonds and peaches and soft fruit Such as Strawberries), ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or Ribesioidaesp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacar secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin is carried diaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., out directly or by action on their Surroundings, habitat or Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for example 30 storage space using customary treatment methods, for banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (for example example dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, evaporat coffee). Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for ing, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, painting, example lemons, oranges and grapefruit), Solanaceae sp. spreading-on, watering (drenching), drip irrigating. It is (for example tomatoes), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (for furthermore possible to apply compound (A) Fluopyram, example lettuce), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Che 35 (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, nopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp. (for example cucum selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM bers), Alliaceae sp. (for example leek, onions), Papilion I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq aceae sp. (for example peas); major crop plants, such uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis Gramineae sp. (for example maize, lawn, cereals such as strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Poaceae 40 ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento sp. (for example Sugarcane), Asteraceae sp. (for example mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod Sunflowers), Brassicaceae sp. (for example white cabbage, ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflowers, Brussels sprouts, pak secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin as solo Choi, turnip cabbage, garden radish, and also oilseed rape, formulation or combined-formulations by the ultra-low vol mustard, horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example 45 ume method, or to inject the compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) beans, peas, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for example Soya a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected beans), Solanaceae sp. (for example potatoes), Chenopodi from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCMI-1582, Bacil aceae sp. (for example Sugar beet, fodder beet, Swiss chard, lus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, beetroot); crop plants and ornamental plants in garden and Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain forest; and also in each case genetically modified varieties of 50 QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in particular these plants. bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopatho Horticultural crops particularly includes carrots, pump genic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and products pro kin, squash, Zucchini, potato, Sweet corn, onions, ornamen duced by microorganisms including proteins or secondary tals, medicinal herbs, culinary herbs, tomatoes, spinach, metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin as a composition or pepper, melon, lettuce, cucumber, celery, beets, cabbage, 55 as sole-formulations into the soil (in-furrow). cauliflower, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, turnip cabbage, kale, Compositions radish, rutabaga, turnip, asparagus, bean, pea, apples, rasp The present invention furthermore relates to compositions berry, Strawberry, banana, mango, grapes, peaches, pears, for reducing overall damage of plants and plant parts as well guava, pineapple, pomegranate, garlic, capsicum, chili, rad as losses in harvested fruits or vegetables caused by insects, ish, star fruit, tapioca, walnuts, lemon, mandarin, mangold, 60 nematodes or phytopathogens and which have fungicidal or mushroom, olive, orange, papaya, paprika, passion fruit, nematicidal or insecticidal activity including any combina peanuts, pecan nuts, prune, pistachio nuts, persimmon, pam tion of the three activities comprising the active compound plemouse (grapefruit), eggplant, endive, cranberry, goose combinations according to the invention. Preferably, the berry, hazel nuts, kiwifruit, almonds, amaranth, apricot, compositions are fungicidal or nematicidal or insecticidal artichoke, avocado, blackberry, cashew nut, cherry, clemen 65 (including any combination of the three) compositions com tine, coconut, cantaloupes and includes their harvested prising agriculturally Suitable auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, goods, such as fruits and vegetables. Surfactants or extenders. US 9,433,214 B2 55 56 For the sake of clearness, a combination means a physical densates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or with fatty combination of (A) Fluopyram, (B) a spore-forming bacte acids or with fatty amines, substituted phenols (preferably rium of the genera Bacillus, selected from Bacillus firmus, alkylphenols or arylphenols), salts of Sulphosuccinic esters, Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and (C) at least one polyols, and derivatives of the compounds containing Sul biological control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or phates, Sulphonates and phosphates. The presence of a yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, Surfactant is required if one of the active compounds or one botanicals and products produced by microorganisms of the inert carriers is insoluble in water and when the including proteins or secondary metabolites, particularly 10 application takes place in water. The proportion of Surfac (C8.1) Harpin, whereas a composition means a composition tants is between 5 and 40% by weight of the composition of the combination together with the above mentioned according to the invention. agriculturally suitable auxiliaries, solvents, carriers, Surfac It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, tants or extenders, in a form as Suitable for agrochemical for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, Prussian blue, and application. 15 organic dyes, such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes and metal According to the invention, carrier is to be understood as phthalocyanine dyes, and trace nutrients, such as salts of meaning a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic Sub iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and stance which is mixed or combined with the active com Zinc. pounds for better applicability, in particular for application If appropriate, other additional components may also be to plants or plant parts or seeds. The carrier, which may be present, for example protective colloids, binders, adhesives, solid or liquid, is generally inert and should be suitable for thickeners, thixotropic Substances, penetrants, stabilizers, use in agriculture. sequestering agents, complex formers. In general, the active Suitable solid or liquid carriers are: for example ammo compounds can be combined with any solid or liquid nium salts and natural ground minerals, such as kaolins, additive customarily used for formulation purposes. clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or 25 In general, the compositions according to the invention diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as comprise between 0.01 and 99% by weight, 0.05 and 98% finely divided silica, alumina and natural or synthetic sili by weight, preferable between 0.1 and 95% by weight, cates, resins, waxes, Solid fertilizers, water, alcohols, espe particularly preferred between 0.5 and 90% by weight of the cially butanol, organic solvents, mineral oils and vegetable active compound combination according to the invention, oils, and also derivatives thereof. It is also possible to use 30 very particularly preferable between 10 and 70% by weight. mixtures of such carriers. Solid carriers suitable for granules The active compound combinations or compositions are: for example crushed and fractionated natural minerals, according to the invention can be used as such or, depending Such as calcite, marble, pumice, Sepiolite, dolomite, and also on their respective physical or chemical properties, in the synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals and also form of their formulations or the use forms prepared there granules of organic material. Such as sawdust, coconut 35 from, Such as aerosols, capsule Suspensions, cold-fogging shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. concentrates, warm-fogging concentrates, encapsulated Suitable liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are liquids granules, fine granules, flowable concentrates for the treat which are gaseous at ambient temperature and under atmo ment of seed, ready-to-use solutions, dustable powders, spheric pressure, for example aerosol propellants. Such as emulsifiable concentrates, oil-in-water emulsions, water-in butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 40 oil emulsions, macrogranules, microgranules, oil-dispersible Tackifiers, such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural powders, oil-miscible flowable concentrates, oil-miscible and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules and liquids, foams, pastes, pesticide-coated seed, Suspension latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl concentrates, Suspoemulsion concentrates, Soluble concen acetate, or else natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and trates, Suspensions, wettable powders, soluble powders, lecithins and synthetic phospholipids can be used in the 45 dusts and granules, water-soluble granules or tablets, water formulations. Other possible additives are mineral and veg soluble powders for the treatment of seed, wettable powders, etable oils and waxes, optionally modified. natural products and synthetic Substances impregnated with If the extender used is water, it is also possible for active compound, and also microencapsulations in poly example, to use organic solvents as auxiliary solvents. meric Substances and in coating materials for seed, and also Suitable liquid solvents are essentially: aromatic com 50 ULV cold-fogging and warm-fogging formulations. pounds, such as Xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlo The formulations mentioned can be prepared in a manner rinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydro known perse, for example by mixing the active compounds carbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or or the active compound combinations with at least one methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclo additive. Suitable additives are all customary formulation hexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, min 55 auxiliaries, such as, for example, organic solvents, extend eral and vegetable oils, alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, ers, solvents or diluents, Solid carriers and fillers, Surfactants and also ethers and esters thereof, ketones, such as acetone, (such as adjuvants, emulsifiers, dispersants, protective col methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclo loids, wetting agents and tackifiers), dispersants or binders hexanone, strongly polar solvents, such as dimethylforma or fixatives, preservatives, dyes and pigments, defoamers, mide and dimethyl Sulphoxide, and also water. 60 inorganic and organic thickeners, water repellents, if appro The compositions according to the invention may com priate siccatives and UV stabilizers, gibberellins and also prise additional further components, such as, for example, water and further processing auxiliaries. Depending on the Surfactants. Suitable Surfactants are emulsifiers, dispersants formulation type to be prepared in each case, further pro or wetting agents having ionic or nonionic properties, or cessing steps such as, for example, wet grinding, dry grind mixtures of these surfactants. Examples of these are salts of 65 ing or granulation may be required. polyacrylic acid, salts of lignoSulphonic acid, salts of phe The compositions according to the invention do not only nolsulphonic acid or naphthalenesulphonic acid, polycon comprise ready-to-use compositions which can be applied US 9,433,214 B2 57 58 with suitable apparatus to the plant or the seed, but also emergence of the plants or which at least considerably commercial concentrates which have to be diluted with reduce additional application. It is furthermore desirable to water prior to use. optimize the amount of agrochemicals employed in Such a The active compound combinations according to the way as to provide maximum protection for the seed and the invention can be present in (commercial) formulations and germinating plant from attack by agricultural pests, but in the use forms prepared from these formulations as a without damaging the plant itself by the active compound mixture with other (known) active compounds, such as employed. In particular, methods for the treatment of seed insecticides, attractants, sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, should also take into consideration the intrinsic insecticidal nematicides, fungicides, growth regulators, herbicides, fer or fungicidal or nematicidal properties of plants in order to tilizers, Safeners and Semiochemicals. 10 achieve optimum protection of the seed and the germinating The treatment according to the invention of the plants and plant with a minimum of agrochemicals being employed. plant parts with the active compounds or compositions is The use or the method to use a compound (A) Fluopyram, carried out directly or by action on their Surroundings, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, habitat or storage space using customary treatment methods, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM for example by dipping, spraying, atomizing, irrigating, 15 I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq evaporating, dusting, fogging, broadcasting, foaming, paint uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis ing, spreading-on, watering (drenching), drip irrigating and, strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par in the case of propagation material, in particular in the case ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento of seeds, furthermore as a powder for dry seed treatment, a mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod solution for seed treatment, a water-soluble powder for ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or slurry treatment, by incrusting, by coating with one or more secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin simulta layers, etc. It is furthermore possible to apply the active neously or sequentially includes the following application compound combination by the ultra-low Volume method, or methods, namely both before mentioned components may to inject the active compound combination or the active be formulated into a single, stable composition with an compound combination itself into the soil. 25 agriculturally acceptable shelf life (so called “solo-formu Seed Treatment lation'), or being combined before or at the time of use (so Moreover the invention is directed to a method for called “combined-formulations'), protecting seeds comprising the step of simultaneously or The invention furthermore comprises a method for treat sequentially applying a compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) a ing seed. The invention furthermore relates to seed treated spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected 30 according to one of the methods described in the preceding from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCMI-1582, Bacil paragraphs. In the case of seed treatment, the treatment can lus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, be carried out by applying the compound (A) Fluopyram, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in particular selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopatho 35 I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliq genic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and products pro uefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis duced by microorganisms including proteins or secondary strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in par metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin on a seed or a plant ticular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento emerging from the seed. The method is further called “seed mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod treatment. 40 ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or Using compound (A) Fluopyram, (B) a spore-forming secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin as a solu bacterium of the genera Bacillus, selected from Bacillus tion, a powder (for dry seed treatment), a water-soluble firmus, Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, powder (for slurry seed treatment), or by incrusting, by Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus sub coating with one or more layers containing the compound tilis strain GB03, Bacillus subtilis strain QST713, and (C) a 45 (A) Fluopyram, (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera biological control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or Bacillus, selected from Bacillus firmus, Bacillus firmus yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, CNCM I-1582, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilis, Bacillus inoculants, botanicals and products produced by microor amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis strain GB03, Bacillus ganisms including proteins or secondary metabolites, par subtilis strain QST713, and (C) a biological control agent, in ticularly (C8.1) Harpin as a combination is particularly 50 particular bacteria, fungi or yeasts, protozoa, viruses, ento Suitable for treating seed. A large part of the damage to crop mopathogenic nematodes, inoculants, botanicals and prod plants caused by harmful agricultural insects, nematodes or ucts produced by microorganisms including proteins or phytopathogens is triggered by an infection of the seed secondary metabolites, particularly (C8.1) Harpin. during storage or after Sowing as well as during and after The active compound combinations or compositions germination of the plant. This phase is particularly critical 55 according to the invention are especially Suitable for treating since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particu seed. A large part of the damage to crop plants caused by larly sensitive, and even Small damage may result in a weak harmful organisms is triggered by an infection of the seed plant (unhealthy plant), reduced yield and even in the death during storage or after sowing as well as during and after of the plant. germination of the plant. This phase is particularly critical The control of insects, nematodes or phytopathogens by 60 since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particu treating the seed of plants has been known for a long time larly sensitive, and even Small damage may result in the and is the Subject of continuous improvements. However, death of the plant. Accordingly, there is great interest in the treatment of seed entails a series of problems which protecting the seed and the germinating plant by using cannot always be solved in a satisfactory manner. Thus, it is appropriate compositions. desirable to develop methods for protecting the seed and the 65 The control of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seed germinating plant which dispense with the additional appli of plants has been known for a long time and is the Subject cation of crop protection agents after sowing or after the of continuous improvements. However, the treatment of US 9,433,214 B2 59 60 seed entails a series of problems which cannot always be cane, Sorghum, tobacco, vegetables (such as tomatoes, Solved in a satisfactory manner. Thus, it is desirable to cucumbers, onions and lettuce), lawn and ornamental plants develop methods for protecting the seed and the germinating (also see below). plant which dispense with the additional application of crop As also described further below, the treatment of trans protection agents after sowing or after the emergence of the genic seed with the active compound combinations or com plants or which at least considerably reduce additional positions according to the invention is of particular impor application. It is furthermore desirable to optimize the tance. This refers to the seed of plants containing at least one amount of active compound combination employed in Such heterologous gene which allows the expression of a poly away as to provide maximum protection for the seed and the peptide or protein having insecticidal properties. The heter 10 ologous gene in transgenic seed can originate, for example, germinating plant from attack by insects, nematodes or from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, phytopathogens, but without damaging the plant itself by the Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter; Glomus active compound combination employed. In particular, or Gliocladium. Preferably, this heterologous gene is from methods for the treatment of seed should also take into Bacillus sp., the gene product having activity against the consideration the intrinsic fungicidal or insecticidal or nem 15 European corn borer or the Western corn rootworm. Par aticidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve ticularly preferably, the heterologous gene originates from optimum protection of the seed and the germinating plant Bacillus thuringiensis. with a minimum of crop protection agents being employed. In the context of the present invention, the active com Accordingly, the present invention also relates in particu pound combinations or compositions according to the inven lar to a method for protecting seed and germinating plants tion are applied on their own or in a suitable formulation to against attack by insects, nematodes or phytopathogens by the seed. Preferably, the seed is treated in a state in which it treating the seed with a composition according to the inven is Sufficiently stable so that the treatment does not cause any tion. The invention also relates to the use of the composi damage. In general, treatment of the seed may take place at tions according to the invention for treating seed for pro any point in time between harvesting and sowing. Usually, tecting the seed and the germinating plant against insects, 25 the seed used is separated from the plant and freed from nematodes or phytopathogens. Furthermore, the invention cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. relates to seed treated with a composition according to the Thus, it is possible to use, for example, seed which has been invention for protection against insects, nematodes or phy harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of less topathogens. than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use The control of insects, nematodes or phytopathogens 30 seed which, after drying, has been treated, for example, with which damage plants post-emergence is carried out primar water and then dried again. ily by treating the Soil and the above-ground parts of plants When treating the seed, care must generally be taken that with crop protection compositions. Owing to the concerns the amount of the composition according to the invention regarding a possible impact of the crop protection compo applied to the seed or the amount of further additives is 35 chosen in Such a way that the germination of the seed is not sition on the environment and the health of humans and adversely affected, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. animals, there are efforts to reduce the amount of active This must be borne in mind in particular in the case of active compound combination applied. compounds which may have phytotoxic effects at certain One of the advantages of the present invention is that, application rates. because of the particular systemic properties of the compo 40 The compositions according to the invention can be sitions according to the invention, treatment of the seed with applied directly, that is to say without comprising further these compositions not only protects the seed itself, but also components and without having been diluted. In general, it the resulting plants after emergence, from insects, nema is preferable to apply the compositions to the seed in the todes or phytopathogens. In this manner, the immediate form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly 45 methods for the treatment of seed are known to the person thereafter can be dispensed with. skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the It is also considered to be advantageous that the active following documents: U.S. Pat. No. 4,272,417, U.S. Pat. No. compound combinations or compositions according to the 4,245,432, U.S. Pat. No. 4,808,430, U.S. Pat. No. 5,876,739, invention can be used in particular also for transgenic seed US 2003/0176428 A1, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/ where the plant growing from this seed is capable of 50 O281.86. expressing a protein which acts against insects, nematodes The active compound combinations which can be used or phytopathogens. By treating Such seed with the active according to the invention can be converted into customary compound combinations or compositions according to the seed dressing formulations, such as Solutions, emulsions, invention, even by the expression of the, for example, Suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating mate insecticidal protein, certain insects, nematodes or phyto 55 rials for seed, and also ULV formulations. pathogens may be controlled. Surprisingly, a further syner These formulations are prepared in a known manner by gistic effect may be observed here, which additionally mixing the active compounds or active compound combi increases the effectiveness of the protection against attack by nations with customary additives, such as, for example, insects, nematodes or phytopathogens. customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, The compositions according to the invention are Suitable 60 wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers, preser for protecting seed of any plant variety employed in agri Vatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and culture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture or water as well. viticulture. In particular, this takes the form of seed of Suitable colorants that may be present in the seed dressing cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, millet, oats), formulations which can be used according to the invention maize (corn), cotton, Soya bean, rice, potatoes, Sunflowers, 65 include all colorants customary for Such purposes. Use may beans, coffee, beets (e.g. Sugar beets and fodder beets), be made both of pigments, of sparing solubility in water, and peanuts, oilseed rape, poppies, olives, coconuts, cacao, Sugar of dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples that may be US 9,433,214 B2 61 62 mentioned include the colorants known under the designa Suitable mixing equipment for treating seed with the seed tions Rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112, and C.I. Solvent dressing formulations which can be used according to the Red 1. invention or the preparations prepared from them by adding Suitable wetting agents that may be present in the seed water includes all mixing equipment which can commonly dressing formulations which can be used according to the be used for dressing. The specific procedure adopted when invention include all Substances which promote wetting and dressing comprises introducing the seed into a mixer, adding are customary in the formulation of active agrochemical the particular desired amount of seed dressing formulation, substances. With preference it is possible to use alkylnaph either as it is or following dilution with water beforehand, thalene-Sulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or diisobutylnaph and carrying out mixing until the formulation is uniformly thalene-Sulphonates. 