Biodiversity Adaptations and Biomes Program Pre- and Post-Activities
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Patterns and Drivers of Recent Disturbances Across the Temperate Forest Biome
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06788-9 OPEN Patterns and drivers of recent disturbances across the temperate forest biome Andreas Sommerfeld 1, Cornelius Senf 1,2, Brian Buma 3, Anthony W. D’Amato 4, Tiphaine Després 5,6, Ignacio Díaz-Hormazábal7, Shawn Fraver8, Lee E. Frelich 9, Álvaro G. Gutiérrez 7, Sarah J. Hart10, Brian J. Harvey11, Hong S. He12, Tomáš Hlásny5, Andrés Holz 13, Thomas Kitzberger14, Dominik Kulakowski 15, David Lindenmayer 16, Akira S. Mori17, Jörg Müller18,19, Juan Paritsis 14, George L. W. Perry 20, Scott L. Stephens21, Miroslav Svoboda5, Monica G. Turner 22, Thomas T. Veblen23 & Rupert Seidl 1 1234567890():,; Increasing evidence indicates that forest disturbances are changing in response to global change, yet local variability in disturbance remains high. We quantified this considerable variability and analyzed whether recent disturbance episodes around the globe were con- sistently driven by climate, and if human influence modulates patterns of forest disturbance. We combined remote sensing data on recent (2001–2014) disturbances with in-depth local information for 50 protected landscapes and their surroundings across the temperate biome. Disturbance patterns are highly variable, and shaped by variation in disturbance agents and traits of prevailing tree species. However, high disturbance activity is consistently linked to warmer and drier than average conditions across the globe. Disturbances in protected areas are smaller and more complex in shape compared to their surroundings affected by human land use. This signal disappears in areas with high recent natural disturbance activity, underlining the potential of climate-mediated disturbance to transform forest landscapes. 1 University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Institute of Silviculture, Peter Jordan Straße 82, 1190 Wien, Austria. -
Biome-Specific Scaling of Ocean Productivity, Temperature, and Carbon Export Efficiency
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Biome-specific scaling of ocean productivity, temperature, and carbon export efficiency Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vk7r4v9 Journal Geophysical Research Letters, 43(10) ISSN 0094-8276 Authors Britten, GL Primeau, FW Publication Date 2016 DOI 10.1002/2016GL068778 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California PUBLICATIONS Geophysical Research Letters RESEARCH LETTER Biome-specific scaling of ocean productivity, 10.1002/2016GL068778 temperature, and carbon export efficiency Key Points: Gregory L. Britten1 and François W. Primeau1 • Optimized models predict carbon fi export ef ciency from net primary 1Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, USA production and sea surface temperature • Biome-specific relationships impact global export inferred from Abstract Mass conservation and metabolic theory place constraints on how marine export production (EP) satellite-derived variables scales with net primary productivity (NPP) and sea surface temperature (SST); however, little is empirically • Individual biomes respond differently known about how these relationships vary across ecologically distinct ocean biomes. Here we compiled in to simulated net primary production fi and sea surface temperature changes situ observations of EP, NPP, and SST and used statistical model selection theory to demonstrate signi cant biome-specific scaling relationships among these variables. Multiple statistically similar models yield a À threefold variation in the globally integrated carbon flux (~4–12 Pg C yr 1) when applied to climatological Supporting Information: • Supporting Information S1 satellite-derived NPP and SST. Simulated NPP and SST input variables from a 4×CO2 climate model experiment • Data Set S1 further show that biome-specific scaling alters the predicted response of EP to simulated increases of • Data Set S2 atmospheric CO2. -
Grasslands 4/16/03 3:46 PM
