Mapping a New Era for Latin America, the United States, and Europe
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ADRIENNE ARSHT LATIN AMERICA CENTER The Trilateral Bond: MAPPING A NEW ERA FOR LATIN AMERICA, THE UNITED STATES, AND EUROPE REPORT OF THE TRANSATLANTIC TASK FORCE ON LATIN AMERICA The Trilateral Bond: Mapping a New Era for Latin America, the United States, and Europe Report of the Transatlantic Task Force on Latin America Co-Chairs: H.E. José María Aznar and The Hon. Christopher J. Dodd Project Director: Frances G. Burwell Rapporteur and Expert Adviser: Gabriel Sánchez Zinny © 2013 The Atlantic Council of the United States. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Atlantic Council, except in the case of brief quotations in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. Please direct inquiries to: Atlantic Council 1101 15th Street NW, 11th Floor Washington, DC 20005 ISBN: 978-1-61977-034-8 May 2013 Transatlantic Task Force on Latin America Co-Chairs: Donna Hrinak, President, Boeing Brazil Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, Partner, The Rohatyn Group H.E. José María Aznar,^ Former Prime Minister of Spain David Lemor, Director, Corporate Affairs, PERU LNG The Hon. Christopher J. Dodd,** Chairman and CEO, Moises Naim,* Senior Associate, International Economics, Motion Picture Association of America Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Diana Villiers Negroponte, Nonresident Senior Fellow, Honorary Chair: The Brookings Institution Ms. Adrienne Arsht,** Chairman Emerita, TotalBank Janice O’Connell, Executive Vice President, Gephardt Government Affairs Members: Ana Palacio,** Member, Consejo de Estado of Spain Jorge Plasencia, Chairman and CEO, Republica Francis Bouchard,** Group Head of Government Pedro Rebelo de Sousa, Senior Partner, and Industry Affairs, Zurich Insurance Co. SRS & Advogados Associados RL Santiago A. Canton, Director, RFK Partners for Michael Reid, Americas Editor, The Economist Human Rights Jorge Rendo, Director, External Relations, Grupo Clarin Alberto Cardenas, Chairman, American Conservative Union Arturo Sarukhan, Chairman, Miguel Angel Cortes, Spanish MP and Former Secretary Global Solutions/A Podesta Company of State for Latin America Clifford M. Sobel,* Former Ambassador of the Nelson W. Cunningham,* President, McLarty Associates United States to Brazil Roberto Dañino, Former Prime Minister of Peru Arturo Valenzuela, Senior Latin American Advisor, Jeffrey Davidow, Senior Counselor, The Cohen Group Covington & Burling LLP and Professor of Government, Paula J. Dobriansky,** Senior Fellow, Belfer Center for Georgetown University Science and International Affairs, Harvard University Alfredo G. A. Valladão, Professor, Sciences Po Paris Salvador Escalon, General Counsel, and President of the Advisory Board, Millicom International Cellular EUBrasil (Brussels) Eric Farnsworth, Vice President, Americas Society Alvaro Vargas Llosa, Senior Fellow, Independent Institute and Council of the Americas Alexander F. Watson, Managing Director, Hills & Company Benita Ferrero-Waldner, President, EU-LAC Foundation and Former Commissioner for External Relations Ex Officio Members+: and Neighborhood Policy, European Commission Helga Flores Trejo, Former Executive Director, H.E. Nuno Brito,* Ambassador of Portugal to the Heinrich Boell Foundation United States Enrique Garcia, President, Andean Development H.E. Ramon Gil-Casares,* Ambassador of Spain to the Corporation (CAF) United States Antonio O. Garza, Counsel, White & Case, L.L.C., H.E. Pierre Henri Guignard, Permanent Observer of Mexico City France to the OAS Robert S. Gelbard,** Chairman, Gelbard H.E. Luis Alberto Moreno, President, Inter-American International Consulting Development Bank Ricardo Hausmann, Director of the Center for International H.E. Joao Vale de Almeida, Ambassador of the Development, Harvard University European Union to the United States Brian C. McK. Henderson,** Advisor to the Chairman, Espirito Santo Financial Group S.A. The report reflects the consensus of the director and rapporteur of the Atlantic Council Transatlantic Task Force on Latin America. The co-chairs and members of the Task Force welcome this report as an important contribution to the debate and support its overall conclusions. However, not all of the report recommendations reflect the views of all the Task Force members. Individuals participated in the Task Force in their private capacity; affiliations are provided for identification purposes only. *Atlantic Council Member **Atlantic Council Board Director ^International Advisory Board Member +The ex officio members of the Task Force are not responsible for any conclusions or recommendations put forward in the report. The Atlantic Council appreciates their kind involvement and valuable insights that