Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, IX: A Monograph of the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea)

KARL V. KROMBEIN

W9\ I

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Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, IX: A Monograph of the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea)

Karl V. Krombein

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1982 ABSTRACT Krombein, Karl V. Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, IX: A Mon- ograph of the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 374, 121 pages, 64 figures, 1982.—Forty-six species are recorded from Sri Lanka in the following subfamilies: Anthoboscinae with one species of Anthobosca Guerin; Tiphiinae with 30 species of Tiphia Fabricius; Myzininae with five species of Mesa Saussure and two of Hylomesa Krombein; Methochinae with three species of Methocha subgenus Methocha Latreille, four species of Methocha subgenus Dryinopsis Brues, and one species of Karlissa Krombein. Thirty-seven species are known from both sexes, and nine from only one sex. Thirty-one species occur only in Sri Lanka, and 15 are found also in India or are more widely distributed in the Oriental Region. Specific hosts are unknown, but it is presumed that all taxa are parasitic on coleopter- ous larvae in the soil, in rotting wood, or in cavities in twigs or sound dead timber. The 33 new taxa are Anthobosca ceylonica, Tiphia leclercqi, T. kaszabi, T. sakagamii, T. knutsoni, T. hillyardi, T. bouceki, T. moczari, T. tsunekii, T. gurneyi, T. kurczewskii, T. bakeriana, T. weismani, T. pulawskii, T. wittmeri, T. wirthi, T. carvalhoi, T. vanlithi, T. hirashimai, T. dayi, T.fennahi, T. wahisi, T. sabroskyi, Mesa karunaratnei, M. flavipennis, Hylomesa anomala, Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, M. (M.) heveli, M. (M.) ubiquita, M. (Dryinopsis) taprobane, M. (D.) kandyensis, M. (D.) ceylonica, and M. (D.) anomala. The previously unknown female of Karlissa is described. The following new synonyms are made: Tiphia devalae Allen under T. tegulita Allen; T. conscia Nurse and T batorea Allen under T. decrescens Walker; and T. brevipennis Cameron, T. petri Turner, and T. crinita Roberts under T. hirsuta Smith. Lectotypes are designated for Tiphia conscia Nurse, T. brevipennis Cameron, and Myzine petiolata Smith. The following new combina- tions are made: Myzine dimidiata Guerin, M. claripennis Bingham, and M. petiolata Smith are all transferred to Mesa Saussure.

OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Monlastrea cavemosa (Linnaeus).

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Krombein, Karl V. Biosystematic studies of Ceylonese wasps, IX. (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 374) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs, no.: SI 1.27:374 1. Tiphiidae—Classification. 2. Insects—Classification. 3. Insects—Sri Lanka—Classifica- tion. I. Title. II. Series. QL1.S54 [QL568.T5] no. 374 591s [595.79'8] 82-600154 AACR2 Contents

Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Systematics 2 Distribution and Ecology 3 Treatment of Individual Taxa 5 Family TIPHIIDAE 6 Key to Subfamilies of Ceylonese Tiphiidae 6 Subfamily ANTHOBOSCINAE 8 1. Anthobosca ceylonica, new species 8 Subfamily TIPHIINAE 9 Key to Ceylonese Species of Tiphiinae 11 2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen 20 3. Tiphia tegulita Allen 21 4. Tiphia oswini Turner 22 5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species 24 6. Tiphia kaszabi, new species 25 7. Tiphia sakagamii, new species 26 8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species 28 9. Tiphia hillyardi, new species 29 10. Tiphia bouceki, new species 31 11. Tiphia moczari, new species 33 12. Tiphia tsunekii, new species 34 13. Tiphia gurneyi, new species 35 14. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen 37 15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species 38 16. Tiphia palmi Krombein 40 17. Tiphia decrescens Walker 42 18. Tiphia bakeriana, new species 45 19. Tiphia weismani, new species 45 20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith 46 21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species 49 22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species 51 23. Tiphia wirthi, new species 53 24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species 55 25. Tiphia consueta Smith 57 26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species 59 27. Tiphia hirashimai, new species 61 28. Tiphia dayi, new species 63 29. Tiphia fennahi, new species 66 30. Tiphia wahisi, new species 68 31. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species 69 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Subfamily MYZININAE 70 Key to Ceylonese Species of Myzininae 71 32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin), new combination 73 33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species 74 34. Mesa flavipennis, new species 76 35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham), new combination 77 36. Mesa petiolata (Smith), new combination 79 37. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner) 81 38. Hylomesa anomala, new species 82 Subfamily METHOCHINAE 84 Key to Ceylonese Species of Methochinae 86 39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species 90 40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species 91 41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species 92 42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species 95 43. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species 97 44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new species 98 45. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomala, new species 99 Genus Karlissa Krombein 101 46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron) 101 Literature Cited 104 Figures 106 Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps, IX: A Monograph of the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea)

Karl V. Krombein

Introduction parasitizes larvae of Cerambycidae in burrows in wood, and all members of the Methochinae par- The Tiphiidae, with 46 known species, is one asitize larvae of Cicindelidae either in the soil or of the largest families of Ceylonese aculeate in cavities in twigs. Putative hosts are reported wasps. Thirty-seven species are known from both for the Ceylonese Methochinae in the discussion sexes, and nine from only one sex. In addition, it of that subfamily. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner) was is probable that some species, especially of Ti- reared in India from a cerambycid larva in dead phiinae, still await discovery because three species wood. Hosts of the other Ceylonese Anthobos- of Tiphia are known only from uniques and three cinae, Tiphiinae, and Myzininae are unknown others from two to five specimens each. Tiphiidae but are presumed to be scarabaeid larvae. occur from sea level to at least 2700 meters alti- Until this time relatively few species of Tiphi- tude and in both the Dry Zone and Wet Zone idae have been described from Sri Lanka. The with the average rainfall ranging from 860 to earliest was Tiphia decrescens Walker, 1859. Twen- 3900 millimeters. ty years passed before Smith (1879) described T. Thirty-one species are known only from Sri consueta. Bingham described Methoca [sic] nigra in Lanka, and 15 occur also in India or are more 1896, a species he synonymized a year later as the widely distributed in the Oriental Region. I an- opposite sex of T. consueta. Cameron described ticipate that thorough collecting in South India Methoca [sic] rugosa in 1897, a species now placed will probably demonstrate that some of the 31 in Karhssa. Cameron described Myzine ceylomca in species apparently endemic to Sri Lanka occur 1900, a species now recognized as the opposite sex also in that country. of the Indian Mesa petiolata (Smith). So far as known, all Tiphiidae parasitize co- The preceding number in my series leopterous larvae. Members of most subfamilies "Biosystematic Studies of Ceylonese Wasps" is parasitize larvae of Scarabaeidae in the soil or "VIII: A Monograph of the Philanthidae (Hy- decaying wood, but Hylomesa of the Myzininae menoptera: Sphecoidea)," Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology, 343: 75 pages, 89 figures, 1981. Karl V. Krombein, Senior Scientist, Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash- This present contribution also constitutes num- ington, D.C. 20560. ber XIII of my series "Studies in the Tiphiidae"

1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY but will not be published under that series title. I am grateful to Terry L. Erwin and Gloria The preceding number in that series is "A New House, Department of Entomology, National Genus of Methochinae with Notes on the Subge- Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- nera of Methocha Latreille (Hymenoptera Acu- tution (SI), for providing identifications of a num- leata)," Proceedings of the Entomological Society of ber of species of Cicindelidae that are putative Washington, 81:424-434, 5 figures, 1979. hosts of the several species of Methochinae. T.L. Erwin helpfully brought to my attention the im- portant contributions of Shelford on the behavior ACKNOWLEDGMENTS of arboreal cicindelid larvae. My field work in Sri Lanka was funded by Most illustrations are by George L. Venable, Smithsonian Research Foundation Grant SFG-0- Department of Entomology (SI), but the late 6955, and travel was provided in part by grants Andre Pizzini of the same department made Fig- from the Secretary's Fluid Research Funds. ure 39. Within Sri Lanka I am indebted to Co-Princi- Sandra S. Gingras, Department of Entomology pal Investigator W.T.T.P. Gunawardane, assist- (SI), patiently transcribed and assembled the la- ant in entomology, Department of National Mu- bel data on an extensive number of specimens. seums, for planning itineraries and arranging ac- Mary-Jacque Mann and Susann G. Braden, commodations for our field parties. I am partic- Scanning Electron Microscope Laboratory (SI), ularly grateful to P.B. Karunaratne, former cu- took the photographs, and G.L. Venable pre- rator of insects at the Museum, who accompanied pared those plates. me on many of the field trips which resulted in Finally, I am most grateful to my wife Dorothy the collection of a majority of specimens on which for offering astute editorial comments and for this study is based. assisting in the tedious task of proofing galleys I am indebted to the following for the loan of and page proof. material: P.H. Arnaud, Jr., California Academy of Sciences (San Francisco); C. Besuchet, Natural SYSTEMATICS History Museum, Geneva, Switzerland (Geneva); P. Brinck, Lund University, Sweden (Lund); Six subfamilies are currently recognized in the G.M. Byers, University of Kansas (Lawrence); primitive wasp family Tiphiidae (Brothers, 1975), M.C. Day, British Museum (Natural History) the Anthoboscinae, Thynninae, Tiphiinae, Bra- (London); G.R. Ferguson, Oregon State Univer- chycistidinae, Myzininae, and Methochinae. sity (Corvallis); W.T.T.P. Gunawardane and P.B. Four of these subfamilies occur in Sri Lanka, but Karunaratne, National Museums of Sri Lanka the Brachycistidinae are found only in the desert (Colombo); the late E. Konigsmann, Zoologisches areas of the southwestern Nearctic Region, and Museum (Berlin); L. Masner, Biosystematics Re- the Thynninae range throughout the southern search Institute (Ottawa); L. Moczar, formerly half of the Neotropical Region and in New Zea- Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum Allattara (Buda- land, Australia, and Melanesia westward to Ce- pest); and C.B. Urbani, Naturhistorisches Mu- lebes and northward into the Philippines. seum (Basel). The habitus illustrations (Figures 1-8) of both C. O'Toole, University Museum, Oxford, lent sexes of the Ceylonese subfamilies of Tiphiidae the type series of Myzine petiolata Smith and part should assist readily in placement of these wasps of the type series of Tiphia brevipennis Cameron. in the proper groups. M.C. Day sent syntypes of T. conscia Nurse and The fully winged females of the Anthoboscinae, T. nervosa Nurse, the remainder of the type series Tiphiinae, and Myzininae except Hylomesa Krom- of T. brevipennis Cameron, and the unique type of bein have well-developed modifications for fos- T. hirsuta Smith. sorial existence, such as the enlarged femora and NUMBER 374 tibiae armed on the outer surface with stout from sea level to 2100 ft with an average annual thorns. The female of Hylomesa is unique in having rainfall of 860 to 1950 mm; it occurs also in South a porrect quadrate head with the mandibles India at altitudes ranging from 1400 to 3400 ft. placed anteriorly (Krombein, 1968, pi. 1: figs. 6, 3. Tiphia tegulita Allen: Another uncommon 7), whereas the other tiphiid females from Sri species that occurs in both the Dry Zone and the Lanka have the head short and transverse with Wet Zone at altitudes ranging from 100 to 600 the mandibles placed ventrally. Female Metho- m; it is found also in South India, Nepal, and chinae are remarkable in being completely wing- Assam. less and very antlike in appearance; however, 4. Tiphia oswini Turner: This is a common they lack the characteristic node between the montane species in the Wet Zone of the central thorax and main part of the abdomen. Females highland area around Nuwara Eliya at altitudes of Anthoboscinae differ from those of the Ti- ranging from 1900 to 2700 m. phiinae and Myzininae in having extensive yel- 5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species: This occurs in low maculations, whereas those of the latter two the Wet Zone on Adams Peak at altitudes from subfamilies are entirely black or black and red. 1530 to 1690 m. Females of Tiphiinae have a propodeal areola 6. Tiphia kaszabi, new species: A rare species and the tegulae covering the axillary sclerites of known only from a few males from the Wet Zone the forewing, whereas the propodeal areola is of the central highland area around Nuwara lacking in Myzininae, and the tegulae are smaller Eliya at altitudes from 1650 to 2035 m. and do not completely cover the axillary sclerites. 7. Tiphia sakagamii, new species: This occurs Males of Tiphiinae, Myzininae, and Metho- in several Dry Zone localities at low altitudes chinae are separated from those of all other Cey- from sea level to 100 m. lonese wasps by having the apex of the eighth 8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species: This species abdominal sternum protruding as a stout re- occurs in the Wet Zone in the central hill country curved aculeus. Males of Anthoboscinae lack such and in the Sinharaja Jungle at altitudes ranging an aculeus and have more extensive yellow mac- from several hundred to 2100 ft; it occurs also in ulations than other tiphiids. Male Tiphiinae are the Walayar Forest of South India. stouter than those of Myzininae and Metho- 9. Tiphia hillyardi, new species: This is a rare chinae and lack notauli on the scutum, whereas species of the Wet Zone ranging from several the notauli are weakly defined and oblique in the hundred to 2100 ft with average rainfall of 1950 latter two subfamilies. Finally, males of Myzini- to 3900 mm. nae differ from those of Methochinae in having 10. Tiphia bouceki, new species: This occurs a nodose first abdominal segment. primarily in the Dry Zone in areas of low rainfall but occasionally enters the Wet Zone at moderate altitudes with medium rainfall; it occurs also in DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY the Walayar Forest of South India. This tabulation of species includes notes on 11. Tiphia moczari, new species: This montane distribution within Sri Lanka, the actual distri- species, known only from a few females, occurs in bution for wider ranging species, and remarks on the Nuwara Eliya area from 1650 to 2050 m with ecology. an average annual rainfall of 2160 mm. 1. Anthobosca ceylonica, new species: This new 12. Tiphia tsunekii, new species: This is known species is known only from several localities in the from a unique female taken on Adams Peak at quite arid part of the Dry Zone of northwestern 1610-1690 m, an area of very heavy rainfall. Sri Lanka. 13. Tiphia gurneyi, new species: Closely re- 2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen: This rare species lated to the preceding species, this species occurs occurs both in the Dry Zone and the West Zone most commonlv in lowland rain forest with av- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY erage annual rainfall of as much as 3900 mm, but 21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species: This is an- there is one record from the central hill country other montane species of the Wet Zone confined at 1800 ft with 1950 mm average annual rainfall to the Nuwara Eliya District at altitudes of and one record from a low arid area of the Dry 1650-2135 m. Zone with an average annual rainfall of about 22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species: This is more 1075 mm. common in the Wet Zone in lowland rain forests 14. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen: Within Sri Lanka with average annual rainfall as much as 3900 mm this species occurs in both the Dry Zone and the but occurs sparingly in Dry Zone localities with Wet Zone at altitudes ranging from near sea level as little as 1700 mm. to 6200 ft and with average annual rainfall rang- 23. Tiphia wirthi, new species: This rather un- ing from 1700 to 2400 mm; it was described from common species occurs in both the Dry Zone and South India. the Wet Zone but chiefly in areas receiving no 15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species: This com- more than 1700 mm average annual rainfall and mon widely distributed species is found both in at altitudes near sea level to several hundred feet. the Dry Zone and drier parts of the Wet Zone 24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species: This is an- with average annual rainfall ranging from 1700 other uncommon species known only from the to 2400 mm and at altitudes ranging from sea Colombo District in the Wet Zone and the Trin- level to several hundred ft; it is known also from comalee District in the Dry Zone at low altitudes South India at an altitude of 2900 ft. and average annual rainfall of 2400 mm or less. 16. Tiphia palmi Krombein: This widely dis- 25. Tiphia consueta Smith: This abundant and tributed species occurs in both the Dry Zone and widely distributed species is found in both the the Wet Zone at altitudes of sea level to 1000 ft Dry Zone and the Wet Zone at altitudes from sea with average annual rainfall ranging from 965 to level to at least 2100 ft and with average annual 3900 mm; it also ranges widely through India. rainfall of 1425-3900 mm. 17. Tiphia decrescens Walker: This common species occurs chiefly in the Dry Zone from sea 26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species: This rare spe- level to some 2000 ft with average annual rainfall cies has been collected at only two localities in of 965 to 1725 mm; however, it occurs sparingly the Wet Zone up to 1800 ft and with annual in the Wet Zone where rainfall may be as much rainfall of at least 1950 mm. as 2900 mm; in India it ranges at least as far 27. Tiphia hirashimai, new species: This spe- north as Deesa. cies is common in the central Hill Country of the 18. Tiphia bakeriana, new species: This is Wet Zone at 1800-2100 ft and with average known from a single male collected in the lowland annual rainfall of at least 1950 m. rain forest in the foothills of Adams Peak with an 28. Tiphia dayi, new species: This species is average annual rainfall about 3900 mm. found at higher altitudes (1800-6500 ft) with 19. Tiphia weismani, new species: This is average annual rainfall of 1950-2160 mm. known from a unique female from primary jungle 29. Tiphia fennahi, new species: This species in the Wet Zone at an altitude of a few hundred occupies a range complementary to that of T. feet and with average annual rainfall of about dayi, new species, being found in both the Dry 2400 mm. Zone and the Wet Zone at altitudes near sea level 20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith: Within Sri Lanka to 2200 ft and with average rainfall of 965-3900 this species is found both in the Dry Zone and mm. the Wet Zone in areas of light to moderate aver- 30. Tiphia wahisi, new species: This uncom- age annual rainfall (965-2600 mm) and from sea mon taxon is known from males from two locali- level to 2100 ft; it also occurs throughout India ties, one in the Dry Zone at 200 ft and with about and in Nepal. 1100 mm average rainfall, and the other in the NUMBER 374

Wet Zone at 1000 ft and with over 2000 mm tidal area of a sandy beach in the Dry Zone with rainfall. average annual rainfall of 965 mm; it occurs also 31. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species: This species, in a coastal locality in South India. known only from males, is found mostly in the 40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species: Dry Zone at quite low altitudes and with about This species occurs primarily in the Dry Zone, 2400 mm rainfall. but there is one record from the Wet Zone; it is 32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin): This large un- found near sea level to 200 ft with average annual common species is restricted to the Dry Zone at rainfall of 1075-2400 mm. altitudes near sea level to 1850 ft and with aver- 41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species: age annual rainfall of 965-1500 mm; it occurs This is the most widely distributed taxon in the also throughout India. genus in Sri Lanka, where it occurs in both the 33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species: This is Dry Zone and the Wet Zone at altitudes from 50 known from only two localities on the west coast to some 2000 ft with average annual rainfall of in the Dry Zone and the Wet Zone at very low 860-3900 mm. altitudes and average annual rainfall of 42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new spe- 1110-2400 mm. cies: This is the most widely distributed species 34. Mesa Jlavipennis, new species: This species of the subgenus; it occurs in both the Dry Zone occurs at several localities in the Dry Zone at and the Wet Zone at altitudes near sea level to altitudes of 500 ft or less with average annual 2100 ft and with average annual rainfall of rainfall of 860-1705 mm; it occurs also in South 860-1950 mm. India. 43. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new spe- 35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham): This com- cies: This is known from only a few males from mon species is found in both the Dry Zone and the Kandy area at an elevation of 1800 ft and the Wet Zone, though more commonly in the with average annual rainfall of 1950 mm. former, and at altitudes ranging from sea level to 44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new spe- at least 2100 ft and with average annual rainfall cies: This taxon occurs both in the Dry Zone of 860-2600 mm; it occurs also in India, Tenas- and the Wet Zone at altitudes near sea level to serim, and Burma. 1800 ft and with average annual rainfall of 36. Mesa petiolata (Smith): This common spe- 1725-1950 mm. cies has almost exactly the same range in Sri 45. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomala, new species: Lanka as the preceding except that it occurs also This species is known from just a few males from in areas having average annual rainfall as high both the Dry Zone and the Wet Zone at altitudes as 3900 mm; it is also widely distributed in India. of 330-2100 ft and with average annual rainfall 37. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner): This is rare of 1700-3900 mm. in Sri Lanka and found mostly in the Dry Zone, 46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron): This rare although there is one record from Kandy in the taxon is known from the unique holotype from Wet Zone; it occurs to altitudes of 2100 ft and "Ceylon" and a pair from the most xeric part of with average annual rainfall of 1490-1950 mm; the Dry Zone at an altitude of some 50 ft and it has a wide distribution and occurs also in India, with an average annual rainfall of 860 mm. Assam, Burma, Malaysia, and Philippines.

38. Hylomesa anomala, new species: This rare TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUAL TAXA species has been found in only one locality in the Wet Zone at an altitude of 740-760 m and with The Ceylonese taxa are treated according to average annual rainfall of about 1950 mm. their respective subfamilies. Under each subfam- 39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species: ily heading is a discussion of the number of genera This is known from a single locality in the inter- and species included, their distribution, and bio- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY logical data. There follows a key to the genera 126*, Nuwara Eliya (includes Galway Natural and species of each subfamily. Reserve, One Tree Hill, Mt. Pidurutalagala), In the section following the key are detailed 1900 m, 6500-8200 ft, 2 Jan, 14 Feb, 4 Mar, 28 treatments of each of the species. The references Apr, 10, 27-29 May, 10 Jun, 30-31 Jul, 28 Sep-1 cited beneath each specific heading include the Oct, 8 Oct, 21 Nov, Brinck et al., Davis et al., original description and those of any synonyms, Hevel et al., Karunaratne et al., Keiser, Krom- notes on type fixation when appropriate, and all bein et al., Messersmith et al. (USNM, Colombo, Basel, Lund)." Following the number of speci- other references citing the taxon. mens and locality are specific dates of collection, Several paragraphs of discussion follow on such except that the year is omitted. Dates are followed subjects as distribution, synonymy, type fixation by names of collectors, except that only the name where required, and differentiating characters. of the first collector is cited from a label bearing Next are descriptions of the female and male the names of two or more collectors. Finally the when both sexes are known. Finally there is a depositories in which the specimens are located listing of the specimens examined arranged by are cited in parentheses. The only abbreviation province and district. used is USNM (former United States National Label data are given in full for the type series Museum collections deposited in the National of all new species. Label data for specimens of Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Insti- previously described taxa have been consolidated tution); other depositories in parentheses are insofar as possible. For example, one consolidated more fully identified in paragraph 3, "Acknowl- record under "4. Tiphia oswini Turner" reads "9$, edgments."

Family TIPHIIDAE

Key to Subfamilies of Ceylonese Tiphiidae

1. FEMALES: Antenna 12-segmented; abdomen with 6 exposed segments, dorsum of sixth usually with a triangular, gently convex pygidial area, but normally retracted seventh tergum exposed in Methochinae; sexual dimorphism well developed, apterous Methochinae very slender and with antlike habitus, other subfamilies stout-bodied forms with exterior surface of mid and hind tibiae with short, heavy thorns and foretarsus with a well-developed pecten except in Hylomesa Krombein (Myzininae) 2 MALES: Antenna 13-segmented; abdomen with 7 exposed segments, pygi- dial plate usually lacking, and eighth sternum protruding as a stout reflexed aculeus except in Anthoboscinae; sexual dimorphism well de- veloped, all species fully winged, body slender, and legs without modi- fications for fossorial use 5 2. Slender, wingless, antlike forms [Figure 8]; tibial spur formula 1-1-1; mesosternum truncate posteriorly and with a tooth or rounded angle in front of mid coxa; inner angle of mid coxa not overlaid by a triangular lamella; pygidial area glossy and relatively impunctate METHOCHINAE NUMBER 374

Stout, fully winged forms; tibial spur formula 1-2-2; inner angle of midcoxa overlaid by mesosternum in the form of a thin lamella except in Hylomesa (Myzininae); pygidial area punctate, longitudinally striate or shagreened, or a combination of 2 of these 3 3. Antennae arising beneath a pair of large frontal tubercles, apparently only 11-segmented because the pedicel is recessed into the apex of the scape [Figure 6]; tarsal claws cleft; forewing with closed marginal cell and 3 submarginal cells; mesopleuron without anterior vertical ridge MYZININAE Front without tubercles overlying antennal bases, antenna 12-segmented, pedicel not recessed into scape; others characters not all as given above 4 4. Body predominantly black, pronotum occasionally with testaceous poste- rior margin; mandible, antenna, tegula, and legs frequently red or testaceous in part or entirely; mesopleuron with a vertical ridge ante- riorly; marginal cell open, costa not present beyond stigma [Figure 4], 2 submarginal cells; tarsal claws cleft TIPHIINAE Body abundantly marked with yellow including mandible and foreleg; mesopleuron without anterior ridge; marginal cell closed, costa complete to apex of cell [Figure 2], 3 submarginal cells; tarsal claws with 3 teeth ANTHOBOSCINAE 5. Forewing with 2 submarginal cells; integument black except hind margin of pronotum testaceous in a few Tiphiinae, appendages occasionally red in part or entirely; eighth sternum protruding as a stout reflexed aculeus 6 Forewing with 3 submarginal cells; integument black with relatively abun- dant yellow markings, except in Hylomesa (Myzininae) in which the head is red and Mesa dimidiata (Myzininae) which has infuscated fore- wings, legs black-and-yellow in most species 7 6. Antennae arising beneath small frontal tubercles [Figure 7]; clypeus with a median process near base; tegula not covering axillary sclerites of forewing; anal lobe of hind wing shorter than submedian cell; dorsal surface of propodeum without enclosed median areola, rounding grad- ually into posterior surface METHOCHINAE Front without tubercles overlying antennal insertions [Figure 3]; clypeus gently convex or flat, without median process at base; tegula larger, covering axillary sclerites of forewing; anal lobe of hind wing longer than submedian cell; dorsal surface of propodeum with an enclosed median areola, separated from posterior declivous surface by a strong transverse ridge TIPHIINAE 7. Antennae arising beneath a pair of large frontal tubercles, apparently only 12-segmented because pedicel is recessed into apex of scape [Figure 5]: eighth sternum protruding as a stout reflexed aculeus; first tergum nodose at apex; occipital carina present MYZININAE Front without tubercles overlying antennal bases, antenna 13-segmented, pedicel not recessed into apex of scape [Figure I]; eighth sternum simple, Ungulate, not reflexed; first tergum gradually broadened, not nodose at apex; occipital carina absent ANTHOBOSCINAE SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Subfamily ANTHOBOSCINAE lected in January 1978 at two localities only 15 miles north of the type-locality. The only representative of this subfamily is HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Northern Province, Anthobosca ceylonica, new species, a species distinct Mannar District, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte Bungalow, from all other Ceylonese tiphiids in that both Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25 May 1976, K.V. sexes are profusely maculated with pale yellow. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Bal- Other distinguishing characters are mentioned in asooriya (USNM Type 100258). the foregoing key to subfamilies. FEMALE (Figure 2).—Length 8.5 mm, forewing The genus Anthobosca occurs chiefly in the 5.2 mm. Black, the following pale yellow: clypeus, Southern Hemisphere where a number of species stripe along inner eye margin, tiny spot on middle have been described from Australia, South Amer- of front, narrow lateral stripe on occiput behind ica, and Africa, but none from the Orient. To eye, anterolateral spot on pronotum and narrow date, the genus has not been recorded from India, posterior band, large posterolateral spot on pro- and the closest geographical relative of A. ceylonica podeum, lateral elliptical spots on middle of first is A. arabica Turner, described from Aden and four abdominal terga, that on first quite small known only from the female. and narrow, those on second to fourth broader A Chilean species of Anthobosca has been re- and larger, and narrow stripe on outer surface of corded as a parasite of a scarabaeid larva in the foretibia; the following ferruginous—mandible, soil. It is presumed that the single Ceylonese antenna, and tarsi. Vestiture relatively sparse, species has a similar host, for the female wasp has glittering white, but dense, fiery red and subde- the legs strongly modified for fossorial use. cumbent on sixth abdominal tergum. Wings slightly infumated, stigma dark brown, veins tes- taceous. 1. Anthobosca ceylonica, new species Head 1.2 times as broad as high (apex of

FIGURES 1, 2, 9 clypeus to occiput); interantennal distance 1.4 times antennocular distance; apical margin of This Dry Zone species, known only from the median lobe of clypeus gently rounded; ocelli in northwestern part of Sri Lanka, is distinguished a low triangle, postocellar distance 0.8 times ocel- from its closest geographical relative, the Arabian locular distance and subequal to ocelloccipital A. arabica Turner as follows: clypeal margin gently distance; front with small punctures, on lower rounded instead of truncate; apex of pygidium half separated from each other by about the shagreened rather than finely punctate; marginal diameter of a puncture, becoming sparser above; cell narrowly truncate at apex, not rounded, and vertex similarly punctate, quite sparsely behind extending slightly beyond third submarginal cell; ocelli and more densely toward side. clypeus with a yellow spot; scutellum lacking a Pronotal disk with small punctures mostly sep- yellow band; and wings slightly infumated rather arated by at least the diameter of a puncture but than hyaline. closer along posterior margin; scutum with punc- Most of the type series was collected 22-25 tures a bit larger, scattered on middle of disk and May 1976 just north of the Modaragam Aru near crowded toward notauli; scutellum with coarser, Kokmotte Bungalow, Wilpattu National Park. very scattered punctures; mesopleural disk with One female and 10 males were collected with larger punctures separated by less than the di- hand nets, and 16 males were caught in a Malaise ameter of a puncture; propodeal dorsum with trap. We revisited this locality during January quite small contiguous punctures, lateral surface and October 1977 and February 1979 and set the smooth, posterior surface finely roughened; tarsal Malaise trap at the identical site, but we obtained claws 3-toothed; marginal cell narrowly truncate no additional specimens. Two females were col- at apex. NUMBER 374