Ecoregion: Grasslands 4/16/03 3:46 PM Grasslands INTRODUCTION About 25% of Earth’s land surface is covered by temperate grassland. These large expanses of flat or hilly country cover much of North America, as well as large areas of Europe, Asia, and South America. Most grasslands are found in the interiors of continents, where there is too little rainfall for a forest but too much rain for a desert. Art Explosion Art Explosion Rolling hills covered with grasses and very few trees A few scattered trees are found on savannas, are typical of North American grassland prairies. tropical grasslands of Africa. Temperate grasslands have subtle differences and different names throughout the world. Prairies and plains of North America are grasslands with tall grasses, while the steppes of Russia are grasslands with short grasses. Veldts are found in South Africa, the puszta in Hungary, and the pampas in Argentina and Uruguay. Savannas are tropical grasslands that support scattered trees and shrubs. They often form a transitional biome file:///Ecoregion/grass/content.html Page 1 of 6 Ecoregion: Grasslands 4/16/03 3:46 PM between deserts and rain forests. Some temperate grasslands are also called savannas. The word savanna comes from the Spanish word zavanna, meaning “treeless plain.” Savannas cover almost half of Africa (mostly central Africa) and large areas of Australia and South America. ABIOTIC DATA The grassland climate is rather dry, averaging about 20 to 100 centimeters (8–40 inches) of precipitation a year. Summers are very hot and may reach 45°C (113°F). Winter temperatures often fall below freezing, which is 0°C (32°F). -
Spring Blooms March 31–May 6 Spring Blooms on View March 31–May 6
SP RI NG Spring Blooms March 31–May 6 Spring Blooms On View March 31–May 6 Awaken your senses with the vibrant hues, fresh fragrances, and natural sounds of spring in our Gardens. Dogwoods, magnolias, azaleas, foam-flowers, and more than 240,000 tulips erupt into spectacular bloom creating a patchwork of color across our landscape. Stroll among our historic trees, wander in our Meadow Garden, and breathe in the fresh air. Savor the beauty of spring. Plan Your Spring Visits in Advance We all eagerly anticipate the first signs of spring. Encourage your guests to buy Timed Admission Tickets early as tickets are limited, and be sure to take advantage of our Member Appreciation Days during Spring Blooms. For details, see our Members-only Moments pages. Members-only Moments Member Appreciation Days Mark Your Calendar Stay Informed with Our Emails Sunday, March 25 Garden Chat: Hidden Gems Mondays, April 16, April 23, and April 30 Tuesday, May 8, 6–7:30 pm We strive to keep our Members engaged and informed about all 9 am–6 pm that is happening in our Gardens. If you don’t receive emails from us, Gardens Premium Members can Join us on Member Appreciation or if you would like to update your email address, please visit chat with Senior Horticulturist longwoodgardens.org/email. Days and receive 20% discounts Jessica Whitehead and explore at The Café, 1906, and our late spring blooms along the ever- Visit the Gardens with Friends GardenShop. changing Flower Garden Drive, All Membership levels receive two Complimentary Guest Tickets Join Us for New the newly redesigned “secret” for one-time general admission. -
The Riparian Zone
Land-Water Interactions: The Riparian Zone F J. Swanson, S. V Gregory, J. R. Sedell,and A. G.Campbell INTRODUCTION The interface between aquatic and terrestrial environments in coniferous structure, composition, and function of the riparian zone had received little consideration in ecosystem level research, because this zone forms the interface between scientific disci- plines as well as ecosystem components. In some climate-vegetation zones particular aspects of riparian zones have received much study. ñparinpiant communities in arid lands have been studied extensive!y, primar- ily in terms o TdfeTbiiatJohnson and Jones 1977 Thomas et al 1979) Research on riparian 'egetation along major rivers has dealt mainly with forest composition and dynamics (for example, Lindsey et al. 1961; Sigafoos 1964; Bell 1974; Johnson et al. 1976). Riparian vegetation research has been largely neglected in forested mountain land, where it tends to have smaller areal extent and economic value than upslope vegetation. yre!pian zone is an