Capitolo I - L'epigrafe Dell'altare Di Ratchis
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By Rachel Stone
Exploring minor clerics in early medieval Tuscany by Rachel Stone Reti Medievali Rivista, 18, 1 (2017) <http://www.retimedievali.it> Firenze University Press Reti Medievali Rivista, 18, 1 (2017) <http://rivista.retimedievali.it> ISSN 1593-2214 © 2017 Firenze University Press DOI 10.6092/1593-2214/5076 Exploring minor clerics in early medieval Tuscany* by Rachel Stone The article examines minor clerics (clerici) in Carolingian texts. Comparing episcopal capitu- laries from Italy and Francia suggests that clerici played a more prominent role in Italian church life. An analysis of charters from the monastery of Monte Amiata reveals a high proportion of clerici. They appear as a rurally-based group, with varying levels of education, but of some local social standing, and were often mature men with children. The prevalence of such clerici may be related to the northern Italian structure of pievi, and the opportunities these provided for mixed patterns of father-son and uncle-nephew inheritance of church office. The blurring of the lay/clerical divide by such clerici may have particularly worried eleventh-century church reformers coming to Italy from other regions of Western Europe. Il saggio intende fornire una panoramica sui chierici minori nelle fonti di età carolingia, che, a partire dai capitolari episcopali, mostrano un ruolo assai più rilevante in area italica rispetto alle coeve dinamiche osservabili sul suolo francese. Tra le fonti, sono soprattutto le carte – det- tagliatamente analizzate – provenienti dall’archivio del monastero di San Salvatore al Monte Amiata a mostrare una consistente presenza di clerici. Essi appaiono generalmente come un gruppo a forte radicamento rurale, differenziato al proprio interno secondo livelli non omo- genei di educazione e alfabetizzazione, ma di una qualche eminenza sociale in ambito locale e con larga presenza di individui adulti con prole. -
Guido M. Berndt the Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches
The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy 299 Guido M. Berndt The Armament of Lombard Warriors in Italy. Some Historical and Archaeological Approaches Early medieval Europe has often been branded as they have entered upon the sacred soil of Italy, a violent dark age, in which fierce warlords, war- speaks of mere savage delight in bloodshed and riors and warrior-kings played a dominant role in the rudest forms of sensual indulgence; they are the political structuring of societies. Indeed, one the anarchists of the Völkerwanderung, whose de- quite familiar picture is of the early Middle Ages as light is only in destruction, and who seem inca- a period in which armed conflicts and military life pable of culture”.5 This statement was but one in were so much a part of political and cultural devel- a long-lasting debate concerning one particular opment, as well as daily life, that a broad account question that haunted (mainly) Italian historians of the period is to large extent a description of how and antiquarians especially in the nineteenth cen- men went to war.1 Even in phases of peace, the tury – although it had its roots in the fifteenth conduct of warrior-elites set many of the societal century – regarding the role that the Lombards standards. Those who held power in society typi- played in the history of the Italian nation.6 Simply cally carried weapons and had a strong inclination put, the question was whether the Lombards could to settle disputes by violence, creating a martial at- have contributed anything positive to the history mosphere to everyday life in their realms. -
Consensus and Assemblies in the Romano-Germanic Kingdoms: Acomparativeapproach
Consensus and Assemblies in the Romano-Germanic Kingdoms: aComparativeApproach Chris Wickham (Oxford) One of our best sources for the construction of consensus in the early middle ages is Nit- hard’s ›Historiarum libri‹, which is mostly an eye-witness accountofhis cousin Charles the Bald’s preparations and politics in the Frankish civil warperiodof840–3.Anotable feature of that politics is the degree to which Charles tookadvice fromassemblies, called variously conventus, concilium and placitum,aswell as small groups of partecipes secre- torum,confidential advisors. It is in fact striking, and an intrinsic part of Nithard’s con- struction of Charles as the good king as opposed to his treacherousbrother Lothar, that Charles seeks advice constantly, whereas Lotharisnever depicted as doingso. (The third brother, Louisthe German, seeks advice when he is with Charles.) In May 841, in par- ticular, Charles »initiatedaconcilium, so as to decide how he might be seen to act more thoughtfully (consultius)to- wards [Lothar] henceforth. Some said that, since his mother [Judith] wascoming with the Aquitai- nians, he should go to meet her; but the majority (maxima pars)argued that he should rapidly march against Lothar, or anyway, they said, he should await his arrival wherever he chose –aboveall because, if he began to change his route in any way, everyone would conclude that he had taken flight; this would make Lothar and his men bolder, and those who up till now had joined neither side because of fear would expect to flow to him everywhere, which indeed happened.For, although with difficulty (difficile), the opinion of the former prevailed, so Charles went to the city of Châlons, and met his mother and the Aquitanians there […].«1) It is fairly rare in our early medieval sources to hear of formal disagreements in public meetings, which in this case were only decided difficile;and it is also striking here that Charles heard bothsides and went with the minority,eventhough Nithard thought he 1) Nithard, Historiarum libri IV, ed. -
