Training Module on Service Contract Agreements for Wastewater Management in Gram Panchayats
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Geological Timeline
Geological Timeline In this pack you will find information and activities to help your class grasp the concept of geological time, just how old our planet is, and just how young we, as a species, are. Planet Earth is 4,600 million years old. We all know this is very old indeed, but big numbers like this are always difficult to get your head around. The activities in this pack will help your class to make visual representations of the age of the Earth to help them get to grips with the timescales involved. Important EvEnts In thE Earth’s hIstory 4600 mya (million years ago) – Planet Earth formed. Dust left over from the birth of the sun clumped together to form planet Earth. The other planets in our solar system were also formed in this way at about the same time. 4500 mya – Earth’s core and crust formed. Dense metals sank to the centre of the Earth and formed the core, while the outside layer cooled and solidified to form the Earth’s crust. 4400 mya – The Earth’s first oceans formed. Water vapour was released into the Earth’s atmosphere by volcanism. It then cooled, fell back down as rain, and formed the Earth’s first oceans. Some water may also have been brought to Earth by comets and asteroids. 3850 mya – The first life appeared on Earth. It was very simple single-celled organisms. Exactly how life first arose is a mystery. 1500 mya – Oxygen began to accumulate in the Earth’s atmosphere. Oxygen is made by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) as a product of photosynthesis. -
Configuring a Scatological Gaze in Trash Filmmaking Zoe Gross
Excremental Ecstasy, Divine Defecation and Revolting Reception: Configuring a Scatological Gaze in Trash Filmmaking Zoe Gross Scatology, for all the sordid formidability the term evokes, is not an es- pecially novel or unusual theme, stylistic technique or descriptor in film or filmic reception. Shit happens – to emphasise both the banality and perva- siveness of the cliché itself – on multiple levels of textuality, manifesting it- self in both the content and aesthetic of cinematic texts, and the ways we respond to them. We often refer to “shit films,” using an excremental vo- cabulary redolent of detritus, malaise and uncleanliness to denote their otherness and “badness”. That is, films of questionable taste, aesthetics, or value, are frequently delineated and defined by the defecatory: we describe them as “trash”, “crap”, “filth”, “sewerage”, “shithouse”. When considering cinematic purviews such as the b-film, exploitation, and shock or trash filmmaking, whose narratives are so often played out on the site of the gro- tesque body, a screenscape spectacularly splattered with bodily excess and waste is de rigeur. Here, the scatological is both often on blatant dis- play – shit is ejected, consumed, smeared, slung – and underpining or tinc- turing form and style, imbuing the text with a “shitty” aesthetic. In these kinds of films – which, as their various appellations tend to suggest, are de- fined themselves by their association with marginality, excess and trash, the underground, and the illicit – the abject body and its excretia not only act as a dominant visual landscape, but provide a kind of somatic, faecal COLLOQUY text theory critique 18 (2009). -
Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment CURRENT ISSUES in ISLAM
Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment CURRENT ISSUES IN ISLAM Editiorial Board Baderin, Mashood, SOAS, University of London Fadil, Nadia, KU Leuven Goddeeris, Idesbald, KU Leuven Hashemi, Nader, University of Denver Leman, Johan, GCIS, emeritus, KU Leuven Nicaise, Ides, KU Leuven Pang, Ching Lin, University of Antwerp and KU Leuven Platti, Emilio, emeritus, KU Leuven Tayob, Abdulkader, University of Cape Town Stallaert, Christiane, University of Antwerp and KU Leuven Toğuşlu, Erkan, GCIS, KU Leuven Zemni, Sami, Universiteit Gent Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment Settling into Mainstream Culture in the 21st Century Benjamin Nickl Leuven University Press Published with the support of the Popular Culture Association of Australia and New Zealand University of Sydney and KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access Published in 2020 by Leuven University Press / Presses Universitaires de Louvain / Universitaire Pers Leuven. Minderbroedersstraat 4, B-3000 Leuven (Belgium). © Benjamin Nickl, 2020 This book is published under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Non-Derivative 4.0 Licence. The licence allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work for personal and non- commercial use providing author and publisher attribution is clearly stated. Attribution should include the following information: B. Nickl. 2019. Turkish German Muslims and Comedy Entertainment: Settling into Mainstream Culture in the 21st Century. Leuven, Leuven University Press. (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Further details about Creative Commons licences -