10 distributed on the seed. Optionally, a drying operation follows. Suitable dispersants or emulsifiers that may be present in The active compounds or compositions according to the the seed dressing formulations which can be used according invention have strong bactericidal or fungicidal or insecti to the invention include all nonionic, anionic, and cationic cidal or nematicidal activity and can be used for controlling dispersants which are customary in the formulation of active 15 insects, nematodes or phytopathogens in crop protection and agrochemical Substances. With preference, it is possible to material protection. use nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic In crop protection, fungicides can be used for controlling or anionic dispersants. Particularly Suitable nonionic disper phytopathogens like Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, sants are ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block polymers, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomy alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, and tristyrylphenol polygly cetes and Deuteromycetes. col ethers, and their phosphated or sulphated derivatives. In crop protection, bactericides can be used for controlling Particularly Suitable anionic dispersants are lignoSulpho phytopathogens Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Entero nates, polyacrylic salts, and arylsulphonate-formaldehyde bacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae. condensates. The fungicidal or insecticidal or nematicidal composi Defoamers that may be present in the seed dressing 25 tions according to the invention can be used for the curative formulations to be used according to the invention indude all or protective control of insects, nematodes or phytopatho foam-inhibiting compounds which are customary in the gens. Accordingly, the invention also relates to curative and formulation of agrochemically active compounds. Prefer protective methods for controlling insects, nematodes or ence is given to using silicone defoamers, magnesium Stear phytopathogens using the active compound combinations or ate, silicone emulsions, long-chain alcohols, fatty acids and 30 compositions according to the invention, which are applied their salts and also organofluorine compounds and mixtures to the seed, the plant or plant parts, the fruit or the soil in thereof which the plants grow. Preference is given to application Preservatives that may be present in the seed dressing onto the plant or the plant parts, the fruits or the soil in which formulations to be used according to the invention include the plants grow. all compounds which can be used for Such purposes in 35 The compositions according to the invention for control agrochemical compositions. By way of example, mention ling insects, nematodes or phytopathogens in crop protection may be made of dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemifor comprise an active, but non-phytotoxic amount of the com mal. pounds according to the invention. “Active, but non-phyto Secondary thickeners that may be present in the seed toxic amount” shall mean an amount of the composition dressing formulations to be used according to the invention 40 according to the invention which is Sufficient to control or to include all compounds which can be used for Such purposes completely kill the plant disease caused by insects, nema in agrochemical compositions. Preference is given to cellu todes or phytopathogens, which amount at the same time lose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, polysaccharides, does not exhibit noteworthy symptoms of phytotoxicity. Such as Xanthan gum or Veegum, modified clays, phyllosili These application rates generally may be varied in a broader cates, such as attapulgite and bentonite, and also finely 45 range, which rate depends on several factors, e.g. the insects, divided silicic acids. nematodes or phytopathogens, the plant or crop, the climatic Suitable adhesives that may be present in the seed dress conditions and the ingredients of the composition according ing formulations to be used according to the invention to the invention. include all customary binders which can be used in seed The fact that the active compounds or active compound dressings. Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvi 50 combinations, at the concentrations required for the control nyl alcohol and tylose may be mentioned as being preferred. ling of plant diseases, are well tolerated by plants permits the Suitable gibberellins that may be present in the seed treatment of aerial plant parts, of vegetative propagation dressing formulations to be used according to the invention material and seed, and of the soil. are preferably the gibberellins A1, A3 (gibberellic acid), According to the invention, it is possible to treat all plants A4 and A7; particular preference is given to using gibber 55 and parts of plants. Plants are to be understood here as ellic acid. The gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Che meaning all plants and plant populations. Such as wanted and mie der Pflanzenschutz- and Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel' unwanted wild plants or crop plants (including naturally Chemistry of Crop Protection Agents and Pesticides,Vol. occurring crop plants). Crop plants can be plants which can 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, pp. 401-412). be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization The seed dressing formulations which can be used accord 60 methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering ing to the invention may be used directly or after dilution methods or combinations of these methods, including the with water beforehand to treat seed of any of a very wide transgenic plants and including plant cultivars which can or variety of types. The seed dressing formulations which can cannot be protected by plant variety protection rights. Parts be used according to the invention or their dilute prepara of plants are to be understood as meaning all above-ground tions may also be used to dress seed of transgenic plants. In 65 and below-ground parts and organs of the plants. Such as this context, synergistic effects may also arise in interaction shoot, leaf flower and root, examples which may be men with the substances formed by expression. tioned being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, fruit US 9,433,214 B2 63 64 bodies, fruits and seeds and also roots, tubers and rhizomes. ucts, higher Sugar concentration within the fruits, better Plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative storage stability or processability of the harvested products and generative propagation material, for example seedlings, are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to tubers, rhizomes, bulbs, cuttings and seeds. Preference is be expected. given to the treatment of the plants and the above-ground At certain application rates, the active compound combi and below-ground parts and organs of the plants, such as nations according to the invention may also have a strength shoot, leaf flower and root, examples which may be men ening effect in plants. Accordingly, they are also suitable for tioned being leaves, needles, stems, trunks, flowers, and mobilizing the defense system of the plant against attack by fruits. unwanted phytopathogenic fungi and/or microorganisms or The active compounds or active compound combinations 10 viruses. This may, if appropriate, be one of the reasons of the of the invention, in combination with good plant tolerance enhanced activity of the combinations according to the and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals and being invention, for example against fungi. Plant-strengthening tolerated well by the environment, are suitable for protecting (resistance-inducing) Substances are to be understood as plants and plant organs, for increasing the harvest yields, for meaning, in the present context, those substances or com improving the quality of the harvested material. They may 15 binations of Substances which are capable of stimulating the be preferably employed as crop protection agents. They are defense system of plants in Such a way that, when Subse active against normally sensitive and resistant species and quently inoculated with unwanted phytopathogenic fungi or against all or some stages of development. microorganisms or viruses, the treated plants display a As already mentioned above, it is possible to treat all Substantial degree of resistance to these phytopathogenic plants and their parts according to the invention. In a fungi or microorganisms or viruses, Thus, the Substances preferred embodiment, wild plant species and plant culti according to the invention can be employed for protecting vars, or those obtained by conventional biological breeding plants against attack by the abovementioned phytopathogens methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion, and parts within a certain period of time after the treatment. The thereof, are treated. In a further preferred embodiment, period of time within which protection is effected generally transgenic plants and plant cultivars obtained by genetic 25 extends from 1 to 10 days, preferably 1 to 7 days, after the engineering methods, if appropriate in combination with treatment of the plants with the active compounds or active conventional methods (genetically modified organisms), and compound combinations. parts thereof are treated. The terms “parts”, “parts of plants’ Plants and plant cultivars which are preferably to be and “plant parts” have been explained above. Particularly treated according to the invention include all plants which preferably, plants of the plant cultivars which are in each 30 have genetic material which impart particularly advanta case commercially available or in use are treated according geous, useful traits to these plants (whether obtained by to the invention. Plant cultivars are to be understood as breeding or biotechnological means). meaning plants having novel properties (“traits') which Plants and plant cultivars which are also preferably to be have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagen treated according to the invention are resistant against one or esis or by recombinant DNA techniques. These can be 35 more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense cultivars, bio- or genotypes. against animal and microbial pests, such as against nema The method of treatment according to the invention is todes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms viruses or viroids. (GMOs), e.g. plants or seeds. Genetically modified plants Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated (or transgenic plants) are plants of which a heterologous 40 according to the invention are those plants which are resis gene has been stably integrated into the genome. The tant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions expression "heterologous gene' essentially means a gene may include, for example, drought, cold temperature expo which is provided or assembled outside the plant and when Sure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil introduced in the nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozon exposure, high genome gives the transformed plant new or improved agro 45 light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, nomic or other properties by expressing a protein or poly limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoid peptide of interest or by down regulating or silencing other aCC. gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for example, Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated antisense technology, co-suppression technology or RNA according to the invention, are those plants characterized by interference—RNAi technology). A heterologous gene 50 enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants that is located in the genome is also called a transgene. A can be the result of for example, improved plant physiology, transgene that is defined by its particular location in the plant growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water genome is called a transformation or transgenic event. retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced car Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their bon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased ger location and growth conditions (soils, climate, vegetation 55 mination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield can period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture also result in super-additive (“synergistic) effects. Thus, for (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not example, reduced application rates or a widening of the limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed activity spectrum or an increase in the activity of the active production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and compound combinations and compositions which can be 60 distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or used according to the invention, better plant growth, ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits increased flowering performance, easier harvesting, accel include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content, erated maturation, higher harvest yields, bigger fruits, larger 65 protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional plant height, greener leaf color, earlier flowering, higher value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved quality or a higher nutritional value of the harvested prod processability and better storage stability. US 9,433,214 B2 65 66 Plants that may be treated according to the invention are Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of made tolerant to the herbicides inhibiting the enzyme heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD). Hydroxyphe yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic nylpyruvatedioxygenases are enzymes that catalyze the stress factors. Such plants are typically made by crossing an reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPP) is inbred male-sterile parent line (the female parent) with transformed into homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD another inbred male-fertile parent line (the male parent). inhibitors can be transformed with a gene encoding a Hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile naturally-occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene plants and sold to growers. Male sterile plants can some encoding a mutated HPPD enzyme. Tolerance to HPPD times (e.g. in corn) be produced by detasseling, ie the 10 inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming plants with mechanical removal of the male reproductive organs (or genes encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation of males flowers) but, more typically, malesterility is the result homogentisate despite the inhibition of the native HPPD of genetic determinants in the plant genome. In that case, enzyme by the HPPD-inhibitor. Tolerance of plants to HPPD and especially when seed is the desired product to be inhibitors can also be improved by transforming plants with harvested from the hybrid plants it is typically useful to 15 a gene encoding an enzyme prephenate dehydrogenase in ensure that male fertility in the hybrid plants is fully addition to a gene encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme. restored. This can be accomplished by ensuring that the male Still further herbicide resistant plants are plants that are parents have appropriate fertility restorer genes which are made tolerant to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors. capable of restoring the male fertility in hybrid plants that Known ALS-inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea, contain the genetic determinants responsible for male-ste imidazolinone, triazolopyrimidines, pyrimidinyoxy (thio) rility. Genetic determinants for male sterility may be located benzoates, or sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone herbi in the cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility cides. Different mutations in the ALS enzyme (also known (CMS) were for instance described in Brassica species. as acetohydroxyacid synthase. AHAS) are known to confer However, genetic determinants for male sterility can also be tolerance to different herbicides and groups of herbicides. located in the nuclear genome. Male sterile plants can also 25 The production of Sulfonylurea-tolerant plants and imida be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as genetic Zolinone-tolerant plants is described in WO 1996/033270. engineering. A particularly useful means of obtaining male Other imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described. Fur sterile plants is described in WO 89/10396 in which, for ther Sulfonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also example, a ribonuclease such as barnase is selectively described in for example WO 2007/024782. expressed in the tapetum cells in the stamens. Fertility can 30 Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone or sulfonylurea can then be restored by expression in the tapetum cells of a be obtained by induced mutagenesis, selection in cell cul ribonuclease inhibitor such as barstar. tures in the presence of the herbicide or mutation breeding Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology as described for example for soybeans, for rice, for Sugar methods such as genetic engineering) which may be treated beet, for lettuce, or for sunflower. according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e. 35 Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology plants made tolerant to one or more given herbicides. Such methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be plants can be obtained either by genetic transformation, or treated according to the invention are insect-resistant trans by selection of plants containing a mutation imparting Such genic plants, i.e. plants made resistant to attack by certain herbicide tolerance. target insects. Such plants can be obtained by genetic Herbicide-tolerant plants are for example glyphosate 40 transformation, or by selection of plants containing a muta tolerant plants, i.e. plants made tolerant to the herbicide tion imparting Such insect resistance. glyphosate or salts thereof. Plants can be made tolerant to An “insect-resistant transgenic plant, as used herein, glyphosate through different means. For example, glypho includes any plant containing at least one transgene com sate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the prising a coding sequence encoding. plant with a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshi 45 1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringi kimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of such ensis or an insecticidal portion thereof. Such as the insecti EPSPS genes are the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the cidal crystal proteins listed online at: http://www.lifesci.sus bacterium Salmonella typhimurium, the CP4 gene of the sex.ac.uk/Home/Neil Crickmore/Bt/, O insecticidal bacterium Agrobacterium sp., the genes encoding a Petunia portions thereof, e.g., proteins of the Cry protein classes EPSPS, a Tomato EPSPS, or an Eleusine EPSPS. It can also 50 Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa, or Cry3Bb or be a mutated EPSPS. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also be insecticidal portions thereof; or obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate 2) a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a oxidoreductase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also portion thereof which is insecticidal in the presence of a be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate second other crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a acetyl transferase enzyme. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can 55 portion thereof. Such as the binary toxin made up of the also be obtained by selecting plants containing naturally Cry34 and Cry35 crystal proteins; or occurring mutations of the above-mentioned genes. 3) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of dif Other herbicide resistant plants are for example plants that ferent insecticidal crystal proteins from Bacillus thuringi are made tolerant to herbicides inhibiting the enzyme glu ensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid tamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or 60 of the proteins of 2) above, e.g., the Cry1A.105 protein glufosinate. Such plants can be obtained by expressing an produced by corn event MON98034 (WO 2007/027777); or enzyme detoxifying the herbicide or a mutant glutamine 4) a protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein some, synthase enzyme that is resistant to inhibition. One Such particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by efficient detoxifying enzyme is an enzyme encoding a phos another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to phinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein 65 a target insect species, or to expand the range of target insect from Streptomyces species). Plants expressing an exogenous species affected, or because of changes introduced into the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are also described. encoding DNA during doning or transformation, such as the US 9,433,214 B2 67 68 Cry3Bb1 protein in corn events MON863 or MON88017, or starch grain size or the starch grain morphology, is changed the Cry3A protein in corn event MIR604; in comparison with the synthesised starch in wild type plant 5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringi cells or plants, so that this is better suited for special ensis or Bacillus cereus, or an insecticidal portion thereof, applications. such as the vegetative insecticidal (VIP) proteins listed at: 2) transgenic plants which synthesize non starch carbo http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil Crickmore/Bt/ hydrate polymers or which synthesize non starch carbohy Vip.html, e.g. proteins from the VIP3Aa protein class; or drate polymers with altered properties in comparison to wild 6) secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus type plants without genetic modification. Examples are cereus which is insecticidal in the presence of a second plants producing polyfructose, especially of the inulin and secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, 10 levan-type, plants producing alpha 1.4 glucans, plants pro such as the binary toxin made up of the VIP1A and VIP2A ducing alpha-1,6 branched alpha-1,4-glucans, plants pro proteins; or ducing alternan, 7) hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts from dif 3) transgenic plants which produce hyaluronan. ferent secreted proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacil Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant lus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above or a 15 biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which hybrid of the proteins in 2) above; or may also be treated according to the invention are plants, 8) protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein some, such as cotton plants, with altered fiber characteristics. Such particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have been replaced by plants can be obtained by genetic transformation or by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to selection of plants contain a mutation imparting Such altered a target insect species, or to expand the range of target insect fiber characteristics and include: species affected, or because of changes introduced into the a) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still of cellulose synthase genes, encoding an insecticidal protein). Such as the VIP3Aa pro b) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form tein in cotton event COT102. of rSW2 or rSW3 homologous nucleic acids, Of course, an insect-resistant transgenic plant, as used 25 c) Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression herein, also includes any plant comprising a combination of of Sucrose phosphate synthase, genes encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes d) Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression 1 to 8. In one embodiment, an insect-resistant plant contains of Sucrose synthase, more than one transgene encoding a protein of any one of the e) Plants, such as cotton plants, wherein the timing of the above classes 1 to 8, to expand the range of target insect 30 plasmodesmatal gating at the basis of the fiber cell is altered, species affected when using different proteins directed at e.g. through downregulation of fiberselective B 1.3-gluca different target insect species, or to delay insect resistance hase, development to the plants by using different proteins insec f) Plants, such as cotton plants, having fibers with altered ticidal to the same target insect species but having a different reactivity, e.g. through the expression of N-acteylglu mode of action, Such as binding to different receptor binding 35 cosaminetransferase gene including nodC and chitinsyn sites in the insect. thase genes. Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be biotechnology methods such as genetic engineering) which treated according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic may also be treated according to the invention are plants, stresses. Such plants can be obtained by genetic transfor 40 Such as oilseed rape or related Brassica plants, with altered mation, or by selection of plants containing a mutation oil profile characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by imparting such stress resistance. Particularly useful stress genetic transformation or by selection of plants contain a tolerance plants include: mutation imparting Such altered oil characteristics and a. plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing include: the expression or the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)poly 45 a) Plants, such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having merase (PARP) gene in the plant cells or plants a high oleic acid content, b. plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing b) Plants such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having transgene capable of reducing the expression or the activity a low linolenic acid content, of the PARG encoding genes of the plants or plants cells. c) Plant such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having c. plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing 50 a low level of saturated fatty acids. transgene coding for a plant-functional enzyme of the nico Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated tinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage synthesis pathway according to the invention are plants which comprise one or including nicotinamidase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltrans more genes which encode one or more toxins, such as the ferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase, following which are sold under the trade names YIELD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase or nicotine 55 GARDR) (for example maize, cotton, soya beans), Knock amide phosphorybosyltransferase. Out(R) (for example maize), BiteGard(R) (for example maize), Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology Bt-Xtra.R. (for example maize), StarLink(R) (for example methods such as genetic engineering) which may also be maize), Bollgard(R) (cotton), Nucotnir (cotton), Nucotn treated according to the invention show altered quantity, 33B(R(cotton), NatureGard(R) (for example maize), Pro quality or storage-stability of the harvested product or 60 tectaR) and NewLeafR (potato). Examples of herbicide altered properties of specific ingredients of the harvested tolerant plants which may be mentioned are maize varieties, product Such as: cotton varieties and Soya bean varieties which are sold under 1) transgenic plants which synthesize a modified Starch, the trade names Roundup Ready R (tolerance to glyphosate, which in its physical-chemical characteristics, in particular for example maize, cotton, soya bean), Liberty Link R. the amylose content or the amylosefamylopectin ratio, the 65 (tolerance to phosphinotricin, for example oilseed rape), degree of branching, the average chain length, the side chain IMIR (tolerance to imidazolinones) and STS(R) (tolerance to distribution, the viscosity behaviour, the gelling strength, the Sulphonylureas, for example maize). Herbicide-resistant US 9,433,214 B2 69 70 plants (plants bred in a conventional manner for herbicide 044140); Event GA21 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited tolerance) which may be mentioned include the varieties as ATCC 209033, described in US2005086719 or WO 1998/ sold under the name Clearfield(R) (for example maize). 044140); Event GG25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated as ATCC 209032, described in US2005188434 or WO according to the invention are plants containing transforma 1998/044140); Event GHB119 (cotton, insect control tion events, or a combination of transformation events, and herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, that are listed for example in the databases for various described in WO2008/151780); Event GHB614 (cotton, national or regional regulatory agencies including Event herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, 1143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in described in US2010050282 or WO2007/017186); Event WO2006/128569); Event 1143-51B (cotton, insect control, 10 GJ11 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, not deposited, described in WO2006/128570): Event 1445 described in US2005188434 or WO 1998/044140); Event (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in GM RZ13 (sugar beet, virus resistance, deposited as US2002120964 or WO2002/034946); Event 17053 (rice, NCIMB-41601, described in WO2010/076212); Event H7-1 herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 WO2010/117737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, 15 or NCIMB 41159, described in US2004172669 or WO2004/ deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO2010/117735); 074492); Event JOPLIN1 (wheat, disease tolerance, not Event 281-24-236 (cotton, insect control herbicide toler deposited, described in US2008064032): Event LL27 (soy ance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in WO2005/103266 bean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, or US2005216969): Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect con described in WO2006/108674 or US2008320616); Event trol herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB in US2007 143876 or WO2005/103266): Event 3272 (corn, 41660, described in WO2006/108675 or US2008196127); quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in Event LLcotton25 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as WO2006098952 or US2006230473); Event 40416 (corn, ATCC PTA-3343, described in WO2003.013224 or insect control herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC US2003097.687); Event LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide toler PTA-11508, described in WO2011/075593); Event 43A47 25 ance, deposited as ATCC23352, described in U.S. Pat. No. (corn, insect control—herbicide tolerance, deposited as 6,468,747 or WO2000/026345): Event LLRICE601 (rice, ATCC PTA11509, described in WO2011/075595): Event herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600, 5307 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-9561, described in US20082289060 or WO2000/026356); Event described in WO2010/077816); Event ASR-368 (bent grass, LY038 (corn, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA4816, described 30 described in US2007028322 or WO2005061720); Event in US2006162007 or WO2004053062): Event B16 (corn, MIR162 (corn, insect control, deposited as PTA-8166, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in described in US20093.00784 or WO2007/142840); Event US2003126634); Event BPS-CV127-9 (soybean, herbicide MIR604 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in tolerance, deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in US2008167456 or WO2005103301); Event MON15985 WO2010/080829): Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, 35 (cotton, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in US20092.17423 described in US2004-250317 or WO2002/100163): Event or WO2006/128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect con MON810 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in trol, not deposited, described in US2010.0024077); Event US2002102582); Event MON863 (corn, insect control, CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in WO2004/ in WO2006/128571): Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect con 40 011601 or US2006095986); Event MON87427 (corn, pol trol, not deposited, described in WO2006/128572): Event lination control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7899, described in COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO2011/062904); Event MON87460 (corn, stress toler US2006130175 or WO2004039986); Event COT202 (cot ance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in WO2009/ ton, insect control, not deposited, described in 111263 or US2011 0138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, US2007067868 or WO2005054479); Event COT203 (cot 45 insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-8194, described in ton, insect control, not deposited, described in WO2005/ US2009130071 or WO2009/064652); Event MON87705 054480); Event DAS40278 (corn, herbicide tolerance, (soybean, quality trait—herbicide tolerance, deposited as deposited as ATCC PTA-10244, described in WO2011/ ATCC PTA-9241, described in US20100080887 or 022469): Event DAS-59122-7 (corn, insect control herbi WO2010/037016); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide cide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA 11384, described in 50 tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA9670, described in US2006070139): Event DAS-59132 (corn, insect control WO2011/034704): Event MON87754 (soybean, quality herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in WO2009/ trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in WO2010/ 100188); Event DAS68416 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, 024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trait, depos deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO2011/ ited as ATCC PTA-8911, described in US20110067141 or 0.66384 or WO2011/066360): Event DP-098140-6 (corn, 55 WO2009/102873); Event MON88017 (corn, insect con herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, trol herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in US2009137395 or WO2008/112019); Event described in US20080284.82 or WO2005/059103): Event DP-305423-1 (soybean, quality trait, not deposited, MON88913 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC described in US20083.12082 or WO2008/054747); Event PTA-4854, described in WO2004/072235 O DP-32138-1 (corn, hybridization system, deposited as 60 US2006059590); Event MON89034 (corn, insect control, ATCC PTA-9158, described in US20090210970 or deposited as ATCC PTA-7455, described in WO2007/ WO2009/103049): Event DP-356043-5 (soybean, herbicide 140256 or US2008260932); Event MON89788 (soybean, tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, US20100184079 or WO2008/002872); Event EE-1 (brinjal, described in US2006282915 or WO2006/130436): Event insect control, not deposited, described in WO2007/ 65 MS11 (oilseed rape, pollination control herbicide toler 0.91277); Event FI117 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited ance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA-2485, described as ATCC 209031, described in US2006059581 or WO 1998/ in WO2001/031042): Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination US 9,433,214 B2 71 72 control herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in described in WO2001/041558 or US2003188347); Event US2005039226 or WO2004/099447); Event VIP1034 (corn, NK603 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA insect control herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 2478, described in US2007-292854); Event PE-7 (rice, PTA-3925, described in WO2003/052073), Event 32316 inst controll, deposited described in WO2008 5 (corn,.307"E. insect control-herbicide W.S.S.S.E.", tolerance, deposited as PTA 114282); Event RF3 (oilseed rape, pollination control— insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11506, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described described in WO2011/084621). in WO2OO1f0415s 8 or US2003188347); Event RT73 (oil- Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated seed rape, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in to according to the invention are plants containing transforma WO2OO2/036831 or US2008070260); Event T227-1 (sugar tion events, or combination of transformation events, that beet, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in are listed for example in the databases from various national WO2002/44407 or US2009265817); Event T25 (corn, her- or regional regulatory agencies (see for example http:// bicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US2001 029014 gmoinfo jrc.it/gmp browse.aspx and http://www.agbios. or WO2001/051654). Event T304-40 (cotton, insect con- is com/dbase.php). trol herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171, Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated described in US2010077501 or WO2008/122406); Event according to the invention are plants containing transforma T342-142 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in tion events, or combination of transformation events, are WO2006/128568); Event TC1507 (corn, insect control- listed in table A TABLE A Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-1 ASR368 Scotts Glyphosate tolerance derived by inserting a modified 5- Agrostis US Seeds enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) Stoionifera 2006162007 encoding gene from Agrobacterium timefaciens, parent line Creeping Bentgrass B99061 A-2 GMRZ13 Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (BNYVV) resistance Beta vulgaris WO (Sugar beet) 10,076212 A-3 H7-1 Monsanto Glyphosate herbicide tolerant sugar beet produced by Beta vulgaris WO Company inserting a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate- (Sugar beet) O4f074492 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium timefaciens A-4 T120-7 Bayer Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Beta vulgaris CropScience gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil (Sugar beet) (Aventis bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, CropScience causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is (AgrEvo)) inactive. A-5 GTSB77 Novartis Glyphosate herbicide tolerant sugar beet produced by Beta vulgaris Seeds: inserting a gene encoding the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate- (Sugar beet) Monsanto 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Company Agrobacterium timefaciens. A-6 T227-1 Glyphosate tolerance Beta vulgaris US (Sugar beet) 2004117870 A-7 23-18-17, Monsanto High laurate (12:0) and myristate (14:0) canola produced by Brassica naptis 23-198 Company inserting a thioesterase encoding gene from the California (Argentine Canola) (formerly bay laurel (Umbellularia Californica). Calgene) A-8 45A37, Pioneer High oleic acid and low linolenic acid canola produced Brassica naptis 46A40 Hi-Bred through a combination of chemical mutagenesis to select for (Argentine Canola) International a fatty acid desaturase mutant with elevated oleic acid, and Inc. traditional back-crossing to introduce the low linolenic acid trait. A-9 46A12, Pioneer Combination of chemical mutagenesis, to achieve the high Brassica naptis 46A16 Hi-Bred oleic acid trait, and traditional breeding with registered (Argentine Canola) International canola varieties. Inc. A-10 GT2OO Monsanto Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola produced by inserting Brassica naptis Company genes encoding the enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3- (Argentine Canola) phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium timefaciens and glyphosate oxidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi. A-11 GT73, Monsanto Glyphosate herbicide tolerant canola produced by inserting Brassica naptis RT73 Company genes encoding the enzymes 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3- (Argentine Canola) phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium timefaciens and glyphosate oxidase from Ochrobactrum anthropi. A-12 HCN10 Aventis Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Brassica naptis CropScience gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil (Argentine Canola) bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is inactive. A-13 HCN92 Bayer Introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Brassica naptis CropScience gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil (Argentine Canola) (Aventis bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, CropScience causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is (AgrEvo)) inactive. US 9,433,214 B2 73 74 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-14 Aventis Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination control Brassica naptis CropScience system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS lines (Argentine Canola) (formerly contained the barnase gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens, RF Plant Genetic lines contained the barstar gene from the same bacteria, and Systems) both lines contained the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicnis. A-15 Aventis Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination control Brassica naptis CropScience system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS lines (Argentine Canola) (formerly contained the barnase gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens, RF Plant Genetic lines contained the barstar gene from the same bacteria, and Systems) both lines contained the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicnis. A-16 MS8 x RF3 Bayer Male-sterility, fertility restoration, pollination control Brassica naptis CropScience system displaying glufosinate herbicide tolerance. MS lines (Argentine Canola) (Aventis contained the barnase gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens, RF CropScience lines contained the barstar gene from the same bacteria, and (AgrEvo)) both lines contained the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicnis. A-17 MS-B2 Male sterility Brassica naptis WO (Argentine Canola) O1,31042 A-18 MS-BN1. Male sterility/restoration Brassica naptis WO RF-BN1 (Argentine Canola) O1,41558 A-19 NS738, Pioneer Selection of Somaclonal variants with altered acetolactate Brassica naptis NS1471, Hi-Bred synthase (ALS) enzymes, following chemical mutagenesis. (Argentine Canola) NS1473 International Two lines (P1, P2) were initially selected with modifications Inc. at different unlinked loci. NST38 contains the P2 mutation only. A-20 OXY-235 Aventis Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil and ioxynil by Brassica naptis CropScience incorporation of the nitrilase gene from Klebsiella (Argentine Canola) (formerly pneumoniae. Rhone Poulenc Inc.) A-21 PHY14, Aventis Male sterility was via insertion of the barnase ribonuclease Brassica naptis PHY35 CropScience gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens; fertility restoration by (Argentine Canola) (formerly insertion of the barstar RNase inhibitor; PPT resistance was Plant Genetic via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces Systems) hygroscopicus. A-22 PHY36 Aventis Male sterility was via insertion of the barnase ribonuclease Brassica naptis CropScience gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens; fertility restoration by (Argentine Canola) (formerly insertion of the barstar RNase inhibitor; PPT resistance was Plant Genetic via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces Systems) hygroscopicus. A-23 RT73 Glyphosate resistance Brassica naptis WO (Argentine Canola) O2 6831 A-24 T45 Bayer introduction of the PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding Brassica naptis (HCN28) CropScience gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes, an aerobic soil (Argentine Canola) (Aventis bacteria. PPT normally acts to inhibit glutamine synthetase, CropScience causing a fatal accumulation of ammonia. Acetylated PPT is (AgrEvo)) inactive. A-25 HCR-1 Bayer introduction of the glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerance Brassica rapa CropScience trait from transgenic B. naptis line T45. This trait is (Polish Canola) (Aventis mediated by the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) CropScience encoding gene from S. viridochromogenes. (AgrEvo)) A-26 ZSRSOO, SO2 Monsanto introduction of a modified 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3- Brassica rapa Company phosphate synthase (EPSPS) and a gene from Achromobacter (Polish Canola) sp that degrades glyphosate by conversion to aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) and glyoxylate by inter specific crossing with GT73. A-27 EE-1 insect resistance (Cry1Ac) Brinjal WO 07/091277 A-28 SS-1, 63-1 Cornell Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) resistant papaya produced by Carica papaya University inserting