Public Vs. Private Enforcement of the Law in the Early Middle Ages: Fifth to Twelfth Centuries
Chicago-Kent Law Review Volume 70 Issue 4 Symposium on Ancient Law, Economics & Society Part I: The Development of Law in Classical and Early Medieval Europe / Article 9 Symposium on Ancient Law, Economics & Society Part I: The Development of Law in the Ancient Near East June 1995 Public vs. Private Enforcement of the Law in the Early Middle Ages: Fifth to Twelfth Centuries Katherine Fischer Drew Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Katherine F. Drew, Public vs. Private Enforcement of the Law in the Early Middle Ages: Fifth to Twelfth Centuries, 70 Chi.-Kent L. Rev. 1583 (1995). Available at: https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/cklawreview/vol70/iss4/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Chicago-Kent Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarly Commons @ IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. PUBLIC VS. PRIVATE ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES: FIFTH TO TWELFTH CENTURIES KATHERINE FISCHER DREw* Considerable scholarly attention has been given to the shift from private to public justice accompanying the development of the mod- ern state system of western Europe. Various explanations have been given that cover such diverse trends as the growth of more rational thought accompanying the renaissance of the twelfth century and the rediscovery of the classical Roman law as contained in Justinian's Corpus Iuris Civilis in the late eleventh and twelfth centuries. -
Capitolo II - La Composizione Dell'altare Di Ratchis
Capitolo II - La composizione dell'altare di Ratchis Sunto: nel tentativo di individuare l'epoca di realizzazione dell'altare "di Ratchis" si esamina la struttura se a blocco o a mensa, la decorazione scultorea delle singole lastre, la scenografia, la figurazione singola, le caratteristiche dell'arte altomedievale ed una sua periodizzazione. Si conclude per l'inizio del VII secolo, 606-611 circa come data più ragionevole per la realizzazione almeno del paliotto frontale della Maiestas Christi. L'altare di Ratchis ♣ Se l'altare di Ratchis è un'opera "coinvolta" nella riforma Pemmone- Ratchis (720-725 c.) solo come obiettivo, magari privilegiato, di un programma di ristrutturazione generale degli edifici di culto ariani del ducato friulano, è necessario datarlo in altri contesti storico-artistici che ne giustifichino la possibilità, lo stile ed il messaggio. Iniziamo dall'analisi degli elementi formali che la tradizione ha sempre privilegiato. Già l'ammettere l'integrità di quest'opera è tale miracolo da rappresentare un unicum per un'epoca disastrata. Non esistono monumenti e manufatti altomedievali che siano giunti integri sino a noi, senza manipolazioni, falsificazioni, distruzioni, reimpieghi che non ne rendano problematica la ricostruzione e la datazione. Solo un’eccessiva consuetudine può permettere di dire che sull'alto medioevo «ormai quello che si poteva scovare di documentazione è stato scovato (salvo l'ausilio di ritrovamenti archeologici)» (MOR 1980, p. 232). L'esperienza insegna che anche il più scontato documento è ricchissimo di indicazioni, praticamente inesauribile; basta un nuovo punto di vista, nuovi strumenti tecnici e si spalancano prospettive culturali inedite. Di per sé il documento contiene tutto come il frammento eucaristico: è chi lo legge che vi trova solo ciò che cerca. -
Appendix Epsilon
Appendix Epsilon: The Pavia Intellectual Line Connecting brothers of Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell University, tracing their fraternal Big Brother/Little Brother line to tri-Founder John Andrew Rea (1869) John Andrew Rea, tri-founder of Phi Kappa Psi at Cornell . . was advised by Andrew Dickson White, . Olybrius was nephew to Flavius President of Cornell . Maximus . who was lectured by, and referred Jack . Flavius Maximus was grandson to Sextus Rea to, Washington Irving . Probus . and then through the Halle line, Appendix . Sextus Probus was son-in-law and first Delta, to the University of Pavia . cousin to Quintus Olybrius . . Pavia was elevated by the Carolingian . Quintus Olybrius was the son of to Clodius Emperor Lothair . Celsinus Adelphus spouse to Faltonia Betitia Proba . whose grandfather deposed the last . all of the above were Neo-Platonists in the Lombardic king Desiderius . tradition of Plotinus . who ruled in succession to the founder of . Plotimus was a student of Ammonius, he of his dynasty, Alboin . Numenius, he of Pythagoras, he of Pherecydes . Alboin forcefully married Rosamund, . Pythagoras also studied under princess of the Gepids . Anaximenes, he under Anaximander, he under Thales . Rosamund was daugther to Cunimund, last . king of the Gepids. Thales studied in the school of Egyption priest Petiese, who was invested by king Psamtik . the story of Cunimund’s court was . who served under Assyria king preserved by Cassiodorus . Esarhaddon, successor to Sennencherib . . Cassiodorus succeeded Boethius as first . successor to the two Sargons . Minister to the Ostrogoths . Boethius was grandson of Emperor Olybrius . Below we present short biographies of the Pavia intellectual line of the Phi Kappa Psi Fraternity at Cornell University. -