The Authenticity of Ambiguity: Dada and Existentialism
THE AUTHENTICITY OF AMBIGUITY: DADA AND EXISTENTIALISM by ELIZABETH FRANCES BENJAMIN A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Modern Languages College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham August 2014 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ii - ABSTRACT - Dada is often dismissed as an anti-art movement that engaged with a limited and merely destructive theoretical impetus. French Existentialism is often condemned for its perceived quietist implications. However, closer analysis reveals a preoccupation with philosophy in the former and with art in the latter. Neither was nonsensical or meaningless, but both reveal a rich individualist ethics aimed at the amelioration of the individual and society. It is through their combined analysis that we can view and productively utilise their alignment. Offering new critical aesthetic and philosophical approaches to Dada as a quintessential part of the European Avant-Garde, this thesis performs a reassessment of the movement as a form of (proto-)Existentialist philosophy. The thesis represents the first major comparative study of Dada and Existentialism, contributing a new perspective on Dada as a movement, a historical legacy, and a philosophical field of study. -
The Hidden World of Sanitation Workers
The hidden world of sanitation workers Media briefing WaterAid/CS Sharada Prasad/Safai Prasad/Safai Sharada WaterAid/CS Karmachari Kavalu Samiti WaterAid/CS Sharada Prasad/Safai Karmachari Kavalu Samiti Prasad/Safai Sharada WaterAid/CS Every year, the human race produces over 350 which aims to bring clean water and sustainable include decent working conditions for the Introduction million tonnes of poo – that’s enough to fill sanitation to everyone, everywhere by 2030. workers on the frontline who make sure our 140,000 Olympic swimming pools!i1 Unless that For the SDGs that we have data for, it is evident sanitation services continue to function. Without human waste is properly dealt with, every single that the goal for safely managed sanitation is one safely managed sanitation for all, we will never gram will pose a significant health risk to us and that is furthest behind. If we continue at current end extreme poverty. our planet. rates of progress, in some countries we will not bring safely managed sanitation to everyone Ensuring that our contact with human waste for centuries. ends when we leave the toilet is one of the most important jobs in society, and yet around the We will need many more sanitation workers Olivier Batoro, 37, a manual pit emptier, has world sanitation workers remain mostly unseen around the world if we are to achieve these just come out of the pit and is suffering from and unappreciated. To mark World Toilet Day ambitious targets, but their health and the dizziness, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, July 2019. and this year’s theme of ‘Leaving no one behind’,2 quality of their lives are rarely considered. -
Questionnaires for Sanitation Workers
Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Water Supply and Sanitation in Peri-urban Areas in Developing Country: A Case Study of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan SHAHBAZ ALI KHAN SEMINAR VERSION Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits ISRN: LIU-TEMAV/MPSSD-A-- 09 /XXX --SE LiLinköpings Universitet Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Water Supply and Sanitation in Peri-urban Areas in Developing Country: A Case Study of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan SHAHBAZ ALI KHAN SEMINAR VERSION Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits Supervisor: HANS BERTIL WITTGREN 2012 Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under 25 år från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/. -
Case 2:07-Cv-00579-TFM-RCM Document 50 Filed 09/22/08 Page 1 of 32