the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from this (Papaya) plant potyvirus. A-29 X17-2 University Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) resistant papaya produced by Carica papaya of Florida inserting the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from (Papaya) PRSV isolate H1K with a thymidine inserted after the initiation codon to yield a frameshift. Also contains inptI as a selectable marker. A-30 RM3-3, Bejo Male sterility was via insertion of the barnase ribonuclease Cichorium intybus RM3-4, Zaden BW gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens; PPT resistance was (Chicory) RM3-6 via the bar gene from S. hygroscopicals, which encodes the PAT enzyme. A-32 Agritope Reduced accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and Cucumis meio Inc. consequently reduced ethylene synthesis, by introduction of (Melon) the gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase. US 9,433,214 B2 75 76 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-33 CZW-3 Asgrow Cucumber mosiac virus (CMV), Zucchini yellows mosaic Cucurbita pepo (USA); (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) 2 resistant (Squash) Seminis Squash (Circurbita pepo) produced by inserting the coat Vegetable protein (CP) encoding sequences from each of these plant Inc. viruses into the host genome. (Canada) A-34 ZW2O Upjohn Zucchini yellows mosaic (ZYMV) and watermelon mosaic Cucurbita pepo (USA); virus (WMV) 2 resistant squash (Curcurbita pepo) produced (Squash) Seminis by inserting the coat protein (CP) encoding sequences from Vegetable each of these plant potyviruses into the host genome. Inc. (Canada) A-35 66 Florigene Delayed senescence and sulfonylurea herbicide tolerant Dianthus Pty Ltd. carnations produced by inserting a truncated copy of the caryophyllius carnation aminocyclopropane cyclase (ACC) synthase encoding (Carnation) gene in order to suppress expression of the endogenous un modified gene, which is required for normal ethylene biosynthesis. Tolerance to Sulfonyl urea herbicides was via the introduction of a chlorsulfuron tolerant version of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) encoding gene from tobacco. A-36 4, 11, Florigene Modified colour and sulfonylurea herbicide tolerant Dianthus 15, 16 Pty Ltd. carnations produced by inserting two anthocyanin caryophyllius biosynthetic genes whose expression results in a violet (Carnation) mauve colouration. Tolerance to Sulfonyl urea herbicides was via the introduction of a chlorsulfuron tolerant version of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) encoding gene from tobacco. A-37 959A, 988A, Florigene Introduction of two anthocyanin biosynthetic genes to result Dianthus 1226A, Pty Ltd. in a violet/mauve colouration; Introduction of a variant form caryophyllius 1351A, of acetolactate synthase (ALS). (Carnation) 1363 A, 1400A A-38 356O4.3.5 Glyphosate/ALS inhibitor-tolerance Glycine max WO L. (Soybean) 08/002872, US 2010 184079 A-39 A2704-12, Bayer Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced Glycine max WO A2704-21 CropScience by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase L. (Soybean) O6.108674 (Aventis (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces CropScience viridochromogenes (AgrEvo)) A-40 ASS47-127 Bayer Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced Glycine max CropScience by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase L. (Soybean) (Aventis (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces CropScience viridochromogenes. (AgrEvo)) A-41 ASS47-35 Bayer Glufosinate tolerance Glycine max WO CropScience L. (Soybean) O6.108675 (Aventis CropScience (AgrEvo)) A-42 DP-3 OS423-1 Pioneer High oleic acid/ALS inhibitor tolerance; Glycine max WO Hi-Bred L. (Soybean) O8,054747 International Inc. A-43 DP356O43 Pioneer Soybean event with two herbicide tolerance genes: glyphosate Glycine max Hi-Bred N-acetlytransferase, which detoxifies glyphosate, and a L. (Soybean) International modified acetolactate synthase (A Inc. A-44. G94-1, DuPont High oleic acid soybean produced by inserting a second copy Glycine max G94-19, Canada of the fatty acid desaturase (GmFad2-1) encoding gene from L. (Soybean) G168 Agricultural Soybean, which resulted in 'silencing of the endogenous Products host gene. A-45 GTS 40-3-2 Monsanto Glyphosate tolerant soybean variety produced by inserting a Glycine max Company modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase L. (Soybean) (EPSPS) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Agrobacterium timefaciens. A-46 GU262 Bayer Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced Glycine max CropScience by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase L. (Soybean) (Aventis (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces CropScience viridochromogenes. (AgrEvo)) A-47 MON877O1 Monsanto insect resistance (CryIac) Glycine max WO Company L. (Soybean) 09.064652 A-48 MON87705 Monsanto altered fatty acid levels (mid-oleic and low saturate) Glycine max WO Company L. (Soybean) 10,037016 A-49 MON87754 Monsanto increased oil content; Glycine max WO Company L. (Soybean) 10,024976 US 9,433,214 B2 77 78 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-50 MON87769 Monsanto Stearidonic acid (SDA) comprising oil; Glycine max WO Company L. (Soybean) 09:102873 A-51 MON89788 Monsanto Glyphosate-tolerant soybean produced by inserting a Glycine max WO Company modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase L. (Soybean) O6.130436 (EPSPS) encoding aroA (epsps) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP4; A-52 MON 19788 Monsanto Glyphosate-tolerant soybean produced by inserting a Glycine max WO Company modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase L. (Soybean) O6.130437 (EPSPS) encoding aroA (epsps) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens CP4; A-53 OT96-15 Agriculture Low linolenic acid soybean produced through traditional Glycine max & Agri cross-breeding to incorporate the novel trait from a L. (Soybean) Food naturally occurring fan1 gene mutant that was selected Canada or low linolenic acid. A-54 Bayer Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant soybean produced Glycine max CropScience by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase L. (Soybean) (Aventis (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces CropScience hygroscopicus. (AgrEvo)) A-SS 15985 Monsanto insect resistant cotton derived by transformation of the Gossypium Company DP5OB parent variety, which contained event 531 (expressing hirsutum Cry1Ac protein), with purified plasmid DNA containing L. (Cotton) he cry2Ab gene from B. thiringiensis Subsp. iiirstaki. A-56 1143-14A insect resistance (Cry1Ab) WO O6,128569

A-57 1143-51B insect resistance (Cry1Ab) WO O6,128570

A-58 19-51A DuPont introduction of a variant form of acetolactate synthase Canada (ALS). Agricultural Products A-59 281-24-236 DOW insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the cry1F gene AgroSciences rom Bacillus thuringiensis var, aizawai. The PAT encoding LLC gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes was introduced as a selectable marker. A-60 3OO6 DOW insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the cry1Ac gene 210-23 AgroSciences rom Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. kunstaki. The PAT encoding LLC gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes was introduced as a selectable marker. A-61 31807, Calgene Inc. insect-resistant and bromoxynil herbicide tolerant cotton 3.1808 produced by inserting the cry1Ac gene from Bacilius thiringiensis and a nitrilase encoding gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae. A-62 Calgene Inc. Bromoxynil herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting a nitrilase encoding gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae. A-63 CE43-67B insect resistance (Cry1Ab) WO 06/128573, US 2011 O2O828 A-64 insect resistance (Cry1Ab) WO O6,128571

A-65 CE46-02A insect resistance (Cry1Ab) WO O6,128572

A-66 Cot102 Syngenta insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the vip3A(a) US Seeds, Inc. gene from Bacillus thuringiensis AB88. The APH4 encoding 2006130175, gene from E. coli was introduced as a selectable marker. WO 04/039986, US 2010298SS3 A-67 COT2O2 Syngenta Insect resistance (VIP3A) Gossypium US Seeds, Inc. hirsutum 2009181399 L. (Cotton) A-68 Syngenta Insect resistance (VIP3) Gossypium US Seeds, Inc. hirsutum 2007O6.7868 L. (Cotton) A-69 Syngenta Insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting a full-length Gossypium Seeds, Inc. cry1Ab gene from Bacilius thuringiensis. The APH4 encoding hirsutum gene from E. coli was introduced as a selectable marker. L. (Cotton) A-70 DAS DOW WideStrike TM, a stacked insect-resistant cotton derived from Gossypium 21223 AgroSciences conventional cross-breeding of parental lines 3006-210-23 hirsutum 5 x DAS LLC (OECD identifier: DAS-21023-5) and 281–24–236 (OECD L. (Cotton) 24236-5 identifier: DAS-24236-5). US 9,433,214 B2 79 80 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-71 DAS DOW Stacked insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant cotton Gossypium 21223 AgroSciences derived from conventional cross-breeding of WideStrike cotton hirsutum 5 x DAS LLC and (OECD identifier: DAS-21023-5 x DAS-24236-5) with L. (Cotton) 24236-5 x Pioneer MON88913, known as RoundupReady Flex (OECD identifier: MON88913 Hi-Bred MON-88913-8). International Inc. A-72 DAS DOW WideStrike TM/Roundup Ready (R) cotton, a stacked insect Gossypium 21223 AgroSciences resistant and glyphosate-tolerant cotton derived from hirsutum 5 x DAS LLC conventional cross-breeding of WideStrike cotton (OECD L. (Cotton) 24236-5 x identifier: DAS-21023-5 x DAS-24236-5) with MON1445 MON (OECD identifier: MON-O1445-2). 0.1445-2 A-73 EE-GH3 Glyphosate tolerance Gossypium WO hirsutum O7 O17186 L. (Cotton) A-74 EE-GHS Insect resistance (Cry1Ab) Gossypium WO 08/122406

A-75 Insect resistance (cry2Ae) WO 08/151780, US 2010218281 A-76 event 281 Insect resistance (Cry1F) WO 24-236 OS 103266

A-77 Event-1 JKAgri Insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the cry1Ac gene Genetics Ltd from Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. kunstaki HD-73 (B.t.k.). (India) A-78 event3OO6 Insect resistance (Cry1Ac) WO 210-23 OS 103266

A-79 Bayer Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting CropScience 2mepsps gene into variety Coker312 by Agrobacterium under (Aventis the control of Ph4a748At and TPotpC CropScience (AgrEvo)) LLCotton25 Bayer Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant cotton produced Gossypium CropScience by inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase hirsutum (Aventis (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces L. (Cotton) CropScience hygroscopicus: WO 2003 013224, WO 2007/017186 (AgrEvo)) A-81 LLCotton25 x Bayer Stacked herbicide tolerant and insect resistant cotton Gossypium MON15985 CropScience combining tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide from hirsutum (Aventis LLCotton25 (OECD identifier: ACS-GHOO1-3) with resistance L. (Cotton) CropScience to insects from MON15985 (OECD identifier: (AgrEvo)) MON-15985-7) A-82 MON 15985 Insect resistance (Cry1A/Cry2Ab) Gossypium US hirsutum 20042SO317 L. (Cotton) A-83 MON 1445, Monsanto Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting a Gossypium 1698 Company naturally glyphosate tolerant form of the enzyme 5 hirsutum enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from L. (Cotton) A. tumefaciens strain CP4. A-84 MON15985 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and glyphosate tolerant cotton Gossypium MON88913 Company produced by conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines hirsutum MON88913 (OECD identifier: MON-88913-8) and 15985 L. (Cotton) (OECD identifier: MON-15985-7). Glyphosate tolerance is derived from MON88913 which contains two genes encoding he enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. insect resistance is derived MON15985 which was produced by transformation of the DP5OB parent variety, which contained event 531 (expressing Cry1Ac protein), with purified plasmid DNA containing the cry2Ab gene rom B. thiringiensis Subsp. ikurSiaki. A-85 MON Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant cotton derived Gossypium 15985-7 x Company rom conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines 15985 hirsutum MON (OECD identifier: MON-15985-7) and MON1445 (OECD L. (Cotton) 0.1445-2 identifier: MON-O1445-2). A-86 MONS31. Monsanto insect-resistant cotton produced by inserting the cry1Ac gene Gossypium 757/1076 Company rom Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. kunstaki HD-73 (B.t.k.). hirsutum L. (Cotton) A-87 LLcotton25 Glufosinate resistance Gossypium hirsutum L. (Cotton) US 9,433,214 B2 81 82 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-88 MON88913 Monsanto Glyphosate herbicide tolerant cotton produced by inserting Gossypium WO Company two genes encoding the enzyme 5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3- hirsutum O4,072235 phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from the CP4 strain of L. (Cotton) Agrobacterium timefaciens. A-89 MON Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant cotton derived 00531-6 x Company from conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines MON MON531 (OECD identifier: MON-00531-6) and 0.1445-2 MON1445 (OECD identifier: MON-O1445-2). A-90 PV-GHGTO7 Glyphosate tolerance US (1445) 200414.8666 A-91 T304-40 Insect-resistance (Cry1Ab) WO 08/122406, US 2010O775O1 A-92 T342-142 Insect resistance (Cry1Ab) WO O6,128568 L. (Cotton) A-93 X81359 BASF Inc. Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides by selection of a Heianthus naturally occurring mutant. (iitiii.S (Sunflower) A-94 BASF Inc. Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme Lens citiinaris acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate (Lentil) synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. A-95 FP967 University of A variant form of acetolactate synthase (ALS) was obtained Lintin Saskatchewan, from a chlorsulfuron tolerant line of A. thaiana and used to isitatissini in Crop transform flax. L. (Flax, Linseed) Dew. Centre A-96 5345 Monsanto Resistance to lepidopteran pests through the introduction of Lycopersicon Company the cry1Ac gene from Bacilius thatringiensis subsp. Kurstaki. escientiin (Tomato) A-97 8.338 Monsanto Introduction of a gene sequence encoding the enzyme 1 Lycopersicon Company amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCd) escientiin that metabolizes the precursor of the fruit ripening hormone (Tomato) ethylene. A-98 1345-4 DNA Plant Delayed ripening tomatoes produced by inserting an Lycopersicon Technology additional copy of a truncated gene encoding 1 escientiin Corporation aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase, (Tomato) which resulted in downregulation of the endogenous ACC synthase and reduced ethylene accumulation. A-99 35 1 N Agritope Introduction of a gene sequence encoding the enzyme S Lycopersicon Inc. adenosylmethionine hydrolase that metabolizes the precursor escientiin of the fruit ripening hormone ethylene (Tomato) A-100 B, Da, F Zeneca Delayed softening tomatoes produced by inserting a truncated Lycopersicon Seeds version of the polygalacturonase (PG) encoding gene in escientiin the sense or anti-sense orientation in order to reduce (Tomato) expression of the endogenous PG gene, and thus reduce pectin degradation. A-101 FLAVR Calgene Inc. Delayed softening tomatoes produced by inserting an Lycopersicon SAVR additional copy of the polygalacturonase (PG) encoding gene in escientiin the anti-sense orientation in order to reduce expression of the (Tomato) endogenous PG gene and thus reduce pectin degradation. A-102 J101, Monsanto Glyphosate herbicide tolerant alfalfa (lucerne) produced by Medicago Saiiva J163 Company and inserting a gene encoding the enzyme 5 (Alfalfa) Forage enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Genetics the CP4 strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. International A-103 Societe Tolerance to the herbicides bromoxynil and ioxynil by Nicotiana tabacum National incorporation of the nitrilase gene from Klebsiella L. (Tobacco) d’Exploitation pneumoniae. des Tabacs et Alumettes A-104 Vector Vector Reduced nicotine content through introduction of a second Nicotiana tabacum 21-41 Tobacco Inc. copy of the tobacco quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase L. (Tobacco) (QTPase) in the antisense orientation. The NPTII encoding gene from E. coli was introduced as a selectable marker to identify transformants. A-105 CL121, BASF Inc. Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethalpyr, Oryza sativa CL141, induced by chemical mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (Rice) CFX51 (ALS) enzyme using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). A-106 GAT-OS2 Glufosinate tolerance Oryza sativa WO (Rice) O1,83818 A-107 GAT-OS3 Glufosinate tolerance Oryza sativa US (Rice) 2008289060 A-108 IMINTA-1, BASF Inc. Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides induced by chemical Oryza sativa IMINTA-4 mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme (Rice) using sodium azide. US 9,433,214 B2 83 84 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref LLRICEO6, Aventis Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant rice produced by Oryza sativa LLRICE62 CropScience inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (Rice) (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus). Bayer Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant rice produced by Oryza sativa Crop Science inserting a modified phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (Rice) (Aventis (PAT) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Streptomyces Crop Science hygroscopicus). (AgrEvo)) PE-7 Insect resistance (Cry1Ac) Oryza sativa WO (Rice) 08114282 A-112 PWC16 BASF Inc. Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethalpyr, Oryza sativa induced by chemical mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase (Rice) (ALS) enzyme using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). A-113 TT51 Insect resistance (Cry1Ab/Cry1Ac) Oryza sativa (Rice) United States Plum pox virus (PPV) resistant plum tree produced through Prunus domestica Department Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with a coat protein (Plum) of (CP) gene from the virus. Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service A-115 ATBTO4-6, Monsanto Colorado potato beetle resistant potatoes produced by Soianum ATBTO4-27, Company inserting the cry3A gene from Bacilius thiringiensis (Subsp. tuberosum ATBTO4-30, Tenebrionis). L. (Potato) ATBTO4-31, ATBTO4-36, SPBTO2-5, SPBTO2-7 BT6, BT10, Monsanto Colorado potato beetle resistant potatoes produced by Soianum BT12, BT16, Com pany inserting the cry3A gene from Bacilius thiringiensis (Subsp. tuberosum BT17, BT18, Tenebrionis). L. (Potato) BT23 RBMT15-101, Monsanto Colorado potato beetle and potato virus Y (PVY) resistant Soianum SEMT15-02, Com pany potatoes produced by inserting the cry3A gene from Bacilius tuberosum SEMT1S-15 thiringiensis (subsp. Tenebrionis) and the coat protein L. (Potato) encoding gene from PVY. RBMT21-129, Monsanto Colorado potato beetle and potato leafroll virus (PLRV) Soianum RBMT21-350, Com pany resistant potatoes produced by inserting the cry3A gene from tuberosum RBMT22-082 Bacillus thuringiensis (subsp. Tenebrionis) and the replicase L. (Potato) encoding gene from PLRV. EH92-527 BAS F Plant Crop composition; Amflora; Unique EU identifier: BPS-25271-9 Soianum Science tuberosum L. (Potato) AP2OSCL BAS F Inc. Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme Trictim aestivitin acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate (Wheat) synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. AP602CL BAS F Inc. Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme Trictim aestivitin acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate (Wheat) synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. BW255-2, BAS F Inc. Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme Trictim aestivitin BW238-3 acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate (Wheat) synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. BAS F Inc. Tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides induced by chemical Trictim aestivitin mutagenesis of the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene (Wheat) using sodium azide. A-124 Event 1 Fusarium resistance (trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase). Trictim aestivitin CA (Wheat) 2561992 A-125 JOPLIN1 disease (fungal) resistance (trichothecene 3-O- Trictim aestivitin US acetyltransferase). (Wheat) 2008064032 A-126 MONT1800 Monsanto Glyphosate tolerant wheat variety produced by inserting a Trictim aestivitin Company modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (Wheat) (EPSPS) encoding gene from the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain CP4. Cyanamid Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme Trictim aestivitin Crop acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate (Wheat) Protection synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. Teal 11A BASF Inc. Selection for a mutagenized version of the enzyme Trictim aestivitin acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate (Wheat) synthase (ALS) or acetolactate pyruvate-lyase. 