Pygidium on anterior half with dense, coarse, Sri Lanka (Colombo), and in the British Museum subdecumbent setae, posterior half shagreened. (Natural History). ALLOTYPE.—6*, same label data as type The female paratypes are 7.5 mm and 11.0 mm (USNM). long. Both females have larger yellow markings MALE (Figure 1).—Length 9.5 mm, forewing than does the holotype, and in addition each has 6.5 mm. Black, the following pale yellow: basal a small lateral spot on scutum, a small spot above half of mandible, clypeus, stripe along inner eye on mesopleuron, a spot at base of propodeum and margin, small oblique spot behind eye above, a pair of median spots on posterior surface, and apex of scape beneath, pronotum entirely except small spots at apices of outer surface of all femora. anterior slope and upper half of lateral aspect, Male paratypes are 5.4-10.0 mm long. There is spot on tegula, disk of scutellum, spot on middle considerable variation in the number and size of of postscutellum, oblique spot above on meso- yellow maculations, and smaller specimens are pleuron, posterolateral spot on propodeum and a darker. The most brightly marked specimen has median spot on posterior surface, large ovoid larger spots on the abdomen, the spots on second lateral spots on second to fourth abdominal terga meeting on midline, and those on third and and smaller one on fifth, apex of forecoxa, apices fourth are narrowly separated, the femoral and of all femora externally, tibiae almost entirely propodeal markings are more extensive, and the except dark blotch on posterior, and all tarsi. first abdominal tergum has a small oblique spot Vestiture glittering white, relatively short and on side. The least maculated specimen has much dense on head and thorax, shorter, decumbent smaller maculations on front, vertex, abdominal and cinereous on abdomen. Wings almost clear, terga, femora and tibiae, the pronotum has only stigma dark brown, veins light brown. a posterior band on dorsum and tiny spot on Head rounded, width 1.1 times height; inter- lateral surface, and yellow spots are lacking on antennal distance subequal to antennocular dis- scutellum, postscutellum, mesopleuron and pro- tance; ocelli in a low triangle, postocellar distance podeum. 0.9 times both ocellocular and ocelloccipital dis- tances; median lobe of clypeus bidentate at apex, Subfamily TIPHIINAE shallowly emarginate between teeth; front finely and closely punctate; vertex with slightly larger Tiphia Fabricius is the only genus of Tiphiinae and more separated punctures. that occurs in Sri Lanka. It is one of the most Thorax rather uniformly finely and closely difficult genera in the Ceylonese wasp fauna in- punctate; propodeum with even smaller and sofar as specific discrimination is concerned. more crowded punctures; tarsal claws with three There are many species; sex associations are some- teeth. times difficult because of the sexual dimorphism, Abdomen with close, delicate punctation ex- and some species exhibit a disconcerting degree cept sixth and seventh terga with larger punc- of variability in punctation and reddening of the tures, contiguous on latter segment; genitalia appendages. Thirty species have been collected in (Figure 9). Sri Lanka, 21 species occurring in Sri Lanka only, PARATYPES.—25c?, same label data as type. and nine occurring also in India. It is more than Mannar District: 19, Silavathurai, 24 Jan 1978, likely that some Dry Zone species now known P.B. Karunaratne (USNM); 1$, Kondachchi, 26 only from Sri Lanka will be found in South India Jan 1978, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM); 26, Sila- also when more thorough collecting is done in vathurai, Kondachchi, 23-27 Jan 1978, in Ma- that area. Furthermore, six Ceylonese species are laise trap, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. known from less than six specimens, three of them Jayaweera, G. Ratnavira (USNM). Paratypes from uniques, so it is quite probable that we have have been deposited in the National Museums of not yet obtained the entire tiphiine fauna. 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Bingham (1896:431) recorded 71 rufofemorata sexes are T. carvalhoi, new species, 71 hillyardi, new Smith from Sri Lanka, but this was certainly a species, 71 kurczewskii, new species, 71 pulawskn, misidentification of this Indian species; consider- new species, T. palmi Krombein, T. sakagamn, new ing the locality from which he recorded it, I species, T. tegulita Allen, T. vanlithi, new species, suspect that he had a female of what is described and 71 wirthi, new species. The female of 71 herein as T. dayi, new species. gurneyi, new species, has predominantly reddish The wealth of material collected during my 12 legs, but not the male. The male of 71 bouceki, new field trips in Sri Lanka has enabled me to make species, has reddish legs, but not the female. The sex associations in 23 of the 30 species obtained. females of 71 weismani and T. tsunekii have light Previously, only the two sexes of T. oswini Turner red legs, but the males are unknown. had been associated. Of the seven remaining Females of T. dayi, T. fennahi, new species, and species, all of them new, three are known only 71 hirashimai, new species, have dark legs except from females (71 moczari, T. tsunekii, and 71 weis- for the bright red mid and hind femora. Legs of mani) and four only from males (7! bakeriana, T. their respective males are mostly dark, and the kaszabi, 71 sabroskyi, and 71 wahisi). sexes are associated on the basis of relative density Ideally, sex associations are based on the cap- of punctation, size and occurrence at some of the ture of mating pairs; however, only rarely are same localities, and, in the case of 71 dayi, on the species of Tiphia taken in copula, suggesting that basis of the capture of a pair in copula. the female mates only once and for a relatively Similarly colored wings in both sexes is ex- brief period. The only records I have are my tremely unusual. It occurs only in 71 pulawsku, capture in copula of a pair of 71 dayi, new species, which has bright yellow wings in both sexes. and of a pair of T. consueta Smith. P.B. Karunar- Normally, the female forewing is darker, ranging atne captured newly emerged females and males from infumated to infuscated, whereas in males of T. hirsuta Smith on the ground at the Colombo the forewing is clear or only slightly infumated. Museum but observed no mating. I have seen Two species, T. hillyardi and T. hirsuta, have yellow two newly emerged females of T. dayi and one of forewings in the female but clear or lightly infu- T. tsunekii resting quietly on foliage. I suspect that mated wings respectively in the male. they were ready to mate and were releasing a The shape of the tegula is the same in both pheromone to attract males. Newly emerged sexes, and the color is usually similar, so these are wingless females of a new mutillid genus and useful corroborating characters for sex associa- species to be described by B0rge Petersen behave tions. Most species have tegulae with a more or similarly, and the pair is often caught on the less circular outline (Figure 41) and with the foliage or in flight. length only slightly greater than the width, but The rarity of mating pairs requires that sex nine species have elongate tegulae (Figure 42) associations be based on other criteria. One im- with the length at least 1.5 times greater than the portant criterion is the capture of both sexes at width. Frequently the tegula is opaque black in several localities. These data must be considered both sexes, but there are some species with the together with characters such as coloration of the posterior part and outer edge transparent and legs, antennae and wings, the shape and color of light brown or testaceous, and so part of the the tegulae, and comparative density of the punc- axillary sclerites of the forewing may be seen, and tation which is sometimes similar in the two sexes. other species have the entire tegula transparent Female species with light red legs and antennae and testaceous or light red, so all of the axillary usually have males with similar coloration except sclerites may be seen. that parts of the legs, especially the hind tarsi, Emergence from the soil may occur during and the dorsal surface of the antennae may be periods of inclement weather. At Nuwara Eliya infuscated. Species having such coloration in both during a continual overcast and very light drizzle, NUMBER 374 11

newly emerged males and females were alighting genus and indicate that the females lead a fosso- on foliage, but no mating was observed. During rial existence searching for host larvae. Some a period of two hours, we collected a female of T. Ceylonese species have the tarsal pecten com- pulawskit, new species, five pairs of T. oswini, three posed of shorter, weaker spines than is normal, females of T. moczari, and eight females and 25 and the mid and hind tibiae may bear fewer and males of T. dayi. On the Adams Peak Trail under weaker thorns. These developments suggest that constant overcast and intermittent heavier show- the host larvae may occur in a more friable ers, we collected the type series of T. leclercqi, new substrate such as sand or decaying wood. species (1$, 56), and the unique female of T. The limited distribution and scarcity of some tsunekii. species suggests that they may be host specific or Hosts of the Ceylonese Tiphia are unknown. It confined to hosts in very specialized ecological is presumed that they will consist of subterranean niches. Taxonomic difficulties due to variability scarabaeid larvae, as has been ascertained for a in wide-ranging, common species may be associ- number of species from India, China, Korea, and ated with a broad host spectrum. Japan. Females of the Ceylonese species have a I have named certain new species for some pecten of spines along the posterior margin of the collaborators on the Smithsonian Ceylonese In- foretarsus and an armature of short coarse thorns sect Project and others for some of the specialists covering the outer surfaces of the mid and hind who furnished identifications of prey, hosts, or tibiae (Figure 4a,b). These are normal for the parasites of Ceylonese solitary wasps.

Key to Ceylonese Species of Tiphiinae

(Males of the following new species are unknown: Tiphia moczari, T. tsunekii, and T. weismani; females of the following new species are unknown: T. bakeriana, T. kaszabi, T. sabroskyi, and T. wahisi)

1. FEMALES [Figure 4]: Antenna 12-segmented; 6 visible abdominal segments, the last tergum flattened and with a pygidial area 2 MALES [Figure 3]: Antenna 13-segmented; 7 visible abdominal segments, the last sternum terminating in a recurved, upwardly directed hook 27 2. Tegula at least 1.5 times as long as broad [cf. Figure 42] 3 Tegula at most slightly longer than wide [Figure 41] 10 3. Propodeal areola quinquecarinate [cf. Figure 51]; hind basitarsus without longitudinal groove on inner surface [cf. Figure 44]; mandible, antenna, tegula, and legs except coxae light red 3. Tiphia tegulita Allen Propodeal areola tricarinate [cf. Figure 52]; hind basitarsus with a longi- tudinal groove of varying length on inner surface [cf. Figure 43]; appendages sometimes darker, sometimes colored as above 4 4. Lateral third of second abdominal tergum usually with many elongate pits; lower front with a strong, median longitudinal crest above antennae 5 Pits on second tergum, if present, rounded not elongate, this area usually punctate only; front with a median crest only in T. leclercqi, new species 7 5. Forewing bright yellow on basal half, veins amber; antenna, tegula, and 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

legs except coxae light red; vestiture golden; many of elongate pits on second tergum confluent in longitudinal rows 9. Tiphia hillyardi, new species Forewing lightly infumated or light yellow, veins amber or light brown; antenna, legs and anterior half or two-thirds of tegula dark, posterior half or third light brown and transparent; vestiture silvery; pits of second tergum sometimes not confluent in longitudinal rows, sometimes less elongate than in T. hillyardi 6 6. Forewing infumated, veins light brown; propodeal areola with basal width usually 1.1 times apical width; posterior third of tegula transparent 8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species Forewing light yellow, veins amber; propodeal areola twice as wide at base as at apex; posterior half of tegula transparent 10. Tiphia bouceki, new species 7. Larger forms, 10-13 mm long; antenna, tegula, and legs dark; lower two- thirds of lateral surface of pronotum with close, moderate to coarse oblique rugulae and a strong, median oblique groove; sensorium of hind tibia large, not impressed; apical third of pygidium sha- greened 8 Smaller forms, 6-8 mm long; antenna at least beneath, tegula and legs except coxae light red; lower two-thirds of lateral surface of pronotum smooth and shagreened or with only a few delicate, oblique rugulae and usually without a strong, median oblique groove; sensorium of hind tibia smaller, impressed; apical third of pygidium glossy 9 8. Front with median crest above antennae lacking or very weak; scutum anteriorly with a complete transverse carina extending to parapsidal furrows; disk of first abdominal tergum with a small, median chestnut mark 4. Tiphia oswini Turner Front with strong median crest above antennae; scutum anteriorly with transverse carina present only on median third; disk of first tergum entirely black 5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species 9. Upper half of front with a few impunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus, but many punctures separated by the diameter of a puncture or less; many punctures of mesopleural disk of similar density; subapical punctation of first abdominal tergum mostly 2 punctures wide 7. Tiphia sakagamii, new species Upper half of front with only a few, quite scattered punctures; most punctures of mesopleural disk separated by considerably more than the diameter of a puncture; subapical punctation of first tergum 1 puncture wide; male unknown 11. Tiphia moczari, new species 10. Disk of first abdominal tergum with a strong anterior transverse ridge; mesopleuron with large pits of third degree density scattered on a surface with dense minute setigerous punctures giving surface a seri- ceous appearance 2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen First tergum not ridged anteriorly; mesopleuron without dense minute setigerous punctures, surface not sericeous 11 NUMBER 374 13

11. Hind basitarsus without a groove on inner surface [Figure 44]; hind tibia without a carina on inner surface [Figure 46]; propodeal areola bi-, tri-, or quinquecarinate 12 Hind basitarsus with a groove on inner surface [Figure 43] or if groove very short or evanescent as in some specimens of T. consueta Smith, then inner surface of hind tibia with a longitudinal carina [Figure 45]; propodeal areola tricarinate 23 12. Wings yellow, veins yellow to testaceous 13 Wings not yellow, usually feebly to strongly infumated with brownish, veins amber to brown 14 13. Mandible, antenna, posterior margin of pronotum, tegula, legs, and pygidium light red; erect vestiture golden with a reddish cast; puncta- tion relatively much sparser, front with several impunctate areas larger than an ocellus, disk of mesopleuron with punctures separated by at least the diameter of a puncture ... 21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species These parts black except mandible and tegula dark red; erect vestiture silvery; punctation relatively much denser, front without impunctate - interspaces except beneath anterior ocellus, disk of mesopleuron with punctures mostly separated by half the diameter of a puncture 20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith 14. Area between propodeal areola and side of propodeum with a sinuous carina running nearly the entire length of surface [Figure 51], the areola usually longitudinally quinquecarinate, rarely tricarinate 15 This area without such a carina, the areola usually tricarinate [cf. Figure 52], sometimes bicarinate in 1 species 16 15. Propodeal areola tricarinate; mid and hind tibiae not inflated [cf. Figure 47], 2.7 times as long as wide; pronotum not ridged anteriorly; mid and hind femora and all tibiae light red; male unknown 19. Tiphia weismani, new species Propodeal areola quinquecarinate, rarely tricarinate, carinae between median and lateral carinae not extending to apex of areola; mid and hind tibiae inflated [Figure 48], 2.2 times as long as wide; pronotum weakly ridged anteriorly; legs dark except tarsi occasionally reddish in part 17. Tiphia decrescens Walker 16. Propodeal areola with lateral carinae only, the surface irregularly pitted, occasionally tricarinate and not pitted; mid and hind femora and tibiae bright red; tibiae of these legs darker than femora and inflated, 2.4 times as long as broad, hind margin strongly rounded; base of second tergum broadly grooved and with coarse, short longitudinal rugulae; front, vertex and pronotal disk mostly contiguously punctate 13. Tiphia gurneyi, new species Areola tricarinate, median carina usually strong and complete, surface usually not pitted; basal groove on second tergum not so deep, and rugulae, if present, very delicate and not extending completely across tergum; front, vertex and pronotal disk with more separated punctures 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

except in T. tsunekii, new species, which has legs except coxae light red 17 17. Legs black, or at most dark brown 18 Legs except coxae light red, hind tarsus and foretibia frequently infuscated 19 18. Mid and hind tibiae broadened [cf. Figure 48], twice as long as wide; hind tibia with sensorium rounded, not impressed 14. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen Mid and hind tibiae normal [cf. Figure 47], 2.8 times as long as wide; hind tibia with sensorium elongate, impressed 22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species 19. Mid and hind tibiae not broadened [cf. Figure 47], 3 times as long as wide; apical half of pygidium glossy, smooth 20 Mid and hind tibiae broadened [cf. Figure 48], 2.0-2.5 times as long as broad; carinae of areola not margined by crenulate grooves 21 20. Carinae of propodeal areola margined by crenulate grooves; anterior escarpment of scutum present only in middle, not extending to notauli; only flagellum light red beneath 23. Tiphia wirthiy new species Carinae of areola not margined by crenulate grooves; anterior escarpment of scutum complete, extending to notauli; antenna entirely light red 24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species 21. Large species, 12 mm long; head and thoracic dorsum with suberect golden vestiture; front, vertex and thoracic dorsum with dense punc- tation, interspaces much less than diameter of a puncture; abdominal punctation sparser than in following species, disk of second tergum with a very few scattered, tiny punctures; male unknown 12. Tiphia tsunekii, new species Smaller species, not over 8 mm long; head and thorax with silvery vestiture; front, vertex, and thoracic dorsum with more scattered punc- tures, most of them separated by at least half or more the diameter of a puncture; abdominal punctation denser, disk of second tergum with numerous punctures separated by about the diameter of a puncture 22 22. Apical half of pygidium with fine, close longitudinal wrinkles; pronotal punctation sparser, most punctures separated by more than the diam- eter of a puncture; punctures near apical margin of first tergum 2 rows wide across middle; hind tibia not so strongly inflated, 2.5 times as long as wide 15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species Apical half of pygidium glossy, smooth; pronotal punctation denser, many punctures separated by less than the diameter of a puncture; punctures near apical margin of first tergum 1 row wide across middle; hind tibia more strongly inflated, 2.0 times as long as wide 16. Tiphia pa/mi Krombein 23. Legs dark; posterior surface of propodeum with median carina complete; lateral pronotal surface with deep oblique groove; groove on inner surface of hind basitarsus 0.3-0.5 times as long as segment, occasionally NUMBER 374 15

evanescent; tegula usually mostly black, opaque 25. Tiphia consueta Smith At least mid and hind femora light red; posterior surface of propodeum with median carina absent or present only on lower half 24 24. Legs except coxae, median lobe of clypeus, and antenna light red; erect vestiture of head and pronotum reddish golden 26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species Only mid and hind femora light red, tibiae, tarsi, clypeus, and antenna black to dark red 25 25. Larger species, 12-17 mm long; frontal punctation quite dense, those on upper part mostly subcontiguous, no impunctate interspaces except immediately below anterior ocellus; apical lobe of clypeus very broad, margin evenly and broadly rounded [Figure 49] 27. Tiphia hirashimai, new species Smaller species, 8-11 mm long; frontal punctation sparser, those on upper part usually separated by at least half the diameter of a puncture and usually with 1 or more impunctate interspaces as wide as or wider than an ocellus; apical lobe of clypeus narrow, the margin slightly emargin- ate [cf. Figure 51] 26 26. Subapical band of small punctures on first tergum only 1 puncture in width across middle of segment; usually less densely punctate, upper front with several impunctate areas wider than an ocellus, many of discal punctures on mesopleuron separated by 1 to several times the diameter of a puncture 28. Tiphia dayi, new species Subapical band 2 punctures in width across middle of first tergum; usually more densely punctate, upper front with fewer and smaller impunctate areas, most discal punctures on mesopleuron separated by the diameter of a puncture at most 29. Tiphia fennahi, new species 27. Disk of first abdominal tergum with a strong, anterior transverse ridge behind which are short longitudinal rugulae; punctures posteriorly on first tergum coarse; fifth sternum with a weak posterolateral process 2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen Disk of first tergum not ridged anteriorly 28 28. Tegula elongate, at least 1.5 times as long as wide [Figure 42] 29 Tegula shorter, not much longer than broad [Figure 41] 36 29. Sixth abdominal sternum clothed with dense, short suberect setae arising from subcontiguous punctures, in profile forming a conspicuous tuft except when many of bristles have been denuded [cf. Figure 57] 8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species Sixth sternum without such a tuft, the setae sparser and arising from more separated punctures [cf. Figure 58] 30 30. Legs, except coxae, and antenna beneath light red; posterolateral process on fifth abdominal sternum high, curved and overlying an invagination [cf. Figure 56]; upper part of front sparsely punctate and glossy; hind tibia without carina or polished streak on inner surface; propodeal 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

areola occasionally obscurely quinquecarinate 3. Tiphia tegulita Allen Legs, except coxae, and antenna sometimes light red, sometimes dark or at most with fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red; process on fifth sternum lower, not overlying an invagination [cf. Figure 55]; inner surface of hind tibia with a longitudinal carina or polished streak; propodeal areola tricarinate 31 31. Lower front with a median carina 32 Lower front not carinate 33 32. Legs, except coxae, and tegula light red; subapical row of punctures on first abdominal tergum only 1 puncture wide 9. Tiphia hiJJyardi, new species At most the fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red; basal half of tegula dark, apical half testaceous; subapical row of first tergum 2 punctures wide except in smaller specimens 10. Tiphia bouceki, new species 33. Tegula glossy, transparent, testaceous on apical half; tibiae and tarsi and occasionally femora, in part or entirely, light red 7. Tiphia sakagamii, new species Tegula shagreened, opaque; legs usually entirely dark, at most fore and mid tibiae beneath and tarsi reddish 34 34. Smaller species not over 5.5 mm long; fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red at least beneath; subapical row of punctures on first abdominal tergum consisting of shallow, narrow elongate gouges contiguous across middle; upper front sparsely punctate and with large impunctate areas several times as large as an ocellus; mesopleural disk with small scattered punctures, mostly separated by at least 3 times the diameter of a puncture; female unknown 6. Tiphia kaszabi, new species Larger species, rarely as small as 6.0 mm long; legs dark, fore tibia and tarsus very rarely light red beneath; subapical row of punctures on first tergum round and not so crowded; upper front more closely punctate, impunctate areas no wider than an ocellus; mesopleural disk more closely punctate, interspaces usually no greater than twice the diameter of a puncture 35 35. Upper front without impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus; clypeal lobe with apical margin shallowly emarginate and lateral angles ob- tusely angulate and rounded; lower half of lateral surface of pronotum with close, strong oblique rugulae 4. Tiphia oswini Turner Upper front with 2 impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus; clypeal lobe with apical margin deeply emarginate and lateral angles more sharply angled; lower half of lateral surface of pronotum with a few weak, short rugulae or none at all ... 5. Tiphia leclercqi, new species 36. Legs except coxae light red, hind tarsi occasionally brownish; flagellum usually light red, at least beneath 37 Legs predominantly black or dark brown, tibiae and tarsi occasionally light red; flagellum black or dark brown, light red beneath 41 37. Marginal cell extending well beyond second submarginal cell 38 NUMBER 374 17

Second submarginal cell extending almost as far toward wing apex as marginal cell 40 38. Scape and pedicel light red, flagellum infuscated, all coxae dark; mandible with a preapical denticle on inner margin [cf. Figures 59, 60, 62]; pronotal ridge with a series of short perpendicular carinae posteriorly 26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species Antenna entirely light red as well as mid and hind coxae; mandible with or without a preapical denticle on inner margin [cf. Figures 59-62]; pronotal ridge without a series of short perpendicular carinae posteriorly 39 39. Posterolateral process of fifth sternum straight, longitudinal [Figure 55]; lateral surface of pronotum without rugulae on lower half, anterior margin not sharply raised; first abdominal segment slender, disk of tergum 0.8 times as long as apical width; forewing membrane yellowish 21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species Process of fifth sternum curved, oblique; lateral surface of pronotum with close rugulae on lower half, anterior margin sharply raised; first abdom- inal segment broader, disk of tergum 0.6 times as long as wide; forewing membrane colorless 15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species 40. Apical margin of clypeal lobe bilobate, narrowly emarginate in middle; inner margin of mandible with a weak subapical denticle; posterolateral process of fifth abdominal sternum curved, oblique, well developed 23. Tiphia wirthi, new species Apical margin of clypeal lobe subtruncate or weakly and more broadly emarginate; inner margin of mandible without subapical denticle [cf. Figure 61]; posterolateral process of fifth sternum evanescent or, when present, weaker and oblique 16. Tiphia palmi Krombein 41. Sixth abdominal sternum clothed with dense, short, suberect hair arising from contiguous punctures, the tuft most conspicuous in profile [Figure 57] 42 Sixth sternum with more scattered subdecumbent vestiture [Figure 58] 45 42. Posterolateral process on fifth abdominal sternum higher, its posterior part overlying a pocket-like depression along inner edge [Figure 56]; apical fringes of second to sixth abdominal segments white, extremely long [Figure 53]; clypeus and lower front with dense, decumbent silvery vestiture [Figure 64] 20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith Posterolateral process of fifth sternum lower, not overlying a depression [cf. Figure 55]; apical fringes of abdominal segments shorter [cf. Figure 54]; clypeus and lower front without dense vestiture [Figure 63] 43 43. Second submarginal cell extending almost as far as marginal cell toward apex of forewing; dorsal surface of first abdominal tergum 2.1-2.3 times as broad as long, strip of preapical punctures 2 punctures wide and separated from apical margin by width of punctate strip; tibiae and tarsi light red except hind tarsi sometimes infuscated 24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Second submarginal cell farther removed from apex of forewing than marginal cell, usually by a distance as great as apical width of latter cell; dorsal surface of first abdominal tergum 1.5-1.9 times as broad as long, strip of preapical punctures 1 or 2 punctures wide across at least middle of tergum and separated from apical margin by twice or more the width of punctate strip 44 44. Posterior margin of pronotal disk, transparent tegula, tibiae, and tarsi light red; short perpendicular carinae behind pronotal ridge weak or lacking, disk medially with punctures separated by half the diameter of a puncture 17. Tiphia decrescens Walker Tegula opaque and dark, only foretibia and tarsus and mid tibia light red; short perpendicular carinae well developed behind pronotal ridge, disk medially with subcontiguous punctures; female unknown 18. Tiphia bakeriana, new species 45. Second submarginal cell extending as far or almost as far toward apex of forewing as the marginal cell which is short, rounded apically, and not forming an acute angle with costa; median lobe of clypeus with narrow truncate apex; posterolateral process of fifth sternum high, slightly arcuate, mainly longitudinal; tarsi light red or testaceous; female unknown 30. Tiphia wahisi, new species Apex of marginal cell meeting costa at an acute angle, the cell extending decidedly closer to apex of forewing than second submarginal, usually by a distance equal to half the length of vein closing second submar- ginal; otherwise with a different combination of characters, i.e., either apical margin of clypeal lobe emarginate, posterolateral process of fifth sternum oblique or transverse, or tarsi dark 46 46. Tegula testaceous and transparent except inner anterior section, wing base visible beneath 47 Tegula dark, opaque, wing base not visible 48 47. Anterior transverse ridge of pronotal disk without a series of strong, short perpendicular carinae along posterior edge; dorsal surface of propo- deum without a sinuous carina between lateral ridge and areola, the latter with sides converging only slightly toward apex; upper part of lateral surface of propodeum with closer weaker oblique carinae on upper section; posterolateral process on fifth abdominal sternum ar- cuate, mainly longitudinally oriented 22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species Anterior ridge of pronotum with a series of strong, short perpendicular carinae along posterior edge; dorsal surface of propodeum with a sinuous carina between lateral ridge and areola, the latter with sides converging more strongly toward apex; lateral surface of propodeum with strong, sparse oblique carinae on upper section; posterolateral process of fifth sternum arcuate, mainly transversely oriented; female unknown 31. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species NUMBER 374 19

48. Inner surface of hind tibia with a median longitudinal ridge or narrow bare strip, remainder of surface with dense, short suberect setae .49 Inner surface of hind tibia without a bare strip or carina, the surface uniformly covered with such setae 53 49. Mandible without a subapical denticle on inner margin [Figure 61]; posterior surface of propodeum with median carina extending to or almost to upper margin 50 Mandible with a weak to strong subapical denticle on inner margin [Figures 59, 62], the denticle eroded in worn specimens; posterior surface of propodeum with median carina on lower two-thirds at most 51 50. Front with most punctures subcontiguous except for very narrow, smooth median strip; disk of first tergum twice as broad as median length, anterior half with denser small punctures, preapical strip with small contiguous punctures at least 2 punctures in width; anterior half of first sternum with small close punctures; disk of mesopleuron with most punctures separated by less than the diameter of a puncture 13. Tiphia gurneyi, new species Some parts of upper front with most punctures separated by half the diameter of a puncture; disk of first tergum 1.6 times as broad as long, anterior half with scattered small punctures, preapical strip with small subcontiguous punctures; anterior half of first sternum with scattered small punctures; disk of mesopleuron with a number of punctures separated by the diameter of a puncture. .25. Tiphia consueta Smith 51. Erect vestiture black; first abdominal segment narrower, 1.3-1.4 times as long as broad 28. Tiphia dayi, new species Erect vestiture white, tinged with yellow at apex of abdomen; first abdominal segment 1.1-1.3 times as long as broad 52 52. Disk of first tergum 1.8 times as broad as median length, anterior two- thirds with quite scattered, very small punctures; propodeal areola mostly smooth on either side of median ridge, basal width subequal to length; median ridge on posterior surface of propodeum present on lower half at most 27. Tiphia hirashimai, new species Disk of first tergum 1.1 times as long as broad, anterior two-thirds with larger, relatively closer punctures especially anteriorly and laterally; propodeal areola irregularly and finely rugulose on either side of median ridge, basal width 0.9 times the length; median ridge on posterior surface of propodeum usually present on lower two- thirds 14. Tiphia nilgirensis Allen 53. Erect vestiture black, faded to brown in older specimens; punctation relatively sparser, those on pronotal disk and mesopleuron frequently separated from each other by 1 to several times the diameter of a puncture; first abdominal segment relatively slender, 1.3-1.4 times as long as broad 28. Tiphia dayi, new species Erect vestiture silvery, cinereous or light brown; punctation relatively denser, many of those on pronotal disk and mesopleuron separated by no more than the diameter of a puncture; first abdominal segment broader, 1.1 times as long as broad. .29. Tiphia fennahi, new species 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

2. Tiphia coimbatorea Allen face of propodeum with close, weak oblique ru- gulae which are evanescent on lower anterior Tiphia (Tiphia) coimbatorea Allen, 1975:14, pi. 2: fig. 9 [

SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. has the legs except coxae red, the propodeal Mannar District: 16*, Cashew Corp., Ma Villu, areola is sometimes quinquecarinate, the poster- 17-21 Feb, in Malaise trap, Krombein et al. olateral process of the fifth abdominal sternum is (USNM). high, curved, and overlies an invagination, and NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District: the sixth sternum lacks a tuft of dense erect hair. 26, Hunuwilagama, near Wilpattu, 200 ft, in The species occurs in both the Wet Zone and Malaise trap, 28 Oct-3 Nov, Hevel et al. the Dry Zone in Sri Lanka and at altitudes (USNM). ranging from 100 to 600 meters. It is found also CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 16, Kandy, in South India, Nepal, and Assam. Udawattakele Sanct., 2100 ft, 9-13 Feb, in Ma- FEMALE.—Length 6.0-8.0 mm. Black; mandi- laise trap, Krombein et al. (USNM). ble except apex, scape, and flagellum at least NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District: \6, beneath, tegula, and legs except coxae and occa- swamp 10 mi E Puttalam, 2 Feb, Brinck et al. sionally hind tarsus, light red. Vestiture sparse, (Lund). white with a slight yellowish tinge. Wings slightly UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 26, Mau Ara, infumated, stigma dark, veins amber. 10 mi E Uda Walawe, 100 m, 24-26 Sep, Krom- Median lobe of clypeus narrow, apical margin bein et al. (USNM); 1 6, Angunakolapelessa, slightly emarginate; head width 1.5 times inter- 27-28 Mar, in Malaise trap, Krombein et al. ocular distance at anterior ocellus; lower front (USNM). subconfluently punctate, upper front more SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matara District: \6, near sparsely so and with at least 2 impunctate inter- Deniyaya, 1000 ft, in Malaise trap, 19-20 Oct, spaces wider than an ocellus. Hevel et al. (USNM). Hambantota District: \6, Anterior margin of pronotal disk with a weak Palatupana tank, 15-50 ft, in Malaise trap, 18- transverse ridge, discal punctures ranging from 20 Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM); 1$, Vilapala subconfluent to separated by the diameter of a Wewa, 9-10 Dec, Henry (Colombo). puncture, wide apical margin impunctate; lateral pronotal surface usually with delicate, oblique median groove, delicately lineolate above and 3. Tiphia tegulita Allen with delicate rugulae in lower corner; notauli Ttphia (Tiphia) tegulita Allen, 1975:16, 17, pi. 2: figs. 10, 11 meeting well-developed anterior escarpment, dis- [Insect Identification allotype (USNM). NORTHERN PROVINCE. Vavuniya and Beneficial Insect Introduction Institute, U.S. District: Vavuniya, 18 Dec 1923, G.M. Henry Department of Agriculture, who has identified (Colombo), 16* is excluded from the type series brachycerous Diptera prey of various Ceylonese because the head is lacking. A pair of paratypes sphecoid wasps. has been deposited in the National Museums of HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Central Province, Sri Lanka (Colombo), and a male paratype in the Kandy District, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu- British Museum (Natural History). ary, 2100 ft, 20-30 Jul 1976, S. Karunaratne Female paratypes are 6.1-6.5 mm long and (USNM Type 100262). agree well with the holotype in all essential de- FEMALE.—Length 8.8 mm. Black, the following tails. Male paratypes are 3.8-5.1 mm long. Most red: mandible except base and apex, first 4 flag- males have the legs except coxae light red, but ellar segments beneath, and foretibia beneath; some specimens have brownish femora. The apical margin of pronotal disk and apex of tegula punctation is relatively less dense in some speci- testaceous. Vestiture white, faintly tinged with mens, especially on upper front and mesopleuron, yellowish on head and thorax. Forewing moder- and somewhat more dense in a few. ately infumated, stigma and veins brown. Head width 1.6 times interocular distance at fore ocellus; median lobe of clypeus 1.2 times 8. Tiphia knutsoni, new species diameter of antennal fossa, apex truncate; lower front with a well-developed median crest and The female of T. knutsoni is separated from the contiguous coarse punctures becoming sparser on closely related T. hillyardi, new species, and T. upper front where they are separated from each bouceki, new species, by the infumated rather than other by half the diameter of a puncture, no light or deep-yellow wings. All three species have impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus. a strong frontal crest above antennae which dis- Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, punc- tinguishes them from most other females with tures coarse and contiguous to separated by about elongate tegulae. The male of T. knutsoni is the the diameter of a puncture toward middle and only one with elongate tegulae that also has a tuft side, apical third smooth; lateral surface of pro- of dense erect hair on the sixth abdominal ster- notum with a moderate oblique median groove, num. finely lineolate above and finely rugulose below; Both sexes of T. knutsoni key to T. tegelonga Allen notauli meeting well-developed median escarp- in Allen's (1975) keys to Tiphia of the Indian ment, scutum with scattered large pits laterally; subcontinent; however, the female of the latter tegula 1.9 times as long as median width, apical species lacks a frontal crest, the punctures are third transparent; mesopleural disk with subcon- smaller and much sparser on the head, pronotum, tiguous punctures anteriorly becoming more sep- and mesopleuron, and the scutal escarpment and arated in middle, posterior slope with numerous notauli are not connected. The male of T. tegelonga tiny punctures; mid and hind tibiae not inflated, also is more sparsely punctate on the head, pro- inner surface of hind with a median ridge termi- notum, and mesopleuron, and the stigma is two- nating in a subtriangular nonimpressed senso- thirds as long as the section of the costa beyond rium; hind basitarsus with a groove about one- the stigma instead of only half as long. third as long as segment; basal width of propodeal Within Sri Lanka, T. knutsoni has been collected areola 1.1 times apical width and 0.5 times the only in Udawattakele Sanctuary, Kandy, and length, the median carina extending only four- NUMBER 374 29 fifths toward apex, submarginal carina straight, times apical width and 0.8 times length, submar- extending only to spiracle; posterior propodeal ginal carina curving around spiracular area, sur- surface with small close punctures and a weak face adjacent to areola finely transversely lineo- median ridge on lower half, and larger close late; posterior propodeal surface without median punctures on upper third; lateral propodeal sur- ridge, glossy, upper area with scattered punctures; face with numerous fine oblique rugulae on upper lateral propodeal surface with fine, close oblique posterior two-thirds, lower anterior third finely rugulae on upper posterior two-thirds, finely li- lineolate. neolate on lower anterior third. Anterior half of disk of first tergum with punc- First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long as tures separated by about the diameter of a punc- wide; disk of first tergum without anterior ridge, ture, apical half very sparsely punctate, subapical with scattered small punctures, the preapical row row 1 puncture in width; terga glossy, not sha- 2 punctures in width; third to sixth terga deli- greened; anterior half of pygidium punctate and cately shagreened; posterolateral process of fifth with a small posterior smooth median area, pos- sternum low, curved, overlying a small invagi- terior half very delicately shagreened. nation; sixth sternum with an erect tuft of dense ALLOTYPE.—6*, same locality as holotype but hair. 9-11 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar- PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: atne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawar- 1$, Kandy, Roseneath, 29 Nov 1953, F. Reiser dane (USNM). (Basel); 1$, ld\ Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Coloration and ves- 2100 ft, 5-15 Jul 1976 (?) and 20-30 Jul 1976 titure as in female, but wings clear, apical third (<5), S. Karunaratne (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA of tegula testaceous. PROVINCE. Ratnapura District: 2<5, Sinharaj a Jungle, Head width 1.6 times interocular distance at Waturawa Forest, 7 Oct 1981, P.B. Karunaratne anterior ocellus; mandible without preapical den- (USNM). SOUTH INDIA. S. Malabar: 1$, Walayar ticle; clypeal lobe flat, apex slightly emarginate; Forest, Aug 1952, P.S. Nathan (Corvallis). A pair lower front with median carina, punctures con- of paratypes has been deposited in the National fluent to subconfluent, upper front delicately sha- Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo). greened, punctures separated by about the di- Female paratypes are 7.1-8.6 mm long. Two ameter of a puncture, no impunctate interspaces of them have the typically narrow propodeal as wide as an ocellus. areola, but in one from Roseneath the basal width Pronotal disk with an anterior ridge behind is twice the apical width. The male paratypes are which are a number of short longitudinal rugulae, 5.6-6.5 mm long, the median frontal carina is punctures mostly separated by about the diame- evanescent or absent, and the flagellum and ter of a puncture, apical fourth smooth; lateral foretibia beneath and the foretarsus may be light surface of pronotum with a weak, oblique median red. groove, upper area delicately lineolate, lower cor- ner roughened; notauli distinct but no median 9. Tiphia hillyardi, new species escarpment, punctures confluent posteriorly on scutum but separated by at least half the diameter The female of T. hillyardi is readily distin- of a puncture anteriorly; tegula 1.8 times as long guished by the elongate tegula, light red mandi- as median width; mesopleuron with punctures ble, antenna, tegula, and legs except coxae, by crowded anteriorly and separated usually by the the strongly yellowish wings, and by the strong width of a puncture or more on disk; inner surface interantennal crest. The male is similar except of hind tibia with a median carina; marginal cell that the flagellum is darkened above, the wings extending farther toward apex than second sub- are clear, and the interantennal crest is reduced marginal; basal width of propodeal areola 1.4 to a carina. 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Tiphia hillyardi is a rare species known from Disk of first tergum with coarse round punc- only five specimens from three localities in the tures laterally, preapical row of punctures 1 row Wet Zone. wide in middle; sides and anterior area of second ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Paul tergum with coarse, confluent elongate pits; third D. Hillyard, Department of Zoology, British Mu- to fifth terga with subconfluent smaller punctures seum (Natural History), in grateful acknowledg- and shiny interspaces; pygidium punctate on ment of his identification of the spider prey of a basal half and no impunctate median space pos- number of Ceylonese Pompilidae. teriorly, apical half glossy. HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province, ALLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, Sabaragamuwa Kandy District, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 27-28 Province, Ratnapura District, Gilimale, Indu- Oct 1972, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM Type ruwa Jungle, 7-8 Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, 100263). P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, FEMALE.—Length 7.5 mm. Black, the following L. Jayawickrema (USNM). light red: mandible, antenna, tegula, legs except MALE.—Length 4.9 mm. Color as in female coxae, and apex of pygidium; apical margin of except flagellum infuscated above. Vestiture pronotal disk testaceous. Vestiture yellowish. paler yellow. Wings clear, stigma and veins dark Wings strongly yellow, stigma and veins amber. brown except amber at extreme base. Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance Head width 1.7 times interocular distance at at anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe narrow, anterior ocellus; mandible without a preapical margin truncate; lower front with strong inter- denticle; clypeal lobe flat, apex truncate; front antennal crest and coarse contiguous punctures, with median carina on lower half and subcon- becoming sparser on upper front and separated fluent punctures; upper front shagreened, more by about half the diameter of a puncture, no sparsely punctate with several interspaces wider impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus. than an ocellus. Pronotum not ridged anteriorly, disk with Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge be- coarse contiguous punctures, apical third smooth; hind which are a number of short longitudinal lateral pronotal surface with an oblique median rugulae, the disk moderately sparsely punctate groove, above with a few punctures anteriorly, except laterally, posterior half to third impunc- below with weak oblique rugulae; notauli dis- tate; lateral pronotal surface with a very weak tinct, anterior escarpment lacking, disk with median oblique groove, above delicately lineo- coarse contiguous punctures; tegula 1.8 times as late, below delicately rugulose; notauli distinct, long as median width; mesopleuron with coarse but no median escarpment, most of discal punc- confluent to subconfluent punctures, interspaces tures separated by half or more the diameter of without minute punctures; mid and hind tibiae a puncture; tegula elongate, 1.5 times as long as not inflated; inner surface of hind tibia with a median width; mesopleuron with punctures an- median polished streak terminating in a subtrian- teriorly separated by more than the diameter of gular, nonimpressed sensorium; inner surface of a puncture and becoming sparser posteriorly; hind basitarsus with a groove on median third; inner surface of hind tibia with a longitudinal basal width of propodeal areola 1.9 times apical carina; marginal cell extending well beyond sec- width and 0.6 times the length, side of dorsal ond submarginal; propodeal areola with basal surface with an almost straight submarginal car- width 1.3 times apical width and 0.8 times length, ina; posterior propodeal surface with irregular surface laterad of areola delicately lineolate and shallow pits, median ridge lacking; lateral surface with a strong curved submarginal carina; poste- with close oblique rugulae on upper posterior rior propodeal surface without a median ridge, two-thirds, finely lineolate on lower anterior finely lineolate on lower half, with a few scattered third. punctures on upper half. NUMBER 374 31

First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long as in Sri Lanka, but it occasionally enters the Wet wide, disk of tergum without anterior ridge, sur- Zone at moderate altitudes with medium rainfall. face impunctate except laterally, preapical row It occurs also in the Walayar Forest of South impressed, 1 puncture wide; third to sixth terga India. Three females and one male from Vavu- shagreened and with small punctures separated niya were identified as 71 decrescens Walker by by at least twice the width of a puncture; poster- Turner. olateral process of fifth sternum moderately high, ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Zdenek curved; sixth sternum without median tuft of Boucek, Commonwealth Institute of Entomology, dense erect hair. London, our valued collaborator on Ceylonese PARATYPES.—19, same locality as holotype but Chalcidoidea. 2100 ft, 9-13 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein, P.B. HOLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, North Central Prov- Karunaratne, P. Fernando, S. Karunaratne ince, Anuradhapura District, Ritigala Natural (USNM); 1$, Kandy, 1 Jan 1931, G.M. Henry Reserve, 24-25 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, T. (Colombo), SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Kegallci Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema, V. District: 19, Kitulgala, Bandarakele Jungle, 17-18 Gunawardane (USNM Type 100264). Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. MALE.—Length 4.5 mm. Black, the following Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, T. Gunawardane red: mandible except base and apex, flagellum (USNM). A second female paratype has been beneath, fore and mid tibiae and tarsi; posterior deposited in the National Museums of Sri Lanka margin of pronotum and apical half of tegula (Colombo). testaceous, the latter transparent. Vestiture ciner- The three paratypes are very similar to the eous with a yellowish cast on apical abdominal holotype in all essential details and are 7.5-8.0 segments. Wings slightly infumated beyond veins, mm long. stigma dark, veins light brown. Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance 10. Tiphia bouceki, new species at anterior ocellus; mandible with a small preap- ical denticle; median lobe of clypeus flat, apex The female of T. bouceki is one of three species slightly emarginate; lower front with a median with elongate tegulae and a strong median crest carina and subcontiguous punctures; upper front on the lower front above the antennae. It differs shagreened and with 2 impunctate interspaces as from T. hillyardi, new species, in lacking strongly wide as an ocellus. yellowish wings and in having dark antenna, Pronotal disk with a strong sharp anterior ridge tegula, and legs rather than light red. The light- behind which are a number of short longitudinal yellow wings with amber veins and propodeal rugulae, disk with punctures separated by about areola strongly narrowed posteriorly separate T. the width of a puncture except laterally where bouceki from 71 knutsoni, new species, which has the interspaces are half the width, apical strip infumated wings with light-brown veins and a impunctate; lateral pronotal surface with a propodeal areola with apical width only slightly curved median groove, upper area with oblique less than basal width. The male of 71 bouceki lacks lineolations, lower surface with weak oblique ru- a tuft of dense erect hair on the sixth abdominal gulae; notauli distinct, but median escarpment sternum, which separates it from 71 knutsom. It lacking, scutum subcontiguously punctate; tegula has a median carina on the lower front as does 71 1.6 times as long as median width; anterior half hillyardi, but it differs from that species in having of mesopleuron with most punctures separated by only the fore and mid tibiae and tarsi red and the diameter of a puncture or less, posterior half the first abdominal tergum with the subapical with more separated punctures; marginal cell impressed area two punctures in width. extending well beyond second submarginal; inner Tiphia bouceki occurs primarily in the Dry Zone surface of hind tibia with a longitudinal carina; 32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

propodeal areola tricarinate, basal width 1.8 sus with a median groove about half as long as times apical width and 1.2 times the length, segment; propodeal areola tricarinate, basal surface laterad of areola shagreened, submarginal width 1.4 time apical width and 0.6 times length, carina strong, curved around spiracular area; area laterad of areola delicately roughened, sub- posterior propodeal surface delicately roughened; marginal carina extending only to spiracular upper and posterior areas of lateral propodeal area; posterior propodeal surface with close min- surface closely, obliquely rugulose, lower anterior ute punctures, median carina lacking; lateral sur- area obliquely lineolate. face of propodeum with close oblique rugulae on First abdominal segment 1.2 times as long as posterior and upper areas, lower anterior area wide, disk of first tergum without anterior ridge, finely obliquely lineolate. preapical impression 2 punctures wide; third to Disk of first abdominal tergum with coarse sixth terga delicately shagreened, the third and subconfluent punctures laterally, impressed fourth with small punctures separated by several subapical row I puncture in width across middle; times the diameter of a puncture, latter 2 terga sides and anterior area of second tergum with more closely punctate; posterolateral process of coarse, confluent elongate pits; third to fifth terga fifth sternum low, arcuate; sixth sternum without with subconfluent smaller punctures and shiny tuft of dense erect hair. interspaces; pygidium confluently punctate on ALLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Northern Province, basal half and without a median impunctate Vavuniya District, Vavuniya, 18 Dec 1923, G.M. area, posterior half glossy. Henry (London). PARATYPES.—2$, 16\ same data as allotype FEMALE.—Length 7.0 mm. Black, the following (Colombo, London); 206*, same data as holotype, reddish: mandible except tip, flagellum beneath, 1 in Malaise trap (USNM). NORTH CENTRAL PROV- apical margin of pronotum, posterior half of teg- INCE. Polonnaruwa District: 16\ Hingurakgoda, 20 ula, fore and mid tarsi. Wings light yellowish, Dec 1953, F. Keiser (Basel), CENTRAL PROVINCE. veins amber. Vestiture white. Kandy District: 1<5, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu- Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance ary, 26-30 Jul 1978, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijes- at anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe narrow, inhe, V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); margin truncate; lower front with strong inter- 1<5, same locality but 1800 ft, 1-3 Sep 1980, K.V. antennal crest and coarse contiguous punctures Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. becoming sparser on upper front but with no Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM). UVA impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus. PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 16*, Angunakolape- Pronotum not ridged anteriorly, punctures lessa, 27-28 Mar 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wi- coarse and subcontiguous, posterior half of disk jesinhe, L. Weeratunge (USNM). SOUTH INDIA. S. impunctate; lateral pronotal surface with curved Malabar: 16\ Walayar Forest, Jul 1957, P.S. Na- median groove, scattered punctures on upper than (Corvallis). One female, from Pulilankulam, area, obliquely lineolate and with a few punctures Vavuniya District, Jan 1913 (Colombo), is ex- on lower area; notauli distinct and meeting com- cluded from the type series because the head is plete median escarpment, disk of scutum with lacking. Male paratypes have been deposited in coarse contiguous punctures; tegula 1.7 times as the National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo), long as median width, posterior half transparent; and one female paratype has been deposited in anterior half of mesopleuron contiguously punc- the National Museum of Natural History, Smith- tate, posterior half with moderately dense, fine sonian Institution. punctures, subalar patch with large punctures Male paratypes are 4.3-5.3 mm long; they only; mid and hind tibiae not inflated; inner agree well with the holotype, except that the surface of hind tibia with a median ridge termi- preapical mandibular denticle has been eroded nating in a flat rounded sensorium; hind basitar- in some specimens, and the punctation of some NUMBER 374 33 smaller specimens is comparatively sparser. The upper front with a few scattered punctures below two female paratypes are 6.6 and 7.3 mm long ocellar triangle and subcontiguous punctures and agree very well with the allotype in all essen- along inner eye margin, otherwise impunctate. tial details. Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, punc- tures on anterior half of disk relatively large, 11. Tiphia moczari, new species subcontiguous to separated by the diameter of a puncture, posterior half of disk impunctate in This montane species is known only from a middle; lateral pronotal surface with a weak, short series of females from the area around Nu- slightly curved median groove, obliquely lineolate wara Eliya in the Central Highlands. It shares on upper area, with some weak rugulae on lower with T. sakagamii, new species, the distinction of area; anterior escarpment present only on median being the only small female with elongate tegulae half of scutum, not reaching notauli, center of that are transparent on the apical half, in having disk with moderately large contiguous punctures; the legs light red except for the coxae, and in tegula transparent on apical half, 1.8 times as lacking a median crest on the lower front. Tiphia long as median width; subalar patch of mesopleu- moczari is more sparsely punctate than T. sakaga- ron with dense minute punctures anteriorly and mii, having only a few scattered punctures on the small scattered ones posteriorly, mesopleural disk upper front and on the mesopleural disk. It is with scattered punctures mostly separated by 2 presumed that the male will have similar colora- or more times the diameter of a puncture; mid tion and also the very sparse punctation that is and hind tibiae not inflated; inner surface of hind characteristic of some other montane species such tibia without a median ridge; hind basitarsus as T. pulawskii, new species, and T. dayi, new with a groove on median half of inner surface; species. propodeal areola tricarinate, median carina pres- ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Laszlo ent only on basal two-thirds, basal width 1.2 Moczar, Szeged University, Hungary, collabora- times apical width and 0.4 times the length, area tor on Mesitiinae (Bethylidae) and Ceropalinae laterad of carina very delicately transversely li- (Pompilidae). neolate, submarginal carina straight, extending HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province, only to spiracular area; posterior surface of pro- Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala Natural Reserve, podeum with a median ridge on basal fourth, the 1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, surface delicately roughened and micropunctate; P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasoo- lateral propodeal surface with close weak oblique riya (USNM Type 100265). rugulae on upper and posterior areas and oblique FEMALE.—Length 7.5 mm. Black, the following lineolations on lower anterior area. light red: mandible except tip, median lobe of First abdominal tergum without an anterior clypeus, scape, pedicel, first flagellar segment, ridge, preapical impression consisting of small remainder of flagellum beneath, posterior margin shallow subcontiguous pits, 1 pit wide; anterior of pronotal disk, tegula, legs except coxae, and half of pygidium closely punctate and with a apical half of pygidium. Vestiture with a slight small median impunctate space posteriorly, the yellowish cast. Wings lightly infumated, veins posterior half smooth. amber on basal half, light brown on apical half MALE.—Unknown. as is the stigma. PARATYPES.—19, same locality as holotype but Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance 6-7 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar- at anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe narrow, atne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawar- slightly convex, apex truncate; lower front with- dane (USNM); 3$, Galway Natural Reserve, Nu- out median ridge, punctures subcontiguous to wara Eliya, 6200 ft, 10 Jun 1978, P.B. Karunar- separated by about the diameter of a puncture; atne, V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1$, Nuwara Eliya, 27-29 May 1975, D.H. Mes- interocular distance at anterior ocellus; mandible sersmith, G.L. Williams, P.B. Karunaratne with a weak preapical denticle; frontal crest lack- (USNM). Paratypes have been deposited in the ing, punctation of front and vertex coarse, mostly National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) and contiguous, front with short, very narrow im- in the British Museum (Natural History). punctate strip below anterior ocellus; flagellum The paratypes are 6.5-7.3 mm long and agree moderately stout, segments all longer than broad, in most details with the holotype. The median first 3 segments 3.8 times as long as greatest carina of the propodeal areola may be longer but width. it is never complete, and the ridge on the posterior Pronotal disk with discrete but not strong an- propodeal surface may occur on the apical third. terior ridge, coarsely and contiguously punctate except for narrow apical strip broader in middle; lateral surface of pronotum practically impunc- 12. Tiphia tsunekii, new species tate above oblique groove, a few small punctures, This species is known only from the unique, but no trace of rugulae below groove; scutum newly emerged female holotype from Adams contiguously punctate between notauli which ex- Peak, an area of very heavy rainfall. The speci- tend anteriorly to sharp escarpment; tegula as men was resting quietly on a leaf of an herbaceous broad as long, transparent so wing bases can be plant, probably waiting for a male to mate with seen, without marginal groove, surface faintly her. shagreened; mesopleuron with anterior slope The female of T. tsunekii is readily recognized finely and densely punctate, subtegular area with by a combination of the large size, short tegula, dense small punctures and scattered larger ones, light red legs, nonsulcate hind basitarsus, inflated disk with scattered moderate-sized punctures; mid and hind tibiae, and moderately infumated dorsal surface of propodeum glossy except ante- wings. It is closest to T. gurneyi, new species, in rior half laterad of areola dull and shagreened, size, dense punctation of head and thoracic dor- areola with well-developed median carina, basal sum, and inflated mid and hind tibiae but differs width half the length and 1.5 times apical width, in having lighter red legs, suberect golden pubes- lateral area without sinuous carina between ar- cence on head and thoracic dorsum, and in pos- eola and carinate margin; upper part of lateral sessing a median carina on the propodeal areola. surface of propodeum with sparser oblique rugu- ETYMOLOGY.—I am pleased to name this hand- lae than in T. gurneyi, new species, lower area some species for my good friend and respected delicately shagreened and with some minute colleague Professor Katsuji Tsuneki of Mishima, punctures on posterior third; posterior surface of Japan. propodeum with moderately dense, minute punc- HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province, tures except laterally where they are larger, me- Kandy District, Adams Peak Trail, 4.5 mi W of dian carina present only at extreme apex; mid Maskeliya, 1610-1690 m, 21 Oct 1977, K.V. and hind tibiae inflated, 2.7 times as long as Krombein (USNM Type 100266). broad; sensorium on inner surface of hind tibia FEMALE.—Length 10.0 mm. Black, glossy, circular, not impressed; hind basitarsus without mandible except tip, apex of median lobe of longitudinal groove on inner surface. clypeus, scape, and pedicel medium red, the fol- First abdominal tergum without anterior car- lowing light red: narrow posterior margin of pro- ina, disk with scattered small punctures, preapical notal disk, tegula, legs except coxae, and apex of row of punctures weakly impressed, close, mostly pygidium. Forewing moderately infumated, 1 puncture in width; base of second tergum stigma and veins amber. Vestiture of head and grooved with weak, short longitudinal rugulae on thoracic dorsum golden. lateral third; second and third terga with scat- Head 1.2 times as wide as high, and 1.6 times tered small punctures, each with a preapical, NUMBER 374 35

nonimpressed row of closer punctures; pygidium Head 1.3 times as wide as high and 1.8 times delicately shagreened, basal half with moderately interocular distance at anterior ocellus; mandible large punctures and impunctate median strip, without preapical denticle (possibly eroded?); apical half smooth. frontal crest lacking; punctation of front and MALE.—Unknown. vertex coarse, mostly contiguous, front with very short, narrow smooth strip below anterior ocellus; flagellum moderately stout, first three flagellar 13. Tiphia gurneyi, new species segments 3.9 times as long as greatest width. Pronotal disk with discrete but not strong an- The female is close to T. tsunekii, new species, terior ridge, coarsely and contiguously punctate and shares with it the large size, dense punctation except for narrow apical strip broader in middle; of head and thoracic dorsum, short tegula, non- lateral surface of pronotum practically impunc- sulcate hind basitarsus, and inflated mid and tate above oblique groove, with a few scattered hind tibiae. It differs from T. tsunekii in having punctures below groove and some very weak only mid and hind femora and tibiae red rather posterolateral rugulae; scutum contiguously than all legs except coxae, somewhat more infu- punctate between notauli which extend ante- mated wings, a broader propodeal areola some- riorly to sharp escarpment; tegula as broad as times lacking the median carina, and in having long, opaque except posterior margin, without cinereous rather than golden pubescence on head marginal groove, surface faintly shagreened; me- and thoracic dorsum. sopleuron with anterior slope shagreened except The putative male of T. gurneyi also is large, has for small punctures along outer margin, sub- coarse punctation on head and thoracic dorsum, tegular area with dense, small punctures and dark legs, lacks a tuft of erect hairs on sixth scattered larger ones, disk with mostly subcontig- sternum, has a median ridge on hind tibia, and uous larger punctures; dorsal surface of propo- a weak subapical denticle on inner edge of man- deum glossy except much of lateral area faintly dible. shagreened and without sinuous carina between The holotype, allotype, and paratype female spiracle and areola, the latter lacking a median and most paratype males are from localities in carina, the surface shallowly pitted anteriorly and the Wet Zone, but one paratype male is from the with longitudinal gouges posteriorly, basal width Dry Zone. 0.6 times length and 1.5 times apical width; ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Ashley lateral propodeal surface with closer, weaker B. Gurney, a valued colleague for many years, to oblique rugulae than in T. tsunekii, lower area whom I am particularly grateful for numerous delicately shagreened and with some minute identifications of orthopterous prey of solitary punctures on posterior half; posterior surface of wasps. propodeum with moderately dense, minute punc- HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Southern Province, tures except laterally where they are larger, me- Galle District, Kanneliya, Sinharaja Jungle, 13- dian carina present on lower half; mid and hind 16 Aug 1972, K.V. Krombein and P.B. Karunar- tibiae inflated, 2.4 times as long as broad; senso- atne (USNM Type 100267). rium on inner surface of hind tibia circular, FEMALE.—Length 12.0 mm. Black, glossy, mid smaller than in T. tsunekii, not impressed; hind and hind femora medium red, the following basitarsus without longitudinal groove on inner darker red: mandible except apex, margin of surface. tegula, forefemur and tibia beneath, mid and First abdominal tergum without anterior car- hind tibiae, and apex of pygidium. Forewing ina, disk with scattered small punctures, preapical moderately infuscated, stigma black, veins brown. row weakly impressed, close, mostly 1 puncture Vestiture of head and thoracic dorsum cinereous. in width; base of second tergum broadly grooved 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY and with short, coarse longitudinal rugulae, the area contiguously punctate; propodeal areola 1.1 disk of tergum with scattered small punctures in times basal width and 1.4 times apical width, middle, denser ones laterally and a preapical, median and lateral ridges strong, the latter nonimpressed row; third tergum with moderately slightly curved inward, surface glossy and min- dense small punctures, somewhat sparser on a utely roughened; area laterad of areola mostly narrow transverse strip in middle; basal half of shagreened but with small punctures adjacent to pygidium with coarse, subcontiguous punctures areola and posterior ridge; posterior propodeal and a short impunctate strip toward apex, apical surface with a complete median carina, the area half delicately shagreened. with small punctures concentrated adjacent to ALLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, Southern Province, median carina and lateral ridge, rest of area Matara District, Deniyaya, near 1000 ft, in Ma- virtually impunctate; upper and posterior halves laise trap, 19-20 Oct 1976, G.F. Hevel, R.E. Dietz of lateral propodeal surface with close, moder- IV, S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). ately coarse carinae, rest of surface delicately MALE.—Length 8.3 mm. Black, the following shagreened; inner surface of hind tibia with a red: spot near apex of mandible, outer and pos- median longitudinal ridge terminating in a small terior margins of tegula, inner surface of foretibia, raised oval sensorium. and narrow apices of tarsal segments. Wings very Disk of first tergum twice as broad as median faintly infumated, stigma black, veins brown. length, anterior half with denser small punctures, Vestiture white to cinereous. preapical strip with small contiguous punctures Head width 1.4 times distance from clypeal at least 2 punctures in width; basal groove on apex to anterior ocellus, 1.7 times upper intero- second tergum with delicate rugulae laterally, cular distance and 2.2 times interocular distance smooth in middle; first sternum with small close at upper margin of antennal fossae; mandible punctures on anterior half; fifth sternum with without preapical denticle on inner margin; cly- moderately raised, oblique, posterolateral proc- peal lobe with rounded lateral angles and shallow ess; sixth sternum without tuft of erect dense median emargination; front without median hairs. crest, with coarse, mostly subcontiguous punc- PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: tures, and with a narrow impunctate strip on 1$, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 1800 ft., upper half below ocellus; flagellum with linear 23-25 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar- tyloids on second to eleventh segments, first 3 atne, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane segments 1.7 times as long as greatest width; (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. RdtnapUrd cheek narrower than antennal fossa. District: 5$, Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 10 Oct Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge be- 1980, Id in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. hind which is a series of short, close weak rugulae; Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. lateral pronotal surface with a weak oblique Gunawardane (USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE. groove, posteroventrally with a few weak rugulae; Hambantota District: 16*, Katagamuwa, 7-11 Feb mesoscutum with most punctures separated by 1936, G.M. Henry (Colombo). A pair of para- about half the diameter of a puncture except types is in the National Museums of Sri Lanka posteriorly where they are contiguous; tegula 1.2 (Colombo), and a male paratype is in the British times as long as median width, margins not Museum (Natural History). grooved, surface opaque except lateral and pos- The male paratypes are 7.0-8.0 mm long and terior margins and delicately shagreened; scutel- agree well with the allotype in most details of lum with most punctures subcontiguous; anterior punctation and sculpture. The female paratype mesopleural disk with coarse punctures mostly is only 8.1 mm long but agrees well in all details separated by half the diameter of a puncture and with the holotype, except that the propodeal with a few interspersed small punctures, subalar areola is tricarinate with the median carina ex- NUMBER 374 37