Case 2:07-cv-00579-TFM-RCM Document 50 Filed 09/22/08 Page 1 of 32 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA D.J., parent and natural guardian on behalf ) of C.J., a minor, and D.J., in her own right, ) Plaintiff, ) ) vs. ) Civil Action No. 07-579 ) STEVENS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, ) MARK ROOSEVELT, Superintendent, ) Judge McVerry Pittsburgh Public Schools, JOSEPH ) Magistrate Judge Mitchell FORISKA, Principal, XAVIER, minor, ) and T.P., a minor, ) Defendants. ) REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION I. Recommendation It is respectfully recommended that the motion for summary judgment submitted on behalf of defendants Stevens Elementary School, Mark Roosevelt, and Joseph Foriska (Docket No. 35) be granted. It is further recommended that the motion for summary judgment submitted on behalf of defendant T.P. (Docket No. 37) be granted, that the case be dismissed as to Defendant Xavier and the judgment be entered accordingly. II. Report Plaintiff, D.J., parent and natural guardian on behalf of C.J., a minor and in her own right, brings this action against Defendants, Stevens Elementary School (“Stevens”), Mark Roosevelt (the Superintendent of Pittsburgh Public Schools), Joseph Foriska (principal of Stevens), and minors Xavier and T.P. Her claims arise out of an incident that occurred on or about January 3, 2007 when the complaint alleges that C.J., then an eleven-year old student at Stevens, was attacked in a bathroom by other students including Xavier and T.P. In this lawsuit, Plaintiff Case 2:07-cv-00579-TFM-RCM Document 50 Filed 09/22/08 Page 2 of 32 seeks to impose liability on Xavier and T.P., as well as on Stevens, Roosevelt and Foriska (together, the “School District Defendants”). -
Input Consultation Stigmatization
Stigmatization in the Realisation of the Right to Water and Sanitation Submission for the report of the Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation January 2012 Contents Overview ..................................................... 3 Findings ..................................................... 6 1. “The global North ”: Germany and the Netherlands .......... 6 2. “The global South ”: Ghana, India, Kenya, Lesotho ......... 8 a. Ghana, Accra ........................................... 8 b. India: Delhi .......................................... 11 c. Kenya: Nairobi ........................................ 12 d. Lesotho: Maseru ....................................... 18 Conclusions ................................................. 21 Annex ....................................................... 23 2 Overview In response to the call for contributions from the Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation on the question of stigmatization in the realisation of the rights to water and sanitation, WASH United together with partner organisations conducted interviews with sanitation workers and community members in six countries of the global north (Germany and the Netherlands) and global south (Ghana, India, Kenya and Lesotho). Our decision to focus our research on sanitation workers was based on two assumptions: • In countries of the global south, sanitation workers are among the most discriminated groups in society. The work can be extremely unhygienic when sewage collection and -
Scatological Children's Humour
Scatological Children’s Humour Notes from the Netherlands and Anywhere Sjaak van der Geest University of Amsterdam I still remember the first joke I learned when I was laughter by presenting a story or a situation that is out about five years old. There was a mother who had two of the ordinary and is experienced as funny (tautology boys; one was called Yesterday and the other Pudding. is unavoidable when one wants to explain what humour Pudding and Yesterday had been naughty and were is). Shit on someone’s head is unusual, out of place and, sent to their room. Pudding said to Yesterday: ‘I must in the eyes of some, comical. For children that unusual poop’. Yesterday replied: ‘We are not allowed to leave event is enough to enjoy the thrill of the story. But not the room. Do it from the window’. Pudding did so but only for children. Cartoons and illustrations for a larger at that same moment the mayor passed by the house public also convey the humour of dirt falling on people and the poop fell on his hat. The mayor was annoyed from above. and rang the bell. The mother opened the door and the Excrement forms the hilarious denouement of the Mayor said: ‘Something fell on my head when I passed joke.2 The children’s story is a joke told because of the your house’. The mother asked: ‘Was it Yesterday?’ The shit and the piss. In this essay I will explore the social mayor: ‘No, today!’ The mother: ‘Was it Pudding?’ The context and meaning of scatological jokes in general mayor: ‘No, it was poop!’ Hahahaha.1 and among children in particular. -
