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Parasitengona Terrestria (Acari, Actinedida) Roztocza

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Parasitengona Terrestria (Acari, Actinedida) Roztocza POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK MUZEUM I INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII FRAGMENTA FAUNISTICA Tom 37 W arszawa, 31 XII 1994 Nr 4 Grzegorz Gabryś, Joanna Mąkol Parasitengona terrestria [Acari, Actinedida) Roztocza A bstract. The area of Roztocze (SE Poland) was faunistically and ecologically studied with respect to Its terrestrial Parasitengona. Fifty five species of five superfamilies were recorded; all the species are new for Roztocze and 29 new to the fauna of Poland. WSTĘP Celem niniejszej pracy było faunistyczne opracowanie roztoczy z grupy Para­ sitengona terrestria obszaru Roztocza, a także określenie powiązania poszcze­ gólnych gatunków z konkretnymi siedliskami. Nadrodziny CaLyptostomatoidea, Erythraeoidea, Tanaupodoidea, Trombiculoi - dea, Trombidioidea i Chyzeroidea (ta ostatnia nie występuje w Polsce) łączone są tradycyjnie w grupę Parasitengona terrestria (Welbourn 1991). Na świecie znanych jest ponad 3500 gatunków nominalnych, w Europie około 500, a z Polski wykazano ich dotychczas 78 (G abryś 1988, 1989, 1992a, b; Haitlinger 1981, 1992; S outhcott 1992). Larwy omawianych roztoczy są heteromorficzne, w związku z czym część gatunków, a nawet rodzajów, znana jest wyłącznie ze stadiów larwalnych, zaś część wyłącznie ze stadiów postlarwalnych (nimfa i postać dojrzała). Zawyża to liczbę znanych gatunków i rodzajów, zwłaszcza w obrębie nadrodziny Erythraeoidea. Zmiana tej sytuacji będzie możliwa dopiero po poznaniu i zestawieniu stadiów rozwojowych wszystkich taksonów. Dotychczas nie prowadzono w Polsce szeroko zakrojonych badań regional­ nych nad omawianą grupą roztoczy, a wszelkie dane pochodzą z prac o chara­ kterze taksonomicznym bądź z przyczynkarskich badań faunistycznych, często przedwojennych. Autorzy próby podsumowania dotychczasowych badań aka- rologicznych na Roztoczu (Błoszyk i in. 1988) nie podają żadnego gatunku z grupy Parasitengona terrestria. Tymczasem wykazano stąd dotychczas: Haupt- 2 — FRAGMENTA.. http://rcin.org.pl 1 2 2 G. Gabryś, J. Mąkol mannia kazimierae Hattlinger , Erythraeus kuyperi (O udemans ) oraz Leptus slivovi B eron (Haitlinger 1987b, c, 1992). Niewątpliwie jednak region ten do niedawna należał do najsłabiej poznanych w kraju odnośnie omawianej grupy roztoczy. MATERIAŁ I METODY Badania terenowe, koordynowane przez Instytut Zoologii PAN w Warszawie, prowadzono w latach 1986-1989 na obszarze całego Roztocza rozumianego jako kraina geograficzna i obejmującego Roztocze Środkowe, Południowe i Zachodnie. Większość stanowisk typowano w oparciu o wykaz, którego pełną wersję podają Liana i in. (1992). Ponieważ roztocze z grupy Parasitengona terrestria nie są organizmami typowo glebowymi bądź ściółkowymi, penetrowano różnorodne siedliska z zastosowaniem pięciu podstawowych metod odłowu: 1. przesiewanie substratu (ściółki, darni itp.) przez sito entomologiczne o „oczkach” 6 x 6 mm, bez późniejszej ekstrakcji w aparatach Tullgrena; roztocze wybierano bezpośred­ nio na białej płachcie pod silnym źródłem światła; metoda ta oznaczona jest w tekście symbolem „P”. 2. przesiewanie substratu oraz późniejsza ekstrakcja w aparatach Tullgrena - „PT”. 3. ekstrakcja w aparatach Tullgrena bez uprzed­ niego przesiewania - „T”. 