tending almost to the apex, and the basal width impunctate vitta beneath anterior ocellus, punc- is 1.7 times the apical width. tures elsewhere irregularly spaced from subcon- tiguous to separated by the diameter of a punc- 14. Tiphfa nilgirensis Allen ture, no impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus. FIGURES 58, 62 Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, punc- tures mostly subconfluent, posterior half impunc- Tiphia (Tiphia) mlgirensis Allen, 1975:72, 73, pi. 6: fig. 39 |$; Nilgiri Hills and Coimbatore, South India; type in tate except laterally; lateral pronotal surface Leiden Museum]. without a median groove, upper area finely obliquely lineolate, lower area with some delicate Females of T. nilgirensis, T. palmi Krombein, oblique rugulae; scutum with anterior escarp- and T. kurczewskii, new species, share with T. ment complete, extending to notauli, disk mostly tsunekn, new species, and T. gurneyi, new species, subcontiguously punctate; tegula transparent on the distinction of being the only five taxa with apical half, 1.3 times as long as broad; subalar inflated mid and hind tibiae (2.0-2.5 times as patch of mesopleuron densely micropunctate and long as broad). The females of these species also with a few larger punctures, disk on anterior half agree in having short tegulae and in lacking a with most punctures separated by half the width median groove on the inner surface of the hind of a puncture, posterior area with fine close punc- basitarsus and a submarginal carina on the pro- tures; mid and hind tibiae inflated, twice as long podeal dorsum. Tiphia nilgirensis, T. kurczewskii, as wide; inner surface of hind tibia without a and T. palmi are much smaller than T. tsunekii median ridge, sensorium subcircular, not im- and T. gurneyi and more sparsely and delicately pressed; hind basitarsus not grooved on inner punctate. The former three species are easily surface; propodeal areola tricarinate, median car- separated because T. nilgirensis has dark legs and ina extending two-thirds or more toward apex, lacks a median groove on lateral pronotal surface, basal width 1.4 times apical width and 0.7 times whereas the legs except coxae are red in T. palmi length, area laterad of areola delicately sha- and 71 kurczewskii. greened anteriorly, with a few scattered small The male of T. nilgirensis has dark legs, the punctures, submarginal carina lacking; posterior sixth abdominal sternum lacks a tuft of dense propodeal surface with small, rather close punc- erect hair, the inner surface of the hind tibia has tures, median ridge present on apical third; lat- a median ridge, and the mandible has a preapical eral propodeal surface with fine, oblique, mod- denticle in unworn specimens. erately separated rugulae on posterior and upper The species occurs both in Sri Lanka and South surfaces, delicately shagreened on lower anterior India. In the former country it is found in both surface. the Dry Zone and the Wet Zone and at altitudes near sea level to 2100 ft. First abdominal tergum with preapical impres- FEMALE.—Length 6.7-7.1 mm. Black, mandi- sion 2 punctures in width except in middle where ble except base and apex and tegula reddish. it is only 1; anterior half of pygidium closely Vestiture white. Wings slightly infumated, stigma punctate with a small smooth space posteriorly brown, veins amber. in middle, posterior half smooth. Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance MALE.—Length 4.1-7.4 mm. Black, the follow- at anterior ocellus; median lobe of clypeus 1.9 ing reddish: mandible near tip, flagellum be- times as wide as antennal fossa, slightly convex, neath, lateral and usually posterior margin of anterior margin truncate, angles rounded; lower tegula, foretibia beneath and apices of tarsal front without median ridge, punctures mostly segments. Vestiture white, tinged with yellow on subcontiguous; upper front usually with a narrow last 3 abdominal segments. Wings clear except SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY faintly infumated at apex, stigma black, veins parai District: 386*, Ekgal Aru Reservoir Jungle, brown. 100 m, 19-22 Feb, Krombein et al. (USNM). Head 1.6-1.7 times as wide as interocular dis- CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale District: 26*, Gam- tance at anterior ocellus; mandible with a strong maduwa, 5-9 Nov, Henry (Colombo). Kandy Dis- to weak preapical denticle (Figure 62) which is trict: 26\ Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 1600- eroded in worn specimens; clypeal lobe slightly 2100 ft, 18-21 Jan, 16-31 Aug, Karunaratne, convex, apical margin emarginate, lateral angles Krombein et al. (USNM); 2$, Kandy, Peak View rounded, apical width 1.3 times diameter of an- Motel, 1800 ft, 15-24 Jan, Davis et al. (USNM). tennal fossa; lower front contiguously punctate, Nuwara Eliya District: 16*, Hakgala, 24 Aug, Henry median ridge absent; upper front with many (Colombo). punctures separated by half the diameter of a WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 46*, Gam- puncture, rarely with an impunctate interspace paha Botanical Garden, 27 Sep, 8 Nov, Krombein as wide as an ocellus. et al. (USNM). Pronotal disk with anterior ridge behind which UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 19, Bandara- are a number of short longitudinal rugulae, punc- wela, 7 Apr, Henry (Colombo). tures anteriorly and laterally separated by about SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matara District: 16*, Deni- half the diameter of a puncture, posterior third of yaya, near 1000 ft, 19-20 Oct, Hevel et al. disk impunctate except at sides; tegula 1.2 times (USNM). as long as broad; many of scutal punctures sepa- MISCELLANEOUS. 2$, 26*, Ceylon, 6019, 6095, rated by half the diameter of a puncture but with 10471, Nietner (Berlin); 1$, Ceylon, 56/43 (Lon- some wider interspaces; mesopleuron with punc- don). tures of moderate size separated mostly by half the diameter of a puncture and with some inter- spersed small punctures; marginal cell extending 15. Tiphia kurczewskii, new species well beyond second submarginal; inner surface of hind tibia with a longitudinal ridge ending in The female of this species is another of the few narrow, nonimpressed sensorium; propodeal ar- with inflated tibiae, 2.0-2.5 as long as wide. It is eola tricarinate, median carina sometimes incom- smaller and more sparsely punctate than T. tsu- plete at apex, basal width 1.3-1.4 times apical nekii, new species, and T. gurneyi, new species. It width and 0.9 times length, area laterad of areola is similar to T. palmi Krombein in having the legs transversely to obliquely, and delicately lineolate, red except coxae but differs in having the apex of submarginal carina weak and extending only to the pygidium delicately wrinkled and shagreened spiracular area; posterior propodeal surface with rather than smooth and glossy and in having the median ridge on basal half or two-thirds, lower hind tibia less strongly inflated, with the length area with fine, moderately dense punctures, upper 2.5 times the width rather than 2.1 times. area with more scattered larger punctures; lateral The males of T. kurczewskii and T. palmi are propodeal surface with longitudinal rugulae on among the four species in which the legs are posterior and upper areas, longitudinally lineo- entirely red except the coxae. These two species late on lower anterior area. lack a tuft of dense suberect hair on the sixth First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long as abdominal sternum and a longitudinal ridge on broad; disk of first tergum without anterior ridge, the inner surface of the hind tibia. The former preapical impression 2 to 3 punctures wide; pos- species differs from the latter in having the mar- terolateral process of fifth sternum low, oblique, ginal cell extend farther toward the apex of the slightly curved; sixth sternum (Figure 58) without forewing than the second submarginal rather a tuft of dense suberect hair. than having the two cells subequal in this respect. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Am- Also, in T. kurczewskii the lateral surface of the NUMBER 374 propodeum has closer weaker carinae on the pos- podeal areola tricarinate, median carina com- terior and upper areas. plete, basal width 1.3 times apical width and 0.6 Tiphia kurczewskii occurs both in Sri Lanka and times length, lateral area delicately transversely South India. In the former country it is found lineolate and without submarginal carina; pos- mostly in the Dry Zone at rather low altitudes, terior surface of propodeum without median although it is quite common in Colombo where ridge, finely and quite closely punctate; lateral the average annual rainfall is 2400 mm. propodeal surface obliquely rugulose on posterior ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Frank and upper areas, slightly more closely than in T. E. Kurczewski, Syracuse University, New York, palmi, lower anterior area obliquely lineolate. who has made substantial contributions to our Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum ethological knowledge of solitary wasps. 2 punctures wide; anterior half of pygidium con- HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Western Province, tiguously punctate and with a small, narrow pos- Colombo District, Colombo, Museum Gardens, teromedian smooth area, posterior half delicately 50 ft, 13-15 Apr 1977, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM wrinkled and finely shagreened. Type 100268). ALLOTYPE.—6*, same locality and collector but FEMALE.—Length 6.7 mm. Black, the following 23 Apr 1976 (USNM). light red: mandible except extreme base and MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, colored as in apex, most of clypeal lobe, antenna, posterior female except mid and hind tarsi also red, and margin of pronotum, tegula, legs except coxae, posterior margin of pronotum and tegula testa- and apical half of pygidium. Vestiture white. ceous. Vestiture white, tinged with yellow on last Wings slightly infumated, stigma brown, veins 4 abdominal segments. Wings clear, stigma amber. brown, veins amber. Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance at anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe flat, margin trun- at anterior ocellus; mandible without preapical cate, angles rounded, apex 1.1 times as wide as denticle; clypeal lobe flat, apex truncate, angles antennal fossa; lower front without median ridge, rounded, apical width 1.3 times width of antennal many of punctures separated by half the width of fossa; lower front with contiguous small punc- a puncture; upper front with a narrow smooth tures, median ridge absent; upper front with no vitta before anterior ocellus, 2 impunctate inter- impunctate interspaces as wide as an ocellus, spaces twice as wide as an ocellus, punctures punctures below anterior ocellus separated by separated by 1 or more times the width of a about half the diameter of a puncture, those puncture except subcontiguous along eye margin. along inner eye margin subcontiguous, rest of Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, many area with punctures separated by a little more of punctures separated by once or twice the di- than the width of a puncture. ameter of a puncture except subcontiguous lat- Pronotal disk with an anterior ridge, rugulae erally, posterior third or more impunctate; me- behind it evanescent, surface of disk with punc- dian escarpment complete, reaching notauli, side tures separated by half of the width of a puncture of scutal disk with scattered punctures; tegula or of equal width, posterior third to half smooth; transparent, 1.3 times as long as wide; subalar scutum with subcontiguous punctures anteriorly patch of mesopleuron with small anterior area of in middle, sparser elsewhere except along notauli; dense minute punctures, anterior half of pleuron tegula 1.1 times as long as broad; mesopleuron with larger punctures mostly separated by half lacking minute punctures, the punctures irregu- the width of a puncture; mid and hind tibiae larly spaced, separated by distances of half to as inflated, 2.5 times as long as wide; inner surface much as the width of a puncture, and with a few of hind tibia without median ridge; inner surface wider interspaces; hind tibia without a longitu- of hind basitarsus without median groove; pro- dinal ridge on inner surface; marginal cell of 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY forewing extending farther toward wing apex mi NW Galle, 25 Jan 1962, Brinck, Andersson, than second submarginal; propodeal areola tri- Cederholm (Lund). 1?, Ceylon, 6096, Nietner carinate, median carina not quite reaching apex, (Berlin). SOUTH INDIA. Nilgiri Hills: 1$, Moyar lateral carinae arched inward, basal width 1.4 Camp, 2900 ft, Jun 1954, P.S. Nathan (Corvallis). times apical width and 0.8 times length, lateral A pair of paratypes has been deposited in the area delicately lineolate, submarginal carina lack- National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo), and ing; posterior propodeal surface without median a male paratype in the British Museum (Natural ridge, finely and quite closely punctate; lateral History). surface of propodeum with closer weaker carinae Female paratypes are 6.3-7.4 mm long and are on upper and posterior surfaces than T. palmi, very similar to the holotype in most details, but anterior area longitudinally lineolate. the clypeal lobe may be black. Male paratypes First abdominal segment 1.2 times as long as are 4.9-6.5 mm long. There is relatively little wide; first tergum without anterior ridge, preap- variation, but there may be short rugulae behind ical impression shallow, 2 punctures wide except the pronotal ridge, the median carina of the in middle where it is 1; posterolateral process of propodeal areola may be complete, the preapical fifth sternum arcuate, oblique, moderately raised; band of punctures on first abdominal tergum sixth sternum without a tuft of dense suberect may be two punctures wide across entire length, hair. the apex of the clypeal lobe may be slightly PARATYPES. NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. PoloTl- emarginate, and the flagellum above and mid naruwa District: 1$, Medirigiriya, 21-27 Mar 1958, and hind coxae may be dark. R.L.A. Perera (Lawrence), EASTERN PROVINCE. Amparai District: 26, Lahugala Sanctuary, 15 Jun 16. Tiphia palmi Krombein 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne (USNM). WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 2$, Tiphia rufipes Smith, 1855:83 [not Latreille, 1797] [9; north- 46, Colombo, as follows: 16\ Feb 1908,0.S. Wick- ern India; type in British Museum (Natural History)].— Magretti, 1892:249 [$; Burma; misidentified?].— war (Colombo); \9, 16\ May 1904 (Colombo); Bingham, 1897:61, 62 [$; brief description].—Turner, 26, 2 Jul 1929 and 26 Nov 1928, G.M. Henry 1908b: 120 [$; Ceylon; misidentified].—Allen and Jaynes, (Colombo); 1$, 11-12 Nov 1969, P.B. Karunar- 1930:100 [brief note].—Hedicke, 1936:23 [listed]. atne (USNM). 226\ Colombo, Museum Gardens, Tiphia palmi Krombein, 1938:187 [new name for T. rufipes as follows: \6, 28-31 Jan 1975, K.V. Krombein, Smith, not Latreille, 1797]. P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando (USNM); 26, 25 Tiphia (Tiphia) rufipes Smith.—Allen, 1969:396-398 [type redescription]; 1975:63, 64 [description]. Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM); 196, 23 Tiphia palmi is the fifth species in which the Apr 1976, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM). 16\ Col- mid and hind tibiae of the female are inflated. ombo, Colpetty, 103 Galle Rd., 21 Nov 1968, That sex is distinguished by its small size (5.9-7.0 flight trap 1000-1500 hrs, T.F. Halstead (San mm long), relatively sparse punctation, the lack Francisco). 26, Battaramulla, 24 Jun 1929, G.M. of a median groove on inner surface of the hind Henry (Colombo), SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Rat- basitarsus, the lack of a submarginal carina on napura District: \6, Uggalkaltota, in Malaise trap, the dorsal propodeal surface, entirely light red 23-26 Jun 1978, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar- legs except coxae, hind tibia only twice as long as atne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, N. Karu- wide, and the glossy pygidial apex. The male also naratne (USNM). UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala Dis- has light red legs, the second submarginal cell trict: 16", Angunakolapelessa, in Malaise trap, 17- extends as far toward the wing apex as the mar- 19 Jun 1978, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V. ginal cell, the mandible lacks a preapical denticle, Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM). SOUTH- and the margin of the clypeal lobe is truncate or ERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 1<5, Hikkaduwa, 11 slightly emarginate. NUMBER :m 41

The species occurs throughout the Indian sub- ser posterolaterally and weakly roughened antero- continent. Within Sri Lanka it occurs in both the laterally, submarginal carina lacking; posterior Dry Zone and the Wet Zone and at altitudes propodeal surface with small, rather dense punc- ranging from sea level to 1000 ft. tures, median ridge lacking; lateral propodeal FEMALE.—Length 5.9-7.0 mm. Black, the fol- surface obliquely rugulose on upper and posterior lowing light red: mandible except base and apex, areas, the rugulae more separated than in T. flagellum beneath, posterior margin of pronotal kurczewskii, new species, anterior lower area deli- disk, tegula, legs except coxae; mid and hind tarsi cately shagreened. occasionally brown. Vestiture white. Wings Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum faintly infumated, stigma black, veins brown. usually 1 puncture wide across middle, though Head width 1.5-1.6 times interocular distance occasionally 2 punctures wide; pygidium on an- at anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe slightly convex, terior half with sparser elongate punctures and apical margin gently convex, angles rounded, 1.4 sometimes a small medioapical smooth spot, pos- times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front with- terior half smooth and glossy. out median carina, many punctures separated by MALE.—Length 4.1-5.7 mm. Coloration as in half the width of a puncture; upper front with a female except clypeal lobe sometimes red in mid- narrow smooth vitta in front of anterior ocellus, dle. Vestiture white, tinged slightly with yellow sometimes with 2 impunctate interspaces as wide on apical abdominal segments. Wings clear, as an ocellus, punctures a bit more separated than stigma black, veins brown. on lower front. Head width 1.5-1.7 times interocular distance Pronotal disk anteriorly with weak transverse at anterior ocellus; median lobe of clypeus almost ridge, disk mostly subcontiguously punctate ex- flat, apical margin subtruncate to slightly emar- cept for smooth apical area which is two-thirds as ginate, angles rounded, 1.8 times as wide as an- wide as disk in middle and a fifth as wide lat- tennal fossa; lower front without median ridge erally; lateral surface with weak to evanescent and with contiguous small punctures; upper front oblique groove across middle, upper area with a small smooth area below anterior ocellus obliquely and closely aciculate, lower area but no other impunctate interspaces as wide as obliquely lineolate and punctate along anterior an ocellus, with small punctures separated by margin; scutum with anterior escarpment com- width of a puncture except laterally where they plete, extending to notauli, posterior half of scu- are closer. tum subcontiguously punctate, laterally and an- Pronotal disk with a rather weak anterior ridge, teriorly with punctures separated by at least half rugulae behind it weak or evanescent, punctures the width of a puncture; tegula transparent, anteriorly small and mostly separated by half the length and width subequal; mesopleuron with diameter of a puncture, posterior area of disk subalar patch densely micropunctate and as wide impunctate on posterior third in middle and pos- as tegula, anterior half of pleuron with punctures terior fourth laterally; scutum with punctures separated by the diameter of a puncture or less, separated by half the width of a puncture except posterior half with crowded small punctures; mid anterolaterally where they are sparser; tegula and hind tibiae inflated, twice as long as wide; transparent, 1.2-1.3 times as long as wide; meso- inner surface of hind tibia not ridged, sensorium pleuron with small punctures on anterior half small, oval, not impressed; inner surface of hind separated by half the width of a puncture and by basitarsus without median groove; propodeal ar- about the width of a puncture on posterior half; eola tricarinate, median carina extending to apex forewing with second submarginal cell extending or almost so, basal width 1.4-1.7 times apical as far as or almost as far as the marginal cell width and 0.6-0.7 times the length, lateral area toward apex; hind tibia without a median ridge glossy with a few scattered punctures except den- on inner surface; propodeal areola tricarinate. 42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

median carina extending almost to apex, basal yaya, near 1000 ft, in Malaise trap, 19-20 Oct, width 1.5-1.8 times apical width and 0.9 times Hevel et al. (USNM). the length, lateral area glossy and smooth except roughened anterolaterally, submarginal carina 17. Tiphia decrescens Walker lacking; posterior propodeal surface with numer- ous small punctures, median ridge lacking; lateral FIGURES 44, 46, 48, 50, 51, 57, 63 propodeal surface with stronger, more separated Tiphia decrescens Walker, 1859:376 [<5, not 9 as stated; Ceylon; rugulae on posterior and upper areas than in T. type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Walker kurczewskii, anterior area glossy. in Tennent, 1861:454 [listed].—Motschulsky, 1863:22 First abdominal segment 1.0-1.1 times as long [listed].—Bingham, 1896:431 [listed].—Dalla Torre, as wide; first tergum without anterior ridge, 1897:135 [listed].—Turner, 1908b: 125 [synonymizes 6 T. nervosa Nurse and suggests it may be c5 of T. policarinata preapical impression moderately deep, usually 2 Magretti].—Hedicke, 1936:8 [listed]. punctures wide across middle; posterolateral Tiphia conscia Nurse, 1902:81 |$; Deesa; syntype series in process of fifth sternum short, weak or evanescent, British Museum (Natural History)].—Turner, 1908b: oblique; sixth sternum without median tuft of 124 [synonymized T. conscia under T. policarinata Mag- dense suberect hair. retti]. [New synonymy.] [Lectotype designated herein.] Tiphia (Tiphia) batorea Allen, 1975:34, 35 |c5; Coimbatore, SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. South India; type in Leiden Museum]. [New synonymy.] Jaffna District: Id, Kilinochchi, 80 ft, in Malaise trap, 24-27 Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM). Man- This small species is relatively abundant and nar District: 19, 1<3, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte, Wilpattu occurs chiefly in the Dry Zone in altitudes rang- Natl. Park, 6* in Malaise trap, 15-16 Feb, Krom- ing near sea level to some 2000 ft. It occurs also bein et al. (USNM). in India as far north as Deesa. NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District: I have examined the types of T. decrescens and 19, 16", Hunuwilagama, near Wilpattu Natl. T. batorea and find them to be conspecific. The Park, 200 ft, in Malaise trap, 28 Oct-3 Nov, syntype series of T. conscia Nurse consists of six Hevel et al. (USNM); 16\ Kandurukanda, 20 mi females from Deesa, one collected in October NE Habarana, 8 Feb, swept in meadow, Brinck 1898 and five in June 1901. These specimens have et al. (Lund); 26, Ritigala Nat. Reserve, 8 Feb, the wings weakly tinged with yellow, the tegula, dry meadow, Brinck et al. (Lund). tibiae, and tarsi usually reddish, and the hind NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District: 39, margin of the propodeum testaceous. Most Cey- Wilpattu Natl. Park, Kali Villu, 12-14 Jun, Mes- lonese females have the wings infumated, lack the sersmith et al. (USNM). Kurunegala District: 1$, reddish tegula, tibiae, and tarsi and testaceous Kurunegala, Badagamuwa Jungle, 24-27 Jan, margin of the propodeum, but there are a few Krombein et al. (USNM). specimens having the coloration of Nurse's type WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 1$, 36", Col- series, and I have no hesitation in making this ombo (includes Museum Gardens), 7 Feb, Jul, synonymy. I have selected one of the June 1901 Henry, Karunaratne, Wickwar (USNM, Lon- specimens as lectotype because the 1898 specimen don); 16\ Yongamulla, 3 mi E Yakkala, 18 mi NE is aberrant in having three rather than five cari- Colombo, 24 Jan-6 Mar, Brinck et al. (Lund). nae composing the propodeal areola. Turner sug- SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Ratnapura District: 19, gested that T. decrescens was the opposite sex of T. Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 5-7 Feb, Krombein policarinata Magretti, 1892; I exclude the latter et al. (USNM). from the synonymy because I have not seen the IVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 19, Bandara- type from Burma. Turner also synonymized T. wela, 9th mi on Welimada Rd, 4 Apr, Henry nervosa Nurse under T. decrescens. M.C. Day in- (Colombo). formed me (in litt.) that there were two syntypes SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matara District: 16", Deni- of T. nervosa in the British Museum (Natural NUMBER 374

History) but could locate only one in 1981.1 have tegula, densely micropunctate and with scattered examined this syntype and find that it is not T. larger punctures, anterior half of mesopleural disk decrescens or any other species occurring in Sri with punctures separated by half or more the Lanka. Accordingly, I have removed T. nervosa width of a puncture, posteriorly with rather dense from the synonymy of T. decrescens pending study small punctures and a few interspersed larger of the second syntype. ones; mid and hind tibiae inflated (Figure 48), The sex association is based on the collection 2.2 times as long as wide; inner surface of hind of both sexes together, though not in copula, on tibia not ridged (Figure 46), sensorium small, three different dates in Gampaha Botanic Gar- subcircular, slightly impressed; inner surface of den, on two different dates in Kandy, and on one hind metatarsus without median groove (Figure date in Padaviya. 44); propodeal areola quinquecarinate (Figure Females are readily distinguished by the nor- 51, "ar"), median carina usually complete to mal tegula, lack of a groove on the inner surface apex, intermediate carinae usually extending of the hind tibia, the inflated, broadened mid and two-thirds toward apex, basal width 1.4-1.5 times hind tibiae, and the quinquecarinate propodeal apical width and 0.6-0.7 times length, area la- areola. Males are recognized by the normal teg- terad of areola finely transversely aciculate, sub- ula, the tuft of dense, suberect setae on the sixth marginal carina (Figure 51, "sc") sinuous and abdominal sternum, predominantly dark legs ex- terminating in lateral ridge about four-fifths to- cept reddish fore and mid femora and tibiae, and ward apex; posterior propodeal surface finely and the lengthy marginal cell. closely punctate, median ridge absent; lateral FEMALE.—Length 6.8-8.0 mm. Black, mandi- propodeal surface with close oblique rugulae pos- ble red except base and apex; tegula brown, and teriorly and above, closely obliquely lineolate sometimes tarsi in part. Vestiture white. Wings below anteriorly. lightly infumated, stigma dark, veins amber. Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance lightly impressed, usually 1 puncture in width at anterior ocellus; median clypeal lobe (Figure across middle, but occasionally 2; pygidium 50) with margin gently emarginate, angles closely punctate on anterior half except for a rounded, 1.1 times as wide as antennal fossa; narrow median smooth space posteriorly, apical lower front without median ridge, punctures half smooth, delicately shagreened. mostly contiguous; upper front usually with 2 or MALE.—Length 4.3-5.8 mm. Black, the follow- 3 impunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus, ing light red: mandible exept base and apex, majority of punctures separated by at most half flagellum beneath, posterior impunctate margin the width of a puncture. of pronotum, tegula, apex of femora, all of tibiae Pronotal disk with weak anterior ridge some- and tarsi, but hind tibia and tarsus sometimes times lacking in middle, most of punctures on brownish, or legs rarely entirely dark. Vestiture anterior half separated by half the width of a white but reddish or yellowish on posterior ab- puncture or more, apical area impunctate, half dominal segments. Wings clear, stigma dark the width of disk in middle and about a quarter brown, veins testaceous near base, amber or light at side; lateral pronotal surface with oblique me- brown toward apex. dian groove, aciculate above groove and finely Head 1.5-1.6 times as wide as interocular dis- wrinkled below, a few scattered punctures above tance at anterior ocellus; mandible with or with- and anteriorly; anterior escarpment of scutum out a small preapical denticle on inner margin; complete only across middle, not attaining no- clypeal lobe (Figure 63) large, fiat, apex truncate tauli; center of disk contiguously punctate, else- or slightly emarginate, lateral angles rounded, 1.3 where with scattered punctures; tegula opaque, times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front with length 1.2 times width; subalar patch as wide as median ridge very weak or usually absent, punc- 44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY tures small and subconfluent; upper front with ura, 2 Feb, Brinck et al. (Lund). Polonnaruwa punctures larger, mostly separated by half the District: 19, Ic5, Polonnaruwa, 3 Mar, 17 Jul, width of a puncture, occasionally with 2 impunc- Keiser, Krombein et al. (USNM, Basel). tate interspaces wider than an ocellus. EASTERN PROVINCE. Tnncomalee District: 1$, Tam- Pronotal disk with strong anterior ridge, short palakaman, Naval Head Works Sanctuary, 29 rugulae behind it weak or lacking, discal punc- Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM). Battualoa District: tures small and mostly separated by half the 1<5, 15 mi SSW Batticaloa, 8 Mar, in dry meadow, diameter of a puncture, impunctate posterior area Brinck et al. (Lund). Amparai District: Ic5, Ingini- about a third of the disk medianly and a sixth yagala, Samudra Gardens, 250 ft, in Malaise trap, laterally; side of pronotum with an oblique me- 22-23 Nov, Hevel et al. (USNM). dian groove, obliquely lineolate above except for CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 16*, 5 mi NW some rugulae anteriorly and obliquely rugulose Mahiyangana, in Malaise trap at Irrigation below; scutum on posterior half with subcontig- Bung., 30 Mar-9 Apr, Spangler et al. (USNM); uous punctures in middle, elsewhere the punc- 5$, 16<5, Kandy (includes Udawattakele Sanctu- tures separated by half or more the width of a ary, 2100 ft, Kandy Reservoir Jungle, Roseneath, puncture; tegula transparent, 1.0-1.2 times as Deiyannewela, Peradeniya Expt. Sta., Peak View long as width; mesopleural disk with many punc- Motel, 1800 ft), 15-24 Jan, 25 Feb, 29 Mar, 16- tures separated by half the diameter of a puncture 31 Aug, 30 Sep, Davis et al., Karunaratne et al., or more, sometimes with interspersed smaller Keiser, Krombein et al., Spangler et al. (USNM, punctures; inner surface of hind tibia with a Basel, Ottawa). Matale District: l<5, Nalanda, 4 median ridge; marginal cell extending farther Mar, Krombein et al. (USNM). toward apex than second submarginal; propodeal NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Kurunegala District: areola tricarinate, median carina usually extend- 26, Kurunegala, Badagamuwa Jungle, I in Ma- ing to apex, basal width 1.3-1.5 times apical laise trap, 24-27 Jan, Krombein et al. (USNM). width and 0.7-0.8 times length, area laterad of WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 18$, 506*, areola minutely roughened, submarginal carina Gampaha Botanical Garden, 14 Jan, 24 May, 27 sinuous, terminating in lateral ridge about four- Sep, 8 Nov, Krombein et al., Messersmith et al. fifths from base; posterior propodeal surface with (USNM); 16*, Kotte, 5 Jul, Henry (Colombo); 2$, numerous close strong punctures; lateral propo- 36*, Nugegoda, Papiliyana, 1 May, 24 Nov, Ka- deal surface with strong oblique rugulae poste- runaratne (USNM); 6$, 266*, Colombo (includes riorly and above, obliquely lineolate elsewhere. Museum Gardens, Colpetty), 28-31 Jan, 4, 16 First abdominal segment 1.1-1.2 times as long Apr, 22, 23 June, 11-21 Nov, Halstead, Henry, as wide; first tergum with preapical impression Karunaratne, Krombein et al., Perera, Wickwar, shallow, 1 or 2 punctures wide across middle; Wijesinhe (USNM, Colombo, London, Law- posterolateral process of fifth sternum well devel- rence, San Francisco); 16*, Negombo, 10-11 Feb, oped, arcuate, oblique; sixth sternum (Figure 57) Stubbs et al. (London); 16*, Udugalla, 12 mi from with median tuft of dense suberect hair. Colombo, 15 Feb, Perera (Lawrence); 1$, Battar- SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. amulla, 22 May, Henry (Colombo); 16*, Handa- Mannar District: 1(5, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte Bunga- pangoda Timber Reserve, 18 Jan, Krombein et low, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25 May, Krombein al. (USNM). et al. (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Ratnapura District: 1$, NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District: Uggalkaltota, Malaise trap, 23-26 Jun, Krom- 29, 5c5, Padaviya Irrigation Bung., 180 ft, 3c5 in bein et al. (USNM); 16*, Gilimale, Induruwa Malaise trap, 27 Feb-9 Mar, 18 May, Davis et Jungle, Malaise trap, 10 Oct, Krombein et al. al., Krombein et al. (USNM); 16", Maradan Ma- (USNM); 26*, Karagal Oya, 3 mi ENE Belihul duwa, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 23 mi W Anuradhap- Oya, 1900 ft, 2 Mar, Brinck et al. (Lund); 12, NUMBER 574 45