Queenship, Intrigue and Blood-Feud: Deciphering the Causes of The
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2013 Queenship, intrigue and blood-feud: deciphering the causes of the Merovingian civil wars, 561-613 Brandon Taylor Craft Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Craft, Brandon Taylor, "Queenship, intrigue and blood-feud: deciphering the causes of the Merovingian civil wars, 561-613" (2013). LSU Master's Theses. 3931. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/3931 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. QUEENSHIP, INTRIGUE AND BLOOD-FEUD: DECIPHERING THE CAUSES OF THE MEROVINGIAN CIVIL WARS, 561-613 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in The Department of History by Brandon Taylor Craft B.A., Louisiana State University, 2010 December 2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank Professor Maribel Dietz for her guidance and support. Thanks also to Professors Christine Kooi and Steven Ross for their participation on my thesis panel. Their suggestions were invaluable to my final draft. I would also like to thank Professor Kristopher Fletcher; without his class and advice, producing the translations necessary for this thesis would have been a monumental task. -
Columbanus, Bobbio, and the Lombards
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università degli Studi di Venezia Ca' Foscari OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF – FIRSTPROOFS, Mon Jan 08 2018, NEWGEN 14 Columbanus, Bobbio, and the Lombards STEFANO GASPARRI The impacts of Columbanus and Irish monasticism on the Lombard and Frankish kingdoms difered sharply, to the extent that Bobbio remained the only Columbanian monastery in Italy. Tis fact is well known, although a defnitive explanation has yet to be provided.1 One of the chief difculties in fnding such an explanation derives from the sheer scarcity of the Italian sources in the period between the end of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh centuries. Paul the Deacon, who is our main point of reference for the entire history of Lombard Italy from the invasion until the end of the reign of King Liutprand (744), writes, for example, about Arioald (626– 635) that “very little about the deeds of this king have reached our notice.” Something similar could be said of practically the entire period, with a few exceptions that we dis- cuss below. Immediately afer that statement, Paul describes the foundation of Bobbio itself: It was about this time that the blessed Columbanus, born of the Irish people, came to Italy afer he had built a monastery at a place known as Luxeuil in Gaul. He was received joyfully by the king of the Lombards and built the monastery known as Bobbio in the Cottian Alps, which lies 40 miles away from the city of Ticinum. Many possessions were lavished on this place by diferent princes and other Lombards and here there devel- oped a great congregation of monks.2 Besides this passage, Bobbio only appears on one other occasion in the Historia Langobardorum, in Paul’s description of the provinces of Italy. -
The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages
THE USES OF THE PAST IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES YITZHAK HEN AND MATTHEW INNES The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge , http://www.cup.cam.ac.uk West th Street, New York -, http://www.cup.org Stamford Road, Oakleigh, Melbourne , Australia © Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typeset in Baskerville /.pt [] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data The uses of the past in the early Middle Ages/edited by Yitzhak Hen and Matthew Innes. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. --- (hb) --- (pb) . Middle Ages – Historiography Congresses. I. Hen, Yitzhak. II. Innes, Matthew. . . –dc - hardback paperback Contents List of contributors page vii Acknowledgements viii List of abbreviations ix Introduction: using the past, interpreting the present, influencing the future Matthew Innes Memory, identity and power in Lombard Italy Walter Pohl Memory and narrative in the cult of early Anglo-Saxon saints Catherine Cubitt The uses of the Old Testament in early medieval canon law: the Collectio Vetus Gallica and the Collectio Hibernensis Rob Meens The transmission -
Laura Chinellato, Arte Longobarda in Friuli: L'ara Di Ratchis a Cividale. La