4. czerpaków ani e standardowym czerpakiem entomolo­ gicznym- „C”. 5. odławianie bezpośrednie (tzw. metoda „na upatrzonego”) - „U”. Materiał konserwowano w 75% alkoholu etylowym a następnie wykonywano trwałe preparaty mikroskopowe w płynie Faure’a-Berlese’go. Oznaczano je w mi­ kroskopie świetlnym „Jenaval” z przystawką kontrastowo-fazową. Ogółem przebadano ponad 400 stanowisk, z czego 159 zawierało co najmniej jeden okaz z omawianej grupy. Spreparowano 823 okazy, kilkadziesiąt osobni­ ków należących do gatunku Hirstiosoma latreiRei oznaczono bez wykonywania preparatów trwałych. Ponieważ omawiane roztocze łowione są raczej ekstensywnie, czasem wystę­ pują masowo i rzadko wykazują równomierny typ rozmieszczenia, nie stosowano metod ilościowych. Dla poszczególnych gatunków określono jedynie abundancję (liczebność) i frekwencję (częstość). Za „liczne” uznano gatunki reprezentowane przez więcej niż 15 osobników. Za „częste” uznano gatunki występujące na więcej niż 5 stanowiskach. Wyczerpujący opis terenu badań oraz szaty roślinnej Roztocza można znaleźć w pracach Llany i in. (1992) oraz Izdebskiego i in. (1992). WYKAZ STANOWISK Wykaz zestawiono zgodnie z podziałem na trzy subregiony, tzn. Roztocze Środkowe, Południowe i Zachodnie. Wyróżniono 47 stanowisk podstawowych, oznaczonych cyframi arabskimi oraz w ich obrębie 159 stanowisk podrzędnych, oznaczonych literami. Opis stanowiska zawiera odpowiednio: miejscowość, lo­ kalizację, opis siedliska, datę zbioru, skrót nazwiska zbieracza w nawiasie oraz skrót oznaczający metodę zbioru (patrz „Materiał i metody”). W wykazie nie uwzględniono stanowisk znanych wyłącznie z literatury. http://rcin.org.pl Parasitengona terrestria Roztocza 1 2 3 Przy opisach stanowisk zastosowano skróty oznaczające nazwiska zbieraczy lub nazwy instytucji i organizacji. Podajemy Je w kolejności alfabetycznej: AL - Anna Liana , AS - Andrzej Ś lepowroński , AW - Andrzej Woźnica , BOR - Lech Bo ro w iec , DI - Dariusz Iwan , EH - Ewa Hałka -Wojciechowicz , GAB - Grzegorz G abryś , JB - Jerzy Błoszyk , JG - Jerzy M. G utowski , LB - Lech B uchholz , MB - Marek B unalski , SBB - Sekcja Badania Bezkręgowców UAM w Poznaniu, SOKP - Sekcja Ornitologiczna Koła Przyrodników UAM w Poznaniu, WJ - Wojciech J ędryczkowski , WS - Wojciech Staręga , ZMZ - Zakład Morfologii Zwierząt UAM w Poznaniu, ZO - Ziemowit O lszanowski . Wszystkim tym Osobom autorzy pragną złożyć serdeczne podziękowania. Ponadto w wykazie zastosowano nastę­ pujące skróty: nadl. - nadleśnictwo, oddz. - oddział, rez. - rezerwat, RPN - Roztoczański Park Narodowy. I. Roztocze Środkowe 1. Zwierzyniec, (a-d) w ogrodzie na granicy RPN. pod kamieniami 1 liśćmi, na trawniku: a) 21.04.1986(GAB)U, b) 22.04.1986(GAB)U, c) 22.05.1986(GAB)U, d) 10.05.1988(GAB)U; e) przy budynku, 8.06.1988(BOR)U; f) na kamiennym murku. 10.06.1988(GAB)U; g) łąka mezo ksero termiczna przy szosie Zamość-Józefów, 6.05.1988(GAB)U; (h. i) Park Środowi­ skowy: h) napływki nad Wieprzem, 10.06.1988(GAB)U, i) pod kamieniem, 10.05.1989(AW)U; J) murawa na campingu, 15.06.1989(BOR)U; (k, 1) łąka nad Wieprzem: k) 22.05.1986(GAB)U, C, 1) 22.05.1986(WJ)U; (ł, m) RPN, nad małym zbiornikiem wodnym, ściółka, darń, mech: ł) 24.05.1986(GAB)P+U, m) 11.09.1987(GAB)P; n) na granicy RPN, suche zagłębienie pod wydmą, 22.05.1986(GAB)P; (o, p) RPN, ols w pobliżu strumyka: o) 3.08.1987(EH)PT, p) 23.08.1987(EH)PT. 2. RPN, rez. Bukowa Góra. (a, b) Abietetum polonicum: a) ściółka z domieszką mchu, 2 1 .0 5 .1986(GAB)P, b) n a spróchniałym pniu buka, 11.05.1988(AW)U; (c, d) bór jodłowy, ściółka: c) 25.05.1988(JB)PT, d) 2.06.1987(DI)U; (e-1) bór sosnowy świeży, starodrzew, oddz. 38, ściółka: e) 22.05.1986(AS)P, 0 24.06.1986(WJ)P, g) 25.05.1988(EH)PT, h) 25.05.1988(ZO)PT, i) pod korą, 28.07.1986(DI,BOR)U; (J, k) bór mieszany, ściółka: J) 2 1 .0 5.1986(GAB)P, k) spod .