Ratnapura, Pompakele, 25 Mar, Krombein et al. clypeus large, flat, 1.2 times as wide as antennal (USNM). fossa, apex slightly emarginate, angles rounded; UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 16, Bintenne, lower front contiguously punctate, median ridge Nov, Henry (Colombo). absent; upper front with a narrow impunctate SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 1$, Hikka- strip below anterior ocellus, punctures separated duwa, 11 mi NW Galle, 25 Jan, Brinck et al. by half to the width of a puncture except several (Lund). Matara District: 1$, Enselwatte, above rows contiguously punctate along eye margin, no 2500 ft, 19-20 Oct, Hevel et al. (USNM). impunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus. MISCELLANEOUS. 29, 26, Ceylon, #11746, Niet- Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge be- ner (Berlin); \9, Ceylon, 4 Oct, Yerbury (Ge- hind which is a series of short perpendicular neva). carinae, most discal punctures separated by half the width of a puncture, medially punctures more 18. Tiphia hakeriana, new species crowded, apical impunctate strip a third as wide as disk at midline and narrowing to the side; This is known from single male from the In- lateral pronotal surface with an oblique median duruwa Jungle, Gilimale, an area of lowland rain groove, upper area finely, closely lineolate, lower forest with heavy rainfall averaging 3900 mm area finely closely wrinkled; tegula opaque, 1.1 annually. It is distinguished by the normal tegula, times as long as wide; mesopleural disk with most predominantly dark legs, tuft of dense suberect punctures separated by half the width of a punc- hair on the sixth abdominal sternum, by having ture and with many interspersed smaller punc- the marginal cell extending farther toward the tures; inner surface of hind tibia with a strong wing apex than the second submarginal cell, the median ridge; marginal cell extending farther dark tegula, and lack of a light red apical margin toward wing apex than second submarginal; pro- of the pronotal disk. podeal areola tricarinate, the median carina ex- ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Ed- tending four-fifths toward apex, vestiges of short ward W. Baker, Systematic Entomology Labo- carina present on either side of median carina, ratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, in appre- basal width 1.9 times apical width and 0.9 times ciation of his many identifications of parasitic length; area adjacent to areola minutely rough- mites infesting Ceylonese and other solitary wasps ened and with a curved submarginal carina ter- and bees. minating in lateral ridge four-fifths from base; HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Sabaragamuwa posterior propodeal surface with numerous close Province, Ratnapura District, Gilimale, Indu- small punctures; lateral propodeal surface with ruwa Jungle, 16-19 April 1981, in Malaise trap, oblique rugulae posteriorly and above, obliquely K.V. Krombein, L. Weeratunge, P. Leanage lineolate anteriorly below. (USNM Type 100269). First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long as MALE.—Length 6.2 mm. Black, the following broad; preapical impression of first tergum shal- light red: apical half of mandible except tip, low, 2 punctures wide across middle; posterolat- flagellum beneath, fore and mid tibiae except eral process of fifth sternum low, long, arcuate, infuscated areas on outer surface, foretarsus and mostly transversely oriented; sixth sternum with narrow apices of mid tarsal segments. Vestiture tuft of dense suberect hair. silvery except light brown at apex of abdomen. FEMALE.—Unknown. Wings clear, stigma black, veins light brown at base and dark brown at apex. 19. Tiphia weismani, new species Head width 1.6 times interocular distance at anterior ocellus; mandible without a small preap- This species is known only from the unique ical denticle on inner margin; apical lobe of female holotype from a low altitude in the Wet 46 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Zone with moderate rainfall. It is distinguished long as broad; subalar patch as wide as tegula, from other females which lack a groove on the densely micropunctate and with a few scattered inner surface of the hind basitarsus by the normal larger punctures, anterior half of mesopleuron sized tegula, lightly infumated wings, almost en- with scattered punctures mostly separated by at tirely red legs, and sinuous submarginal carina least the diameter of a puncture, posteriorly with on the propodeal dorsum. close, small punctures; hind tibia 2.7 times as ETYMOLOGY.—I take pleasure in naming it for long as wide, without median ridge on inner Donald M. Weisman, Systematic Entomology surface, sensorium small, oval, not impressed; Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, hind basitarsus without median groove on inner who furnished many identifications of lepidopter- surface; propodeal areola tricarinate, median car- ous larval prey or hosts of sphecid, eumenid and ina extending to apex, basal width 1.5 times bethylid wasps. apical width and 0.6 times length, lateral area HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Western Province, with some small punctures adjacent to areola and Colombo District, Mirigama Scout Camp, pri- glossy elsewhere, submarginal carina sinuous and mary jungle, 8-9 Jul 1978, K.V. Krombein, P.B. terminating in lateral ridge four-fifths toward Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare, L. apex; posterior propodeal surface with weak me- Jayawickrema (USNM Type 100270). dian ridge on lower two-thirds, closely and finely FEMALE.—Length 7.0 mm. Black, the following punctate elsewhere; lateral propodeal surface light red: mandible except base and apex, an- with weak, rather scattered oblique rugulae on tenna beneath, tegula, apex of pygidium, forefe- upper and posterior areas, glossy elsewhere. mur beneath, mid and hind femora, tibiae, fore- Preapical row of punctures on first abdominal tarsi, and apices of mid and hind tarsal segments. tergum slightly impressed, with 2 rows of close Vestiture white, tinged with yellow on dorsum of punctures except in middle where it is 1 puncture thorax. Forewing infumated, stigma black, veins wide; pygidium on anterior half with small sub- brown. contiguous punctures and a small impunctate Head 1.8 times as wide as interocular distance space in middle posteriorly, posterior half smooth at anterior ocellus; median lobe of clypeus with and glossy. apical margin slightly emarginate, angles MALE.—Unknown. rounded, apical width 1.7 times width of antennal fossa; lower front without median ridge, most punctures separated by less than half the width 20. Tiphia hirsuta Smith of a puncture; upper front with some large im- punctate areas, many punctures separated by at FIGURES 53, 56, 64 least the width of a puncture except along eye Tiphia hirsuta Smith, 1855:83 [6; northern India; type in margin where they are contiguous. British Museum (Natural History)].—Cameron, 1892: Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, anteriorly 115.—Bingham, 1897:63, 64.—Dalla Torre, 1897:137.— the punctures separated by the width of a punc- Hedicke, 1936:13.—Allen, 1969:393, 394 [type redescrip- ture, but adjacent to apical impunctate area are tion and synonymy of T. tarsata and T. clypealis]; 1975:33, 34 [northern India, Nepal]. 2 rows of punctures separated by half the width Tiphia tarsata Cameron, 1897:44 [c5; Mussouri; type in Oxford of a puncture or less, impunctate apical strip half University].—Hedicke, 1936:24. the width of disk medianly and about a fifth Tiphia clypealis Cameron, 1897:47, 48 [<5 not 9; Mussouri; laterally; anterior escarpment of scutum present type in Oxford University].—Turner, 1908b: 124 [incor- only across middle, not reaching notauli; a patch rectly synonymizes T. flavipenms Bingham and T. quinque- of subcontiguous to contiguous punctures behind cannata Cameron].—Allen and Jaynes, 1930:97.—Hed- icke, 1936:7. escarpment, sparsely punctate laterally except ad- Tiphia brevipenms Cameron, 1900:17, 18 [9; Barrackpore; jacent to notauli; tegula transparent, 1.1 times as syntypes in Oxford University and British Museum (Nat- NUMBER 374 47

ural History); preoccupied by T. brevipenms Lucas, 1846]. Ceylonese specimens) and the length 2.1 times [New synonymy.] [Lectoype designated herein.] the apical width (range 1.8-2.1 in Ceylonese spec- Tiphia petri Turner, 1908b: 128 [new name for T. brevipenms Cameron, preoccupied].—Hedicke, 1936:20. [New syn- imens). Also, the lower part of lateral surface of onymy.] propodeum has closer, finer rugulae than the Tiphia crinita Roberts, 1930:190 [new name for T. brevipennis upper part; this feature varies in the Ceylonese Cameron, preoccupied]. [New synonymy.] population from having the same sculpture to a Tiphia (Tiphia) husuta Smith.—Allen, 1969:393, 394 [type condition where the lower part is mostly sha- redescription and synonymy of T. tarsata and T. clypealis]; greened. 1975:33, 34 [redescription; northern India, Nepal]. Tiphia (Tiphia) petri Turner.—Allen, 1969:399, 400 [rede- The association of sexes is based on the fact scription and designation lectotype T. brevipennis]; 1975:71, that both sexes are the most hirsute of the Cey- 72 [description]. lonese and South Indian fauna and on the cap- ture of both sexes flying together at several local- I have examined the unique male types of T. ities in Sri Lanka and South India. hirsuta, T. tarsata, and T. clypealis and can confirm The Ceylonese and South Indian females agree Allen's synonymy of the latter two under T. in all essential details with the entire syntype hirsuta. The species is quite common in several series of T. brevipennis Cameron not Lucas, de- localities in Sri Lanka and South India, but males scribed from Barrackpore, Bengal, India, and show decreasing amounts of red in the latter areas collected by Rothney. The syntype series consists suggesting that there is a north-south cline in the of two females in Oxford University and three taxon. For example, the type of T. hirsuta has the females in the British Museum (Natural History). following light red: mandible except apical third, One specimen in Oxford bears a label in Cam- apical two-thirds of clypeus, flagellum beneath, eron's handwriting, "Tiphia/brevipennis/Cam. foretibia, and fore and mid tarsi; the tegula is Type/Barrackpore." The other Oxford specimen entirely testaceous. Males from South India and bears only a small label with what appears to be Sri Lanka have the mandible and flagellum be- "U" or "V"; another label added later by C. neath darker red, the clypeus with a narrower O'Toole states that the specimen was "in Roth- reddened apical half or sometimes red only lat- ney/Coll. under/Tiphia brevipennis/Cameron erally, at most the foretibia and tarsus a darker . . . /Almost certainly a/syntype because Roth- red, but these segments sometimes brownish, and ney's/annotated reprint indicates/two speci- the tegula is brown on the inner anterior angle. mens." The three specimens in the British Mu- The posterior marginal groove on the tegula is seum (Natural History) all bear labels in Cam- well developed in the type of T. hirsuta, weaker in eron's handwriting. One label is "Tiphia/brevi- the South Indian population and evanescent in pennis/Cam. Type/Bengal," another is "Tiphia/ Ceylonese specimens. brevipennis/Cam. Type," and the third is Allen (1975) described the sensorium of the "Tiphia/brevipennis/Cam. /Bengal." Allen hind tibia as almost threadlike, but this must be (1969), unaware of the specimens in Oxford, based on his Nepalese specimens, for the type of treated the first specimen cited above as the T. hirsuta has the sensorium quite broad toward lectotype, although he called it "holotype." The the apex as in Ceylonese and South Indian males. lectotype must be selected from material in the Concerning the type of T. hirsuta, Allen (1969) Rothney collection, and I am designating as lec- noted that the propodeal areola was 1.3 times as totype the specimen bearing Cameron's label wide at base as at apex and 2.75 times as long as with "type" written upon it. The specimen is not apical width, and that the lower part of lateral in the best condition, for the abdomen was broken surface of propodeum was aciculate. My exami- off during shipment, and the vestiture is largely nation of the type has the base of propodeal denuded. It is, however, clearly identical with the areola 1.5 times as wide as apex (range 1.5-1.8 in other syntypes. 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

The female is distinguished from any of its lateral pronotal surface with a weak median congeners in the Indian subcontinent by a com- oblique groove, closely punctate anteriorly, upper bination of the strongly yellowish wings, compar- half closely obliquely lineolate, lower half with atively denser and longer vestiture on the abdo- close oblique rugulae; anterior escarpment of scu- men, lack of a groove on inner surface of hind tum complete to notauli, contiguously punctate basitarsus, complete anterior ridge on pronotal in middle, laterally with punctures separated by disk, and the lateral surface of the propodeum half or more the width of a puncture; tegula completely and closely obliquely rugulose. The transparent except inner anterior area, 1.3 times male also is readily distinguished by the combi- as long as broad; subalar patch of mesopleuron nation of the dark legs, conspicuous tuft of dense broader than tegula, densely micropunctate and suberect setae on the sides of the sixth abdominal with a few scattered larger punctures, anterior sternum, the higher posterolateral process on fifth half of disk with punctures of several sizes mostly sternum overlying a pocket-like depression, the separated by half the width of a puncture, pos- longer apical fringes on the terga, and compara- terior half with dense small punctures; mid and tively denser appressed vestiture on the clypeus hind tibiae moderately inflated, 2.4 times as long and lower front. as broad; inner surface of hind tibia without a Tiphia hirsuta has a wide range, occurring from ridge, sensorium elongate, broadened toward northern India and Nepal southward into Sri apex, slightly impressed; hind basitarsus without Lanka. In the latter country the species is most median groove; propodeal areola tricarinate, me- common in Dry Zone areas and at low altitudes, dian carina not reaching apex, basal width 1.5- but there are a few records from the Hill Country 1.8 times apical width and 0.5-0.6 times length, to an altitude of 2100 ft and with moderately surface of areola finely roughened, adjacent area heavy rainfall. mostly finely aciculate and with a few scattered FEMALE.—Length 9.6-12.5 mm. Black, the fol- small punctures, submarginal carina lacking; pos- lowing medium red: mandible except base and terior propodeal surface with numerous close apex, scape and flagellum beneath, posterior mar- oblique rugulae. gin of pronotal disk and tegula posterolaterally. Preapical impression of first tergum weakly Vestiture white, longer than usual particularly at impressed, 2 punctures wide across middle and 3 apices and sides of abdominal segments. Wings or 4 laterally; basal half of pygidium contiguously strongly yellowish, stigma amber, veins yellow. punctate in longitudinal rows and with a narrow Head 1.5-1.6 times as wide as interocular dis- smooth median vitta at apex, posterior half tance at anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe slightly smooth. convex, margin subtruncate, lateral angles MALE.—Length 6.3-10.7 mm. Black, the fol- broadly rounded, width twice the diameter of lowing medium red: mandible except base and antennal fossa; lower front without median ridge, apex, occasionally apex of clypeal lobe, flagellum contiguously punctate; upper front with narrow beneath, tegula except inner anterior area; pos- smooth vitta in front of anterior ocellus, occasion- terior margin of pronotal disk and fore and mid ally with 2 impunctate interspaces as wide as an tarsi entirely or in part testaceous. Vestiture ocellus, most punctures separated by at most half white, denser and longer than usual especially on the width of a puncture. clypeus (Figure 64), lower front and abdomen Pronotal disk with low anterior ridge, narrowly (Figure 53). Wings slightly infumated, stigma and contiguously punctate behind ridge and be- dark, veins brown. fore smooth anterior area, elsewhere with most Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance punctures separated by half the width of a punc- at anterior ocellus; mandible without preapical ture, the smooth posterior area half as wide as denticle; clypeus very densely punctate with sub- disk medianly and a fourth as wide laterally; decumbent vestiture, median lobe flat, apex NUMBER 374 49 slightly to more deeply emarginate, lateral angles Krombein et al. (USNM); 9$, ld\ Hunuwila- rounded, width 1.5-1.7 times the diameter of gama, near Wilpattu Natl. Park, 200 ft, in Ma- antennal fossa; lower front with median ridge laise trap, Hevel et al. (USNM). very weak or lacking, punctation small and con- CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 36*, Kandy, tiguous, vestiture dense; upper front with larger Udawattakele Sanctuary, 2100 ft, 16-31 Aug, contiguous punctures except for broad impunc- Karunaratne (USNM). tate vitta in front of anterior ocellus. WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 69, 466, Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, rugulae lack- Colombo (includes Museum Gardens, 50 ft, and ing behind it, punctures contiguous over a narrow Colpetty), 11-12, 15, 17-23 Jan, 25 Feb, Mar, 3, strip behind ridge and in front of apical smooth 7,8, 16 Apr, 18Jun, 2, 3, 12, 14Jul, 17, 26 Aug, area, punctures elsewhere subcontiguous to sep- 8 Oct, 26 Nov, Halstead, Henry, Karunaratne, arated by about half the width of a puncture, Krombein et al., Perera (USNM, Colombo, Law- impunctate area a third as wide as disk in middle rence, San Francisco); 36*, Ratmalana near air- and a sixth as wide laterally; tegula 1.2-1.3 times port, 15 Feb, 6 Jun, Krombein et al. (USNM). as long as wide, transparent except for inner anterior area; mesopleuron with subcontiguous large punctures and some interspersed smaller 21. Tiphia pulawskii, new species ones; hind tibia without a median ridge on inner FIGURE 55 surface; marginal cell extending farther toward wing apex than second submarginal; propodeal This handsome montane species is one of the areola tricarinate, median carina rarely reaching most distinctive species of Tiphia in the Ceylonese apex, surface roughened, basal width 1.4-1.8 fauna. Both sexes have yellow wings (brighter in times apical width and 0.8-0.9 times length, a female than in male), light red antennae, tegulae, narrow strip of small punctures adjacent to ar- and legs, golden vestiture, normal, not elongate, eola, rest of area glossy and delicately lineolate tegulae and lack an anterior ridge on the first anterolaterally, submarginal carina lacking; pos- abdominal tergum. The female lacks a groove on terior propodeal surface with close small punc- the inner surface of the hind basitarsus, and the tures, median ridge lacking; lateral propodeal hind tibia is not ridged on the inner surface. In surface closely obliquely rugulose, more delicately the male the marginal cell extends farther toward so below anteriorly. the wing apex than the second submarginal, and First abdominal segment 1.2-1.3 times as long the ridge separating the dorsal and posterior pro- as broad; first tergum without anterior ridge, podeal surfaces is usually evanescent but is always preapical impression weakly impressed, 2 or 3 weaker than normal. punctures wide across middle and 3 or 4 at sides; The species occurs only in a limited area of the posterolateral process (Figure 56) of fifth sternum Central Highlands in Nuwara Eliya District at high and only slightly arcuate, more or less lon- altitudes over 5000 ft. gitudinal, overlying an invagination along inner ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for Wojciech J. Pu- edge; sixth sternum without a median tuft of lawski, California Academy of Sciences, San dense suberect hair, the setae dense on either side Francisco, collaborator on Ceylonese Larridae. of smooth median vitta. HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province, SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala Sanctuary, 23- Mannar District: 16*, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte bunga- 24 Apr 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. low, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 20 m, 6-7 Oct, Krom- Weeratunge (USNM Type 100271). bein et al. (USNM). FEMALE.—Length 10.2 mm. Black, the follow- NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District: ing light red: mandible except tip, apical half of 26 Padaviya archeological site, 60 m, 11-14 Oct, clypeus, antenna, posterior margin of pronotal 50 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY disk, tegula, legs except forecoxa, mid and hind across middle; pygidium closely punctate on an- coxae above, and apical half of pygidium. Vesti- terior half and with a moderately broad smooth ture golden. Wings bright yellow, stigma light vitta posteriorly in middle, apical half smooth red, veins yellow to amber. and glossy. Head 1.7 times as broad as interocular distance ALLOTYPE.—6*, same label data as holotype at anterior ocellus; mandible with preapical den- (USNM). ticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe narrow, mar- MALE.—Length 7.7 mm. Coloration as in holo- gin truncate, lateral angles rounded, 1.3 times as type. Wings paler yellow, stigma dark brown, wide as antennal fossa; lower front not ridged veins on basal half yellow, light brown on apical along midline, contiguously to subcontiguously half. Vestiture golden. punctate; upper front with large areas impunc- Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distance tate, punctures very sparse except along eye mar- at anterior ocellus; mandible with stout preapical gin where they are separated by about half the denticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe flat, apex width of a puncture. emarginate, lateral angles broadly rounded, 1.5 Pronotal disk not ridged anteriorly, most punc- times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front with tures separated by about half the width of a weak median ridge, contiguously punctate except puncture except more crowded laterally, impunc- more sparsely toward side; upper front with large tate posterior area half as wide as disk medianly impunctate areas, a narrow patch of punctures and about a third laterally; lateral surface of separated from each other by half the width of a pronotum with median arcuate groove, smooth puncture below anterior ocellus, eye margin with except for fine wrinkles below; anterior scutal a strip 2 to 3 punctures in width. escarpment present only in middle, not reaching Pronotal disk with a relatively weak anterior notauli, middle of disk closely punctate, elsewhere ridge and no rugulae behind it, disk with most sparsely so; tegula transparent, 1.1 times as long punctures separated by half to about the width as broad; subalar patch of mesopleuron narrower of a puncture except posterior impunctate strip than tegula, densely micropunctate and with a which is half the width of disk in middle and few scattered large punctures, anterior disk with about a sixth at the sides; lateral pronotal surface scattered punctures of several sizes, mostly sepa- lacking median groove, smooth except for some rated by several times the width of a puncture, fine close wrinkles below; tegula transparent, 1.2 posterior disk with close small punctures; poste- times as long as broad; anterior half of mesopleu- rior tibia not inflated, 3 times as long as wide, ron with larger punctures separated by I or more not ridged on inner surface, sensorium large, sub- times the diameter of a puncture and with some circular, not impressed; inner surface of hind interspersed smaller ones, posterior half with scat- basitarsus not grooved; propodeal areola tricari- tered fine punctures; inner surface of hind tibia nate, median carina extending almost to apex, without median ridge, sensorium ovate, not im- basal width 1.2 times apical width and 0.6 times pressed; marginal cell of forewing extending far- length, area laterad of areola glossy and delicately ther toward apex than second submarginal; pro- roughened, submarginal carina lacking; posterior podeal areola tricarinate, carinae weak, median propodeal surface with a median ridge on apical one extending to apex, basal width 1.1 times half, with fine close punctures elsewhere; lateral apical width and 0.6 times length, area adjacent propodeal surface with close oblique weak rugu- to areola delicately shagreened and subopaque, lae posteriorly and above, very delicately lineolate submarginal carina lacking; ridge separating dor- anteriorly below. sal and posterior surfaces weaker than usual; Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum posterior propodeal surface with very short me- shallow, punctures large and subcontiguous, 2 dian ridge at apex, surface finely roughened and punctures wide on sides and 1 puncture wide with a few punctures; lateral propodeal surface NUMBER :i74 51 with close, oblique weak rugulae posteriorly and podeal dorsum, and the dark legs and noninflated above, delicately shagreened below anteriorly. mid and hind tibiae. The male also lacks a ridge First abdominal segment 1.4 times as long as on the first tergum and a submarginal carina on broad, preapical impression shallow, 2 punctures the propodeal dorsum as well as lacking a median wide across middle; posterolateral process (Figure tuft of dense suberect hair on the sixth abdominal 55) of fifth sternum low, very slightly arcuate, sternum and a ridge on the inner surface of hind almost longitudinal; sixth sternum without a me- tibia, the marginal cell extends farther toward dian tuft of dense suberect hair. wing apex than second submarginal, the tegula PARATYPES.—All CENTRAL PROVINCE, Nuwara is testaceous and transparent on apical half, and Eliya District: 39, Id, Nuwara Eliya, G.M. Henry short rugulae are lacking behind the anterior (Colombo), 1$, 25 Apr 1923, Id, 28 Apr 1923, 2$, pronotal ridge. The sexes are associated on the 12 May 1938; 1°., Galway Natural Reserve, Nu- basis of having been captured together, although wara Eliya, 6200 ft, 10 Jun 1978, P.B. Karunar- not in copula, at several localities in the lowland atne, V. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); rain forests at Kanneliya, Weddagala, and Gili- 16, Kanda-ela, 2 Jun 1975, S.L. Wood, J.L. Petty male, and also in the Dry Zone at Lahugala (USNM); 19, Hakgala, 3 Apr 1924, G.M. Henry Sanctuary. The species appears to be quite com- (Colombo). 19, 56<5, same locality as holotype but mon in lowland rain forests with high rainfall but with following data (USNM): 16*, 6-7 Feb 1979, occurs sparingly at several Dry Zone localities K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. with lower rainfall. Several males were collected Gunawardane; 26\ 1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb on foliage of kenda, Macaranga digyna (Wight) 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fer- Mueller-Argovensis, presumably attracted by se- nando, D.W. Balasooriya; 1$, 53d, 23-24 Apr cretions from the extrafloral nectaries on the up- 1981, 56 in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, T. per leaf surface near attachment of the leaf stem. Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunga. 1$, Ohiya, 6500 ft, 28 ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Walter Apr 1928, G.M. Henry (Colombo). Paratypes Wittmer, Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Swit- have been deposited in the National Museums of zerland, collaborator on Ceylonese Cantharidae. Sri Lanka (Colombo) and in the British Museum HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Subaragamuwa (Natural History). Province, Ratnapura District, Gilimale, Indu- Female paratypes are 10.0-11.8 mm long and ruwa Jungle, 5-7 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. differ in no essential details from the holotype. Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane Male paratypes are 7.3-8.1 mm long and are (USNM Type 100272). quite similar to the allotype except that the cly- FEMALE.—Length 9.5 mm. Black, the following peus may be black, the ridge between dorsal and light red: mandible except base and apex, flagel- posterior propodeal surfaces may be present but lum beneath, outer and posterior margins of teg- weak, and the preapical impression of first ab- ula, and apices narrowly of tarsal segments. Ves- dominal tergum may be only 1 puncture wide titure white. Wings slightly infumated, stigma across the middle. black, veins light brown. Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distance at anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe slightly convex, 22. Tiphia wittmeri, new species apex slightly emarginate, lateral angles rounded,