integral part of the forest/stream ecosystem complex. This chapter synthesizes general concepts about the riparian zone in north- west coniferous forests and the results of coniferous forest biome research on: (1) structure and composition of riparian vegetation and its variation in time and space; and (2) functional aspects of the riparian zone in terms of physical, biological, and chemical terrestrial/aquatic interactions. We emphasize condi- tions observed in mountain streams and small rivers. The riparian zone may be defined in a variety of ways, based on factors such as vegetation type, groundwater and surface water hydrology, topogra- phy, and ecosystem function. These factors have so many complex interactions that defining the riparian zone in one sense integrates elements of the other factors. -
A Database of Plant Traits Spanning the Tundra Biome
Received: 15 November 2017 | Revised: 11 July 2018 | Accepted: 20 July 2018 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12821 DATA PAPER Tundra Trait Team: A database of plant traits spanning the tundra biome Anne D. Bjorkman1,2,3 | Isla H. Myers‐Smith1 | Sarah C. Elmendorf4,5,6 | Signe Normand2,7,8 | Haydn J. D. Thomas1 | Juha M. Alatalo9 | Heather Alexander10 | Alba Anadon‐Rosell11,12,13 | Sandra Angers‐Blondin1 | Yang Bai14 | Gaurav Baruah15 | Mariska te Beest16,17 | Logan Berner18 | Robert G. Björk19,20 | Daan Blok21 | Helge Bruelheide22,23 | Agata Buchwal24,25 | Allan Buras26 | Michele Carbognani27 | Katherine Christie28 | Laura S. Collier29 | Elisabeth J. Cooper30 | J. Hans C. Cornelissen31 | Katharine J. M. Dickinson32 | Stefan Dullinger33 | Bo Elberling34 | Anu Eskelinen35,23,36 | Bruce C. Forbes37 | Esther R. Frei38,39 | Maitane Iturrate‐Garcia15 | Megan K. Good40 | Oriol Grau41,42 | Peter Green43 | Michelle Greve44 | Paul Grogan45 | Sylvia Haider22,23 | Tomáš Hájek46,47 | Martin Hallinger48 | Konsta Happonen49 | Karen A. Harper50 | Monique M. P. D. Heijmans51 | Gregory H. R. Henry39 | Luise Hermanutz29 | Rebecca E. Hewitt52 | Robert D. Hollister53 | James Hudson54 | Karl Hülber33 | Colleen M. Iversen55 | Francesca Jaroszynska56,57 | Borja Jiménez‐Alfaro58 | Jill Johnstone59 | Rasmus Halfdan Jorgesen60 | Elina Kaarlejärvi14,61 | Rebecca Klady62 | Jitka Klimešová46 | Annika Korsten32 | Sara Kuleza59 | Aino Kulonen57 | Laurent J. Lamarque63 | Trevor Lantz64 | Amanda Lavalle65 | Jonas J. Lembrechts66 | Esther Lévesque63 | Chelsea J. Little15,67 | Miska Luoto49 | Petr Macek47 | Michelle C. Mack52 | Rabia Mathakutha44 | Anders Michelsen34,68 | Ann Milbau69 | Ulf Molau70 | John W. Morgan43 | Martin Alfons Mörsdorf30 | Jacob Nabe‐Nielsen71 | Sigrid Schøler Nielsen2 | Josep M. Ninot11,12 | Steven F. Oberbauer72 | Johan Olofsson16 | Vladimir G. Onipchenko73 | Alessandro Petraglia27 | Catherine Pickering74 | Janet S. -
From Bush Encroachment to Biome Shift: the Ecology of Thicket Pioneers
From bush encroachment to biome shift: the ecology of thicket pioneers Susi Vetter Botany Department Rhodes University Parr et al. (2012) distinguished between savanna thickening and thicket expansion Savanna Thicket encroachment Closed-canopy thicket Which spp? What is their effect on the grass layer? What are their traits? e.g. Parr et al. (2012) in Hluhluwe: “new thickets” characterized by Diospyros simii, Berchemia zeyheri Effect of woody composition and structure on herbaceous cover and composition • 3 Sites • Fine scale data (5m diameter circular plots) • Path analysis (SEM) Species associated with tall / dense woody cover Woody Woody structure composition (canopy area, (no. stems) height) Effect of particular species Effect of tall and dense on grass canopy on grasses Herbaceous basal cover and composition Data: Daisy Chiloane, Susi Vetter Eastern Cape Bhisho Thornveld; commercial cattle + game; MAP ~ 650 mm Brachylaena Canopy elliptica Vachellia area Grewia karroo occidentalis Canopy height Scutia Woody myrtina Woody 0.66 structure Maytenus composition R2 = 0.44 heterophylla -0.31 N = 235 -0.38 Karochloa Basal cover curva Herbaceous R2 = 0.40 Grass height Panicum maximum Digitaria eriantha Forb Sporobolus Themeda fimbriatus triandra Thicket pioneer spp. – what are their functional traits? Ability to colonize Ability to transform • Dispersal • Accumulation of deep canopies • Bud protection, bark thickness, growth rate • High LAI • Resprouting strategies • Adaptations to escape browse trap Bark thickness: 32 Savanna Canopy: Pioneer -