176 Syngenta Insect-resistant maize produced by inserting the cry1Ab gene Zea mayS Seeds, Inc. from Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. kunstaki. The genetic L. (Maize) modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB). US 9,433,214 B2 85 86 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-130 3272 Self processing corn (alpha-amylase) Zea mayS US L. (Maize) 2006230473, US 201OO6326S A-131 3751IR Pioneer Selection of somaclonal variants by culture of embryos on Zea mayS Hi-Bred imidazolinone containing media. L. (Maize) International Inc. A-132 676, 678, Pioneer Male-sterile and glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant Zea mayS 68O Hi-Bred maize produced by inserting genes encoding DNA adenine L. (Maize) International methylase and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) Inc. from Escherichia coli and Streptomyces viridochromogenes, respectively. A-133 ACS Bayer Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS ZM003-2 x CropScience derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) MON (Aventis lines T25 (OECD identifier: ACS-ZMOO3-2) and MON810 (20812-6 CropScience (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). (AgrEvo)) A-134 B16 Glufosinate resistance Zea mayS US L. (Maize) 2003126634 A-135 B16 Dekalb Glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant maize produced Zea mayS (DLL25) Genetics by inserting the gene encoding phosphinothricin L. (Maize) Corporation acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicals. A-136 BT11 Syngenta Insect-resistant and herbicide tolerant maize produced by Zea mayS WO (X4334CBR, Seeds, Inc. inserting the cry1Ab gene from Bacilius thiringiensis subsp. L. (Maize) 10148268 X4734CBR) kunstaki, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from S. viridochromogenes. A-137 BT11 x Syngenta Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS GA21 Seeds, Inc. produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines BT11 L. (Maize) (OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTO11-1) and GA21 (OECD unique identifier: MON-OOO21-9). A-138 BT11 x Syngenta Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS MIR162 Seeds, Inc. produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines BT11 L. (Maize) (OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTO11-1) and MIR162 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-IR162-4). Resistance to the European Corn Borer and tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium (Liberty) is derived from BT11, which contains the cry1Ab gene from Bacilius thiringiensis Subsp. ikurStaki, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from S. viridochromogenes. Resistance to other lepidopteran pests, including H. zea, S.fugiperda, A. ipsilon, and S. albicosta, is derived from MIR162, which contains the vip3Aa gene from Bacilius thuringiensis strain AB88. A-139 BT11 x Syngenta Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab delta-endotoxin protein and Zea mayS MIR162 x Seeds, Inc. the genetic material necessary for its production (via L. (Maize) MIR604 elements of vector pZO1502) in Event Bt11 corn (OECD Unique Identifier: SYN-BTO11-1) x Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3Aa2O insecticidal protein and the genetic material necessary for its production (via elements of vector pNOV1300) in Event MIR162 maize (OECD Unique Identifier: SYN IR162-4) x modified Cry3A protein and the genetic material necessary for its production (via elements of vector pZM26) in Event MIR604 corn (OECD Unique Identifier: SYN IR604-5). A-140 BT11 x Syngenta Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS MIR604 Seeds, Inc. produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines BT11 L. (Maize) (OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTO11-1) and MIR604 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-IR605-5). Resistance to the European Corn Borer and tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium (Liberty) is derived from BT11, which contains the cry1Ab gene from Bacilius thiringiensis Subsp. ikurStaki, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from S. viridochromogenes. Corn rootworm-resistance is derived from MIR604 which contains the mcry3A gene from Bacilius thuringiensis. A-141 BT11 x Syngenta Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS MIR604 x Seeds, Inc. produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines BT11 L. (Maize) GA21 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTO11-1), MIR604 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-IR605-5) and GA21 (OECD unique identifier: MON-00021-9). Resistance to the European Corn Borer and tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium (Liberty) is derived from BT11, which contains the cry1Ab gene from Bacilius thiringiensis subsp. ikirstaki, and the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding gene from S. viridochromogenes. Corn rootworm-resistance is derived from MIR604 which contains the mcry3A gene from Bacilius thiringiensis. Tolerance to glyphosate US 9,433,214 B2 87 88 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref herbcicide is derived from GA21 which contains a a modified EPSPS gene from maize. A-142 CBH-351 Aventis Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant Zea mayS CropScience maize developed by inserting genes encoding Cry9C protein L. (Maize) from Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. tolworthi and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicals. A-143 DAS-06275-8 DOW Lepidopteran insect resistant and glufosinate ammonium Zea mayS AgroSciences herbicide-tolerant maize variety produced by inserting the L. (Maize) LLC cry1F gene from Bacilius thiringiensis war aizawai and the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus. A-144 DAS-591.22-7 DOW Corn rootworm-resistant maize produced by inserting the Zea mayS US AgroSciences cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacilius thuringiensis L. (Maize) 2006070139, LLC and strain PS149B1. The PAT encoding gene from Streptomyces US Pioneer viridochromogenes was introduced as a selectable marker 2011 O30O86 Hi-Bred international IlC. A-145 DAS DOW Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS S9122-7 x AgroSciences produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines DAS L. (Maize) NK603 LLC and 59122-7 (OECD unique identifier: DAS-59122-7) with Pioneer NK603 (OECD unique identifier: MON-OO603-6). Corn Hi-Bred rootworm-resistance is derived from DAS-59122-7 which international contains the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus IlC. thuringiensis strain PS149B1. Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is derived from NK603. A-146 DAS DOW Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS S9122-7 x AgroSciences produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines DAS L. (Maize) TC1507 x LLC and 59122-7 (OECD unique identifier: DAS-59122-7) an NK603 Pioneer TC1507 (OECD unique identifier: DAS-O1507-1) with Hi-Bred NK603 (OECD unique identifier: MON-OO603-6). Corn international rootworm-resistance is derived from DAS-59122-7 which IlC. contains the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacillus thuringiensis strain PS149B1. Lepidopteran resistance and toleraance to glufosinate ammonium herbicide is derived from TC1507. Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is derived from NK603. A-147 DAS DOW Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS (21527-1 x AgroSciences derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) MON LLC lines 1507 (OECD identifier: DAS-01507-1) and NK603 20623-6 (OECD identifier: MON-OO603-6). A-148 DBT418 Dekalb Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant Zea mayS Genetics maize developed by inserting genes encoding Cry1AC L. (Maize) Corporation protein from Bacilius thuringiensis subsp kunstaki and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT) from Streptomyces hygroscopictis A-149 BASF Inc. Somaclonal variants with a modified acetyl-CoA Zea mayS carboxylase (ACCase) were selected by culture of embryos L. (Maize) on Sethoxydim enriched medium. A-150 Glyphosate tolerance/ALS inhibitor tolerance Zea mayS WO L. (Maize) 08/112019, US 2010240059 A-151 DP Pioneer Corn line 98.140 was genetically engineered to express the Zea mayS O98140-6 Hi-Bred GAT4621 (glyphosate acetyltransferase) and ZM-HRA L. (Maize) (Event International (modified version of a maize acetolactate synthase) proteins. 98140) Inc. The GAT4621 protein, encoded by the gata-621 gene, confers tolerance to glyphosate-containing herbicides by acetylating glyphosate and thereby rendering it non-phytotoxic. The ZM-HRA protein, encoded by the Zm-hra gene, confers tolerance to the ALS-inhibiting class of herbicides. A-152 Event Syngenta Maize line expressing a heat stable alpha-amylase gene Zea mayS 3272 Seeds, Inc. amy797E for use in the dry-grind ethanol process. The L. (Maize) phosphomannose isomerase gene from E. Coi was used as a selectable marker. A-153 Event Pioneer Maize event expressing tolerance to glyphosate herbicide, Zea mayS 98.140 Hi-Bred via expression of a modified bacterial glyphosate N L. (Maize) International acetlytransferase, and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, vial Inc. expression of a modified form of the maize acetolactate synthase enzyme. A-154 EXP191OIT Syngenta Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethalpyr, Zea mayS Seeds, Inc. induced by chemical mutagenesis of the acetolactate synthase L. (Maize) (formerly (ALS) enzyme using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). Zeneca Seeds) A-15S FI117 Glyphosate resistance Zea mayS U.S. L. (Maize) Pat. No. 6,040,497 US 9,433,214 B2 89 90 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-156 GA21 Monsanto Glyphosate resistance: Introduction, by particle bombardment, Zea mayS U.S. Company of a modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate L. (Maize) Pat. No. synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate bio 6,040,497 chemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids; GA21 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS MON810 Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) lines GA21 (OECD identifider: MON-OOO21-9) and MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). A-158 GAT-ZM1 Glufosinate tolerance Zea mayS WO L. (Maize) O1 S1654 A-159 Glyphosate resistance Zea mayS U.S. L. (Maize) Pat. No. 6,040,497 A-160 Glyphosate resistance: U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,497 Zea mayS L. (Maize) A-161 IT Pioneer Tolerance to the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethalpyr, was Zea mayS Hi-Bred obtained by in vitro selection of Somaclonal variants. L. (Maize) International Inc. LYO38 Monsanto Altered amino acid composition, specifically elevated levels Zea mayS U.S. Company of lysine, through the introduction of the cordap A gene, L. (Maize) Pat. No. derived from Corynebacterium glutamicum, encoding the 7,157,281, enzyme dihydrodipicolinate synthase (cDHDPS). US 2010212051; US 2007028322 A-163 MIR162 Insect resistance Zea mayS WO L. (Maize) O7 142840 A-164 MIR604 Syngenta Corn rootworm resistant maize produced by transformation Zea mayS EP Seeds, Inc. with a modified cry3A gene. The phosphomannose isomerase L. (Maize) 1737290 gene from E. coli was used as a selectable marker; (Cry3a.055) A-165 MIR604 x Syngenta Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS GA21 Seeds, Inc. produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines L. (Maize) MIR604 (OECD unique identifier: SYN-IR605-5) and GA21 (OECD unique identifier: MON-OOO21-9). Corn rootworm-resistance is derived from MIR604 which contains he mcry3A gene from Bacilius thiringiensis. Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is derived from GA21. A-166 MON801OO Monsanto insect-resistant maize produced by inserting the cry1Ab gene Zea mayS Company rom Bacilius thiringiensis Subsp. ikirstaki. The genetic L. (Maize) modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB). A-167 MON802 Monsanto insect-resistant and glyphosate herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS Company produced by inserting the genes encoding the Cry1Ab protein L. (Maize) rom Bacilius thuringiensis and the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from A. tumefaciens strain CP4. A-168 MON809 Pioneer Resistance to European corn borer (Ostrinia nubialis) by Zea mayS Hi-Bred introduction of a synthetic cry1Ab gene. Glyphosate resistance L. (Maize) International via introduction of the bacterial version of a plant enzyme, 5 Inc. enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). A-169 MON810 Monsanto insect-resistant maize produced by inserting a truncated form Zea mayS US Company of the cry1Ab gene from Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. L. (Maize) 200418O373 kunstaki HD-1. The genetic modification affords resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB); A-170 MON810 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and glyphosate tolerant maize Zea mayS MON88O17 Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines L. (Maize) MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-00810-6) and MON88017 (OECD identifier: MON-88017-3). European corn borer (ECB) resistance is derived from a truncated form of the cry1Ab gene from Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. kunstaki HD-1 present in MON810. Corn rootworm resistance is derived from the cry3Bb1 gene from Bacilius thuringiensis Subspecies kumamotoensis strain EG4691 present in MON88017. Glyphosate tolerance is derived from a 5 enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from Agrobacterium timefaciens strain CP4 present in MON88O17. A-171 MON832 Monsanto Introduction, by particle bombardment, of glyphosate Zea mayS Company oxidase (GOX) and a modified 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3- L. (Maize) phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids. A-172 MON863 Monsanto Corn root worm resistant maize produced by inserting the Zea mayS Company cry3Bb1 gene from Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. L. (Maize) kaimamotoensis. US 9,433,214 B2 91 92 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-173 MON863 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant corn hybrid derived from Zea mayS MON810 Company conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines MON863 L. (Maize) (OECD identifier: MON-OO863-5) and MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81 (O-6) A-174 MON863 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS MON810 x Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the stacked hybrid L. (Maize) NK603 MON-OO863-5 x MON-00810-6 and NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO603-6). A-175 MON863 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS NK603 Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) lines MON863 (OECD identifier: MON-OO863-5) and NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO603-6). A-176 MON87460 Drought tolerance; Water deficit tolerance; Zea mayS WO L. (Maize) 09:111263 A-177 MON88O17 Monsanto Corn rootworm-resistant maize produced by inserting the Zea mayS WO Company cry3Bb1 gene from Bacilius thuringiensis subspecies L. (Maize) 05.0591.03 kumamotoensis strain EG4691. Glyphosate tolerance derived by inserting a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 (Glyphosate tolerance); A-178 MON89034 Monsanto Maize event expressing two different insecticidal proteins Zea mayS Company from Bacilius thiringiensis providing resistance to number L. (Maize) of lepidopteran pests; insect resistance (Lepidoptera - Cry1A. 105-Cry2Ab); A-179 MON89034 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and glyphosate tolerant maize Zea mayS MON88O17 Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines L. (Maize) MON89034 (OECD identifier: MON-89034-3) and MON88017 (OECD identifier: MON-88017-3). Resistance to Lepiopteran insects is derived from two crygenes present in MON89043. Corn rootworm resistance is derived from a single cry genes and glyphosate tolerance is derived from the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) encoding gene from Agrobacterium timefaciens present in MON88O17. A-18O MON89034 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mays NK603 Company produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines L. (Maize) MON89034 (OECD identifier: MON-89034-3) with NK603 (OECD unique identifier: MON-00603-6). Resistance to Lepiopteran insects is derived from two crygenes present in MON89043. Tolerance to glyphosate herbcicide is derived from NK603. A-181 MON89034 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS TC1507 x Company produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines: L. (Maize) MON88O17 x MON89034, TC1507, MON88017, and DAS-59122. DAS-591.22-7 Resistance to the above-ground and below-ground insect pests and tolerance to glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium containing herbicides. MON Monsan O Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS 00603-6 x Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) MON lines NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO603-6) and (20812-6 MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). MON Monsan O Stacked insect resistant and enhanced lysine content maize Zea mayS 00810-6 x Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) LYO38 lines MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6) and LYO38 (OECD identifier: REN-OOO38-3). MON Monsan O Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS (208.63-5 x Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) MON lines MON863 (OECD identifier: MON-OO863-5) and 20623-6 NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO603-6). MON Monsan O Stacked insect resistant corn hybrid derived from Zea mayS (208.63-5 x Company conventional cross-breeding of the parental lines MON863 L. (Maize) MON (OECD identifier: MON-OO863-5) and MON810 (OECD (20812-6 identifier: MON-OO81 (O-6) MON Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS (208.63-5 x Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the stacked hybrid L. (Maize) MON MON-OO863-5 x MON-00810-6 and NK603 (OECD 00810-6 x identifier: MON-OO603-6). MON 20623-6 A-187 MON Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS 00021-9 x Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) MON lines GA21 (OECD identifider: MON-OOO21-9) and (20812-6 MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). A-188 MS3 Bayer Male sterility caused by expression of the barnase ribonuclease Zea mayS CropScience gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens; PPT resistance L. (Maize) (Aventis was via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). CropScience (AgrEvo)) US 9,433,214 B2 93 94 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref A-189 MS6 Bayer Male sterility caused by expression of the barnase ribonuclease Zea mayS CropScience gene from Bacilius amyloiquefaciens; PPT resistance L. (Maize) (Aventis was via PPT-acetyltransferase (PAT). CropScience (AgrEvo)) A-190 NK603 Monsanto Introduction, by particle bombardment, of a modified 5 Zea mayS Company enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an L. (Maize) enzyme involved in the shikimate biochemical pathway for the production of the aromatic amino acids. A-191 NK603 x Monsanto Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS MON810 Company derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) lines NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO603-6) and MON810 (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). A-192 NK603 x Monsanto Stacked glufosinate ammonium and glyphosate herbicide Zea mayS T25 Company tolerant maize hybrid derived from conventional cross L. (Maize) breeding of the parental lines NK603 (OECD identifier: MON-OO603-6) and T25 (OECD identifier: ACS-ZM003-2). A-193 PW-ZMGT32 Glyphosate tolerance Zea mayS US (NK603) L. (Maize) 2007 OS60S6 A-194 E6611.32.1.38 Pioneer 1) MS45: anther-specific 5126 (Zea mays) promoter > fertility zea mayS WO DP-32138-1, Hi-Bred restoration MS.45 (Zea mays) coding sequence > fertility L. (Maize) 09/103049, 3.2138 International restoration MsA5 (Zea mays) 3'-untranslated region 2) ZM MX Inc. AA1: polygalacturonase 47 (Zea mays) promoter > brittle-1 201OOO8977 (Zea mays) chloroplast transit peptide - alpha-amylase-1 (Zea mays) truncated coding sequence > >In2-1 (Zea mays) 3'-untranslated region 3) DSRED2: 35S (Cauliflower Mosaic Virus) enhancer > lipid transfer protein-2 (Hordeum vulgare) promoter > red fluorescent protein (Dicosoma sp.) variant coding sequence > protein inhibitor II (Soianum tuberostin) 3'-untranslated region A-195 PW-ZMIR13 Insect resistance (Cry3Bb); Zea mayS US (MON863) L. (Maize) 2006095986 A-196 SYN Syngenta Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS BT011-1 x Seeds, Inc. produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines BT11 L. (Maize) MON (OECD unique identifier: SYN-BTO11-1) and GA21 (20021-9 (OECD unique identifier: MON-OOO21-9). A-197 T14 Bayer Glufosinate herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting Zea mayS CropScience the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding L. (Maize) (Aventis gene from the aerobic actinomycete Streptomyces CropScience viridochromogenes. (AgrEvo)) A-198 T14, T25 Bayer Glufosinate herbicide tolerant maize produced by inserting Zea mayS CropScience the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase (PAT) encoding L. (Maize) (Aventis gene from the aerobic actinomycete Streptomyces CropScience viridochromogenes. (AgrEvo)) A-199 T2S X Bayer Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant corn hybrid Zea mayS MON810 CropScience derived from conventional cross-breeding of the parental L. (Maize) (Aventis lines T25 (OECD identifier: ACS-ZMOO3-2) and MON810 CropScience (OECD identifier: MON-OO81O-6). (AgrEvo)) TC1507 Mycogen Insect-resistant and glufosinate ammonium herbicide tolerant Zea mayS U.S. (cio Dow maize produced by inserting the cry1F gene from Bacilius L. (Maize) Pat. No. AgroSciences); thiringiensis war. aizawai and the phosphinothricin N 7,435,807 Pioneer acetyltransferase encoding gene from Streptomyces (cio Dupont) viridochromogenes; Insect resistance (Cry1F); A-201 TC1507 x DOW Stacked insect resistant and herbicide tolerant maize Zea mayS DAS-591.22-7 AgroSciences produced by conventional cross breeding of parental lines L. (Maize) LLC and TC1507 (OECD unique identifier: DAS-O1507-1) with Pioneer DAS-59122-7 (OECD unique identifier: DAS-59122-7). Hi-Bred Resistance to lepidopteran insects is derived from TC1507 due International the presence of the cry1F gene from Bacilius thuringiensis Inc. var. aizawai. Corn rootworm-resistance is derived from DAS-59122-7 which contains the cry34Ab1 and cry35Ab1 genes from Bacilius thuringiensis strain PS149B1. Tolerance to glufosinate ammonium herbcicide is derived from TC1507 from the phosphinothricin N-acetyltransferase encoding gene from Streptomyces viridochromogenes. A-202 VIP1034 Insect resistance; Zea mayS WO L. (Maize) O3,052O73 MS-B2 Male sterility Brassica ssp. WO O1,31042 A-204 MS-BN1. Male sterility/restoration Brassica ssp. WO O1,41558 A-205 Glyphosate resistance Brassica ssp. WO O2,36831 US 9,433,214 B2 95 96 TABLE A-continued

Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref MON 87708 MONSANTO Dicamba herbicide tolerance, transformation vector PV Glycine max WO TECH GMHT4355 1) DMO: full length transcript (Peanut Chlorotic L. (Soybean) 11,034704 NOLOGY Streak Virus) promoter > tobacco Etch Virus leader > LLC ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase small subunit (Pisum sativum) chloroplast transit peptide - dicamba mono oxygenase (Stenotrophomonas maitophilia) coding sequence > ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit E9 (Pisum sativum) 3'-untranslated region. A CP4 epsps chimeric gene contained within a second T-DNA on the transformation vector used was segregated away. BAYER 1) Phala748 ABBC: sequence including the promoter region Glycine max WO BIOSCIENCE of the histone H4 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana, containing an L. (Soybean) 11,063411 NV (BE); MS internal duplication > 5tev: sequence including the leader TECH sequence of the tobacco etch virus > TPotp Y: coding sequence NOLOGIES of an optimized transit peptide derivative (position 55 LLC (US) changed into Tyrosine), containing sequence of the RuBisCO Small subunit genes of Zea mays (corn) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) > hppdPfW336: the coding sequence of the 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase of Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A32 modified by the replacement of the amino acid Glycine 336 with a Tryptophane > 3'nos: sequence including the 3' untranslated region of the nopaline synthase gene from the T-DNA of pTIT37 of Agrobacterium timefaciens. 2) Ph4a748: Sequence including the promoter region of the histone H4 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana > intron1 h;3At: first intron of gene II of the histone H3.III variant of Arabidopsis thaliana > TPotp C: coding sequence of the optimized transit peptide, containing sequence of the RuBisCO Small subunit genes of Zea mays (corn) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower) > 2mepsps: the coding sequence of the double-mutant 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene of Zea mays > 3’histon At: sequence including the 3' untranslated region of the histone H4 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana A-208 416 DOW A novelaad-12 transformation event for herbicide tolerance Glycine max WO pDAB4468 AGRO in soybean plants - referred to herein as p)AB4468-0416. L. (Soybean) 11,066384 O416 SCIENCES The aad-12 gene (originally from Delfia acidovorans) LLC encodes the aryloxyalkanoate dioxygenase (AAD-12) protein. The trait confers tolerance to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, for example, and to pyridyloxyacetate herbicides. The aad-12 gene, itself, for herbicide tolerance in plants was first disclosed in WO 07053482. A-209 127 ALSAHAS inhibitor-tolerance Glycine max WO L. (Soybean) 10,080829 A-210 ASS47-35 Glufosinate tolerance Glycine max WO L. (Soybean) O6.108675 A-211 A2704-12 Glufosinate tolerance Glycine max WO L. (Soybean) O6.108674 A-212 Kefeng No. CHINA NAT Transgenic rice Kefeng 6 is a transformation event containing Oryza sativa CN 6 RICE two insect-resistant genes, cry1Ac and SCK (modified (Rice) O1824411 RES INST CpTI gene) in China. A-213 17053 Glyphosate tolerance Oryza sativa WO (Rice) Of 117737 A-214 17314 Glyphosate tolerance Oryza sativa WO (Rice) Of 117735 Event 1 Fusarium resistance (trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase) Wheat CA 2561992 A-216 JOPLIN1 disease (fungal) resistance (trichothecene 3-O- Wheat US acetyltransferase) 2008064032 A-217 DAS-40278-9 DOW RB7 MARv3 > Zml Jbiquitin 1 promoter > aad1 > ZmPER5 Zea mayS WO AgroSciences 3'UTR > RB 7 MARV4. The aad-1 gene confers tolerance to L. (Maize) 1,022469 LLC 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and aryloxyphenoxypropionate (commonly referred to as “fop herbicides such as quizalofop) herbicides A-218 MIR604 Syngenta 1) CRY3A: metallotionin-like gene (Zea mays) promoter > Zea mayS US Participations delta-endotoxin cry3a (Bacilius thatiringiensis subsp. L. (Maize) 2005216970, AG tenebrionis) coding sequence, modified to include a cathepsin-G US protease recognition site and maize codon optimized - 2008 167456, nopaline synthase (Agrobacterium timefaciens) 3'- US untranslated region 2) PMI: polyubiquitin (Zea mays) 201111142O promoter (incl. first intron) > mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (Escherichia coii) coding sequence > nopaline synthase (Agrobacterium tunefaciens) 3'-untranslated region A-219 MON 87.427 MONSANTO The transgene insert and expression cassette of MON 87427 Zea mayS WO TECH comprises the promoter and leader from the cauliflower L. (Maize) 11,062904 NOLOGY mosaic virus (CaMV) 35 S containing a duplicated enhancer LLC region (P-e35S); operably linked to a DNA leader derived from the first intron from the maize heat shock protein 70 US 9,433,214 B2