FIGURE 60 width 1.7 times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front without median ridge, subcontiguously The female of T. wittmeri is distinguished by punctate; upper front with 2 impunctate inter- the lack of an anterior ridge on the first abdomi- spaces hardly larger than an ocellus, most punc- nal tergum, of a groove on inner surface of hind tures separated by half the width of a puncture basitarsus, of a submarginal carina on the pro- but closer along eye margin. 52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, most apical abdominal segments. Wings very lightly punctures separated by half or more the width of infumated, stigma black, veins brown. a puncture except subcontiguous laterally, pos- Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance terior impunctate area half as wide as disk me- at anterior ocellus; mandible with a weak preap- dianly and about a fifth as wide laterally; anterior ical denticle (Figure 60); clypeal lobe flat, apex scutal escarpment present only in middle, not slightly emarginate, lateral angles rounded, apex reaching notauli; tegula 1.3 times as long as 1.4 times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front broad, with a delicate incised submarginal groove with contiguous small punctures and no median posteriorly and on posterior half of lateral mar- ridge; upper front with 2 impunctate interspaces gin; subalar patch of mesopleuron as wide as barely wider than an ocellus, elsewhere with tegula, densely and finely punctate and with a punctures separated by half the width of a punc- few scattered larger ones, anterior half of disk ture or less especially along eye margin. with most punctures separated by half the width Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge but of a puncture or less, posterior half with dense without adjacent short rugulae posteriorly, discal small punctures and interspersed larger ones an- punctures mostly separated by half the width of teriorly; hind tibia not inflated, 2.8 times as long a puncture, posterior smooth area about one- as wide, median ridge lacking on inner surface, fourth as wide as disk in middle and about an sensorium moderately long, broad at apex, not eighth at sides; tegula transparent except antero- impressed; hind basitarsus without median laterally, 1.3 times as long as wide, posterior half groove on inner surface; propodeal areola tricar- of side and apical margin with a delicate sub- inate, median carina complete to apex, surface marginal groove; anterior half of mesopleural finely roughened, basal width 1.3 times apical disk with moderately large punctures separated width and 0.6 times length, adjacent area deli- by half or more the width of a puncture and with many interspersed small punctures, posterior half cately shagreened anteriorly, glossy and with scat- with close small punctures; hind tibia without a tered punctures posteriorly, submarginal carina longitudinal ridge on inner surface, sensorium lacking; posterior propodeal surface with a well- long, narrow, slightly impressed; marginal cell of developed ridge on apical two-thirds, elsewhere forewing extending farther toward apex than sec- with dense fine punctures and a few interspersed ond submarginal; propodeal areola tricarinate, larger ones; lateral propodeal surface with fine, median carina complete, basal width 1.3 times close oblique rugulae above and posteriorly, apical width and 0.9 times length, surface irreg- glossy and with moderately scattered tiny punc- ularly roughened, area next to areola mostly tures anteriorly below. transversely lineolate, submarginal carina lack- Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum ing; posterior propodeal surface with a short me- shallow, mostly 2 punctures wide across middle dian ridge near apex, closely punctate elsewhere; and 3 at sides; pygidium on basal two-thirds lateral propodeal surface with slightly separated contiguously punctate in longitudinal rows and oblique rugulae posteriorly and above, glossy and with a smooth median vitta posteriorly, apical with a few scattered punctures below anteriorly. third glossy and smooth. First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long as ALLOTYPE.—6*, same label data as holotype wide; preapical impression of first tergum shal- (USNM). low, 2 punctures wide across middle and 3 at MALE.—Length 7.8 mm. Black, the following sides; posterolateral process of fifth sternum mod- light red: mandible except base and apex, flagel- erately high, arcuate, mainly longitudinally ori- lum beneath, fore and mid tibiae beneath, and ented; sixth sternum without a median tuft of narrow apices of tarsal segments; tegula testa- dense suberect hair. ceous. Vestiture white, tinged with yellow on PARATYPES.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Amparai Dis- NUMBER 374 53 trict: 1$, 16*, Lahugala Sanctuary tank, in Malaise K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, trap, 14-15 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and N.V.T.A. Weragoda; 16, 11-12 Mar 1972, K.V. S. Karunaratne (USNM). CENTRAL PROVINCE. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne; \9, 13-16 Aug Kandy District: 1$, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu- 1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne; 3$, 56, ary, 1800 ft, 3-5 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. 2-5 Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar- and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM); atne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Guna- 1$, Hangarapitiya, 1200 ft, 29 Sep 1970, O.S. wardane. MISCELLANEOUS. 16, Ceylon (London). Flint, Jr., R.E. Faycik (USNM); 1(5, Peradeniya Paratypes have been deposited in the National Botanic Garden, 13 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein, Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) and in the P.B. and S. Karunaratne, P. Fernando (USNM). British Museum (Natural History). WESTERN PROVINCE. Kalutara District: 1$, Morapi- Female paratypes are 6.5-9.2 mm long, the tiya, near Agalawatta, 13-14 Oct 1976, G.F. head is 1.5-1.7 times as wide as interocular dis- Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, S. Karunaratne, D.W. tance at anterior ocellus, and the basal width of Balasooriya (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. the propodeal areola is 1.3-1.4 times apical width Kegalla District: 39, 16, Kitulgala, Bandarakele, and 0.6-0.7 times length. Male paratypes are 4.2- 180-210 m (USNM) as follows: 29, 16, 15 Apr 7.1 mm long, the head is 1.5-1.7 times as wide as 1981, K.V. Krombein, L. Weeratunge, P. Lean- interocular distance at anterior ocellus, and the age; 1$, 25-26 Oct 1977, K.V. Krombein, T. basal width of the propodeal areola is 1.3-1.5 Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera, P.A. Panawatta. Rat- times apical width and 0.8-1.0 the length. napura District: 4$, 396*, Sinharaja Jungle, 2-3 mi Smaller specimens are comparatively more S of Weddagala, 490-530 m (USNM) as follows: sparsely punctate than the larger. 3$, 326, 8-12 Feb 1977,56 on foliage of Macaranga digyna, K.V. Krombein, P. Fernando, D.W. Bal- 23. Tiphia wirthi, new species asooriya, V. Gunawardane; 26, 18-21 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne; 1$, The female of T. wirthi is distinguished by a 56, 22-23 Sep 1977, 26 on foliage of Macaranga combination of the light red legs, normal tegula, digyna, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. lack of a groove on inner surface of hind basitar- Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera; 36, 8-9 Sep 1979, 16 sus, noninflated hind tibia, lightly infumated in Malaise trap, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, wings, the anterior escarpment of scutum not L. Jayawickrema, R. Subasinhe. 1$, 46, Gilimale, extending to notauli, and the crenulate furrows Induruwa Jungle (USNM) as follows: 1$, 7-8 margining the carinae of the propodeal areola. Mar 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. The male also has light-red legs and normal Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, L. Jayawickrema; 16, tegulae and is further distinguished by a combi- same label data as allotype; 16, 16-19 Apr 1981, nation of the weak preapical denticle on inner K.V. Krombein, L. Weeratunge, P. Leanage; 26, margin of mandible, bilobate clypeal lobe, the 19-22 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. second submarginal cell extending almost as far Karunaratne. 1$, Morningside, Rakwana, 4000 toward wing apex as the marginal, and the com- ft, 8 May 1929, G.M. Henry (Colombo), UVA paratively well-developed, oblique arcuate proc- PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 26, Angunakolape- ess of the fifth abdominal sternum. lessa, in Malaise trap, 17-19 Jun 1978, K.V. The species occurs in both the Dry Zone and Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare, L. Jay- Wet Zone but chiefly in areas of lower rainfall. awickrema (USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for Willis W. Wirth, District: 16, Kottawa Forest Reserve, Hiniduma, Systematic Entomology Laboratory, U.S. De- 11 Mar 1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne partment of Agriculture, who has provided iden- (USNM). 49, 76, Kanneliya section, Sinharaja tifications for dipterous prey of some Ceylonese Jungle (USNM) as follows: 16, 11-16 Jan 1975, sphecoid wasps. 54 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Southern Province, face with oblique, relatively close rugulae on Hambantota District, Yala, Palatupana, 8-10 posterior and upper areas, obliquely lineolate Mar 1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne anteriorly below. (USNM Type 100273). Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum FEMALE.—Length 7.2 mm. Black, the following shallow, contiguously punctate, 1 puncture wide light red: mandible except base and apex, an- across middle and 2 at sides; basal half of pygi- tenna beneath, tegula, legs except coxae, and dium with small and large subcontiguous punc- apex of pygidium. Vestiture white. Wings lightly tures and a smooth median vitta posteriorly, ap- infumated, stigma dark brown, veins light brown. ical half glossy and smooth. Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance ALLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, Central Province, at anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe flat, apex slightly Kandy District, 5 mi NW Mahiyangana, in Ma- emarginate, lateral angles rounded, 1.4 times as laise trap at Hasalaka Irrigation Bungalow, 30 wide as antennal fossa; lower half of front without Mar-9 Apr 1971, P. and P. Spangler (USNM). median ridge, contiguously punctate on a narrow MALE.—Length 6.5 mm. Black, the following strip below and then with larger punctures sepa- red: mandible except base and apex, flagellum rated by half the width of a puncture; upper front beneath, narrow posterior margin of pronotal with several impunctate interspaces wider than disk, tegula, and legs except coxae. Vestiture an ocellus, most punctures below anterior ocellus white tinged with yellow on apical abdominal and along eye margin separated by half the width segments. Wings clear, stigma dark brown, veins of a puncture. light brown. Pronotal disk with a weak but complete ante- Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance rior ridge, most punctures separated by half or at anterior ocellus; mandible with a small preap- more the width of a puncture, apical impunctate ical denticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe with area half as wide as disk along midline and a apex emarginate, angles broadly rounded, 1.5 fourth as wide at sides; lateral pronotal surface times as wide as antennal fossa; upper front with delicately obliquely aciculate and with a weak 3 impunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus, oblique median furrow; scutum with anterior most punctures separated by half or more the escarpment present only across middle, not reach- width of a puncture except 4 rows along eye ing notauli; tegula transparent, 1.1 times as long margin subcontiguous. as wide; subalar patch of mesopleuron densely Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge, be- micropunctate and with a few scattered large hind which are short longitudinal rugulae, most punctures, anterior half of disk with most punc- discal punctures separated by half the width of a tures separated by half or more the width of a puncture, impunctate apical area a third as wide puncture, posterior half with numerous small as disk in middle and an eighth at sides; lateral punctures and a few interspersed larger ones; surface of pronotum with oblique median groove, hind tibia not inflated, 3 times as long as wide, lower half with oblique rugulae; tegula transpar- inner surface not ridged, sensorium subcircular, ent, 1.2 times as long as wide; anterior half of not impressed; hind basitarsus not grooved on mesopleuron with punctures of uniform size sep- inner surface; propodeal areola tricarinate, me- arated by half the width of a puncture, posterior dian carina extending to apex, all carinae mar- half with extremely small punctures separated by gined by crenulate grooves, basal width 1.4 times slightly more than the width of a puncture; hind apical width and half the length, area adjacent tibia without a median ridge on inner surface; to areola delicately aciculate, submarginal carina second submarginal cell of forewing extending lacking: posterior surface of propodeum with a almost as far toward apex as marginal cell; pro- median ridge on apical half, with small relatively podeal areola tricarinate, median carina extend- close punctures elsewhere; lateral propodeal sur- ing almost to apex, basal width 1.4 times apical NUMBER 374 55 width and 0.8 times length, area adjacent to carinae of propodeal areola, in having completely areola glossy except delicately aciculate antero- red antennae, and in having the wing membrane laterally, submarginal carina lacking; posterior clear rather than lightly infumated. The male has propodeal surface with small close punctures, a normal tegula, light red tibiae and tarsi except median ridge lacking; lateral propodeal surface that hind basitarsi are occasionally infuscated, a with somewhat separated oblique rugulae above tuft of dense short suberect hair on sixth abdom- and posteriorly, delicately aciculate below ante- inal sternum, and the second submarginal cell of riorly. forewing extending as far toward wing apex as First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long as the marginal cell. broad; preapical impression of first tergum shal- Tiphia carvalhoi is known from only a few spec- low, 1 puncture wide; posterolateral process of imens from the Colombo area on the west coast fifth sternum moderately developed, oblique, ar- and from the Trincomalee area on the east coast. cuate; sixth sternum without a median tuft of The sex association is based on the capture of dense suberect hair. both sexes at Colpetty, although not on the same PARATYPES.—26*, same label data as allotype date. (USNM). CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 1$, ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Jose Thawalamtenne, 18 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, CM. Carvalho, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasoo- Brazil, collaborator on Ceylonese Miridae. riya (USNM). WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: HOLOTYPE.—<3, Sri Lanka, Western Province, 19, Colombo, Museum Gardens, 50 ft, 21 Apr Colombo District, Gampaha Botanic Garden, 14 1977, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM). 1 9, same label Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. Fernando, D.W. data as holotype (USNM). A pair of paratypes Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane (USNM Type has been deposited in the National Museums of 100275). Sri Lanka (Colombo). MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, the following Female paratypes are 6.3 mm long and are light red: mandible except base and apex, flagel- very similar to the holotype except that the head lum beneath, posterior margin of pronotum, api- is 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance at ces of femora, all tibiae and tarsi except hind anterior ocellus, the basal width of propodeal tibia and tarsus infuscated in part; tegula testa- areola is 0.6 times the length, and the preapical ceous. Vestiture white, that on apical abdominal band of punctures on first abdominal tergum segments tinged with red. Wings very slightly may be 2 punctures wide across middle. Male infuscated, stigma almost black, veins medium paratypes are 5.9-6.2 mm long and are quite like brown. the allotype; the head width is 1.5-1.7 times the Head 1.6 times as wide as interocular distance interocular distance at anterior ocellus, and the at anterior ocellus; clypeal lobe flat, apex slightly basal width of the propodeal areola ranges from emarginate, lateral angles broadly rounded, 1.5 0.7 to 0.9 the length. times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front with- out median ridge, with contiguous, rather small punctures; upper front without impunctate inter- 24. Tiphia carvalhoi, new species spaces as wide as an ocellus, a narrow impunctate This female is similar to that of T. wirthi, new vitta in front of fore ocellus, punctures adjacent species, in having light red legs and normal teg- to vitta and along eye margin separated by half ula, in lacking a groove on inner surface of hind the width of a puncture. basitarsus, and in having a noninflated hind tibia. Pronotal disk with a strong anterior ridge, short It differs from T. wirthi in having the anterior rugulae behind it absent, discal punctures rather escarpment of scutum complete and reaching the uniform in size, separated from each other by half notauli, in lacking crenulate furrows adjacent to to the diameter of a puncture, apical impunctate 56 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY strip a third as wide as disk in middle and a fifth separated by half the width of a puncture, and at side; lateral pronotal surface with a strong, inner eye margin with 3 rows of contiguous punc- oblique, slightly arcuate median groove, upper tures, remainder of area with very scattered punc- area obliquely, closely lineolate, lower area with tures. a few oblique rugulae; tegula transparent, 1.2 Pronotal disk with a complete but weak ante- times as long as wide; mesopleuron with larger rior ridge, most discal punctures separated by 2 punctures of about same density as pronotal disk or more times the diameter of a puncture except and with some interspersed smaller ones; second laterally where they are separated by half the submarginal cell of forewing extending almost as width and a posterior contiguous row just before far toward apex as marginal cell; hind tibia with apical impunctate area which is half as wide as a low weak ridge on inner surface; propodeal disk in middle and a fifth at sides; scutum with areola tricarinate, median carina complete, basal complete anterior escarpment reaching notauli, width 1.8 times apical width and subequal to center of disk contiguously punctate, otherwise length, area laterad of areola finely and closely smooth except for a few scattered punctures ad- aciculate, submarginal carina strong, curving jacent to notauli; tegula transparent, 1.2 times as around spiracular area and terminating in lateral long as wide; subalar patch of mesopleuron nar- ridge four-fifths distance to apex; posterior pro- rower than tegula, dense minute punctures miss- podeal surface without a median ridge, with close ing but area minutely roughened and with larger small punctures; lateral propodeal surface with punctures separated by half their width; meso- close oblique rugulae above and posteriorly, and pleural disk on anterior half with moderate-sized close oblique lineolations anteriorly below. punctures mostly separated by half to the width First abdominal segment unusually broad, of a puncture, posterior half with small, moder- length 0.9 times width; first tergum with preapi- ately close punctures; hind tibia not inflated, cal impression very shallow, 2 punctures wide almost 3 times as long as broad, inner surface across middle, and 3 or 4 at sides; posterolateral without median ridge; hind basitarsus without a process of fifth sternum moderately raised, groove on inner surface; propodeal areola tricar- oblique, arcuate; sixth sternum with dense tuft of inate, median carina complete, carinae not mar- suberect hair except along narrow median streak. gined by crenulate grooves, basal width 1.4 times ALLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Western Province, apical width and 0.6 times length, adjacent area Colombo District, Colombo, Colpetty, 103 Galle finely aciculate and with a few small punctures Rd., 15 May 1968, T.F. Halstead (San Francisco). anterolaterally, submarginal carina lacking; pos- FEMALE.—Length 6.3 mm. Black, the following terior propodeal surface with evanescent median light red: mandible except apex, apical half of ridge on apical two-thirds, finely and closely clypeal lobe, antenna, posterior margin of pron- punctate; lateral propodeal surface with oblique otal disk, tegula, legs except coxae and infuscated rugulae on upper and posterior areas more sepa- hind tarsus, and apical half of pygidium. Vesti- rated than in T. wirthi, lower anterior area ture white. Wings clear, stigma brown, veins tes- obliquely lineolate. taceous. First abdominal tergum with preapical impres- Head 1.5 times as wide as interocular distance sion shallow, 2 punctures wide laterally, and 1 at fore ocellus; clypeal lobe narrow, margin sub- puncture across middle, disk before impression truncate, angles broadly rounded, 1.2 times as with rather numerous smaller punctures on me- wide as antenna fossa; lower front with median dian area; basal half of pygidium contiguously ridge lacking, punctures separated by about half punctate and with a small median smooth area the width of a puncture; upper front with several posteriorly, apical half smooth and glossy. impunctate interspaces wider than an ocellus, PARATYPES.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee area below fore ocellus with a row of punctures District: 2(5, Nilaveli, 18-19 Nov 1979, M. Kosz- NUMBER M74 57 tarab, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema (USNM). Pundaluoya in the British Museum (Natural His- WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 1<3, same label tory), Zoologisches Museum (Berlin), or National data as holotype (USNM). 1(5, Ratmalana, 29 Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo), nor in the Sep 1976, S. Karunaratne (USNM); 1

face with a strong, complete median ridge, upper Garden, 28 Jan, 24 May, 27 Sep, 8 Nov, Krom- area mostly impunctate, lower area finely and bein et al., Messersmith et al. (USNM); 16*, God- closely punctate; lateral propodeal surface with agama, 25 Oct, Robinson et al. (USNM); 26\ oblique, more separated rugulae posteriorly and Colombo, Museum Gardens, 50 ft, 6, 14 Jun, above, anteriorly below with oblique lineolations. Krombein et al., Wijesinhe (USNM). Kalutara First abdominal segment 1.3-1.6 times as long District: 19, Agalawatta, in Malaise trap, 23-25 as broad; preapical impression of first tergum Jul, Huang et al. (USNM). shallow, 2 punctures wide across middle, 3 or 4 at SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Kegalla District: 19, sides, anterior half of disk with scattered small Kitulgala Jungle, 180-210 m, in Malaise trap, punctures; posterolateral process of fifth sternum 25-26 Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM). Ratnapura low, arcuate, oblique; sixth sternum without a District: 16*, Kahawatta, 15 mi SE Ratnapura, tuft of dense suberect hair. 500 ft, swept from vegetation in rubber planta- SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTH CENTRAL PROV- tion, Brinck et al. (Lund); 16", Ratnapura, 21 INCE. Anuradhapura District: 19, 26*, Ritigala Natu- Dec, Henry (Colombo); 26*, Kiriwandeniya, 13 ral Reserve, 24-25 Feb, Krombein et al. (USNM). mi E Wewelwatta, 20 Jun, Krombein et al. EASTERN PROVINCE. Amparai District: 109, 19<5, (USNM); 39, 36\ Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 26 Ekgal Aru Sanctuary Jungle, 100 m, 19-22 Feb, Mar, 16-19 Apr, 10 Oct, 16" in Malaise trap, 1 9-11 Mar, Krombein et al. (USNM). pair in copula (32681 A), Krombein et al. CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale District: 19, Kibissa (USNM). Jungle, 0.5 mi W Sigiriya, 1-3 Mar, Krombein et UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 19, Kalugalla, al. (USNM). Kandy District: 19, 16\ 5 mi NW Namunakula, May (Colombo). Monaragala Dis- Mahiyangana, Hasalaka Irrigation Bung., 30 trict: 19, Bibile, 18 Jul, Henry (Colombo). Mar-9 Apr, in Malaise trap, Spangler et al. SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 19, Kottawa (USNM); 19, Hasalaka, 107 m, 16-19 Feb, Forest, 23 Oct, Robinson et al. (USNM). Matara Krombein et al. (USNM); 19, Hantane Hill, 10 District: 29, near Deniyaya, 1000 ft, in Malaise Dec, Piyadasa et al. (USNM); 239, 5d\ Kandy trap, Hevel et al. (USNM). (includes Roseneath, Deiyannewela, Peak View MISCELLANEOUS. 19, Ceylon, Wickwar (Col- Motel, 1800 ft, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 510-580 ombo); 29, Ceylon, Nietner, #6095 (Berlin). m, 600 m, 2100 ft), 12, 15-24 Jan, 1, 9-13, 25 Feb, 26-28 May, 5-15, 20-30 Jul, 16-31 Aug, 26. Tiphia vanlithi, new species 1-17, 23-25 Sep, 12-14 Oct, Davis et al., Henry, Karunaratne, Keiser, Krombein et al., Messer- The female of T. vanlithi is unique among the smith et al. (USNM, Colombo, Basel); 19, 3c?, females of the five Ceylonese species having a Peradeniya (includes Botanical Garden), 24 Jan, grooved inner surface of the hind basitarsus in 13, 28 Feb, Dec, Buttel-Reepen, Henry, Krom- that the legs except coxae are light red, the fore- bein et al., Piyadasa et al. (USNM, Colombo, wing is yellowish, and the vestiture is reddish Berlin); 16\ Teldeniya, 19 Nov, Keiser (Basel); golden to yellowish. In the other species only the 16*, Thawalamtenne, 12-13 Mar, Krombein et al. mid and hind femora may be red, the vestiture is (USNM). white, and the wings are infumated. The male is NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Kurunegala District: distinguished by having the scape, pedicel, and 29, Kurunegala, Badagamuwa Jungle, 24-27 Jan, legs except coxae light red, fiagellum infuscated, 16-19 Apr, Krombein et al. (USNM). mandible with a preapical denticle on inner sur- WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 49, 16*, La- face, pronotal ridge with a series of short perpen- bugama Reservoir Jungle, 15 Jan, 23 Jun, 11, dicular carinae posteriorly, and normal tegula. 15-18 Jul, 13-14 Oct, Henry, Krombein et al. The species is known only from four specimens (USNM, Colombo); 29, 36\ Gampaha Botanical from two localities in the Wet Zone. 60 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for the late J.P. van marginal carina lacking; posterior propodeal sur- Lith, Rotterdam, Netherlands, collaborator on face with weak median ridge on apical two-thirds, Ceylonese Psenirtae. rest of area with fine close punctures; lateral HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province, propodeal surface with close oblique rugulae on Kandy District, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu- posterior and upper areas, obliquely lineolate ary, 12-14 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka- anteriorly below. runaratne, T. \Vijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. First abdominal tergum with subapical impres- Gunawardane (USNM Type 100275). sion shallow, contiguously punctate, 1 puncture FEMALE.—Length 8.0 mm. Black, the following wide across middle, 2 at sides; anterior half of light red: mandible except tip, median lobe of pygidium contiguously punctate except smooth clypeus, antenna, posterior edge of pronotal disk, median area posteriorly, apical half glossy and tegula, legs except coxae and apical half of pygi- smooth. dium. Vestiture reddish golden. Wings yellowish ALLOTYPE.—6\ same locality and collectors as but not so strongly as in T. pulawskii, new species, holotype but 1800 ft, in Malaise trap, 1-3 Sep stigma reddish, veins amber to light brown. 1980 (USNM). Head 1.8 times as wide as interocular distance MALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, the following at fore ocellus; lc>wer front without median ridge, light red: mandible except extreme tip and base, most punctures contiguous; upper front with scat- scape and pedicel, tegula except inner anterior tered punctures except narrowly along eye mar- area, and legs except coxae. Vestiture slightly gin where they

FIGURES 43, 45, 47, 49, 59 Pronotal disk with a weak anterior ridge, punc- tures contiguous anterolaterally and in a row Tiphia hirashimai is the largest known Ceylonese adjacent to impunctate apical section, elsewhere Tiphia (9, 11.6-15.1 mm; 6\ 6.5-8.4 mm). The separated by half the diameter of a puncture, female is readily separated from those of all other apical impunctate area two-thirds as wide as disk Ceylonese species except T. dayi, new species, and in middle and a third at sides; lateral pronotal T. fennahi, new species, by the bright-red mid and surface with an oblique median groove, upper hind femora. In addition to being larger than area closely obliquely aciculate, lower angle finely those two species, T. hirashimai has a much more wrinkled; anterior escarpment of scutum present densely punctate front, and the clypeus has an only on middle, not extending to notauli; tegula evenly and broadly rounded apical margin. The opaque, delicately shagreened, 1.2 times as long 62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