łap korzeniowych" starego b u k a, 2 1 .0 5 .1986(GAB)P; (1, ł) buczyna, próchno ze starej Jodły: 1) 21.05.1986(GAB)P, ł) 25.05.1988(JB)PT; (m-p) bu­ czyna, ściółka: m) 23.06.1986(WJ, WS)P, n) 25.05.1988(ZO, JB)PT, o) 29.08.1988(JB)PT, p) 7.06.1989(BOR); r) strefa przejściowa między buczyną a borem jodłowym, ściółka, 25.05.1988(JB)PT; s) pod korą jodły, 11.05.1989(AW)U; t) na drewnianych schodach, 7.06.1988(BOR)U; u) spomiędzy korzeni buka, 5.06.1989(BOR)P; w) na pniu drzewa, 8.06.1989(BOR)U; y) pastwisko przy wiacie, 5 m od granicy rez., 10.09.1987(GAB)U. 3. RPN, Majdan Kasztelański, (a, b) bór bagienny: a) 21.04.1986(JB)T, b) 21.04.1986(WJ, WS)P; (c-f) torfowisko wysokie: c) 21.04.1986(JB)PT, d) 21.04.1986(JB)PT, e) 21.04.1986(WS)P, f) 15.09.1986(WJ, WS)P; g) mszysta darń na granicy wypasanej łąki i potoku, 12.06.1987(GAB)U. 4. RPN, rez. Nart, Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum. a) kora 1 dziuple martwych jodeł, 21.04.1986(WJ, WS)U; b) ściółka, 2 1 .0 4 .1986(WS, WJ)P. 5. RPN, rez. Czerkies. (a-c) Abietetum polonicum: a) pod korą, 8.06.1988(BOR, DI)U, b) mech, 21.04.1986(WS, WJ)P, c) ściółka, 10.05.1988(JB)PT; d) grąd ze starym bukiem i jodłą, ściółka, 11.05.1988(JB)PT. 6. RPN, rez. Jarugi, Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum. a) ściółka, 21.04.1986(JB)PT; b) próchno zbuka, 21.04.1986(JB)PT. 7. RPN, Kamienna Góra koło Florianki. Bór z udziałem Jodły, ściółka, 21.04.1986(WJ, WS)P. 8. RPN, okolice Obroczy. (a, b) oddz. 201, ściółka bukowa: a) 6.05.1986(GAB)P, b) 6.05.1988(GAB)P; c) ols nad Wieprzem, ściółka, w runie - Eupatorium cannabinum, Lycopus europaeus, Calla palustrls, 10.06.1988(GAB)PT. http://rcin.org.pl 1 2 4 G. G abryś, J . Mąkol 9. Droga Z wierzy nieo-Obrocz. a] roślinność przydrożna, Umbelliferae, 10.06.1988(GAB)C; b) łąka na skraju młodnika sosnowego porośnięta trawą i karłowatymi brzózkami, porosty, darń i ściółka, 10.06.1988(GAB)PT, T. 10. Obrocz. a) kamienne filary mostu na Wieprzu oraz przyległa murawa, 10.06.1988(GAB)U; b) wypasana łąka nad Wieprzem, nagie wydeptane miejsca, 10.06.1988(BOR, GAB)U; c) oddz. 208/221, łąka mezo ksero termiczna z Taraxacum sp p., Arabidopsis thaliana, Viola tricolor, Myosotis spp., 6.05.1988(GAB)U. 11. Sochy, granica RPN. Bór sosnowy świeży z dosadzoną jodłą, runo trawiaste, ściółka, 27.08.1988(SBB). 12. Kąty. Las zbliżony do grądu, ściółka, 25.06.1986(ZO,JB)PT. 13. Kąty II. (a, b) m uraw a kseroterm iczna: a) 2 5 .0 6 .1986(WS)C, b) 16.06.1989(BOR); c) d ąbro­ wa świetlista, 26.09.1986(WJ, WS)P; d) miedza, 11.06.1987(DI)C. 14. Dziewcza Góra, W od Kątów II. Łąka, 9.06.1989(MB). 15. Wieprzecka Góra, S od Kątów II. a) fragment łąki (projektowany rezerwat roślinności ksero termicznej), 11.06.1987(GAB)PT; b) stok S, łąka z Geranium sanguineum, Echium vulgare i Vincetaxicum officinale, mech, darń, 11.06.1987(GAB)U, P; c) stok SSW, roślin­ ność mezokserotermiczna, 11.06.1987(GAB)P; d) stok NW, Inuletum enstfoliae, 11.06.1987(GAB)PT, U; e) stok SSE, roślinność mezokserotermiczna, 11.06.1987(DI)C.
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