LG Chimes 298.Pdf
Winter LONGWOOD 2019 CHIMES 298 1 2 No. 298 A seed… that amazing marvel of nature that overcomes incredible odds to flourish into something beautiful, life-sustaining, and inspiring. In this issue of Longwood Chimes, we explore seeds in all contexts … from the seed of inspiration that spurred Mr. du Pont to construct our grand Conservatory, to the seed of an idea that has grown into a national movement to combat declining numbers of horticulture professionals, to the beauty of physical seeds gathered from our Gardens and from our plant exploration trips around the globe. Celebrate with us the humble beginnings that lead to great things. In Brief 6 8 10 Plantologists Unite! By the Book Nutrition from Within Seed Your Future is growing Our Community Read is How composting is the next generation of building rapport by sharing nourishing the needs horticulturists. the joy of plants, nature, (and seeds) of our plant By Susan E. Yoder and great books. collection. By David Sleasman By Dr. Matt Taylor Features 16 24 34 Natural Selection Gone to Seed A Century of Floral Sun Parlors Christmas ornaments crafted A survey and celebration Part One: The Seed is Planted from natural materials embody of seeds from throughout A new series on the creation of our spirit of beauty and giving. the Gardens. Longwood’s great Conservatory. By Katie Mobley By Colvin Randall 46 Array of Light A spark of creativity and a plethora of details bring Luminary Nights to life. By Patricia Evans End Notes 52 Remembering William H. Frederick, Jr. A look back at the life, work, and enduring influence of plantsman and landscape designer William H. -
Collections Policy
Chicago Botanic Garden COLLECTIONS POLICY 1 Collections Policy July 2018 2 COLLECTIONS POLICY TABLE OF CONTENTS Mission Statement ................................................................................................................... 1 Intent of Collections Policy Document ..................................................................................... 1 Purpose of Collections .............................................................................................................. 1 Scope of Collections ................................................................................................................. 1 1) Display Plant Collections .......................................................................................... 2 Seasonal Display Collections ........................................................................... 2 Permanent Display Gardens ............................................................................ 2 Aquatic Garden ................................................................................... 2 Bonsai Collection ................................................................................. 3 Graham Bulb Garden .......................................................................... 3 Grunsfeld Children’s Growing Garden ................................................. 3 Circle Garden ....................................................................................... 3 Kleinman Family Cove ........................................................................ -
Climate Zones and Biomes
Geography Climate Zones and Biomes Pupil Workbook Year 3, Unit 4 Name: Formative Assessment Scores Knowledge Quiz 4.1 Knowledge Quiz 4.4 Knowledge Quiz 4.2 Knowledge Quiz 4.5 Knowledge Quiz 4.3 Notes: Geography Climate Zones and Biomes Pupil Workbook Year 3, Unit 4 Climate Zones and Biomes Knowledge Organiser Vocabulary Biome Definition The weather conditions in an area 1 Climate 8 Rainforest A thick forest that has a lot of rain over time A grassy plain in tropical and An area with similar plants and 9 Savannah 2 Biome subtropical regions with definition animals A waterless area with little or 10 Desert Smaller regions indicating where no vegetation 3 Vegetation belt vegetation grows An area that has mainly shrubs and 11 Chaparral Polar and Areas in the north and south of thorny bushes 4 subpolar