Cahiers de civilisation médiévale Xe-XIIe siècle 238 | 2017 Varia Laura CHINELLATO, Arte longobarda in Friuli: l’ara di Ratchis a Cividale. La ricerca e la riscoperta delle policromie Piotr Skubiszewski Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ccm/5995 DOI : 10.4000/ccm.5995 ISSN : 2119-1026 Éditeur Centre d'études supérieures de civilisation médiévale Édition imprimée Date de publication : 1 avril 2017 Pagination : 170-174 ISSN : 0007-9731 Référence électronique Piotr Skubiszewski, « Laura CHINELLATO, Arte longobarda in Friuli: l’ara di Ratchis a Cividale. La ricerca e la riscoperta delle policromie », Cahiers de civilisation médiévale [En ligne], 238 | 2017, mis en ligne le 01 juin 2017, consulté le 23 février 2021. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ccm/5995 ; DOI : https:// doi.org/10.4000/ccm.5995 La revue Cahiers de civilisation médiévale est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International. 741170200_INT_ Cah civilisation 238.pdf - Juin 29, 2017 - 08:30:58 - 58 sur 112 - 210 x 270 mm - BAT DILA 170 CAHIERS DE CIVILISATION MÉDIÉVALE, 60, 2017 COMPTES RENDUS Laura CHINELLATO. ‒ Arte longobarda in Friuli: l’ara d’emblée que l’A. fait preuve d’une approche métho- di Ratchis a Cividale. La ricerca e la riscoperta dologique qui ne veut négliger aucun problème relatif delle policromie. Udine, Forum Editrice Univer- à l’étude d’un autel historié du Haut Moyen Âge. sitaria Udinese, 2016, 264 p. Appuyée sur une belle érudition dont témoignent Bien que l’objet de cette monographie, le cippe de 512 titres réunis dans la bibliographie, L. -
The Life of Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
9 KE. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 http://www.archive.org/details/lifeofcharlernagnOOhodg CHARLEMAGNE. liiitiiit; 1)V Alln't'clil I>iirt*r. THE LIFE OF CHARLEMAGNE (CHARLES THE GREAT) By THOMAS HODGKIN, D.C.L with notes By henry KETCHAM A. L. BURT COMPANY, J- J^ J^ J- .* .?fc ot PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK Copjmght, 1909, By E. A- BRAINERD. B PREFACE. In attempting to compress the history of the great Emperor Ciiarles within the narrow limits of the present vohime, I have undertaken a difficult task, and I trust that my fellow-historians will consider, not how much has been omitted, but how much, or rather how little, it was possible to insert. It may be thought that I might have gained space •*d by proceeding at once to the beginning of Charles's h>-^ own reign instead of devoting more than eighty • pages to his predecessors, but this did not seem to me possible. The great Emperor was the last terra of an ascending series —nobles, mayors of the palace, kings ; and in order to understand the law of the series it is absolutely necessary to study some of its earlier members. A few words as to our authorities. For the period before the accession of Pippin our chief authority is the chronicle which is known by the name of Fredegarius, very meagre, and written in barbarous 1) Latin, but honest ; then a still more miserable con- . tinuation of this work by an unknown scribe ; and K/ lastly, a much better performance, from a literary --- point of view, The Lives of the Bishops of Metz^ by • Paulus Diaconus. -
The Principle of the Personality of Law in the Early Middle Ages: a Chapter in the Evolution of Western Legal Institutions and Ideas
University of Miami Law Review Volume 21 Number 2 Article 1 1-1-1966 The Principle of the Personality of Law in the Early Middle Ages: A Chapter in the Evolution of Western Legal Institutions and Ideas Simeon L. Guterman Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr Part of the Jurisprudence Commons Recommended Citation Simeon L. Guterman, The Principle of the Personality of Law in the Early Middle Ages: A Chapter in the Evolution of Western Legal Institutions and Ideas, 21 U. Miami L. Rev. 259 (1966) Available at: https://repository.law.miami.edu/umlr/vol21/iss2/1 This Leading Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Miami Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Miami School of Law Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI LAW REVIEW VOLUME 21 WINTER 1966 NUMBER 2 THE PRINCIPLE OF THE PERSONALITY OF LAW IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES: A CHAPTER IN THE EVOLUTION OF WESTERN LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND IDEAS SIMEON L. GUTERMAN* I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................ 261 II. ORIGIN AND GROWTH ...................................................... 265 A. The Barbarian Invasions and their Effects .............................. 265 B . O rigins ............................................................... 269 C. Dualistic Systems ............. .............................. 277 D. Growth of the Frankish Regime of Personal Laws ....................... 286 III. THE FRANKISH SYSTEM OF PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW ...................... 296 A. The National Law of the Individual .................................... 296 B. Conflicts of Law in the Frankish Empire ................................ 306 IV. THE Co oN LAWS OF THE FRANKISH EMPIRE .............................