greatly enhanced the work of the Task Force. Foreword or too long, the United States and Europe have failed continue to pursue in the Council’s work. We also would like to embrace Latin America as a partner in a broader to thank the ambassadors who participated so energetically Ftransatlantic community. Modern Latin America, like in this work; although they are not responsible for the the United States, springs from a common European heritage conclusions of the report, we look forward to continuing to and shares the historical, political, and philosophical roots work with them. that bind the West so closely together. The region is of growing strategic importance, with its expanding markets, At the Council, Frances G. Burwell, vice president and energy resources, and global economic reach. But while Latin director of the Program on Transatlantic Relations provided America is changing rapidly, the United States and Europe strong oversight and leadership to this initiative. Gabriel have been slow to sufficiently recognize and embrace this Sanchez Zinny, managing director at Blue Star Strategies, new world, missing crucial policy and business opportunities. played a crucial role as expert adviser and rapporteur. Special thanks also to James McBride of Blue Star Strategies To remain competitive globally, the United States and Europe for his invaluable support, especially in the drafting of the must reimagine and redefine the transatlantic partnership, report. Maureen McGrath excelled in ensuring that the Task reaching out to new partners who share values and interests. Force ran smoothly and our Washington workshop was a In response to this challenge, the Atlantic Council created success. Abby Moore provided excellent research assistance a high-level Transatlantic Task Force on Latin America, co- throughout this effort. chaired by former Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar and Senator Christopher J. Dodd, and made possible by Above all, very special thanks are due to Adrienne Arsht, Honorary Chair and Atlantic Council Board Director Adrienne the honorary chair of the Task Force. This initiative would Arsht. The Task Force brought together more than thirty not have been possible without her vision, support, and authoritative figures—foreign policy professionals, leaders enthusiasm. She inspired everyone to ask the big questions from the business community, and independent experts— and to reach beyond the conventional wisdom and rhetoric. from all three regions. Together, the group developed a series As the Task Force neared completion of its work, her of policy-oriented recommendations designed to reinvigorate determination to give her vision lasting reality led her to found the US-Europe-Latin America relationship and to create a the Adrienne Arsht Latin America Center at the Council. new, trilateral partnership. We are immensely grateful to her for making it possible for the Council to be at the forefront of building a new era The Council is especially grateful to a number of individuals of collaboration and partnership among Latin America, who contributed their insights and suggestions to the report. Europe, and the United States. This is a vital task, one that First, very special thanks are owed to the Task Force co- will strengthen the entire transatlantic community, and we chairs, President José María Aznar and Senator Christopher present this report as an important first step. J. Dodd for encouraging us to undertake this work and for providing crucial thought leadership throughout the process. We would also like to thank the members of the Task Force Frederick Kempe for sharing their invaluable expertise and always pushing for President & CEO an innovative rethinking of the Latin American-US-European Atlantic Council relationship. Their contributions served as a tremendous resource in articulating the most relevant issues which we will 1 Co-Chair Foreword e want to extend our thanks and appreciation to human capital developed to its full potential, collaboration the members and staff of the Atlantic Council’s in the development and use of natural resources, enhanced WTransatlantic Task Force on Latin America (“the cooperation and intelligence-sharing related to transnational Task Force”) who have worked collaboratively over the crime and citizen security, and the development of the last seven months to produce a report that should be food institutional infrastructure necessary to sustain the continuity for thought for policymakers in the United States, Europe, of the trilateral partnership. and Latin America seeking a new vision for a transatlantic partnership. Without a doubt, these three geographic regions While as with any task force effort, not every share common interests, concerns, and aspirations. Given recommendation offered