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Questionnaires for Sanitation Workers

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Questionnaires for Sanitation Workers Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Water Supply and Sanitation in Peri-urban Areas in Developing Country: A Case Study of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan SHAHBAZ ALI KHAN SEMINAR VERSION Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits ISRN: LIU-TEMAV/MPSSD-A-- 09 /XXX --SE LiLinköpings Universitet Water and Environmental Studies Department of Thematic Studies Linköping University Water Supply and Sanitation in Peri-urban Areas in Developing Country: A Case Study of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan SHAHBAZ ALI KHAN SEMINAR VERSION Master’s programme Science for Sustainable Development Master’s Thesis, 30 ECTS credits Supervisor: HANS BERTIL WITTGREN 2012 Upphovsrätt Detta dokument hålls tillgängligt på Internet – eller dess framtida ersättare – under 25 år från publiceringsdatum under förutsättning att inga extraordinära omständigheter uppstår. Tillgång till dokumentet innebär tillstånd för var och en att läsa, ladda ner, skriva ut enstaka kopior för enskilt bruk och att använda det oförändrat för ickekommersiell forskning och för undervisning. Överföring av upphovsrätten vid en senare tidpunkt kan inte upphäva detta tillstånd. All annan användning av dokumentet kräver upphovsmannens medgivande. För att garantera äktheten, säkerheten och tillgängligheten finns lösningar av teknisk och administrativ art. Upphovsmannens ideella rätt innefattar rätt att bli nämnd som upphovsman i den omfattning som god sed kräver vid användning av dokumentet på ovan beskrivna sätt samt skydd mot att dokumentet ändras eller presenteras i sådan form eller i sådant sammanhang som är kränkande för upphovsmannens litterära eller konstnärliga anseende eller egenart. För ytterligare information om Linköping University Electronic Press se förlagets hemsida http://www.ep.liu.se/. Copyright The publishers will keep this document online on the Internet – or its possible replacement – for a period of 25 years starting from the date of publication barring exceptional circumstances. The online availability of the document implies permanent permission for anyone to read, to download, or to print out single copies for his/her own use and to use it unchanged for non- commercial research and educational purpose. Subsequent transfers of copyright cannot revoke this permission. All other uses of the document are conditional upon the consent of the copyright owner. The publisher has taken technical and administrative measures to assure authenticity, security and accessibility. According to intellectual property law the author has the right to be mentioned when his/her work is accessed as described above and to be protected against infringement. For additional information about Linköping University Electronic Press and its procedures for publication and for assurance of document integrity, please refer to its www home page: http://www.ep.liu.se/ . © Shahbaz Ali Khan Contents Abstract: .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction: ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 WSS Situation in Pakistan: .............................................................................................. 3 1.2 WSS Situation in Punjab: ................................................................................................. 4 1.3 WSS Situation in Faisalabad: ........................................................................................... 5 1.4 Overall Water and Sanitation Issues: ............................................................................... 5 1.5 Objective and Research Questions: .................................................................................. 7 2. Background ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1 Orangi Pilot Project (OPP): .............................................................................................. 8 2.2 Changa Pani Program (CPP): ........................................................................................... 9 2.3 Alternative Technologies for Water and Sanitation: ........................................................ 9 2.3.1 Rainwater Preservation Technique at Household: .................................................... 9 2.3.2 Reverse Osmosis Technique Plant for Colony: ...................................................... 10 2.3.3 Grey-water Treatment Option at Household: ......................................................... 11 2.3.4 Household Toilet:.................................................................................................... 12 2.3.5 Dual Septic Tanks for Colony: ............................................................................... 14 2.3.6 Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) Systems for Colony: ........................................ 14 2.3.7 Combining Alternative Technologies in WSS Model: ........................................... 15 3. Materials & Methods: ........................................................................................................... 17 3.1 Pilot Study: ..................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Interview Methodology: ................................................................................................. 17 3.2.1 Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods: ................................................... 17 3.2.2 Selection of Interviewee: ........................................................................................ 18 3.2.3 Interview and Survey Questionnaires: .................................................................... 18 3.3 Model Development: ...................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Observation: ................................................................................................................... 19 3.5 Limitations: .................................................................................................................... 19 4. Results: .................................................................................................................................. 20 4.1 Description of Study Area: ............................................................................................. 20 4.2 Current Water and Sanitation Situation in Rafique Colony: .......................................... 22 4.2.1 Household Water Supply Sources & Storage ......................................................... 23 4.2.2 Quantity and Quality of Water ................................................................................ 25 4.2.3 Household Wastewater Disposal System................................................................ 25 4.2.4 Sludge Disposal & Environmental Conditions in Colony ...................................... 26 4.2.5 Sanitation Workers’ Response: ............................................................................... 28 4.3 Households’ Response on Developed WSS model: ....................................................... 29 4.3.1 Alternative option to groundwater: ......................................................................... 29 4.3.2 Health and Environmental Protection of Society.................................................... 29 4.4 Responses of WASA Officials: ...................................................................................... 30 4.4.1 Response of First Official: ...................................................................................... 30 4.4.2 Response of Second Official:.................................................................................. 30 5. Discussion: ............................................................................................................................ 32 5.1 Overall Challenges: ........................................................................................................ 32 5.2 Strategies for WSS Improvement:.................................................................................. 32 5.2.1 Water Supply Arrangement at Household .............................................................. 32 5.2.2 Safe Drinking Water Supply for Colony ................................................................ 33 5.2.3 Household Grey-water Management ...................................................................... 33 5.2.4 Household Black-water Management ..................................................................... 33 5.2.5 Grey-water Management at Colony Level .............................................................. 34 5.2.6 Management of Untreated Wastewater Usage in Agriculture ................................ 34 5.2.7 Strategies for Government Authorities: .................................................................. 35 6. Conclusion & Recommendation: .......................................................................................... 37 Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................ 38 References: .................................................................................................................................... 39 Appendix I: Questionnaires for Inhabitants of Rafique
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