as broad; subalar patch of mesopleuron as wide upper front predominantly contiguously punctate as tegula, closely micropunctate and with scat- but some punctures separated by half or more the tered larger punctures; anterior half of mesopleu- width of a puncture and with 2 impunctate in- ron with most punctures separated by half the terspaces almost as wide as an ocellus. width of a puncture or less, posterior half with Pronotal disk with strong anterior ridge but fine dense punctures; hind tibia not inflated (Fig- lacking short rugulae behind ridge, punctures ure 47), 3 times as long as broad, inner surface small, mostly separated by the width of a punc- (Figure 45) with a median ridge ending in a ture or more except laterally where they are slightly depressed sensorium; hind basitarsus separated by half the width of a puncture, pos- (Figure 43) with a median groove half as long as terior impunctate area a third as wide as disk in segment; propodeal areola tricarinate, median middle and a fifth as wide at sides; tegula opaque, carina extending almost to apex, narrow strip shagreened, 1.3 times as long as wide; anterior adjacent to median carina irregularly roughened, half of mesopleuron with most punctures sepa- basal width 1.3 times apical width and half the rated by half or more the width of a puncture length, area adjacent to areola delicately sha- and with scattered smaller punctures, posterior greened, submarginal carina evanescent, present half more closely punctate with very small punc- only on basal half; posterior propodeal surface tures along posterior margin; marginal cell ex- with a weak median ridge on apical half, with tending farther toward forewing apex than sec- dense fine punctures and a few scattered small ond submarginal; inner surface of hind tibia with ones; lateral propodeal surface with close oblique a strong median ridge; propodeal areola tricari- rugulae on posterior and upper areas, delicately nate, median carina extending to apex, basal aciculate anteriorly below. width 1.4 times apical width and equal to length, Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum area adjacent to areola delicately aciculate and weak, with contiguous punctures that are 1 punc- with a few scattered punctures, submarginal car- ture wide across middle and 2 or 3 laterally; basal ina present on basal half; posterior propodeal half of pygidium contiguously punctate in longi- surface with weak median ridge on basal half, tudinal rows and with a median impunctate area and with moderately close small punctures except posteriorly, apical half with a few wrinkles at narrow area above impunctate; lateral propodeal base, smooth at tip. surface with close oblique rugulae posteriorly and ALLOTYPE.—6\ same locality as holotype but above, obliquely lineolate on lower anterior area. 600 m, 12-14 Oct 1980, in Malaise trap, K.V. First abdominal segment 1.3 times as long as Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. broad; preapical impression of first tergum very Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM). shallow and broad, with a single row of small MALE.—Length 8.3 mm. Black, the following punctures separated from each other by the width red: middle of mandible, foretibia and tarsus of a puncture; posterolateral process of fifth ster- beneath, and narrow apices of mid tarsal seg- num strong, slightly arcuate, oblique; sixth ster- ments; flagellum light brown beneath. Vestiture num without tuft of dense suberect hair. white, tinged with yellow on apical abdominal PARATYPES. CENTRAL PROVINCE. Mdtdle Dis- segments. Forewing very lightly infumated, trict: 19, Mousakande, Gammaduwa, G.M. stigma black, veins dark brown. Henry, 11 Nov 1929 (Colombo). Kandy District: Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distance 19, Mandagaloya, 1900 ft, Peak Wilderness area, at fore ocellus; mandible with a preapical denticle 29 Sep 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr., RJ. Faycik (USNM); (Figure 59) on inner margin; clypeal lobe with 19, Woodside, Urugalla, Sep 1922, G.M. Henry emarginate apex and broadly rounded angles, 1.7 (Colombo); 219, 2Id, Kandy as follows: 29, 26\ times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front con- Udawattakele Sanctuary, 2100 ft, 5-15 Jul 1976, tiguously punctate and without a median ridge; S. Karunaratne (USNM); 59, 2(5, same label data NUMBER :574 63 as holotype (USNM); 39, 3c?, Udawattakele distance, the lower front may have a median Sanct., 26-30 Jul 1978, 1$ in yellow pan trap, Id ridge, the tegula may be only 1.1 times as long as in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar- broad, the basal width of the propodeal areola atne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Kula- may be 1.6 times as great as apical width, and in sekare (USNM); 1$, Udawattakele Sanct., 2-13 large specimens the first abdominal segment may Aug 1976, S. Karunaratne (USNM); \9, Uda- be only 1.1 times as long as broad, and the clypeal wattakele Sanct., 16-31 Aug 1976, S. Karunar- lobe only 1.5 times as wide as antennal fossa. atne (USNM); 1$, 24 Aug 1914, G.M. Henry (Colombo); 3$, 36, Udawattakele Sanct., 1800 ft, 1-3 Sep 1980, 1<5 in Malaise trap, K.V. Krom- 28. Tiphfa dayi, new species bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jaya- PTiphia rufo-femorata Smith.—Bingham, 1896:431 [9; Pun- wickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 1<5, Lady daloya, Ceylon; misidentification]. Horton's, 7 Sep 1953, F. Keiser (Basel); Id, Uda- wattakele Sanct., 8-10 Sep 1977, K.V. Krombein, Tiphia rufofemorata Smith does not occur in Sri P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera Lanka. Considering the altitude and locality, it is (USNM); 2$, 2(5, Udawattakele Sanct., 21-22 probable that Bingham misidentified as T. rufo- Sep 1980, 19 in pitfall trap, 1<5 in Malaise trap, femorata a female of the species described here as K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, T. dayi. It is the only female with red femora that L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 26, is likely to occur at Pundaluoya. Udawattakele Sanct., 23-25 Sep 1980, 1 in Ma- Tiphia dayi, T. fennahi, new species, and T. laise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, L. hirashimai, new species, are unique in the Cey- Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane, P. Leanage lonese fauna in that the females have light-red (USNM); 39, Sep 1910, O.S. Wickwar (Col- mid and hind femora and a median groove on ombo); 4c5, same label data as allotype, 2 in the inner surface of the hind basitarsus. The Malaise trap (USNM); 16, Udawattakele Sanct., female of the latter species is considerably larger 14-16 Oct 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunar- than the former two and is also easily distin- atne, P. Fernando, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera guished by having the clypeal margin broadly (USNM); 16, Udawattakele Sanct., 2-5 Nov and evenly rounded rather than having a rela- 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wi- tively narrow median lobe extending beyond the jesinhe, M. Jayaweera (USNM). MISCELLANEOUS. rest of the margin. 29, Ceylon, Nietner, #6091 (Berlin). A pair of Tiphia dayi occurs most commonly at higher paratypes has been deposited in both the Na- altitudes and is rarely found below about 2000 ft tional Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) and elevation, whereas T. fennahi is more common at British Museum (Natural History). low altitudes and is not found higher than 2200 Female paratypes are 11.6-15.1 mm long and feet. Typical females of the two species are nor- agree in most details with the holotype, except mally separated without difficulty because those that lateral pronotal surface below groove may of T. dayi are usually more sparsely punctate, be obliquely rugulose, lower anterior area of lat- having several impunctate areas on the upper eral propodeal surface may have some dense, fine front wider than an ocellus, many discal punc- punctures, tegula may be 1.4 times as long as tures on the mesopleuron separated by one to broad, head width may be 1.9 times as great as several times the diameter of a puncture, and the interocular distance at fore ocellus, and basal subapical band of punctures on the first abdom- width of propodeal areola may be 1.5 times apical inal tergum only one puncture wide across the width. Male paratypes are 6.5-8.4 mm long and middle. Females of T fennahi are usually more agree in most details with the allotype, but the densely punctate, the upper front with smaller head width may be 1.8 times the interocular and fewer impunctate interspaces, mesopleural 64 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY punctures separated at most by the width of a Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, punc- puncture, and the preapical band of punctures of tures subcontiguous anteriorly, laterally, and in first tergum two punctures wide across the mid- a row adjacent to broad posterior impunctate dle; however, the frontal and mesopleural punc- area, elsewhere punctures separated by 1 or more tation is occasionally denser in T. dayi, particu- times the width of a puncture, posterior impunc- larly at lower altitudes such as Udawattakele tate strip half as wide as disk in middle and a Sanctuary, Kandy, and the two species must then fourth as wide at sides; lateral pronotal surface be separated by the preapical punctation on first with a weak oblique median furrow, delicately tergum. obliquely lineolate above and with fine oblique The males of T. dayi and T. fennahi have the carinules below; scutum with anterior escarpment legs predominantly dark, the sixth abdominal present only in middle; tegula opaque, shining, sternum without a tuft of dense suberect hair, the 1.3 times as long as wide; subalar patch of me- marginal cell extending farther toward apex of sopleuron smaller than tegula, densely micro- forewing than the second submarginal, the tegula punctate and with a few scattered larger punc- dark, opaque, and normal in size, the inner sur- tures; mesopleural disk with most punctures sep- face of the hind tibia usually without a longitu- arated by 1 to several times the width of a punc- dinal ridge or narrow smooth strip, and the man- ture, comparatively sparser below; hind tibia not dible with a preapical denticle on the inner mar- inflated, 2.8 times as long as broad, inner surface gin. Males of these species are readily separated without a median ridge, sensorium not impressed; from each other by the shape of the first abdom- hind basitarsus with a median groove on inner inal segment, which is 1.3-1.4 times as long as surface half as long as segment; propodeal areola broad in T. dayi and 1.1 times as long as broad in tricarinate, median carina extending four-fifths T. fennahi, by the erect vestiture of the body, of distance to apex, basal width 1.4 times apical which is black in the former species and silvery, width and half the length, surface smooth with a cinereous or light brown in the latter, and by the few small punctures; area laterad of areola usually relatively sparser punctation of T. dayi. smooth on posterior half, finely shagreened on ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Mi- anterior half, submarginal carina lacking; poste- chael C. Day, British Museum (Natural History), rior propodeal surface finely and closely punctate London, collaborator on Ceylonese Pompilinae. and with a weak ridge on lower half; lateral HOLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Central Province, propodeal surface with close oblique rugulae on Nuwara Eliya District, Hakgala Natural Reserve, posterior and upper areas, smooth anteriorly be- 1650-1800 m, 23-25 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, low. P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasoo- Preapical impression of first abdominal tergum riya (USNM Type 100277). weak, 1 puncture wide across middle, several FEMALE.—Length 8.1 mm. Black, the following punctures wide at side; pygidium contiguously light red: mandible except tip, mid and hind punctate on basal half and with a narrow median femora, and narrow apices of tarsal segments. impunctate space posteriorly, apical half smooth. Vestiture white to cinereous. Wings lightly infu- ALLOTYPE.—6*, same label data as holotype mated, stigma black, veins brown. (USNM). Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distance MALE.—Length 6.3 mm. Black, foretibia be- at fore ocellus; clypeal lobe with subtruncate neath red. Erect vestiture on body black. Fore- apex, 1.3 times as wide as antennal fossa; front wing moderately infumated, stigma black, veins without median ridge, upper part with scattered brown. punctures except for contiguous punctures along Head 1.7 times as wide as interocular distance eye margin and with several impunctate inter- at anterior ocellus; mandible with preapical den- spaces wider than an ocellus. ticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe shallowly NUMBER 374 65 emarginate at apex, bluntly rounded laterally, tunge (USNM); 1(5, Udawattakele Sanct., 26-30 1.3 times as wide as antennal fossa; lower front Jul 1978, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V. Ku- with very weak median ridge, subcontiguously lasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); 1<5, Uda- punctate; upper front with 2 impunctate inter- wattakele Sanct., 1-3 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein, spaces as wide as an ocellus, punctures separated P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawick- by half or once the diameter of a puncture except rema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); 1(5, Udawat- a narrow strip along inner eye margin subcontig- takele Sanct., 1800 ft, 21-22 Sep 1980, K.V. uously punctate. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Pronotal disk with strong anterior ridge but Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM); \9, lacking rugulae behind ridge, most punctures Udawattakele Sanct., 1800 ft, 23-25 Sep 1980, separated by the width of a puncture or more, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, L. Jayawick- posterior impunctate area half as wide as disk in rema, V. Gunawardane, P. Leanage (USNM); middle and very narrow at side; tegula opaque, 1(5, Roseneath, 29 Sep 1953, F. Keiser (Basel); 2$, delicately shagreened, 1.3 times as long as wide; Udawattakele Sanct., 600 m, 12-14 Oct 1980, mesopleural disk with most punctures separated K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, by twice or more the width of a puncture; mar- L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane (USNM). 1<5, ginal cell extending farther toward wing apex Thawalamtenne, 12-13 Mar 1981, K.V. Krom- than second submarginal; inner surface of hind bein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge (USNM). \9, tibia without a median ridge or smooth streak; Adams Peak Trail, 4.5 mi W Maskeliya, propodeal areola tricarinate, median carina com- 1690-1770 m, 21 Oct 1977, K.V. Krombein plete, surface finely roughened, basal width 1.6 (USNM). Nuwara Eliya District: 39, 4c5, Ohiya as times apical width and 1.1 times length; surface follows: 1(5, 6500 ft, 23 Apr 1928, G.M. Henry adjacent to areola mostly transversely, delicately (Colombo); 1$, Apr 1928, G.M. Henry (Col- carinulate, submarginal carina lacking; posterior ombo); 1$, 33, Apr 1929, G.M. Henry (Colombo); propodeal surface with a weak median ridge on 1$, 5500 ft, 1 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, S. lower half, the upper half smooth, lower half Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). 19, 1(5, transversely delicately carinulate; lateral propo- Elk Plains, G.M. Henry (Colombo) as follows: 1$, deal surface with delicate oblique rugulae poste- 4 May 1938; 1(5, 23 Aug 1929. 189, 37(5, Nuwara riorly and anteriorly above, shagreened anteriorly Eliya as follows: 19, stream below Lover's Leap, below. 2 Apr 1978, M.D. Hubbard, T. Wijesinhe First abdominal segment slender, 1.3 times as (USNM); 39, 3(5, 27-29 May 1975, D.H. Mes- long as wide; preapical impression of first tergum sersmith, G.L. Williams, P.B. Karunaratne broad, shallow, mostly 2 punctures wide; poster- (USNM); 1(5, One Tree Hill, 1900 m, 1 Jun 1953, olateral process of fifth sternum low, oblique, F. Keiser (Basel); 89, 25(5, Galway Natural Re- arcuate; sixth sternum without dense tuft of sub- serve, 6200 ft, 10 Jun 1978, P.B. Karunaratne, V. erect setae. Kulasekare, L. Jayawickrema (USNM); 29, 1(5, PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale Dis- 25-26 Jul 1924, G.M. Henry (Colombo); 39, 7(5, trict: 29, 1(5, Mousakande, Gammaduwa, 5-9 Nov Galway Nat. Res., 1790-1990 m, 22-23 Oct 1977, 1929, G.M. Henry (Colombo). Randy District: 69, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera. 4<5, Randy as follows: 1$, Udawattakele Sanctu- P.A. Panawatte (USNM); 19, 28 Sep-1 Oct 1973, ary, 8-11 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karu- Galway Nat. Res., K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karu- naratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Guna- naratne, P. Fernando (USNM). 29, Kanda-ela wardane (USNM); 1$, Udawattakele Sanct., Reservoir, 5.6 mi SW Nuwara Eliya, 6200 ft as 14-20 Apr 1975, S. and P.B. Karunaratne follows: 19, 10-21 Feb 1970, DR. Davis, W.L. (USNM); 1$, Udawattakele Sanct., 25-27 Apr Rowe (USNM); 19, 1-5 Oct 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr., 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Weera- RJ. Faycik (USNM). 19, Hakgala, Jan 1906 66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

(Colombo); 29, 4c?, Hakgala, G.M. Henry (Col- punctation is sometimes relatively denser; the ombo) as follows: 16\ 22 Mar 1924; Id, 17 Aug inner surface of hind tibia may have a smooth 1929; 16\ 19 Aug 1929; 1$, 22 Aug 1929; 1?, 24 median streak or ridge; and the first abdominal Aug 1929; 16\ 26 Aug 1929. 14$, 105

HOLOTYPE.—6\ Sri Lanka, North Central Prov- riorly and above, finely and closely lineolate an- ince, Anuradhapura District, Hunuwilagama teriorly below. near Wilpattu, 200 ft, in Malaise trap, 28 Oct-3 First abdominal segment 1.2 times as long as Nov 1976, G.F. Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, S. broad; preapical impression shallow, mostly 2 Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type punctures wide; posterolateral process of fifth 100279). sternum relatively high, slightly arcuate, mainly MALE.—Length 5.0 mm. Black, the following longitudinally oriented; sixth sternum without light red: mandible except base and apex, scape tuft of dense suberect hair. and flagellum beneath, fore and mid tibiae and FEMALE.—Unknown. tarsi; tegula testaceous, transparent. Vestiture PARATYPES.—76*, same label data as holotype short, relatively sparse on abdomen, white. Wings (USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Matale District: \6, clear, stigma black, veins light brown. Deniyaya, near 1000 ft, 19-20 Oct 1976, in Ma- Head width 1.6 times interocular distance at laise trap, G.F. Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, S. Karu- anterior ocellus; inner margin of mandible with- naratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). Paratypes out a preapical denticle; clypeal lobe relatively have been placed in the National Museums of Sri narrow, 1.4 times as wide as antennal fossa, mar- Lanka (Colombo) and British Museum (Natural gin subtruncate, lateral angles rounded; lower History). front without median ridge, with close contiguous The paratypes are 4.9-6.1 mm long and are punctures; upper front with small punctures otherwise very similar to the holotype. mostly separated by at least twice the width of a puncture except along inner eye margin where they are closer, and with several impunctate in- 31. Tiphia sabroskyi, new species terspaces wider than an ocellus. This species is known from a short series of Pronotal disk with a moderate anterior trans- males mostly from localities in the Dry Zone. It verse ridge with short weak rugulae behind ridge, is very similar to the male of T. wittmeri, new discal punctures small and separated by 1 to 2 species, a taxon which occurs mostly in the Wet times the width of a puncture, apical impunctate Zone and quite sparingly in the Dry Zone. The area a third as wide as disk at midline and a sixth male of T. sabroskyi may be distinguished by the as wide laterally; lateral pronotal disk without a normal tegula that is transparent except for inner median groove, upper area obliquely striolate, anterior area, the second submarginal cell of the lower half with a few oblique rugulae; tegula forewing not extending so far toward the apex as glossy, smooth, 1.2 times as long as wide; meso- the marginal cell, absence of entirely red legs, pleural disk with small punctures separated by 1 lack of a tuft of dense erect hair on sixth abdom- to 2 times the width of a puncture and with a few inal sternum, presence of short rugulae behind interspersed minute punctures; hind tibia without anterior pronotal ridge, a sinuous submarginal median ridge on inner surface; propodeal areola ridge on dorsal propodeal surface, and the ex- tricarinate, median carina complete to apex, tremely sparse oblique rugulae on upper section basal width twice the apical width and three- of lateral propodeal surface. fourths the length, surface of areola weakly irreg- ETYMOLOGY.—The species is named for Curtis ularly rugulose, area laterad of areola smooth W. Sabrosky, Systematic Entomology Labora- posteriorly, closely transversely lineolate ante- tory, U.S. Department of Agriculture (retired), riorly, submarginal ridge lacking; posterior pro- who has furnished identifications of some dipter- podeal surface with a weak median ridge on lower ous prey of Ceylonese solitary wasps. half, surface weakly roughened; lateral propodeal HOLOTYPE.—6\ Sri Lanka, Central Province, surface with mostly longitudinal rugulae poste- Kandy District, Hasalaka, 107 m, 16-19 Feb 70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fer- sparser than normal, moderately shagreened an- nando, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type 100280). teriorly below. MALE.—Length 6.9 mm. Black, the following First abdominal segment 1.1 times as long as light red: mandible in middle, flagellum beneath, broad; preapical impression of first tergum shal- apex narrowly of all femora, fore and mid tibiae low, with rather large punctures 1 puncture wide and tarsi, narrow apices of hind tibia and tarsal across middle and 2 punctures wide laterally; segments; tegula testaceous and transparent ex- posterolateral process of fifth sternum low, ar- cept inner anterior area opaque and dark. Vesti- cuate, mostly transversely oriented; sixth sternum ture white except apex of abdomen slightly yel- without tuft of dense suberect hair. lowish. Wings clear, stigma black, veins light FEMALE.—Unknown. brown. PARATYPES.—EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee Head width 1.6 times interocular distance at District: 16\ China Bay, 0-100 ft, in Malaise trap, anterior ocellus; mandible without preapical den- 27-31 Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. Fernando, ticle on inner margin; clypeal lobe relatively nar- D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane (USNM). row, 1.3 times as wide as antennal fossa, margin WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 16*, Gampaha subtruncate, lateral angles rounded; lower front Botanic Garden, 14 Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. with contiguous small punctures, median ridge Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane lacking; upper front with a narrow impunctate (USNM). UVA PROVINCE. Badulla District: 26, Ban- strip below anterior ocellus, punctures separated darawela, 7 Apr 1931, G.M. Henry (Colombo); by I to 2 times the width of a puncture except 1(5, Diyatalawa, Jun 1904 (Colombo), SOUTHERN several rows of contiguous punctures along eye PROVINCE. Hambantota District: 1<5, Katagamuwa, margin, no impunctate interspaces as wide as an 7-11 Feb 1936, G.M. Henry (Colombo). A para- ocellus. type has been deposited in the National Museums Pronotal ridge moderately high, margined pos- of Sri Lanka (Colombo). teriorly by short perpendicular carinae, discal Paratypes are 5.2-6.6 mm long. They are quite punctures separated by half to the width of a similar to the holotype in most details, but the puncture, closer laterally, posterior smooth area mid tibia is sometimes infuscated on outer sur- about a third as wide as disk at midline and face, the mandible may have a weak preapical becoming narrower laterally; lateral pronotal sur- denticle, the smooth area below fore ocellus may face without median groove, smooth above, with be lacking, and the margin of the clypeal lobe oblique wrinkles below; tegula glossy, smooth, 1.1 may be slightly emarginate. times as long as broad; mesopleural disk with small punctures separated by half to the width of Subfamily MYZININAE a puncture and with some interspersed minute punctures; hind tibia with a median ridge on This group is represented in Sri Lanka by five inner surface; propodeal areola tricarinate, me- species of Mesa Saussure and two species of Hylo- dian carina complete, enclosed area smooth, basal mesa Krombein. One new species of Mesa and one width 1.6 times apical width and subequal to new species of Hylomesa are known only from Sri length; area laterad of areola mostly smooth with Lanka; a second new Mesa occurs also in South a few discal punctures and a relatively strong India. The remaining four species were all de- sinuous submarginal carina; posterior propodeal scribed earlier, the three species of Mesa occurring surface with a short median carina below, closely in India also, and the one species of Hylomesa punctulate on a narrow median strip, and nar- occurring through India and Southeast Asia to rowly irregularly roughened laterally, the inter- the Philippines. vening area smooth; lateral propodeal surface Mesa was proposed as a genus by Saussure; with oblique rugulae on posterior and upper areas later authors treated it as a subgenus of Plesia or NUMBER 574 71

Elis. Later Krombein (1937) re-elevated Mesa to a listing of the characters in which each differs generic rank. Myzine dimidiata Guerin, M. petiolata from M. karunaratnei. Smith, and M. clanpennis Bingham are all trans- Hosts of the Ceylonese Mesa are unknown but ferred to the genus Mesa for the first time and are are presumed to be larvae of scarabaeid beetles listed as new combinations therein. in the soil, because the legs of the female Mesa Females of the four smaller species of Mesa are strongly modified for fossorial use. Hylomesa (karunaratnei, new species, flavipennis, new species, longiceps (Turner) has been bred in India from the petiolata, and claripennis) are similar in most details larva of a cerambycid beetle dwelling in timber. of coloration, vestiture and sculpture, as are the Presumably the new Hylomesa parasitizes such males of the same species. To conserve space I larvae also, because all specimens were captured have described only M. karunaratnei in detail. De- while flying around dead standing or fallen tree scriptions of the other three species are limited to trunks.

Key to Ceylonese Species of Myzininae

1. Head red, rest of body black, without pale markings; anterior surface of mesopleuron concave; head of female quadrate as viewed from above, mandible with subapical tooth; male hind coxa carinate along inner margin above. Hylomesa Krombein 2 Head entirely black in female, with some yellow or white markings in male; anterior surface of mesopleuron flat; head of female transverse as viewed from above [Figure 6], mandible without subapical tooth; male hind coxa not carinate above along inner margin. Mesa Saussure ... 3 2. Pronotum and first abdominal tergum each with a strong transverse ridge anteriorly in both sexes; larger species, $, 15-25 mm long, 6\ 12-17 mm; front of female mostly contiguously to subcontiguously punctate, vertex with subcontiguous punctures immediately behind ocelli, mostly impunctate posteriorly; inferior margin of hind femur of female ob- tusely angulate toward apex; second to sixth abdominal sterna of male with scattered suberect discal setae; genitalia [Figure 39] 37. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner) Pronotum and first abdominal tergum not ridged anteriorly, except male with ridge on first tergum; smaller species, 9, 13 mm long, <5, 9.7-13 mm; upper half of front of female with widely separated punctures, vertex with very few scattered punctures behind ocelli; inferior margin of hind femur of female right-angled near apex; second to fifth abdom- inal sterna of male with scattered suberect discal setae, sixth with a patch of dense suberect longer hair on posterior two-thirds; genitalia [Figure 40] 38. Hylomesa anomala, new species 3. MALES 4 FEMALES 8 4. Larger, 14-17 mm; apical two-thirds of forewing infumated, basal third clear; abdomen entirely black as is thorax except for testaceous posterior margin of pronotum; genitalia [Figure 10], inner surface of cuspis with a mixture of long, flattened setae and shorter capitate setae 32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin) 72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Smaller, 8-14 mm; wings clear; thorax and abdomen with pale yellow or whitish markings 5 5. Antenna shorter, flagellum somewhat clavate toward apex, terminal segments proportionately shorter and reddish beneath; forecoxa yellow entirely or in part; front and propodeal dorsum coarsely pitted; geni- talia [Figure 11], inner surface of both cuspis and gonostyle with highly modified, flattened setae, gonostyle also with row of very stout thorns at edge of setose portion 35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham) Antenna longer, flagellum slender, terminal segments proportionately longer and not reddened beneath 6 6. Apical half of seventh tergum rounded, pygidial area lacking; forecoxa yellow beneath; front coarsely pitted; genitalia [Figure 14], inner surface of cuspis with comparatively sparse, very slightly flattened setae 33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species Apical half of seventh tergum with a pygidium consisting of a median ridge on either side of which is a narrow, grooved punctate area margined laterally by another ridge; inner surface of cuspis with comparatively denser setae 7 7. Forecoxa yellow; front and propodeal dorsum with separated punctures; genitalia [Figure 13], cuspis on apical third with very long, curled, inwardly directed setae, basal two-thirds with dense, slightly flattened setae 34. Mesa flavipennis, new species Forecoxa black; front and propodeal dorsum coarsely pitted; genitalia [Figure 12], cuspis on apical third without such setae, elsewhere with sparser, strongly flattened setae 36. Mesa petiolata (Smith) 8. Larger, 16-19 mm long; wings very dark; abdominal segments 2-4 red 32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin) Smaller, not over 11 mm long; wings usually yellowish, infuscated only in M. petiolata; abdomen usually entirely black 9 9. Forewing infuscated on apical two-thirds, strongly yellow on basal third, veins light brown on apical two-thirds; punctures on pronotal disk elongate, tending to be confluent in longitudinal rows toward side; apex of clypeal lobe subtruncate, weakly tridentate; posterior surface of propodeum with coarser punctures 36. Mesa petiolata (Smith) Wings weakly to strongly yellowish, veins yellow or amber; pronotal punctures round, separated; posterior surface of propodeum with smaller punctures 10 10. Wings weakly yellowish, veins amber; clypeal lobe with apex broadly rounded; pronotal dorsum rather uniformly punctate, without a nar- row, smooth strip along midline .35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham) Wings strongly yellow as are veins; clypeal lobe subtruncate, very weakly tridentate; pronotal dorsum more sparsely punctate toward midline and with a narrow smooth strip there 11 11. Scutum between parapsidal furrows virtually impunctate; scutellum with very scattered, fine punctures; abdominal terga uniformly dark; narrow NUMBER 1374 73

apical margin of pygidium weakly or not at all shagreened 33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species Scutum between parapsidal furrows with a few scattered punctures; scutellum with comparatively denser, somewhat larger punctures; api- ces of second to fifth abdominal terga usually narrowly reddish; narrow apical margin of pygidium more strongly shagreened 34. Mesa flavipennis, new species

32. Mesa dimidiata (Guerin), new combination Erect vestiture sparse and light red. Figure 10 Apex of median lobe of clypeus evenly rounded, basal two-thirds with a low keel; front Myzine dimidiata Guerin, 1837584, 585 [6; Bombay; type in with coarse contiguous punctures and a shallow Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris)].—Bing- ham, 1897:68, 69.—Dalla Torre, 1897:123.—Maxwell- median groove on lower half; ocelli in a low Lefroy, 1909:193 [records mating of M. dimidiata Guerin triangle, posterior pair margined behind by a row and M. madraspatana Smith]. of deep contiguous punctures; postocellar dis- Methoca |sic] Orientalis Smith, 1855:66 [<5; Northern India; tance 0.67 times ocellocular distance and 0.56 type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Dalla Torre, times ocelloccipital distance; vertexal punctures 1897:3. coarse but more separated than on front. Myzine Madraspatana Smith, 1855:72 [$; Madras; type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Bingham, 1897:65, Pronotal disk with coarse punctures confluent 66.—Dalla Torre, 1897:124. in longitudinal rows, lateral surface with smaller Myzine violaceipennis Cameron, 1897:21, 23 [<3; Poona, Bom- separated punctures anteriorly and longitudinal bay; type in Oxford University Museum]. rugulae posteriorly; center of scutum with a few Plesia (Mesa) madraspatana (Smith).—Turner, 1908a:507, 508 scattered pits, laterally with closer, smaller punc- [synonymizes this and M. violaceipennis Cameron]. tures; scutellar disk with confluent pits; meso- Plesia (Mesa) dimidiata (Guerin).—Turner, 1908a:508 [syn- onymizes this and M. orientalis}. pleural disk with large contiguous pits; dorsal Elis (Mesa) dimidiata (Guerin).—Turner, 1912:715 [synony- surface of propodeum with a narrow cuneate mizes under this M. orientalis Smith, M. madraspatana Smith, depression bearing close transverse rugulae, ad- and M. violaceipennis Cameron; all of India except north- jacent to this finely and closely punctate and west]. smooth closer to sides; lateral surface with close The synonymy noted above was established by oblique rugae; posterior surface with scattered Turner (1908a, 1912) and was confirmed by Max- moderately large punctures except laterally where well-Lefroy (1909), who mentioned that Dutt had they are contiguous. collected a pair in copula. Pygidium closely longitudinally striate except In addition to being the largest Ceylonese Mesa, for narrow shagreened strip on apical eighth. it differs at once from other species in the female MALE.—Length 14-17 mm, forewing 8-11 having the abdomen red on basal segments in- mm. Black, the following cream: basal two-thirds stead of being entirely black and in the male of mandible, transverse bar on clypeal lobe, apex having most of the forewing dark, the abdomen of antennal tubercles, base of tegula, and upper black without yellow bands, and the pronotal surface of foretibia and tarsus; posterior margin disk margined anteriorly by a strong ridge. It is of pronotum testaceous. Apical two-thirds of fore- rather rare in Sri Lanka and appears to be re- wing and apical third of hind wing strongly stricted to Dry Zone areas below 2000 feet. infumated. Erect vestiture whitish to cinereous, FEMALE.—Length 16-19 mm, forewing 12-13 short on abdomen, longer on head and thorax. mm. Black, apex of first abdominal segment and Median lobe of clypeus gently emarginate at all of second through fourth segments red. Wings apex, lateral tooth small, rounded; front coarsely, strongly infumated except base of hind wing. contiguously punctate; ocelli in a low triangle, 74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY posterior pair margined behind by a row of shal- UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 19, 16*, low punctures, postocellar distance subequal to Okkampitiya, 1 —10 Dec, Karunaratne (Ottawa). ocellocular distance and 0.62 times ocelloccipital SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Hambantota District: 1$, Su- distance; vertex with small punctures separated riyawewa Road, Sep (Colombo). by at least the diameter of a puncture. MISCELLANEOUS. 19, 16*, no locality labels (Col- Pronotal disk margined anteriorly by a trans- ombo). verse ridge, behind this with moderate, subcon- 33. Mesa karunaratnei, new species tiguous punctures, laterally with longitudinal ru- gae on lower half which extend upward on ante- FIGURE 14 rior part, remainder of surface with scattered The male of this species is unique among Cey- small punctures; scutum mostly with scattered lonese Myzininae in that the seventh tergum does punctures a bit larger than on pronotal disk; not have a flattened pygidial area but has the scutellar disk with coarser contiguous to subcon- dorsum slightly convex. The female has the fore- tiguous punctures; mesopleural disk with contig- wing and veins strongly yellow as does M. flavi- uous punctures of same size as scutellar disk; pennis, new species. It is distinguished from that dorsal surface of propodeum with contiguous species by the sparse punctation of the front and smaller punctures except for a smooth area on virtually impunctate scutum. each side behind spiracle; lateral surface with a The majority of the type series was captured in narrow area of contiguous punctures above, else- the garden of the Colombo Museum by P.B. where with oblique rugae; posterior surface with Karunaratne, former curator in entomology, be- contiguous smaller punctures than on dorsal sur- tween 7:30 and 9:00 A.M. Females were crawling face. on the ground, and the males were flying low over the ground searching for females. Three Petiole of first abdominal segment stout, short, males were collected while attempting to mate only a third as long as the enlarged posterior with newly emerged females on the ground. Two section; pygidial area of seventh tergum flat, other males attempted to mate on the ground ovoid, central ridge higher than lateral carinae, with a newly emerged female and male of Tiphia surface between these with a row of punctures, hirsuta Smith. apex truncate; genitalia (Figure 10). ETYMOLOGY.—I am pleased to name the species SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. for P.B. Karunaratne, collector of most of the Vavuniya District: 1$, Mankulam, Dec, Wickwar specimens and my companion during many col- (Colombo); 19, Nedunkerni, Nov, Wickwar (Col- lecting trips in his country. ombo); 16*, Mamadu, Apr (Colombo). Mannar HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Western Province, District: 16", 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte, Wilpattu Natl. Colombo District, Museum Gardens, Colombo, Park, 15-16 Feb, in Malaise trap, Krombein et 50 ft, 2 Jul 1977, P.B. Karunaratne (USNM Type al. (USNM); 1$, Kondachchi, Ma Villu, 11-12 100281). Apr, Krombein et al. (USNM). FEMALE.—Length 10.5 mm, forewing 6.2 mm. NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District: Black, mandible except tip and tegula dark red. 19, 16*, Horawupotana, 8 and 14 Oct, Henry Forewing membrane and veins strongly yellow, (Colombo); 16*, Pannika Wila, Wilpattu Natl. hind wing clear with testaceous veins. Erect ves- Park, in Malaise trap, 1 Nov, Krombein et al. titure glittering white, slightly tinged with yellow- (USNM); 16*, Hunuwilagama near Wilpattu, 200 ish on head. ft, in Malaise trap, 28 Oct-3 Nov, Hevel et al. Apex of clypeal lobe subtruncate, very weakly (USNM). Polonnaruwa District: 16", Pimburettawa, tridentate, angled along midline at base, but not 13 mi S of Mannampitiya, 1850 ft, 9-12 Nov, keeled; lower half of front with weak median Flint (USNM); 1$, Habarana, Oct (Colombo). groove and moderate-sized punctures separated NUMBER 1574 75 by distances varying from half to the full diameter femur, fore and mid tibiae externally, basal two- of a puncture, upper half of front smooth except thirds of hind tibia, and all tarsi except apical for a few subcontiguous punctures adjacent to segment. Wings clear, veins medium brown, eye; ocelli in a low triangle, ocellocular distance stigma darker. Erect vestiture silvery, relatively 0.9 times postocellar distance and 0.8 times ocel- dense but not long on head and thorax, shorter loccipital distance, hind ocelli not margined by a and sparser on abdominal dorsum; abdominal posterior groove or row of punctures; vertex with sternum with suberect short, relatively sparse se- punctures separated by 1 or more times the di- tae. ameter of a puncture. Median lobe of clypeus gently emarginate at Pronotal disk with punctures a bit larger than apex, lateral teeth small, rounded, and separated on front, median fourth with very scattered punc- from each other by the diameter of first flagellar tures, laterally the punctures separated by about segment; front contiguously and finely pitted ex- half the diameter of a puncture; sides of prono- cept for small smooth area in front of fore ocellus; tum mostly closely, obliquely rugulose, closely ocelli in a low triangle, postocellar distance 1.1 punctate only on a narrow strip adjacent to dor- times the ocellocular distance and 0.8 times the sum; scutum virtually impunctate, with only a ocelloccipital distance, hind ocelli not margined very few scattered small punctures; scutellum by a punctate groove; vertex with punctures be- with small punctures separated by twice or more hind ocelli separated by about the diameter of a the diameter of a puncture; mesopleural disk with puncture and by about half the diameter of a punctures about same size as on pronotum, some puncture laterally; flagellum long and filiform, subcontiguous but many separated by half the segments not noticeably widened toward apex. diameter of a puncture; dorsal surface of propo- Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, surface deum with a narrow shallow median groove with small punctures which are contiguous ante- which is slightly wider anteriorly than posteriorly, riorly and separated by about half the diameter adjacent to this with fine close shallow punctures; of a puncture on posterior half; lateral surface lateral surface with close, slightly oblique rugu- with subcontiguous small punctures and very lae; posterior surface with irregularly placed, short rugae posteriorly adjacent to smooth pos- somewhat larger punctures than dorsum. terior margin; scutum and scutellar disk with Narrow apical margin of pygidium smooth, small punctures separated by about half the di- not shagreened. ameter of a puncture; mesopleural disk with ALLOTYPE.—<5, same label data as holotype coarser, deeper, subcontiguous punctures except (USNM). This male was attempting to mate with posteriorly where they are fine, close, and shallow; the holotype; both specimens bear code number propodeum with small contiguous punctures. 7277 D. Petiole of first abdominal segment half as long MALE.—Length 12.3 mm, forewing 7.2 mm. as nodose section of first tergum, the latter with Black, abdomen with faint blue reflections, the small punctures mostly separated by about the following lemon yellow: palpi, mandible except diameter of a puncture; second to fifth terga with apex, clypeus, frontal tubercles, band on posterior smaller punctures separated by 2 or more times half (middle) to third (side) of dorsal surface of the diameter of a puncture; sixth tergum with pronotum and anterior angle of lateral surface, some interspersed larger punctures; seventh ter- tegula, apex of mesosternum, narrow bands at gum with dorsum evenly convex, without ridges apices of first to sixth abdominal terga, anterior or grooves, apex narrowly emarginate; genitalia margins of second to sixth bi-emarginate, tiny of paratype (Figure 14). posterolateral spots on second to fifth sterna, fore PARATYPES.—8$, 7c5, same label data as holo- and mid coxae beneath, apical half of forefemur, type (USNM); 2(5, Colombo, 30 Sep 1924, at apical third of mid femur, apical sixth of hind light, and 5 Oct 1938, G.M. Henry (Colombo): 76 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