TABLE A-continued Event Company Description Crop Patent Ref gene (I- HSP70); operably linked to a DNA molecule encoding an N-terminal chloroplast transit peptide from the shkC gene from Arabidopsis thaliana EPSPS (Ts-CTP2); operably inked to a DNA molecule derived from the aroA gene from he Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4 and encoding the CP4 EPSPS protein; operably linked to a 3' UTR DNA molecule derived from the nopaline synthase (T-NOS) gene from Agrobacterium timefaciens. A-220 DP-OO4114-3 Pioneer cry1F, cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1, and pat: resistance to certain Zea mayS US Hi-Bred epidopteran and coleopteran pests, as well as tolerance to L. (Maize) 2O11154523 international phosphinothricin. IlC. A-221 DP-O3231 6-8 Pioneer Cry1F, cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1, pat: resistance to certain Zea mayS US Hi-Bred epidopteran and coleopteran pests, as well as tolerance to L. (Maize) 2O11154524 international phosphinothricin IlC. A-222 DP-040416-8 a Pioneer Cry1F, cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1, pat: resistance to certain Zea mayS US Hi-Bred epidopteran and coleopteran pests, as well as tolerance to L. (Maize) 2011 O154S25 international phosphinothricin IlC. A-223 DP-043A47-3 Pioneer Cry1F, cry34Ab1, cry35Ab1, pat: resistance to certain Zea mayS US Hi-Bred epidopteran and coleopteran pests, as well as tolerance to L. (Maize) 2011 O154526 international phosphinothricin IlC. A-224 5307 insect (corn rootworm) resistance (FR8a) Zea mayS WO L. (Maize) 10,077816

In material protection the active compounds or the active falling under the definition of storage goods is timber, compound combinations of the invention may be used for whether in the form of crude timber, such as construction the protection of technical materials against infestation and 30 timber, electricity pylons and barriers, or in the form of destruction by insects, nematodes or phytopathogens. finished articles, such as furniture or objects made from Technical materials are understood to be in the present wood. Storage goods of animal origin are hides, leather, furs, context non-living materials that have been prepared for use hairs and the like. The combinations according the present in engineering. For example, technical materials that are to invention can prevent disadvantageous effects such as decay, be protected against micro-biological change or destruction 35 discoloration or mold. Preferably “storage goods” is under by the active materials of the invention can be adhesives, stood to denote natural Substances of vegetable origin and glues, paper and cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, their processed forms, more preferably fruits and their paint and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other mate processed forms, such as pomes, Stone fruits, soft fruits and rials that can be infested or destroyed by micro-organisms. citrus fruits and their processed forms. Within the context of materials to be protected are also parts 40 Insects, nematodes or phytopathogens to be controlled of production plants and buildings, for example cooling when the compound (A), the spore-forming bacteria (B) and circuits, cooling and heating systems, air conditioning and the biological control agents (C) are used or employed ventilation systems, which can be adversely affected by the according to the invention are given hereafter: propagation of fungi or microorganisms. Within the context Insects and Nematodes: of the present invention, preferably mentioned as technical 45 Insects are from the phylum Arthropoda, especially from materials are adhesives, glues, paper and cardboard, leather, the class Arachnida, for example, Acarus spp., Aceria Shel wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat exchanger liquids, doni, Aculops spp., Aculus spp., Amblyomma spp., Amphi particularly preferred is wood. The combinations according tetranychus viennensis, Argas spp., Boophilus spp., to the invention can prevent disadvantageous effects like Brevipalpus spp., Bryobia graminum, Bryobia praetiosa, decaying, dis- and decoloring, or molding. The active com 50 Centruroides spp., Chorioptes spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, pound combinations and compositions according to the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides fari invention can likewise be employed for protecting against nas, Dermacentor spp., Eotetranychus spp., Epitrimerus colonization of objects, in particular ship hulls, sieves, nets, pyri, Eutetranychus spp., Eriophyes spp., Glycyphagus buildings, quays and signalling installations, which are in domesticus, Halotydeus destructor, Hemitarisonemus spp., contact with sea water or brackish water. 55 Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Latrodectus spp., Loxosceles The method of treatment according to the invention can spp., Metatetranychus spp., Neutrombicula autumnalis, also be used in the field of protecting storage goods against Nuphersa spp., Oligonychus spp., Ornithodorus spp., Orni attack of insects, nematodes or phytopathogens. According thonyssus spp., Panonychus spp., Phylocoptruta oleivora, to the present invention, the term “storage goods’ is under Polyphagotarisonemus latus, Psoroptes spp., Rhipicephalus stood to denote natural Substances of vegetable or animal 60 spp., Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp., Scorpio maurus, origin and their processed forms, which have been taken Steneotarisonemus spp., Steneotarisonemus spinki, Tarson from the natural life cycle and for which long-term protec emus spp., Tetranychus spp., Trombicula alfreddugesi, Vae tion is desired. Storage goods of vegetable origin, such as jovis spp., Vasates lycopersici; plants or parts thereof, for example stalks, leafs, tubers, from the class Chilopoda, for example, Geophilus spp., seeds, fruits or grains, can be protected in the freshly 65 Scutigera spp.; harvested State or in processed form, Such as pre-dried, from the order or the class Collembola, for example, Ony moistened, comminuted, ground, pressed or roasted. Also chiurus armatus, US 9,433,214 B2 99 100 from the class Diplopoda, for example, Blaniulus guttulatus, quadrata, Piezodorus spp., Psallus spp., Pseudacy.sta per from the class Insecta, e.g. from the order Blattodea, for sea, Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scaptocoris example, Blattella asahinai, Blattella germanica, Blatta castanea, Scotinophora spp., Stephanitis nashi, Tibraca Orientalis, Leucophaea maderae, Panchlora spp., Parcob spp., Triatoma spp.; latta spp., Periplaneta spp., Supella longipalpa, 5 from the order Homoptera, for example, Acizzia acaciae from the order Coleoptera, for example, Acalymma vittatum, baileyanae, Acizzia dodonaeae, AcizZia uncatoides, Acrida Acanthoscelides Obtectus, Adoretus spp., Agelastica alni, turrita, Acyrthosipon spp., Acrogonia spp., Aeneolamia spp., Agriotes spp., Alphitobius diaperinus, Amphimallon solsti Agonoscena spp., Aleyrodes proletella, Aleurolobus tialis, Anobium punctatum, Anoplophora spp., Anthononus barodensis, Aleurothrixus floccosus, Allocaridara malayen spp., Anthrenus spp., Apion spp., Apogonia spp., Atomaria 10 sis, Amrasca spp., Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Apha spp., Attagenus spp., Bruchidius Obtectus, Bruchus spp., nostigma piri, Aphis spp., Arboridia apicalis, Arytainilla Cassida spp., Cerotoma trifiurcata, Ceutorrhynchus spp., spp., Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus spp., Atanus spp., Aulacor Chaetocnema spp., Cleonus mendicus, Conoderus spp., thum Solani, Bemisia tabaci, Blastopsylla Occidentalis, Bor Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra zealandica, Ctenicera spp., eioglycaspis melaleucae, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachy Curculio spp., Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptorhynchus 15 colus spp., Brevicoryne brassicae, Cacopsylla spp., lapathi, Cylindrocopturus spp., Dermestes spp., Diabrotica Calligypona marginata, Carneocephalafiulgida, Ceratova spp., Dichocrocis spp., Dicladispa armigera, Diloboderus cuna lanigera, Cercopidae, Ceroplastes spp., Chaetosiphon spp., Epilachna spp., Epitrix spp., Faustinus spp., Gibbium fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita Onuki, Chon psylloides, Gnathocerus cornutus, Hellula undalis, Hetero dracris rosea, Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus nychus arator, Heteronyx spp., Hylamorpha elegans, 20 ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Hylotrupes bajulus, Hypera postica, Hypomeces squamo Cryptomyzus ribis, CryptoneOssa spp., Ctenarvtaina spp., sus, Hypothenemus spp., Lachnosterna consanguinea, Dalbulus spp., Dialeurodes citri, Diaphorina citri, Diaspis Lasioderma serricorne, Latheticus Oryzae, Lathridius spp., spp., Drosicha spp., Dysaphis spp., Dysmicoccus spp., Lema spp., Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Leucoptera spp., Empoasca spp., Eriosoma spp., Erythroneura spp., Euca Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus, Lixus spp., Luperodes spp., Lyc 25 lyptolyma spp., Euphyllura spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Ferrisia tus spp., Megascelis spp., Melanotus spp., Melligethes spp., Geococcus coffeae, Glycaspis spp., Heteropsylla aeneus, Melolontha spp., Migdolus spp., Monochamus spp., cubana, Heteropsylla spinulosa, Homalodisca coagulata, Naupactus xanthographus, Necrobia spp., Niptus hololeu Hyalopterus arundinis, Icerya spp., Idiocerus spp., Idiosco cus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Oryz pus spp., Laodelphax striatellus, Lecanium spp., Lepidos aphagus Oryzae, Otiorrhynchus spp., Oxycetonia jucunda, 30 aphes spp., Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum spp., Macroste Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllophaga spp., Phyllophaga hel les facifions, Mahanarva spp., Melanaphis sacchari, leri, Phyllotreta spp., Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Metcalfiella spp., Metopolophium dirhodium, Monelia cos ProStephanus truncatus, Psylliodes spp., Ptinus spp., Rhizo talis, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp., Nasonovia ribisini bius ventralis, Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus spp., Sito gri, Nephotettix spp., Nettigonicla spectra, Nilaparvata philus Oryzae, Sphenophorus spp., Stegobium paniceum, 35 lugens, Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Oxya chin Sternechus spp., Symphyletes spp., Tanymecus spp., Ten ensis, Pachypsylla spp., Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza ebrio molitor, Tenebrioides mauretanicus, Tribolium spp., spp., Parlatoria spp., Pemphigus spp., Peregrinus maidis, Trogoderma spp., Tichius spp., Xylotrechus spp., Zabrus Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon Spp., humuli, Phylloxera spp., Pinnaspis aspidistras, Planococcus from the order Diptera, for example, Aedes spp., Agromyza 40 spp., Prosopidopsylla flava, Protopulvinaria pyriformis, spp., Anastrepha spp., Anopheles spp., Asphondylia spp., Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp., Psyllopsis Bactrocera spp., Bibio hortulanus, Caliphora erythro spp., Psylla spp., Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp., Ouadraspi cephala, Caliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chironomus diotus spp., Quesada gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Rhopalosi spp., Chrysomyia spp., Chrysops spp., Chrysozona pluvialis, phum spp., Saissetia spp., Scaphoideus titanus, Schizaphis Cochliomyia spp., Contarinia spp., Cordylobia anthro 45 graminum, Selenaspidus articulatus, Sogata spp., Sogatella pophaga, Cricotopus Sylvestris, Culex spp., Culicoides spp., fircifera, Sogatodes spp., Stictocephala festina, Siphoninus Culiseta spp., Cuterebra spp., Dacus oleae, Dasy neura spp., philly reae, Tenalaphara malavensis, Tetragonocephela spp., Delia spp., Dermatobia hominis, Drosophila spp., Echinoc Tinocallis Caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp., Tri nemus spp., Fannia spp., Gasterophilus spp., Glossina spp., aleurodes vaporariorum, Trioza spp., Tiphlocyba spp., Haematopota spp., Hydrellia spp., Hydrellia griseola, Hyle 50 Unaspis spp., Viteus vitifolii, Zygina spp.; mya spp., Hippobosca spp., Hypoderma spp., Liriomyza from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Acromyrmex spp., Lucilia spp., Lutzomyia spp., Mansonia spp., Musca spp., Athalia spp., Atta spp., Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., spp., Oestrus spp., Oscinella frit, Paratanytarsus spp., Para Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Sirex spp., Solenopsis lauterborniella subcincta, Pegomyia spp., Phlebotomus in victa, Tapinoma spp., Urocerus spp., Vespa spp., Xeris spp., Phorbia spp., Phormia spp., Piophila casei, Prodiplo 55 Spp., sis spp., Psila rosae, Rhagoletis spp., Sarcophaga spp., from the order Isopoda, for example, Armadillidium vulgare, Simulium spp., Stomoxys spp., Tabanus spp., Tetanops spp., Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber, Tipula spp.; from the order Isoptera, for example, Coptotermes spp., from the order Heteroptera, for example, Anasa tristis, Cormitermes cumulans, Cryptotermes spp., Incisitermes Antestiopsis spp., Boisea spp., Blissus spp., Calocoris spp., 60 spp., Microtermes Obesi, Odontotermes spp., Reticulitermes Campylomma livida, Cavelerius spp., Cimex spp., Collaria Spp., spp., Creontiades dilutus, Dasynus piperis, Dichelops fir from the order Lepidoptera, for example, Achroia grisella, catus, Diconocoris hewetti, Dysdercus spp., Euschistus spp., Acronicta major, Adoxophyes spp., Aedia leucomelas, Agro Eurygaster spp., Heliopeltis spp., Horcias nobilellus, Lep tis spp., Alabama spp., Amyelois transitella, Anarsia spp., tocorisa spp., Leptocorisa varicornis, Leptoglossus phyllo Anticarsia spp., Argyroploce spp., Barathra brassicae, pus, Lygus spp., Macropes excavatus, Miridae, Monalonion Borbo cinnara, Bucculatrix thurberiella, Bupalus piniarius, atratum, Nezara spp., Oebalus spp., Pentomidae, Piesma Busseola spp., Cacoecia spp., Caloptilia theivOra, Capua US 9,433,214 B2 101 102 reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella, Carposina niponensis, Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medimensis, Echi Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo spp., Choristoneura spp., Cly nococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis, Entero sia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Cnaphalocrocis medi bius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp., Hetera nalis, Cnephasia spp., Conopomorpha spp., Conotrachelus kis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hvostrongulus spp., Loa Loa, spp., Copitarsia spp., Cydia spp., Dalaca noctuides, 5 Nematodirus spp., Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis Diaphania spp., Diatraea saccharalis, Earias spp., Ecdy spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp., Paragonimus tolopha aurantium, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eldana sac spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongy charina, Ephestia spp., Epinotia spp., Epiphyas postvittana, loides Stercoralis, Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia Etiella spp., Eulia spp., Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euproctis solium, Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella nativa, Trichinella spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Galleria mellonella, Gracil 10 britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, Trichinella pseudopsiralis, laria spp., Grapholitha spp., Hedylepta spp., Helicoverpa Tricho strongulus spp., Trichuris trichiura, Wuchereria ban spp., Heliothis spp., Hofmannophila pseudospretella, crofti, Homoeosoma spp., Homona spp., Hyponomeuta padella, phytoparasitic pests being nematodes from the phylum Kakivoria flavofasciata, Laphygma spp., Laspeyresia Nematoda, for example, Aphelen.choides spp., Bursaph molesta, Leucinodes Orbonalis, Leucoptera spp., Lithocol 15 elenchus spp., Dity lenchus spp., Globodera spp., Het letis spp., Lithophane antennata, Lobesia spp., Loxagrotis erodera spp., Longidorus spp., Meloidogyne spp., Pratylen albicosta, Lymantria spp., Lyonetia spp., Malacosoma chus spp., Radopholus spp., Trichodorus spp., Tilenchulus neustria, Maruca testulalis, Mainstra brassicae, Melanitis spp., Xiphinema spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Tilenchorhyn leda, Mocis spp., Monopis obviella, Mythinna separata, chus spp., Scutellonema spp., Paratrichodorus spp., Melo Nemapogon cloacellus, Nymphula spp., Oiketicus spp., Oria inema spp., Paraphelenchus spp., Agilenchus spp., Belono spp., Orthaga spp., Ostrinia spp., Oulema Oryzae, Panolis laimus spp., Nacobbus spp., Rotylenchulus spp., flammea, Parnara spp., Pectinophora spp., Perileucoptera Rotylenchus spp., Neotylenchus spp., Paraphelenchus spp., spp., Phthorimaea spp., Phyllocnistis citrella, Phyllonoryc Dolichodorus spp., Hoplolaimus spp., Punctodera spp., Cri ter spp., Pieris spp., Platynota Stultana, Plodia interpunc conemella spp., Ouinisulcius spp., Hemicycliophora spp., tella, Plusia spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Prodenia 25 Hirschmaniella spp., Anguina spp., Subanguina spp., Hemi spp., Protoparce spp., Pseudaletia spp., Pseudaletia uni criconenoides spp., Psilenchus spp., Pseudohalenchus spp., puncta, Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Rachip Criconenoides spp., Cacopaurus spp. lusia nu, Schoenobius spp., Scirpophaga spp., Scirpophaga The compositions according to the invention are particu innotata, Scotia segetum, Sesamia spp., Sesamia inferens, larly useful in controlling nematodes. Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Spodoptera praefica, 30 Ein Nematizid im Pflanzenschutz, wie hier beschrieben, Stathmopoda spp., Stomopteryx subsectivella, Synanthedon bedeutet die Fähigkeit des Wirkstoffes, Nematoden Zukon spp., Tecia Solanivora, Thermesia gemmatalis, Tinea clo trollieren. acella, Tinea pellionella, Tineola bisselliella, Tortrix spp., “Controlling nematodes' according to the invention shall Trichophaga tapetzella, Trichoplusia spp., Tryporyza mean to kill nematodes or to prevent their development or incertulas, Tuta absoluta, Virachola spp.; 35 growth. The efficacy of the compositions or combinations from the order Orthoptera or Saltatoria, for example, Acheta according to the invention is assessed by comparing the domesticus, Dichroplus spp., Gryllotalpa spp., Hierogly mortality of nematodes, the development of galls, the for phus spp., Locusta spp., Melanoplus spp., Schistocerca mation of cysts, the concentration of nematodes per Volume gregaria, of soil, of cysts, the concentration of nematodes per root, the from the order Phthiraptera, for example, Damalinia spp., 40 number of nematode eggs per Volume of soil, the motility of Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pti the nematodes between a plant, a plant part or the Soil treated rus pubis, Trichodectes spp.; with a composition or combination according to the inven from the order Psocoptera for example Lepinatus spp., tion and the untreated plant, plant part or soil (100%). LipOscelis spp.; Preferred is a reduction by 25-50% in comparison with the from the order Siphonaptera, for example, Ceratophyllus 45 untreated plant, plant part or soil, very preferred a reduction spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, by 40-79%, and particularly preferred the complete killing Xenopsylla cheopsis, and the complete prevention of the development or growth from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Anaphothrips by a reduction from 70% to 100% in comparison with the obscurus, Baliothrips biformis, Drepanothrips reuteri, untreated plant, plant part or soil. Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp., Heliothrips spp., 50 “Controlling nematodes' according to the invention shall Hercinothrips femoralis, Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus, Scir mean the control of the reproduction of the nematodes (e.g. tothrips spp., Taeniothrips cardamomi, Thrips spp.; development of cysts or eggs). The compositions according from the order Zygentoma (Thysanura), for example, Cte to the invention can used for keeping the plants healthy and molepisma spp., Lepisma saccharina, Lepismodes inquili can be used curatively, preventively or systemically for nus, Thermobia domestica, 55 controlling nematodes. from the class Symphyla, for example, Scutigerella spp.; The skilled person knows methods for determining the pests from the phylum Mollusca, especially from the class mortality of nematodes, the development of galls, the for Bivalvia, for example, Dreissena spp., and from the class mation of cysts, the concentration of nematodes per Volume Gastropoda, for example, Anion spp., Biomphalaria spp., of soil, of cysts, the concentration of nematodes per root, the Bulinus spp., Deroceras spp., Galba spp., Lynnaea spp., 60 number of nematode eggs per Volume of soil, the motility of Oncomelania spp., Pomacea spp., Succinea spp.; the nematodes between a plant, a plant part or the soil. The animal pests being nematodes from the phylums Plathel treatment according to the invention reduces the damages minthes and Nematoda, for example, Ancylostoma duode caused by nematodes to the plant and leads to an increase in male, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma braziliensis, yield. Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia 65 “Nematodes' as used herein encompass all species of the timori, Bunostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., order Nematoda and in particular species that are parasitic or Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Dictyocaulus filaria, cause health problems to plant or to fungi (for example US 9,433,214 B2 103 104 species of the orders Aphelenchida, Meloidogyne, idogyne Chitwoodi, Meloidogyne coffeicola, Meloidogyne Tylenchida and others) or to humans and animals (for ethiopica, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne graminicola, example species of the orders Trichinellida, Tylenchida, Meloidogyne graminis, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne Rhabditina, and Spirurida) as well as other parasitic helmin incognita, Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne ths. 5 javanica, Meloidogyne kikuyensis, Meloidogyne naasi, “Nematodes' as used herein, refer to plant nematodes Meloidogyne paranaensis, Meloidogyne thanesi and the meaning plant parasitic nematodes that cause damage to sedentary parasites Meloidogyne spp. in general, Meloinema plants. Plant nematodes encompass plant parasitic nema spp., Nacobbus aberrans, Neotylenchus vigilssi, Paraph todes and nematodes living in the soil. Plant parasitic elenchus pseudoparietinus, Paratrichodorus allius, nematodes include, but are not limited to, ectoparasites Such 10 Paratrichodorus lobatus, Paratrichodorus minor, as Xiphinema spp., Longidorus spp., and Trichodorus spp.; Paratrichodorus manus, Paratrichodorus porosus, semiparasites Such as Tvlenchulus spp.; migratory endop Paratrichodorus teres and Paratrichodorus spp. in general, arasites Such as Pratylenchus spp., Radopholus spp., and Paratylenchus hamatus, Paratylenchus minutus, Paratylen Scutellonerna spp.; sedentary parasites such as Heterodera chus projectus and Paratylenchus spp. in general, Pratylen spp., Globoderal spp., and Meloidogyne spp., and stem and 15 chus agilis, Pratylenchus alleni, Pratylenchus andinus, Pra leaf endoparasites such as Dity lenchus spp., Aphelenchoides tylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus cerealis, Pratylenchus spp., and Hirshmaniella spp. Especially harmful root para coffeae, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus delaittrei, Pra sitic soil nematodes are such as cystforming nematodes of tylenchus gibbicaudatus, Pratylenchus goodevi, Pratylen the genera Heterodera or Globodera, and/or root knot chus hamatus, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus loosi, nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne. Harmful species of Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylen these genera are for example Meloidogyne incognita, Het chus pratensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus teres, erodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode), Globodera pal Pratylenchus thornei, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus lida and Globodera rostochiensis (potato cyst nematode), zeae and the migratory endoparasites Pratylenchus spp. in which species are effectively controlled with the compounds general, Pseudohalenchus minutus, Psilenchus magnidens, described herein. However, the use of the compounds 25 Psilenchus turnidus, Punctodera chalcoensis, Ouinisulcius described herein is in no way restricted to these genera or acutus, Radopholus citrophilus, Radopholus similis, the species, but also extends in the same manner to other migratory endoparasites Radopholus spp. in general, Roty nematodes. lenchulus borealis, Rotylenchulus parvus, Rotylenchulus Plant nematodes include but are not limited to e.g. Aglen reniformis and Rotylenchulus spp. in general, Rotylenchus chus agricola, Anguina tritici, Aphelenchoides arachidis, 30 laurentinus, Rotylenchus macrodoratus, Rotylenchus robus Aphelenchoides fragaria and the stem and leaf endoparasites tus, Rotylenchus uniformis and Rotylenchus spp. in general, Aphelenchoides spp. in general, Belonolaimus gracilis, Scutellonema brachyurum, Scutellonema brady's, Scutel Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Belonolaimus nortoni, Bur lonema clathricaudatum and the migratory endoparasites Saphelenchus eremus, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Bur Scutellonema spp. in general, Subanguina radiciola, Tety Saphelenchus spp. in general, Cacopaurus pestis, Cricone 35 lenchus nicotianae, Trichodorus cylindricus, Trichodorus mella curvata, Criconemella Onoensis, Criconemella minor; Trichodorus primitivus, Trichodorus proximus, ornata, Criconemella rusium, Criconemella xenoplax (-Me Trichodorus similis, Trichodorus sparsus and the ectopara SOcriconema xenoplax) and Criconemella spp. in general, sites Trichodorus spp. in general, Tvlenchorhynchus agri, Criconenoides fermiae, Criconenoides Onoense, Cri Tvlenchorhynchus brassicae, Tvlenchorhynchus clavus, conenoides ornatum and Criconenoides spp. in general, 40 Tvlenchorhynchus claytoni, Tvlenchorhynchus digitatus, Dity lenchus destructor, Dity lenchus dipsaci, Dity lenchus Tvlenchorhynchus ebriensis, Tilenchorhynchus maximus, myceliophagus and the stem and leaf endoparasites Dity len Tvlenchorhynchus nudus, Tilenchorhynchus vulgaris and chus spp. in general, Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Glo Tvlenchorhynchus spp. in general, Tvlenchulus semipen bodera pallida (-Heterodera pallida), Globodera etrans and the semiparasites Tilenchulus spp. in general, rostochiensis (potato cyst nematode), Globodera Solan 45 Xiphinema americanurn, Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema acearum, Globodera tabacum, Globodera Virginia and the dimorphicaudatum, Xiphinema index and the ectoparasites sedentary, cyst forming parasites Globodera spp. in general, Xiphinema spp. in general. Helicotylenchus digonicus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Heli Examples of nematodes to which a nematicide of the cotylenchus erythrine, Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Heli present invention is applicable include, but are not limited cotylenchus nannus, Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus and 50 to, nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne Such as the South Helicotylenchus spp. in general, Hemicriconenoides, Hemi ern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), Javanese cycliophora arenaria, Hemicycliophora nudata, Hemicy root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica), northern root cliophora parvana, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera cruci knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla), and peanut root-knot ferae, Heterodera glycines (soybean cyst nematode), nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria); nematodes of the genus Heterodera Oryzae, Heterodera Schachtii, Heterodera zeae 55 Dity lenchus such as the potato rot nematode (Dity lenchus and the sedentary, cyst forming parasites Heterodera spp. in destructor) and bulb and stem nematode (Dity lenchus general, Hirschmaniella gracilis, Hirschmaniella Oryzae dipsaci): nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus such as the Hirschmaniella spinicaudata and the stem and leaf endop cob root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans), chry arasites Hirschmaniella spp. in general, Hoplolaimus aegyp Santhemum root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus fallax), cof tii, Hoplolaimus Californicus, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hop 60 fee root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae), tea root lolaimus galeatus, Hoplolaimus indicus, Hoplolaimus lesion nematode (Pratylenchus loosi), and walnut root magnistylus, Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Longidorus africa lesion nematode (Pratylenchus vulnus); nematodes of the nus, Longidorus breviannulatus, Longidorus elongatus, genus Globodera Such as the golden nematode (Globodera Longidorus laevicapitatus, Longidorus vineacola and the rostochiensis) and potato cyst nematode (Globodera pal ectoparasites Longidorus spp. in general, Meloidogyne 65 lida); nematodes of the genus Heterodera Such as the acronea, Meloidogyne africana, Meloidogyne arenaria, Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) and Sugar beet Meloidogyne arenaria thanesi, Meloidogyne artiella, Melo cyst nematode (Heterodera Schachtii); nematodes of the US 9,433,214 B2 105 106 genus Aphelen.choides such as the rice white-tip nematode hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Pra (Aphelenchoides besseyi), chrysanthemum foliar nematode tylenchus penetrans and also consisting of Pratylenchus (Aphelenchoides ritzemabOsi), and strawberry nematode brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus scribneri, (Aphelenchoides fragariae): nematodes of the genus Aph Pratylenchus vulnus, Paratrichodorus minor, Meloidogyne elenchus Such as the mycophagous nematode (Aphelenchus exigua, Nacobbus aberrans, Globodera Solanacearum, avenae); nematodes of the genus Radopholus Such as the Dolichodorus heterocephalus, Rotylenchulus reniformis. burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis); nematodes of the The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com genus Tilenchulus such as the citrus nematode (Tvlenchulus pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in semipenetrans); nematodes of the genus Rotylenchulus Such controlling nematodes in cucurbits belonging to at least one as the reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis); nema 10 species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema todes that occur in trees, such as the pine wood nematode todes consisting of Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), and the like. hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne incognita, Roty Plants for which a nematicide of the present invention can lenchulus reniformis and also consisting of Pratylenchus be used are not particularly limited; for example, plants such thornei. as cereals (for example, rice, barley, wheat, rye, oat, corn, 15 The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com kaoliang 5 and the like), beans (soybean, aZuki, bean, broad pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in bean, peas, peanuts and the like), fruit trees/fruits (apples, controlling nematodes in cotton belonging to at least one citruses, pears, grapes, peaches, Japanese apricots, cherries, species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema walnuts, almonds, bananas, Strawberries and the like), veg todes consisting of Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Meloid etables (cabbage, tomato, spinach, broccoli, lettuce, onion, ogyne incognita, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus Welsh onion, pepper and the like), root crops (carrot, potato, galeatus, Rotylenchulus reniformis. Sweet potato, radish, lotus root, turnip and the like), indus The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com trial crops (cotton, hemp, paper mulberry, mitsumata, rape, pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in beet, hop, Sugarcane, Sugar beet, olive, rubber, coffee, controlling nematodes in corn belonging to at least one tobacco, tea and the like), pepos (pumpkin, cucumber, 25 species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema watermelon, melon and the like), pasture plants (orchard todes, especially consisting of Belonolaimus longicaudatus, grass, Sorghum, thimosy, clover, alfalfa and the like), lawn Paratrichodorus minor and also consisting of Pratylenchus grasses (mascarene grass, bent grass and the like), crops for brachyurus, Pratylenchus delaittrei, Pratylenchus hexin flavorings etc. (lavender, rosemary, thyme, parsley, pepper, cisus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus zeae, (Belono ginger and the like), and flower plants (chrysanthemum, 30 laimus gracilis), Belonolaimus nortoni, Longidorus brevi rose, orchids and the like) can be mentioned. annulatus, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne arenaria The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com thanesi, Meloidogyne graminis, Meloidogyne incognita, pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne javanica, Melo controlling nematodes in coffee belonging to at least one idogyne naasi, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera Oryzae, Het species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema 35 erodera zeae, Punctodera chalcoensis, Dity lenchus dipsaci, todes consisting of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus Hoplolaimus aegypti, Hoplolaimus magnistylus, Hoplolai coffeae, Meloidogyne exigua, Meloidogyne incognita, Melo mus galeatus, Hoplolaimus indicus, Helicotylenchus digoni idogyne coffeicola, Helicotylenchus spp. and also consisting cus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus pseudoro of Meloidogyne paranaensis, Rotylenchus spp., Xiphinema bustus, Xiphinema americanum, Dolichodorus spp., Tilenchorhynchus spp., Scutellonema spp. 40 heterocephalus, Criconemella ornata, Criconemella Onoen– Compound(s) and compositions comprising compound(s) sis, Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus borealis, Rotylenchu of the present invention is/are particularly useful in control lus parvus, Tilenchorhynchus agri, Tilenchorhynchus cla ling nematodes in potato belonging to at least one species vus, Tilenchorhynchus claytoni, Tilenchorhynchus selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nematodes maximus, Tilenchorhynchus nudus, Tilenchorhynchus vul consisting of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus prat 45 garis, Ouinisulcius acutus, Paratylenchus minutus, Hemi ensis, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pra cycliophora parvana, Aglenchus agricola, Anguina tritici, tylenchus coffeae, Dity lenchus dipsaci and also consisting of Aphelenchoides arachidis, Scutellonema brachyurum, Sub Pratylenchus alleni, Pratylenchus andinus, Pratylenchus anguina radiciola. cerealis, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus hexincisus, The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com Pratylenchus loosi, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus 50 pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in teres, Pratylenchus thornei, Pratylenchus vulnus, Belono controlling nematodes in Soybean belonging to at least one laimus longicaudatus, Trichodorus cylindricus, Trichodorus species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema primitivus, Trichodorus proximus, Trichodorus similis, todes, especially consisting of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Trichodorus sparsus, Paratrichodorus minor; Paratrichodo Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylen rus allius, Paratrichodorus manus, Paratrichodorus teres, 55 chus scribneri, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Heterodera Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne glycines, Hoplolaimus columbus and also consisting of thanesi, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne Chitwoodi, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylen Meloidogyne javanica, Nacobbus aberrans, Globodera chus neglectus, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus alleni, rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Dity lenchus destructor; Pratylenchus agilis, Pratylenchus zeae, Pratylenchus vul Radopholus similis, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Neotylenchus 60 nus, (Belonolaimus gracilis), Meloidogyne arenaria, Melo vigilssi, Paraphelenchus pseudoparietinus, Aphelenchoides idogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne fragariae, Meloinema spp. hapla, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Roty Compound(s) and compositions comprising the com lenchulus reniformis. pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com controlling nematodes in tomato belonging to at least one 65 pound(s) of the present invention is/are very particularly species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema useful in controlling nematodes in Soybean belonging to at todes consisting of Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne least one species selected from the group of the phytopara US 9,433,214 B2 107 108 sitic nematodes, especially consisting of Pratylenchus lonema brady's, Psilenchus tumidus, Psilenchus magnidens, brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus pen Pseudohalenchus minutus, Criconenoides ferniae, Cri etrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Belonolaimus longicauda conenoides Onoense, Criconenoides ornatum. tus, Hoplolaimus columbus and also consisting of Pratylen The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com chus coffeae, Pratylenchus hexincisus, Pratylenchus pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in neglectus, Pratylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus alleni, Pra controlling nematodes in grapes belonging to at least one tylenchus agilis, Pratylenchus zeae, Pratylenchus vulnus, species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema (Belonolaimus gracilis), Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloid todes, especially consisting of Pratylenchus vulnus, Melo ogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloidogyne idogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne hapla, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolaimus galeatus, Roty 10 javanica, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index and lenchulus reniformis. The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com also consisting of Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in scribneri, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus brachyu controlling nematodes in tobacco belonging to at least one rus, Pratylenchus thornei, Tilenchulus semipenetrans. species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema 15 The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com todes, especially consisting of Meloidogyne incognita, pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in Meloidogyne javanica and also consisting of Pratylenchus controlling nematodes in tree crops—pome fruits, belonging brachyurus, Pratylenchus pratensis, Pratylenchus hexin to at least one species selected from the group of the cisus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pra phytoparasitic nematodes, especially consisting of Pratylen tylenchus crenatus, Pratylenchus thornei, Pratylenchus vul chus penetrans and also consisting of Pratylenchus vulnus, nus, Pratylenchus zeae, Longidorus elongatu, Longidorus elongatus, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloid Paratrichodorus lobatus, Trichodorus spp., Meloidogyne Ogyne hapla. arenaria, Meloidogyne hapla, Globodera tabacum, Glo The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com bodera Solanacearum, Globodera virginiae, Dity lenchus pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in dipsaci, Rotylenchus spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Xiphinema 25 controlling nematodes in tree crops—Stone fruits, belonging americanum, Criconemella spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, to at least one species selected from the group of the Tvlenchorhynchus claytoni, Paratylenchus spp., Tetvlenchus phytoparasitic nematodes, especially consisting of Pratylen nicotianae. chus penetrans, Pratylenchus vulnus, Meloidogyne are The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com naria, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne javanica, Meloid pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in 30 ogyne incognita, Criconemella xenoplax and also consisting controlling nematodes in citrus belonging to at least one of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Praty species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema lenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus zeae, Belonolaimus longi todes, especially consisting of Pratylenchus coffeae and also caudatus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Xiphinema america consisting of Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus vul num, Criconemella curvata, Tvlenchorhynchus claytoni, nus, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, Paratrichodorus minor, 35 Paratylenchus hamatus, Paratylenchus projectus, Scutel Paratrichodorus porosus, Trichodorus, Meloidogyne incog lonema brachyurum, Hoplolaimus galeatus. nita, Meloidogyne incognita acrita, Meloidogyne javanica, The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com Rotylenchus macrodoratus, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphi pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in nema brevicolle, Xiphinema index, Criconemella spp., controlling nematodes in tree crops—nuts, belonging to at Hemicriconenoides, (Radopholus similis), Radopholus cit 40 least one species selected from the group of the phytopara rophilus, Hemicycliophora arenaria, Hemicycliophora sitic nematodes, especially consisting of Trichodorus spp., nudata, Tilenchulus semipenetrans. Criconemella rusium and also consisting of Pratylenchus The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com vulnus, Paratrichodorus spp., Meloidogyne incognita, Heli pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in cotylenchus spp., Tilenchorhynchus spp., Cacopaurus pes controlling nematodes in banana belonging to at least one 45 tis. species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema In a like manner, “nematodes' as used herein, refer to todes, especially consisting of Pratylenchus coffeae, Rado nematodes which cause damage to humans or animals. pholus similis and also consisting of Pratylenchus gibbi Specific nematode species harmful to humans or animals caudatus, Pratylenchus loosi, Meloidogyne spp., a. Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, 50 Trichinellida for example: Trichuris spp., Capillaria spp., Rotylenchulus spp. Trichomosoides spp., Trichinella spp. The compound(s) and compositions comprising the com From the order of the Tylenchida for example: Micronema pound(s) of the present invention is/are particularly useful in spp., Strongyloides spp. controlling nematodes in pine apple belonging to at least one From the order of the Rhabditina for example: Strongylus species selected from the group of the phytoparasitic nema 55 spp., Triodontophorus spp., Oesophagodontus spp., Tricho todes, especially consisting of Pratylenchus zeae, Pratylen nema spp., Gvalocephalus spp., Cylindropharynx spp., Pote chus pratensis, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus riostomum spp., Cyclococercus spp., Cylicostephanus spp., goodevi., Meloidogyne spp., Rotylenchulus reniformis and Oesophagostomum spp., Chabertia spp., Stephanurus spp., also consisting of Longidorus elongatus, Longidorus laevi Ancylostoma spp., Uncinaria spp., Bunostomum spp., capitatus, Trichodorus primitivus, Trichodorus minor, Het 60 Globocephalus spp., Syngamus spp., Cyathostoma spp., erodera spp., Dity lenchus myceliophagus, Hoplolaimus Metastrongylus spp., Dictyocaulus spp., Muellerius spp., Californicus, Hoplolaimus pararobustus, Hoplolaimus indi Protostrongylus spp., Neostrongylus spp., Cystocaulus spp., cus, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus nannus, Pneumostrongylus spp., Spicocaulus spp., Elaphostrongylus Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Helicotylenchus erythrine, spp. Parelaphostrongylus spp., Crenosoma spp., Paracreno Xiphinema dimorphicaudatum, Radopholus similis, Tvlen 65 Soma spp., Angiostrongylus spp., Aelurostrongylus spp., chorhynchus digitatus, Tilenchorhynchus ebriensis, Paraty Filaroides spp., Parafilaroides spp., Tricho strongylus spp., lenchus minutus, Scutellonema clathricaudatum, Scutel Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., Marshallagia spp., Coo US 9,433,214 B2 109 110 peria spp., Nematodirus spp., Hvostrongylus spp., Obelis parenterally, dermally or nasally in the form of suitable coides spp., Amidostomum spp., Ollulanus spp. preparations. Administration can be carried out prophylac From the order of the Spirurida for example: Oxyuris spp., tically or therapeutically. Enterobius spp., Passalurus spp., Syphacia spp., Aspiculuris Some phytopathogens of fungal diseases which can be spp., Heterakis spp.; Ascaris spp., Toxascaris spp., Toxocara 5 treated by the combination according to the invention com spp., Baylisascaris spp., Parascaris spp., Anisakis spp., prising compound (A), the spore-forming bacteria (B) and Ascaridia spp., Gnathostoma spp., Physaloptera spp., the biological control agents (C) may be mentioned by way Thelazia spp., Gongylonema spp., Habronema spp., Para of example, but not by way of limitation: Powdery Mildew Diseases such as Blumeria diseases bronema spp., Draschia spp., Dracunculus spp.; Stephano 10 caused for example by Blumeria graminis, Podosphaera filaria spp., Parafilaria spp., Setaria spp., Loa spp., Diro diseases caused for example by Podosphaera leucotricha, filaria spp., Litomosoides spp., Brugia spp., Wuchereria Sphaerotheca diseases caused for example by Sphaerotheca spp., Onchocerca spp. fiuliginea, Uncinula diseases caused for example by Unci Many known nematicides are equally active against other nula necator, parasitic helminths and are therefore used to control human 15 Rust Diseases such as Gymnosporangium diseases caused and animal parasitic worms, which do not necessarily for example by Gymnosporangium Sabinae, Hemileia dis belong to the group of nematoda. Therefore, it is envisaged eases caused for example by Hemileia vastatrix, Phakop by the present invention that the compounds described Sora diseases caused for example by Phakopsora pachyrhizi herein may also be used as anthelmintic drugs in a more and Phakopsora meibomiae, Puccinia diseases caused for general meaning. Pathogenic endoparasitic helminths 20 example by Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis or Puc include platyhelmintha (e.g. monogenea, cestodes and cinia Striiformis, Uromyces diseases caused for example by trematodes), acanthocephala, and pentastoma. The follow Uromyces appendiculatus, ing helminths may be mentioned by way of example and by Oomycete Diseases Such as Albugo diseases caused for way of preference but without any limitation: example by Albugo candida, Bremia diseases caused for Monogenea: e.g.: Gyrodactylus spp., Dactylogyrus spp., 25 example by Bremia lactucae, Peronospora diseases caused Polystoma spp. for example by Peronospora pisi and Peronospora brassi Cestodes: From the order of the Pseudophyllidea for cae, Phytophthora diseases caused for example by Phy example: Diphyllobothrium spp., Spirometra spp., Schisto tophthora infestans, cephalus spp., Ligula spp., Bothridium spp., Diplogonopo Plasmopara diseases caused for example by Plasmopara rus spp. 30 viticola, Pseudoperonospora diseases caused for example From the order of the Cyclophyllida for example: Meso by Pseudoperonospora humuli and Pseudoperonospora cestoides spp., Anoplocephala spp., Paranoplocephala spp., cubensis, Pythium diseases caused for example by Pythium ultimum, Moniezia spp., Thysanosoma spp., Thysaniezia spp., Avitel Leaf spot, Leaf blotch and Leaf Blight Diseases such as lina spp., Stilesia spp., Cittotaenia spp., Andyra spp., Ber 35 Alternaria diseases caused for example by Alternaria tiella spp., Taenia spp., Echinococcus spp., Hydatigera spp., Solani; Cercospora diseases caused for example by Cer Davainea spp., Raillietina spp., Hymenolepis spp., Echi cospora beticola, Cladiosporium diseases caused for molepis spp., Echinocotyle spp., Diorchis spp., Dipylidium example by Cladiosporium cucumerinum, Cochliobolus dis spp., Joyeuxiella spp., Diplopylidium spp. eases caused for example by Cochliobolus sativus (Conidi Trematodes: From the class of the Digenea for example: 40 aform. Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobo Diplostomum spp., Posthodiplostomum spp., Schistosoma lus miyabeanus, Colletotrichum diseases caused for spp., Trichobilharzia spp., Ornithobilharzia spp., Austrobil example by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Cycloconium harzia spp., Gigantobilharzia spp., Leucochloridium spp., diseases caused for example by Cycloconium Oleaginum, Brachylaima spp., Echinostoma spp., Echinoparyphium Diaporthe diseases caused for example by Diaporthe citri, spp., Echinochasmus spp., Hypoderaeum spp., Fasciola 45 Elsinoe diseases caused for example by Elsinoe fawcettii, spp., Fasciolides spp., Fasciolopsis spp., Cyclocoelum spp., Gloeosporium diseases caused for example by Gloeospo Tiphlocoelum spp., Paramphistomum spp., Calicophoron rium laeticolor, Glomerella diseases caused for example by spp., Cotylophoron spp., Gigantocotyle spp., Fischoederius Glomerella Cingulata, Guignardia diseases caused for spp., Gastrothylacus spp., Notocotylus spp., Catatropis spp., example by Guignardia bidwellii; Leptosphaeria diseases Plagiorchis spp., Prosthogonimus spp., Dicrocoelium spp., 50 caused for example by Leptosphaeria maculans and Lep Eurytrena spp., Troglotrema spp., Paragonimus spp., Col tosphaeria nodorum, Magnaporthe diseases caused for lyricium spp., Nanophyetus spp., Opisthorchis spp., example by Magnaporthe grisea, Mycosphaerella diseases Clonorchis spp., Metorchis spp., Heterophyes spp., Metago caused for example by Mycosphaerella graminicola, minus spp. Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Acantocephala: From the order of the Oligacantho 55 Phaeosphaeria diseases caused for example by Phaeospha rhynchida Z.B: Macracanthorhynchus spp., Prosthenorchis eria nodorum, Pyrenophora diseases caused for example by spp.; from the order of the Polymorphida for example: Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis, Ramu Filicollis spp.; from the order of the Moniliformida for laria—diseases caused for example by Ranularia collo example: Moniliformis spp., cygni or Ranularia areola, Rhynchosporium diseases From the order of the Echinorhynchida for example 60 caused for example by Rhynchosporium secalis, Septoria Acanthocephalus spp., Echinorhynchus spp., Leptorhyn diseases caused for example by Septoria apii and Septoria choides spp. lycopersici; Tiphula diseases caused for example by Thy Pentastoma: From the order of the Porocephalida for phula incarnata, Venturia diseases caused for example by example Linguatula spp. Venturia inaequalis, In the veterinary field and in animal keeping, the admin 65 Root-, Sheath and Stem Diseases such as Corticium istration of the active compounds according to the invention diseases caused for example by Corticium graminearum, is carried out in the known manner directly or enterally, Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium oxyspo US 9,433,214 B2 111 112 rum, Gaeumannomyces diseases caused for example by Leaf Blister or Leaf Curl Diseases including deformation Gaeumannomyces graminis, Rhizoctonia diseases caused of blooms and fruits such as Exobasidium diseases caused for example by Rhizoctonia Solani; Sarocladium diseases for example by Exobasidium vexans. caused for example by Sarocladium Oryzae, Sclerotium Taphrina diseases caused for example by Taphrina defor diseases caused for example by Sclerotium Oryzae, Tapesia mans, diseases caused for example by Tapesia acuformis. Thielavi Decline Diseases of Wooden Plants such as Esca disease opsis diseases caused for example by Thielaviopsis basi caused for example by Phaeomoniella clamydospora, Pha cola, eOacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea, Ear and Panicle Diseases including Maize cob such as Ganoderma diseases caused for example by Ganoderma 10 bominense, Rigidoporus diseases caused for example by Alternaria diseases caused for example by Alternaria spp.; Rigidoporus lignosus Aspergillus diseases caused for example by Aspergillus Diseases of Flowers and Seeds such as Botrytis diseases flavus, Cladosporium diseases caused for example by Cla caused for example by Botrytis cinerea, diosporium cladosporioides, Claviceps diseases caused for Diseases of Tubers such as Rhizoctonia diseases caused example by Claviceps purpurea, Fusarium diseases caused 15 for example by Rhizoctonia Solani; Helminthosporium dis for example by Fusarium culmorum, Gibberella diseases eases caused for example by Helminthosporium Solani; caused for example by Gibberella zeae, Monographella Club root diseases such as Plasmodiophora diseases, diseases caused for example by Monographella nivalis, cause for example by Plamodiophora brassicae. Smut- and Bunt Diseases such as Sphacelotheca diseases Diseases caused by Bacterial Organisms such as caused for example by Sphacelotheca reiliana, Tilletia dis Xanthomonas species for example Xanthomonas campestris eases caused for example by Tilletia caries, Urocystis dis pV. Oryzae, Pseudomonas species for example Pseudomonas eases caused for example by Urocystis occulta, Ustilago syringae pv. lachrymans, Erwinia species for example diseases caused for example by Ustilago nuda, Erwinia amylovora. Fruit Rot and Mould Diseases such as Aspergillus dis Preference is given to controlling the following diseases eases caused for example by Aspergillus flavus, Botrytis 25 of Soya beans: diseases caused for example by Botrytis cinerea, Penicil Fungal diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused, lium diseases caused for example by Penicillium expansium for example, by alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria spec. atrans and Penicillium purpurogenium, Rhizopus diseases caused tenuissima), anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides by example by Rhizopus stolonifer Sclerotinia diseases dematium var. truncatum), brown spot (Septoria glycines), 30 cercospora leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), choa caused for example by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Verticillium nephora leaf blight (Choanephora infindibulifera trispora diseases caused for example by Verticillium alboatrum; (Syn.)), dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactuliophora glycines), Seed- and Soilborne Decay, Mould, Wilt, Rot and Damp downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), drechslera ing-off diseases caused for example by Alternaria diseases blight (Drechslera glycini), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora caused for example by Alternaria brassicicola, Aphanomy 35 soina), leptosphaerulina leaf spot (Leptosphaerulina trifo ces diseases caused for example by Aphanomyces euteiches, lii), phyllostica leaf spot (Phyllosticta sojaecola), pod and Ascochyta diseases caused for example by Ascochyta lentis, stem blight (Phomopsis sojae), powdery mildew (Mi Aspergillus diseases caused for example by Aspergillus crosphaera diffusa), pyrenochaeta leaf spot (Pyrenochaeta flavus, Cladosporium diseases caused for example by Cla glycines), rhizoctonia aerial, foliage, and web blight dosporium herbarum, Cochliobolus diseases caused for 40 (Rhizoctonia Solani), rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Phakop example by Cochliobolus sativus: (Conidiaform. Sora meibomiae), Scab (Sphaceloma glycines), Stemphylium Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium); Colletotri leaf blight (Stemphylium botryosum), target spot (Coryne chum diseases caused for example by Colletotrichum coc spora Cassicola). codes, Fusarium diseases caused for example by Fusarium Fungal diseases on roots and the stem base caused, for culmorum, Gibberella diseases caused for example by Gib 45 example, by black root rot (Calonectria crotalariae), char berella zeae, Macrophomina diseases caused for example by coal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina), fitsarium blight or Macrophomina phaseolina, Microdochium diseases caused wilt, root rot, and pod and collar rot (Fusarium oxysporum, for example by Microdochium nivale, Monographella dis Fusarium Orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium eases caused for example by Monographella nivalis, Peni equiseti), mycoleptodiscus root rot (Mycoleptodiscus ter cillium diseases caused for example by Penicillium expan 50 restris), neocosmospora (Neocosmopspora vasinfecta), pod sum, Phoma diseases caused for example by Phoma lingam, and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum), stem canker Phomopsis diseases caused for example by Phomopsis (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora), phytophthora rot sojae, Phytophthora diseases caused for example by Phy (Phytophthora megasperma), brown stem rot (Phialophora tophthora cactorum, Pyrenophora diseases caused for gregata), pythium rot (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium example by Pyrenophora graminea, Pyricularia diseases 55 irregulare, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, caused for example by Pyricularia Oryzae, Pythium diseases Pythium ultimum), rhizoctonia root rot, stem decay, and caused for example by Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia dis damping-off (Rhizoctonia Solani), Sclerotinia stem decay eases caused for example by Rhizoctonia Solani; Rhizopus (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), sclerotinia Southern blight (Scle diseases caused for example by Rhizopus Oryzae, Sclerotium rotinia rolfsii), thielaviopsis root rot (Thielaviopsis basi diseases caused for example by Sclerotium rolfsii; Septoria 60 Cola). diseases caused for example by Septoria nodorum, Tiphula It is also possible to control resistant strains of the diseases caused for example by Tiphula incarnata, Verti organisms mentioned above. cillium diseases caused for example by Verticillium dahlias, Phytopathogens capable of degrading or changing the Canker, Broom and Dieback Diseases such as Nectria industrial materials which may be mentioned are, for diseases caused for example by Nectria galligena, 65 example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms. Blight Diseases Such as Monilinia diseases caused for The active compound combinations and compositions example by Monilinia laxa, according to the invention preferably act against phyto US 9,433,214 B2 113 114 pathogens, in particular moulds, wood-discolouring and According to the invention, post-harvest and storage wood-destroying fungi (Basidiomycetes) and against Slime diseases may be caused for example by the following fungi. organisms and algae. Phytopathogens of the following gen Colletotrichum spp., e.g. Colletotrichum musae, Colletotri era may be mentioned as examples: Alternaria, such as chum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum coccodes, Fusarium Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus, Such as Aspergillus niger; spp., e.g. Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium moniliforme, Chaetomium, Such as Chaetomium globosum, Coniophora, Fusarium Solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium spp., Such as Coniophora puetana, Lentinus, such as Lentinus e.g. Verticillium theobromae, Nigrospora spp., Botrytis spp., tigrinus, Penicillium, Such as Penicillium glaucum, Polypo e.g. Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum spp., e.g. Geotrichum rus, Such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, Such as candidum, Phomopsis spp., Phomopsis natalensis, Diplodia Aureobasidium pullulans, Sclerophoma. Such as Sclero 10 spp., e.g. Diplodia citri. Alternaria spp., e.g. Alternaria phoma pityophila, Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma citri, Alternaria alternata, Phytophthora spp., e.g. Phy viride, Escherichia. Such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, tophthora citrophthora, Phytophthora fragariae, Phy Such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus, Such tophthora cactorum, Phytophthora parasitica, Septoria as Staphylococcus aureus. spp., e.g. Septoria depressa, Mucor spp., e.g. Mucor piri In addition, the combination comprising (A) Fluopyram, 15 formis, Monilinia spp., e.g. Monilinia fructigena, Monilinia (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the genera Bacillus, and laxa, Venturia spp., e.g. Venturia inaequalis, Venturia (C) a biological control agent, in particular bacteria, fungi or pyrina, Rhizopus spp., e.g. Rhizopus stolonifer; Rhizopus yeasts, protozoa, viruses, entomopathogenic nematodes, Oryzae, Glomerella spp., e.g. Glomerella cingulata, Sclero inoculants, botanicals and products produced by microor tinia spp., e.g. Sclerotinia fruiticola, Ceratocystis spp., e.g. ganisms including proteins or secondary metabolites, par Ceratocystis paradoxa, Penicillium spp., e.g. Penicillium ticularly (C8.1) Harpin according to the invention also have finiculosum, Penicillium expansium, Penicillium digitatum, very good antimycotic activity. They have a very broad Penicillium italicum, Gloeosporium spp., e.g. Gloeosporium antimycotic activity spectrum in particular against dermato album, Gloeosporium perennans, Gloeosporium fructige phytes and yeasts, moulds and diphasic fungi (for example num, Gloeosporium singulata, Phlyctaena spp., e.g. Phlyc against Candida species such as Candida albicans, Candida 25 taena vagabunda, Cylindrocarpon spp., e.g. Cylindrocar glabrata) and Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus spe pon malii Stemphyllium spp., e.g. Stemphyllium vesicarium, cies such as Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, Phacydiopycnis spp., e.g. Phacydiopycnis malirum, Trichophyton species such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Thielaviopsis spp., e.g. Thielaviopsis paradoxy, Aspergillus Microsporon species such as Microsporon canis and aud spp., e.g. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carbonarius, Nec ouinii. The list of these fungi by no means limits the mycotic 30 tria spp., e.g. Nectria galligena, Pezicula spp. spectrum which can be covered, but is only for illustration. According to the invention, post-harvest storage disorders When applying the compounds or the active compound are for example scald, scorch, softening, senescent break combination according to the invention the application rates down, lenticel spots, bitter pit, browning, water core, vas can be varied within a broad range. The dose of active cular breakdown, CO injury, CO deficiency and O. defi compound combination/application rate usually applied in 35 ciency. the method of treatment according to the invention is Furthermore combinations and compositions according to generally and advantageously the invention may also be used to reduce the contents of for treatment of part of plants, e.g. leaves (foliar treat mycotoxins in plants and the harvested plant material and ment): from 0.01 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably from 50 to therefore in foods and animal feed stuff made therefrom. 1,000 g/ha, more preferably from 100 to 750 g/ha; in 40 Especially but not exclusively the following mycotoxins can case of drench or drip application, the dose can even be be specified: Deoxynivalenole (DON), Nivalenole, 15-Ac reduced, especially while using inert Substrates like DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2-und HT2-Toxins, Fumonisines, rockwool or perlite; Zearalenone Moniliformine, Fusarine, Diaceotoxyscirpe for seed treatment: from 2 to 250 g per 100 kg of seed, nole (DAS), Beauvericine, Enniatine, Fusaroproliferine, preferably from 3 to 200 g per 100 kg of seed, more 45 Fusarenole, Ochratoxines, Patuline, Ergotalkaloides und preferably from 2.5 to 50 g per 100 kg of seed, even Aflatoxins, which are caused for example by the following more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seed; fungal diseases: Fusarium spec., like Fusarium acumina for soil treatment: from 0.01 to 10,000 g/ha, preferably tum, F, avenaceum, F. Crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. from 1 to 5,000 g/ha. graminearum (Gibberella zeae), F equiseti, F. fijikoroi, F. The doses herein indicated are given as illustrative 50 musarum, F. Oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudo examples of the method according to the invention. A person graminearum, F. Sambucinum, F. Scirpi, F. Semitectum, F. skilled in the art will know how to adapt the application Solani, F. Sporotrichoides, F. langsethiae, F subglutinans, F. doses, notably according to the nature of the plant or crop to tricinctum, F. verticillioides and others but also by Asper be treated. gillus spec., Penicillium spec., Claviceps purpurea, Stachy The active compound combination or composition 55 botry's spec. and others. according to the invention can be used in order to protect The good fungicidal or insecticidal or nematicidal activity plants within a certain time range after the treatment against of the active compound combinations according to the pests or phytopathogenic fungi or microorganisms. The time invention is evident from the example below. While the range, in which protection is effected, spans in general 1 to individual active compounds exhibit weaknesses with 28 days, preferably 1 to 14 days, more preferably 1 to 10 60 regard to the fungicidal or insecticidal or nematicidal activ days, even more preferably 1 to 7 days after the treatment of ity, the combinations have an activity which exceeds a the plants with the combinations or up to 200 days after the simple addition of activities. treatment of plant propagation material. A synergistic effect of the combinations according to the The application of the active compound combination or invention is always present when the fungicidal or nemati compositions according to the invention on growing plants 65 cidal or nematicidal activity of the active compound com or plant parts can also be used to protect plants or plant parts binations exceeds the total of the activities of the active after harvesting. compounds when applied individually. US 9,433,214 B2 115 116 The expected activity for a given combination of two amount of solvent, and the concentrate is diluted with water active compounds can be calculated as follows (cf. Colby, S. to the desired concentration. The preparation of the bacteria, R., "Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of fungi or yeast products contains 10-10" spores/g or cells/g. Herbicide Combinations”, Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22): To produce a Suitable preparation of a biological Suspension If 5 the cells or spores are diluted with emulsifier-containing X is the efficacy when active compound A is applied at an water to the desired concentration. application rate of m ppm (or g/ha), Y is the efficacy when active compound B is applied at an Vessels are filled with sand, a solution of the active application rate of n ppm (or g/ha), ingredient, a suspension containing eggs and larvae of Z is the efficacy when employing active compound C at an 10 Meloidogyne incognita and salad seeds. The salad seeds application rate of r ppm (or g/ha), germinate and the seedlings grow. Galls develop in the roots. E" is the efficacy when the active compounds A and B (or A and C, or B and C) are applied at application rates of m After the specified period of time the nematicidal activity and n (or m and r, or n and r) ppm (org/ha), respectively, is determined on the basis of the percentage of gall forma and tion. When Meloidogyne incognita attacks roots of plants, it E2 is the efficacy when employing active compounds A and 15 B and C at application rates of m and n and r ppm (or deforms the normal root cells and establishes giant cells and g/ha), consequently the attacked roots form galls. 100% means that then no galls were found: 0% means that the number of galls found on the roots of the treated plants was equal to that in untreated control plants. Ei = x + Y-Allr - to The following combinations of Bacillus firmus CNCM I-1582, Fluopyram and an additional compound showed a synergistic effect according to the invention:

Concentration Active ingredient ppm Mortality in % after 21 Bacilius firmus CNCM I-1582 100 O Fluopyram O.OOOS O Bacilius thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis 10 O obs.* cal.**

Bacilius firmus CNCM I-1582 + Fluopyram + 100 + O.OOO5 - 10 90 O B. thuringiensis tenebrionis Metarhizium anisopliae strain F52 5 O obs.* cal.**

Bacilius firmus CNCM I-1582 + Fluopyram + 100 + O.OOO5 - 5 70 O M. anisopiae strain F52 *obs. = observed insecticidal efficacy, **cal. = efficacy calculated with Colby-formula and for a combination of 3 active compounds: The invention claimed is: 1. An active compound combination comprising: (A) Fluopyram, 45 (B) a spore-forming bacterium of the general Bacillus, E = x + Y + Z-( 100 10000 Selected from the group consisting of Bacillus firmus, and The degree of efficacy, expressed in % is denoted. 0% (C) at least one biological control agent selected from the means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control group consisting of (C1.27) Bacillus thuringiensis and while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed. 50 (C2.9) Metarhizium anisopliae, wherein A, B and C If the actual fungicidal or nematicidal activity exceeds the together exhibits a synergistic effect. calculated value, then the activity of the combination is 2. The active compound combination according to claim Superadditive, i.e. a synergistic effect exists. In this case, the 1, wherein the combination has fungicidal and nematicidal efficacy which was actually observed must be greater than and optionally insecticidal activity. the value for the expected efficacy (E) calculated from the 55 3. The active compound combination according to claim abovementioned formula. A further way of demonstrating a 1, wherein the spore-forming bacterium (B) of the genera synergistic effect is the method of Tammes (cf. “Isoboles, a Bacillus is graphic representation of synergism in pesticides' in Neth, J. (B1) Bacillus firmus strain CNCM I-1582. Plant Path., 1964, 70, 73-80). 60 4. The active compound combination according to claim Example 1 1, wherein (C) is selected from the group consisting of (C1) Meloidogyne incognita Test (MELGIN) (C1.27d) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 and Solvent: 125.0 parts by weight of acetone 65 (C2.9) Metarhizium anisopliae, strain F52 (DSM 3884, To produce a Suitable preparation of active compound, 1 ATTC 90448) or var. acridum isolate IMI 330189/ part by weight of active compound is mixed with the stated ARSEF 7486. US 9,433,214 B2 117 118 5. A composition comprising the active compound com according to claim 1 for improvement of plant properties bination according to claim 1 and further comprising at least comprising one or more of better growth or increased one of an auxiliary, Solvent, carrier, Surfactant and/or harvest yields or a better developed root system or a larger extender. leaf area or greener leaves or stronger shoots. 6. A method for controlling insects, nematodes or phyto 12. The method according to claim 6, wherein nematodes pathogens comprising applying the active compound com are controlled. bination according to claim 1 to seed, a plant, to fruit of a 13. The combination according to claim 1, wherein the plant and/or to Soil on which a plant grows and/or will grow. (C) at least one biological control agent comprises Metar 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the plant, the hizium anisopliae strain F52 (DSM 3884, ATCC 90448). fruit of the plant and/or the soil on which the plant grows 10 and/or will grow is treated. 14. The combination according to claim 1, wherein the 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in treatment (C) at least one biological control agent comprises (C1.27d) of leaves, from 0.01 to 10 000 g/ha is applied and in the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176. treatment of seed, from 2 to 200 g per 100 kg of seed is 15. The combination according to claim 1, wherein the applied. 15 only active components in the combination are actives (A), 9. The method according to claim 6, comprising treating (B) and (C). a, seed of a transgenic plant and/or a transgenic plant with 16. The combination according to claim 2, wherein the the active compound combination. (C) at least one biological control agent comprises Metar 10. Seed treated with the active compound combination hizium aniisopliae strain F52. according to claim 1. 17. The combination according to claim 2, wherein the 11. A method of treating a plant comprising applying to (C) at least one biological control agent comprises Bacillus seed, a plant, to fruit of a plant and/or to Soil on which a plant thuringiensis Subsp. tenebrionis. grows and/or will grow the active compound combination k k k k k