"Fight for Fertilizer!" Excrement, Public Health, and Mobilization in New China
~ - ~ 51 "Fight for Fertilizerl" Fertilizerl" Excrement, Public Health, and Mobilization Mobilization Journal ofof in New China China UNCONVENTIONALUNCONVENTIONAL Andrew Morris HistoryHistory Andrew Morris is a doctaral student in rrwdern Chinese history at University of California, San Diego. In October, 1994 he presented a paper entitled "The Republic of Taiwan and the Failure of Qjng Centralization, " at the Western Conference ofthe Association ofAsian Studies, Clarerrwnt, California. By the time this issue oftheJoumal is published, .he will have presented another paper, "'Mastery Without Enmity': Tiyu (Athletics) in Early Republican China," at the West Coast Graduate Conference in Modern Chinese History, Berkeley, California, in April 1995. Morris says, "lWuzt I lwped to do in this paper was to show, in as graphic a manner as possible, the concern of the Communist state far the rrwst personal of details in driving the Chinese nation towards the singular goal of rrwdernity in the Great Leap Forward. Public health and agricultural production campaigns both were based, very literally, in the excrement of the people of China. Comprehensive programs ofrrwbilization and rrwdernization could leave no stone unturned, and I have tried to examine the ways in which state organs attempted to transfarm basic habits of daily life into acts of explicitly political and national signifu;ance. " On October 31, 1959, a 44-year-old night soil carrier namedShi Chuanxiang stood before an audience of more than 6500 model workers from allover China at the -
Fundraising Booklet
FUNDRAISING BOOKLET Everything you need to get started Toilets are about health, Hold a toilet-related games night! Your group might find itself getting stuck into dodgeball with loo rolls; a mummification-by-toilet-paper contest; safety and dignity… 3 toilet roll ten-pin bowling etc. You could give some traditional party games a toilety twist: Pin the flush on the If you’re looking for a fundraising challenge to help flush away poverty – thank you! cistern; the hot poo-tato game (substituting the bean bag with a fake poo) etc. We’re here to help in any way we can. You could also include a fancy-dress contest with costumes made out of toilet paper and toilet rolls. If you’re doing a sponsored event, Explore! travel experts enjoyed a you could use a sponsorship form Do a sponsored event (eg run, kayak, game of Pin the Flush on the Toilet to help you on your way. Or you silence, head shave). If you’d like to wear in their office fundraiser for World might prefer to set up an online 2 a Toilet Twinning T-shirt, we can send Toilet Day. fundraising page through a site you a small, medium, large or XL. such as Virgin Money Giving and donations will come straight through to Toilet Twinning. Find (a clean) toilet and invite Nine-year-old Emily organised a ‘toilet fair’ in Aslockton people to ‘spend a penny’ by with support from local businesses, friends and relatives. 1 throwing loose change in the bowl. Notable highlights included a game of ‘splat the poo’… Put on a performance, eg busking, or an activity, eg facepainting, rub-on tattoos. -
It's Been at Least a YEAR
ISSUE 9 Feb/Mar 1999 NEW! NAKED It’s been at least a YEAR In the news ell it was an exciting kind of year. What with the World Cup, you will virtually be able to do the the onset of Digital TV, the rise of the Internet and the week’s shopping and have it delivered TWINS! whole world getting mobile phones [If that sounds like a by a small virtuous mechanoid (see W 1). This will continue as you adorn techies dream then hold on, we’re going somewhere with this…] your virtual helmet and have a virtual So as we hurtle headlong into the new millennium, Madhatters night out. And what better way than takes an in depth look at how the future will change our lives for- to finish off with a virtual kebab… or ever. a curry, perhaps? ROBOTS - There will be robots and they will do everything from taking the ENTERTAINMENT - Never go to the dog for a walk to ironing and stuff. theatre or cinema again as you digital- SPACE 1999…erm, THIS YEAR. We will all be able to live on the Moon ly create your own plots, actors and and fly around in spaceships and stuff. Perhaps we can look forward to our scenes in a container the size of a next Medieval Lunar Banquet in zero gravity. small bag of nuts. SQUEEZEE MEALS - We think that even the most sophisticated gourmet PUBS - People will go to pubs and meals will be replicated in paste like form - and with all the nutrients - much have a drink every now and then.