zone the globe A large open area covered with 12 Grassland grass 5 Temperate zone Areas of mild temperature Deciduous A forest that has trees that lose 13 forest their leaves each year Equatorial and Area in the centre of the globe with 6 A forest made up of coniferous Tropical zones a hot temperature 14 Boreal forest plants in cold areas 7 Arid zone Areas north and south of the tropics 15 Tundra A flat, cold, treeless area Climate Equatorial zone Tropical zone Arid zone Mediterranean zone Temperate zone Subpolar zone Polar zone Biomes Polar Desert Tundra Boreal forest Tropical Rainforest Deciduous forest Grassland Savannah Desert Chaparral Challenges of a biome for humans Biomes in Europe Rainforest: Grassland • It can rain more than 250cm a -
RECOMMENDED RESOURCES the Home Place: Memoirs of a Colored Man’S Love Affair with Nature by J
RECOMMENDED RESOURCES The Home Place: Memoirs of a Colored Man’s Love Affair with Nature By J. Drew Lanham Longwood Gardens Community Read, March-May 2021 If you want to continue to explore the ideas of The Home Place, here is a list of resources to fuel your thinking. The Longwood Gardens Community Read team started thinking about The Home Place a few years ago. We have spent a considerable amount of time learning, reading, thinking, and talking as we planned the Community Read for 2021. We found several books, videos, and podcasts that helped us along the way, and we’ve reviewed a short list of titles related to the three major themes we’ve focused on in The Home Place: 1. The importance of engaging children with plants and nature. 2. The importance of birds in our world and its many ecologies. 3. The experiences (sometimes negative) of people of color when experiencing nature. We’ve included books on birding, nature writing by people of color (POC), southern nature memoirs, and a few POC gardeners that we greatly admire. You will find these titles at public libraries, local bookstores, and elsewhere in your community. Please let us know if you find these suggestions interesting and useful. Email us your comments at [email protected] The importance of engaging children with plants and nature I Love Dirt!: 52 Activities to Help You and Your Kids Discover the Wonders of Nature by Jennifer Ward. (Roost Books, 2011) By encouraging children to connect with nature, we provide learning experiences that inspire new generations of scientists, designers, and horticulturists. -
Change in Terrestrial Human Footprint Drives Continued Loss of Intact Ecosystems
Article Change in Terrestrial Human Footprint Drives Continued Loss of Intact Ecosystems Graphical Abstract Authors Brooke A. Williams, Oscar Venter, James R. Allan, ..., Christina Supples, Anne L.S. Virnig, James E.M. Watson Montane grasslands and shrublands Correspondence Temperate grasslands, Temperate broadleaf Tundra savannahs and shrublands [email protected] and mixed forests Boreal forests/taiga Temperate coniferous forests In Brief Tropical and subtropical Human pressure mapping is important for moist broadleaf forests Mediterranean forests, woodlands and scrubs understanding humanity’s role in shaping Earth’s patterns and processes. We Tropical and subtropical provide the latest maps of the terrestrial dry broadleaf forests Human Footprint human footprint and provide an Tropical subtropical High Low Flooded grasslands 50 410 grasslands, savannahs and savannahs assessment of change in human pressure and shrublands Highly modified Intact Wilderness Tropical and subtropical across Earth. Between 2000 and 2013, 1.9 coniferous forests million km2 of land relatively free of Mangroves Deserts and xeric shrublands human disturbance became highly modified. Our results show that humanity’s footprint is eroding Earth’s last intact ecosystems and that greater efforts are urgently needed to retain them. Highlights d We show that 58.4% of terrestrial Earth is under moderate or intense human pressure d Between 2000 and 2013, 1.9 million km2 of intact land became highly modified d Globally tropical grasslands and Southeast Asian forests were the most impacted d Greater efforts are urgently needed to retain Earth’s remaining intact ecosystems Williams et al., 2020, One Earth 3, 371–382 September 18, 2020 ª 2020 Elsevier Inc.