16, Colombo, 6 Sep 1966, P.B. Karunaratne (Ot- HOLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Southern Province, tawa), NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District: Hambantota District, Palatupana, 3-6 Feb 1975, 26, Deduru Oya, 5 Mar 1958, R.L.A. Perera K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, (Lawrence), MISCELLANEOUS. 16*, Ceylon, Nietner E.G. Dabrera (USNM Type 100282). (Berlin). Paratypes of both sexes have been de- FEMALE.—Length 9.4 mm, forewing 5.5 mm. posited in the National Museums of Sri Lanka Black, mandible except apex, tegula, apices of (Colombo) and British Museum (Natural His- tarsal segments and narrow apical bands on sec- tory). Male paratypes are in the Zoologisches ond to fifth abdominal segments dark red. Fore- Museum (Berlin), University of Kansas, and Ca- wing membrane and veins strongly yellow, hind nadian National Collection. wing clear with testaceous veins. Erect vestiture Female paratypes are 10.0-10.6 mm long and glittering white. differ very little from the holotype; some speci- Other details as noted for M. karunaratnei except mens have the narrow apical rim of the pygidium as follows. delicately shagreened. Male paratypes are 9.6- Frontal groove not well developed, its location 13.0 mm long and agree with the allotype in all marked by a row of subcontiguous punctures, important details. The yellow spots on abdominal upper half of front with punctures medially and sterna are smaller in a few specimens and entirely laterally so that there are only 2 relatively small lacking in one male which also has narrow bands smooth areas; postocellar distance 0.8 times ocel- on the terga. locular distance and 0.7 times ocelloccipital dis- tance; vertex laterally with some punctures sep- 34. Mesa flavipennis, new species arated by half the diameter of a puncture. Pronotal disk with only a narrow median im- FIGURE 13 punctate strip; scutum more closely but very sparsely punctate; scutellum with many of punc- The females of M. flavipennis and M. karunarat- tures separated by not much more than the di- nei, new species, are unique among the Ceylonese ameter of a puncture. species in having the forewing strongly yellowish and with yellow veins. The female of M. flavipennis Narrow apical margin of pygidium strongly differs from M. karunaratnei in being compara- shagreened. tively more densely punctate especially on upper ALLOTYPE.—6, same label data as holotype front, scutum, and scutellum and in having the (USNM). apices of the second to fourth or fifth abdominal MALE.—Length 11.5 mm, forewing 6.2 mm. terga narrowly reddened. The males of M. flavi- Coloration, vestiture, and other details as noted pennis, M. karunaratnei, and M. petiolata (Smith) for M. karunaratnei except as follows. have long, filiform antennal flagella; M. flavipennis Erect vestiture on abdominal dorsum denser. is readily distinguished from the latter two species Front with subcontiguous punctures; postocel- by having the front with separated punctures lar distance 0.9 times ocelloccipital distance; most instead of being contiguously pitted. punctures on vertex separated by half the diam- The type series was captured in several Dry eter of a puncture. Zone localities at altitudes not over 500 ft and on Petiole of first abdominal segment 0.6 times as both the east and west coasts. Several males have long as nodose posterior section of first tergum; been collected also in South India. second to fifth terga with smaller punctures ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from the mostly separated by about the diameter of a Latin flavus (yellow) plus penna (feather), in allu- puncture; pygidial area of seventh tergum flat- sion to the strongly yellowish forewings of the tened, ovoid, central ridge higher than lateral female. carinae, surface between these with a row of NUMBER 374 77 punctures, apex not emarginate; genitalia of par- 35. Mesa claripennis (Bingham), new atype (Figure 13). combination

PARATYPES.—69, 8(5, same label data as holo- FIGURES 5, 6, 11 type (USNM); 4$, same label data as holotype but 10-12 Aug 1972, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka- Myzine claripennis Bingham, 1897:68 [$; Burma, Tenasserim; type in British Museum (Natural History)].—Nurse, runaratne (USNM); 1$, same label data as holo- 1902:82 [?, differentiated from M. hortata Nurse in key]. type but 28 Sep 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Myzine hortata Nurse, 1902:81, fig. 6 [$; Deesa; location of Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera type unknown but probably unlabeled as type in British (USNM); 46, Palatupana tank, 15 m, 29 Mar-2 Museum (Natural History)]. Plesia (Mesa) hortata (Nurse).—Turner, 1908a:512 [$; Deesa Apr 1981, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, T. and Pusa, Bengal]. Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge (USNM); 1$, Palatu- Elis (Mesa) claripennis (Bingham).—Turner, 1912:718 [9, (5; pana tank, 15-50 ft, 18-20 Jan 1979, K.V. Krom- Burma, Ceylon, Bengal, Deesa; synonymizes this and M. bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwar- hortata Nurse and describes <$]. dane, T. Gunawardane (USNM). UVA PROVINCE. I have examined Bingham's type of M. claripen- Monaragala District: \6, Inginiyagala, 30 Aug 1953, nis and find that it agrees in all essential details F. Keiser (Basel), EASTERN PROVINCE. Batticaloa with the Ceylonese population described below. District: 5c?, Maduru Oya, Punani, 500 ft, 9-14 The Nurse collection is in the British Museum Jun 1969, P.B. Karunaratne (Ottawa), NORTHERN (Natural History), but there is no specimen bear- PROVINCE. Mannar District: 26, 0.5 mi NE of Kok- ing a label "A/, hortata." Nurse's description agrees motte Bungalow, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25 with M. claripennis, and I accept Turner's synon- May 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karu- ymy of M. hortata under M. claripennis. M.C. Day naratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM). SOUTH IN- believes that Nurse may have removed the label DIA. Kurumbagaram: 36*, Karikal Terr., Dec 1952, from his type when Turner made the synonymy P.S. Nathan (Corvallis). Tranquebar: 26, Dec 1952, in 1912 and that an unidentified specimen from P.S. Nathan (Corvallis). Paratypes of both sexes Deesa, 9-01, may be the actual type. I have a female of M. claripennis in my collection from have been deposited in the National Museums of Deesa, 11-01, sent to me in exchange many years Sri Lanka (Colombo) and British Museum (Nat- ago by R.E. Turner. Turner sent it and two males ural History), and male paratypes are in the also from Deesa identified as M. petiolata (Smith), Canadian National Collection, the Natural His- but both sexes agree with his (1912) key charac- tory Museum in Basel, and the Oregon State ters for M. claripennis. The two males belong to University Collection, Corvallis. two species, and neither agrees in genitalia with Female paratypes are 7.8-10.4 mm long and either M. claripennis or M. petiolata. One male of are very similar in most details to the holotype M. claripennis in the National Museums of Sri except that three have only a narrow polished Lanka (Colombo) was identified by Turner as M. streak rather than a median groove on dorsum of petiolata, and another was identified by him as the probable male of M. ceylonica. propodeum, and four lack the narrow reddened Mesa claripennis is almost as widely distributed apices on the abdominal segments. Male para- in Sri Lanka as M. petiolata. Like that species it types are 8.0-12.3 mm long and agree in all occurs from sea level to at least 2100 ft and in important details with the allotype. The pale both Wet and Dry Zone areas, although it is markings on five specimens are ivory rather than much more abundant in the Dry Zone. It also is yellow, and the smallest specimen from near Kok- widely distributed in the rest of the Indian sub- motte Bungalow is more sparsely punctate, no- continent (I have seen specimens from Coimba- ticeably so on the head. tore and Kodaikanal in South India as well as 78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY from Deesa), and it has been recorded from Pusa hind tibia black. Suberect vestiture on abdomen in Bengal, Burma, and Tenasserim. Dates of col- relatively denser. lection in Colombo suggest that the species may Median lobe of clypeus more shallowly emar- breed throughout the year. ginate, lateral angles broadly rounded not den- Mesa claripennis is unique among Ceylonese tate; postocellar distance 0.6 times the ocellocular males in that the antennal flagellum is reddish and postocellar distances; hind ocelli occasionally beneath, relatively shorter, and with the segments margined behind by a very shallow punctate toward apex becoming gradually broader so that groove; punctures on vertex separated by half the the flagellum has a slightly clavate appearance. diameter of a puncture; flagellum shorter, seg- The female is the only species with the wings ments on apical half becoming slightly wider weakly yellowish and with the median lobe of the toward apex so that flagellum appears somewhat clypeal margin broadly rounded instead of being clavate. subtruncate and weakly tridentate. Lateral surface of pronotum with close, small FEMALE (Figure 6).—Length 8-10.5 mm, fore- punctures, rugae lacking except where punctures wing 6.2-7.0 mm. Black, mandible except base tend to be contiguous in short rows; propodeal and apex and tegula at apex reddish, apices of dorsum closely pitted. tarsal segments brownish. Forewing membrane Petiole of first abdominal segment 0.6 times as slightly yellowish, hind wing clear, veins amber. long as nodose section of first tergum; most small Erect vestiture glittering white, slightly tinged punctures of second to fifth terga separated by with yellowish on head. about 1.5 times the diameter of a puncture; py- gidial area of seventh tergum flattened, ovoid, Other details as noted for M. karunaratnei, new median ridge higher and broader than lateral species, except as follows. ridges, surface between them with a row of punc- Apex of clypeal lobe gently rounded; upper tures, apex slightly emarginate; genitalia (Fig- half of front with most punctures separated by ure 11). once to twice the diameter of a puncture; posto- SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. cellar distance 0.6 times ocellocular distance and Mannar district: 7$, 26*, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte bun- 0.5 times ocelloccipital distance; hind ocelli mar- galow, Wilpattu Natl. Pk., 49 in Malaise trap, gined behind by a row of punctures but not 15-16 Feb, 21-25 May, Krombein et al. grooved; punctures on vertex separated by the (USNM); 36, Ma Villu, Cashew Corp. bung. 17- diameter of a puncture or less. 21 Feb, Krombein et al. (USNM); 4?, 46\ Sila- Pronotal disk with punctures as small as on vathurai, Kondachchi, 23-27 Jan, 4$, 16* in Ma- front, separated by about half or more the di- laise trap, Karunaratne et al. (USNM); 1$, Mar- ameter of a puncture; side of pronotum on lower ichchukkadi, 26 Jan, Karunaratne et al. half obliquely striate or the striae evanescent; (USNM); 1?, Olaithoduvai, 10 mi NW Mannar, scutum with a few more scattered punctures. 0-50 ft, 4-5 Nov, Hevel et al. (USNM). MALE (Figure 5).—Length 7.5-12.0 mm, fore- NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District: wing 5.1-6.7 mm. Coloration, vestiture, and other 1$, Ritigala Natural Reserve, dry meadow, 8 mi details as in M. karunaratnei except as follows. NW Habarana, 8 Feb, Brinck et al. (Lund). Color occasionally creamy; flagellum light red EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee District: 46*, Trin- beneath except basal segment or two; clypeus comalee, China Bay Ridge bung., 0-100 ft, 1 in with a pair of small, transverse subbasal spots, Malaise trap, 13-17 May, 8-11 Oct, Krombein bands on abdominal terga narrower, spots on et al. (USNM); 16", Paraiyalankulam, 15 May, sterna sometimes lacking, forecoxa occasionally Krombein et al. (USNM). Batticaloa District: 26, black at base or entirely black, mid and hind Maduru Oya, Punani, 500 ft, 9-14 Jun, Karu- femur occasionally all black, and apical half of naratne (Ottawa). NUMBER 574 79

CENTRAL PROVINCE. Mdtdle District: 1$, Dam- Elis (Mesa) petiolata (Smith).—Turner: 1912:717, 718 [?, 6; bulla, 24 Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM). Kandy Bengal, Bombay, Ceylon]. District: 3$, 256*, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu- Smith's syntype series in Oxford University ary, 2100 ft, 9-13 Feb, 16-31 Aug, 1-17 Sep, 1(5 consists of two males, each bearing a hand-written in Malaise trap, Karunaratne, Krombein et al. label "Ind." The genitalia are identical with spec- (USNM); 2c5, Peradeniya, 1700 ft, 13 Oct, Flint imens from Sri Lanka and South India except et al. (USNM). that the dorsal edge of the cuspis is a bit more NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Puttalam District: 1$, strongly curved. The punctation of front and Kali Villu, Wilpattu Natl. Pk., 12-14 Jun, Mes- dorsum of propodeum, conformation of antenna, sersmith et al. (USNM). and coloration of forecoxa are similar except that WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 16$, 976*, one syntype has the apex of forecoxa with a tiny Colombo (includes Colpetty, Museum Garden), yellow spot. One syntype has a larger creamy 4, 15, 28-31 Jan, 8-14, 20 Feb, 6 Mar, 11, 23, 24- area on forefemur than any other specimens; the 28 Apr, May, 17 Jun, 7 Jul, 25 Aug, Sep, 4, 10- other syntype has an apical band on the second 20, 29-30 Oct, 29 Nov, Gunawardane, Halstead, tergum divided into three spots, and that on the Henry, Karunaratne, Krombein et al., Perera, sixth tergum is absent on the sides. I have selected Siriwardane, Wickwar, Wijesinhe (USNM, Col- as the lectotype the larger specimen (11 mm) with ombo, Lawrence, London, San Francisco); 26*, greater extent of creamy markings. Its genitalia Gampaha Botanic Garden, 14 Jan, 27 Sep, Krom- were split to facilitate examination of the internal bein et al. (USNM); 1°., Ratmalana, near airport, surface. 50 ft, 6 Jun, Krombein et al. (USNM); 26*, Ko- I have examined the type of M. ceylonica Cam- huwala, 4 Oct, Karunaratne (Ottawa). eron and, based on Ceylonese material, I agree SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Ratnapum District: 1$, with Turner's association of sexes in this species. Uggalkaltota, Irrigation bung., 350 ft, 31 Jan-8 Both sexes of M. petioldta are easily distin- Feb, Davis et al. (USNM). guished from the other Ceylonese species of Mesa. SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Mdtdrd District: 1$, Weli- The dark wings of the female separate it from all gama, Dec (Colombo). Hdmbantota District: 18$, but the larger M. dimidiata (Guerin), which differs 116*, Palatupana (includes tank and dunes near in having several of the abdominal segments red; W.L.N.P.S. bung.), sea level to 50 ft, 18-21 Jan, also the punctures on dorsal surface of pronotum 3-6 Feb, 8-10 Mar, 29 Mar-2 Apr, 22-25 Nov, and posterior surface of propodeum are coarser 36* in Malaise trap, Flint et al., Krombein et al. and closer in M. petiolata. The males of M. petwldtd (USNM). and M. dimididtd are the only Ceylonese Mesd with MISCELLANEOUS. 66*, Ceylon, Nietner (Berlin). black forecoxae; the larger size, infumated wings, and black abdomen readily separate the latter 36. Mesa petiolata (Smith), new combination from the former species. Mesd petioldta is widely distributed in Sri Lanka FIGURE 12 from sea level to at least 2100 ft and in both Dry and Wet Zone areas, although it is much more Myzine petiolata Smith, 1855:72 [<5; India; two syntypes in Oxford University Museum).—Bingham, 1897:70 [Bar- common in the Dry Zone. It occurs also in India. rackpore, Bengal].—Dalla Torre, 1897:125. I have seen specimens from Karikal in Pondichery Myzine ceylomca Cameron, 1900:18, 19 |9; Trincomalee, Cey- State, and Walayar Forests in Kerala State and lon; type in British Museum (Natural History)]. Coimbatore, and it has been recorded from Pusa, Plena (Mesa) petiolata (Smith).—Turner, 1908a:512 [synon- Bombay, and Barrackpore. Dates of collection in ymizes this and M. ceylomca based on pair taken in copula at Pusa, Bengal]. Colombo suggest that the species may breed Plesia petiolata (Smith).—Turner, 1911:152 [$,

6.5 mm. Black, mandible except apex and tegula both ocellocular and ocelloccipital distances, hind dark red. Forewing strongly yellow and with yel- ocelli margined behind by a shallow depression; low veins on basal third, apical two-thirds punctures on vertex separated by half the diam- strongly infuscated and with brown veins, hind eter of a puncture. wing clear on basal half, slightly infumated on Propodeal dorsum finely, irregularly and apical half. Erect vestiture glittering white, closely rugulose-reticulate, lateral and posterior slightly tinged with yellow on head. surfaces more delicately so. Other details as noted for M. karunaratnei, new Petiole of first abdominal segment 0.4 times as species, except as follows. long as nodose section of first tergum; second to Median third of upper half of front smooth, fifth terga with small punctures separated by the third adjacent to eye subcontiguously punc- about the diameter of a puncture; pygidial area tate; postocellar distance 0.8 times the ocellocular of seventh tergum flattened, ovoid, central ridge distance and 0.6 times the ocelloccipital distance; higher than lateral carinae, surface between these vertexal punctation denser, some punctures sep- with a row of punctures, apex not emarginate; arated by half the diameter of a puncture, others genitalia (Figure 12). more separated. SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. Pronotal disk with punctures somewhat larger Vavuniya District: 36\ Parayanalankulam, irriga- and tending to be confluent in longitudinal rows, tion canal, 25 mi NW Medawachchiya, 100 ft, the central rows separated by about the diameter 20-25 Mar, Davis et al. (USNM). Mannar District: of a puncture, rows on sides by half the diameter 46*, 0.5 mi NE Kokmotte bung., Wilpattu Natl. of a puncture; scutum smooth anteriorly in mid- Pk., 22-23 Jan, 21-25 May, 5-8 Oct, 16* in Ma- dle, laterally and posteriorly with a few punctures laise trap, Krombein et al. (USNM). separated by about the diameter of a puncture; NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. Anuradhapura District: scutellum with punctures in middle separated by 16*, Anuradhapura, 29-30 Apr, Perera (Law- the diameter of a puncture, laterally by half the rence); 19, Maradan Maduwa, Wilpattu Natl. diameter of a puncture; mesopleural disk with Pk., 23 mi W Anuradhapura, 2 Feb, Brinck et al. punctures separated by half the diameter of a (Lund); 16\ Padaviya, Irrigation bung., 180 ft, 27 puncture. Feb-9 Mar, Davis et al. (USNM); 1°-, Kekirawa, Narrow apical margin of pygidium shagreened. 26 Jan, Henry (Colombo); 386*, Hunuwilagama, MALE (Figure 12).—Length 10.0-14.0 mm, near Wilpattu Natl. Pk., 200 ft, in Malaise trap, forewing 6.0-8.0 mm. Coloration, vestiture, and 28 Oct-3 Nov, Hevel et al. (USNM). other details as noted for M. karunaratnei except as EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee District: 16*, Trin- follows. comalee, China Bay Ridge bung., 0-30 m, 8-11 Pale markings creamy, base of clypeus black, Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM); 1?, Kanniyai, 15 lateral surface of pronotum not spotted, bands on m, 10 Oct, Krombein et al. (USNM). Batticaloa abdominal terga narrower, that on first some- District: 26*, Maduru Oya, Punani, 500 ft, 9-14 times separated on midline, that on sixth occa- Jun, Karunaratne (Ottawa); 16*, Pullumalai, 11 sionally separated into 3 spots, some spots on Mar (Colombo). sterna occasionally lacking, coxae all black as is CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 26, Kandy hind femur, fore and mid femora pale at extreme (includes Peak View Motel, Udawattakele Sanc- apex, and only basal third of hind tibia pale. tuary), 1800-2100 ft, 15-24 Jan, 16-31 Aug, Erect vestiture on abdominal dorsum denser. Davis et al., Karunaratne (USNM). Apical emargination of clypeal lobe a bit NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. Kurunegala District: deeper, the teeth more prominent, separated from 29, 16*, Kurunegala (includes near Elephant each other by 0.8 times the diameter of first Rock, Badegamuwa Jungle), 27 Jan, 20 Sep, flagellar segment; postocellar distance 0.8 times Krombein et al. (USNM). NUMBER 374 81

WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 4$, 41(5, Assam; type in British Museum].— Rohwer, 1921:90 [$, Colombo (includes Colpetty, Museum Garden), 6; Philippines]. 30 Mar, 3 Apr, 15 May, 30 Jun, 2 and 3 Jul, 11 Mesa tricolor longiceps (Turner).—Guiglia, 1965:315 [$, Cey- lon].—Baltazar, 1966:207 [Philippines]. Aug, 10-20 Oct, 2, 6, 26 Nov, Halstead, Henry, Hylomesa longiceps (Turner).—Krombein, 1968:12-15, fig. 1, Karunaratne, Perera (USNM, Colombo, Law- pi. 1: fig. 1 [$, 6; Ceylon, India, Assam, Burma, Malaysia, rence, London, San Francisco); 19, Gampaha Philippines]. Botanic Garden, 8 Nov, Krombein et al. (USNM); 1$, 2c5, Ratmalana, near airport, 50 ft, This handsome species is readily distinguished 6 Jun, Krombein et al. (USNM); 2$, 26\ Labu- from its only Ceylonese congener, H. anomala, new gama Reservoir, 11 Jul, Krombein et al. species, by the characters listed in the foregoing (USNM); 2(5, Kalatuwawa, in Malaise trap, 10- key. All species of the genus are collected rather 12 Aug, Huang et al. (USNM); 1(5, Laxapathiya, uncommonly, and I suspect that this is due to 15 mi S Colombo, 15-30 Jan, Perera (Lawrence). their being primarily arboreal creatures. Presum- SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Rattiapura District: 69, ably they prefer to parasitize beetle prey in dead 9c5, Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, 8c5 in Malaise standing timber rather than in wood on the trap, 5-7 Feb, 7-8 Mar, 16-19 Apr, 19-22 Jun, ground. Krombein et al. (USNM); 1$, Panamure, 500 ft, Hylomesa longiceps is noteworthy in that it is the 15-21 Oct, Flint et al. (USNM); 19, Uggalkal- most widely distributed species of the genus with tota, Irrigation bung., 350 ft, 31 Jan-8 Feb, Davis records of capture in Sri Lanka, India, Assam, et al. (USNM); Ic5, Belihuloya Rest House, 9 Burma, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Within Apr, in Malaise trap, Hubbard et al. (USNM). Sri Lanka it occurs both in the Dry Zone forests UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 1(5, Ingini- and in areas of moderate rainfall. yagala, 1 Nov, Keiser (Basel); 1$, Mau Aru, 10 It is also the only Hylomesa for which we have mi E Uda Walawe, 24-26 Sep, in Malaise trap, any information on host preferences. Turner Krombein et al. (USNM); 19, 16*, Angunakola- (1912) stated that T.R. Bell "informed me that pelessa, 27-28 Mar, 30 Sep-1 Oct, 1$ in Malaise he bred this species from the larva of a longicorn trap, Krombein et al. (USNM). beetle." This statement is at variance with the SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle District: 16*, Hini- label data on the only female H. longiceps bearing duma, 20-28 Feb, Perera (Lawrence). Hambantota a Bell label: "in dead wood with longicorn larvae District: 16*, Ranna, 16 Jul, Henry (Colombo); 19, 14-1-07." 36*, Palatupana (includes tank and W.L.N.P.S. FEMALE.—Length 15-23, forewing 10-16 mm. bung.), 36" in Malaise trap, 18-20 Jan, 3 Feb, Black, head except apex of mandible and hypos- Krombein et al. (USNM). tomal area and occasionally the ocellar triangle, MISCELLANEOUS. 19, Ceylon, Nietner (Berlin). varying from light to dark red; scape, pedicel, and from 1 to 4 of basal flagellar segments also red; abdomen occasionally with metallic blue 37. Hylomesa longiceps (Turner) reflections; forewing entirely infumated or with basal area lighter in some specimens, the FIGURE 39 darkened area with violaceous reflections. Plesm tricolor (Smith).—Magretti, 1892:258, 259 [in part, Head elongate, from above with length (apex misidentified 6 from Burma].—Turner, 1908a:408 [misi- of antennal insertions to occiput) subequal (0.94- dentified 9 from Assam]. 1.0) to width across eyes; in larger specimens the Myzine tricolor (Smith).—Bingham 1897:66 [misidentified $ sides of head are somewhat rounded out behind from Assam]. eyes so that eyes are not so protuberant as in Elis (Mesa) tricolor (Smith).—Turner, 1912:720 [in part, misidentified 9 from Assam and W India]. smaller specimens; clypeal keel weak, present only Elis (Mesa) tricolor longiceps Turner, 1918:87 [$, Dibrughur, on basal half or two-thirds, clypeal margin with 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY median teeth weak, slightly separated; median Pronotal disk anteriorly with a strong ridge, frontal sulcus extending halfway to anterior ocel- behind that with weak to strong punctures, some- lus; front with punctures moderate in size and times rather scattered, sometimes arranged al- contiguous or almost so; vertex with more scat- most contiguously in a few transverse rows; scu- tered punctures on anterior third and almost tum and scutellum with coarse, shallow, contig- impunctate on posterior two-thirds; ocellocular uous to subcontiguous pits; mesopleural disk with distance 2.17-2.43 times the postocellar distance very coarse, contiguous to scattered pits; meta- and 0.42-0.44 times the ocelloccipital distance; pleuron usually without ridges above but occa- anterior ocellus closer to apices of antennal tu- sionally with a few weak ridges; propodeal dor- bercles than to occiput; head beneath with sum irregularly rugulose, the narrow median rounded posterolateral angles; distance between channel with a few transverse rugae, the posterior occipital and hypostomal carinae subequal to margin strongly ridged; lateral surface with a few length of hypostomal area. strong rugae anteriorly, the rest of surface with Anterior margin of pronotal disk strongly coarse contiguous pits or irregularly rugulose; ridged, anterior half with coarse, confluent to posterior surface varying from contiguously pitted subconfluent punctures arranged in longitudinal to irregularly rugulose. rows; scutum with subconfluent, coarse punctures First tergum with strong transverse ridge an- except posteriorly somewhat more crowded; scu- teriorly, the disk with scattered large punctures; tellum with punctures separated by half or more sterna 3-5 with short, erect, relatively dense ves- the diameter of a puncture but more crowded titure, but not velvety on sterna 5 and 6; genitalia posteriorly; inferior margin of hind femur ob- (Figure 39) with gonostyle and cuspis broad, tusely angulate near apex; apex of hind tibia on inner surface of each densely setose, digitus also inner surface without heavy, flattened, short se- broad and densely setose. tae; punctures small on areas adjacent to cuneate SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—NORTHERN PROVINCE. space on propodeum, the disk posteriorly and Vavuniya District: 16*, Mamadu, Apr (Colombo). laterally with larger, subconfluent pits; posterior EASTERN PROVINCE. Amparai District: 1$, Ekgal surface of propodeum with mostly confluent or Aru Reservoir Jungle, 100 m, 11 Mar, Wijesinhe subconfluent pits. (USNM). Disk of first tergum strongly ridged anteriorly; CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 1$, Kandy, last tergum shagreened on apical fourth. 20 Nov, Keiser (Basel). MALE.—Length 12-17 mm, forewing 7-12 UVA PROVINCE. Monaragala District: 16\ Ingini- mm. Color as in female except that venter of yagala, 31 Aug, Keiser (Basel). head occasionally is all black and as many as 6 MISCELLANEOUS. 1$, 16", no label (Colombo); flagellar segments may be red. 16\ Ceylon, Nietner (Berlin); 1$, Ceylon (Buda- Clypeal keel strong, present on basal two-thirds pest) . or three-fourths; median lobe of clypeus with a shallow emargination separating the 2 well-de- veloped teeth; distance from apex of frontal plat- 38. Hylomesa anomala, new species form to occiput 0.85-0.87 times the width across FIGURE 40 eyes; front with mostly contiguous to subcontig- uous pits; vertex with smaller, more scattered This small species shares with H. ugandensis punctures; ocellocular distance 1.9-2.8 times the (Turner) the distinction of having the only fe- postocellar distance and 0.59-0.71 times the ocel- males of the genus in which both the dorsum of loccipital distance; occipital carina weak or eva- the pronotum and of the first abdominal tergum nescent dorsally; median flagellar segments lack a transverse anterior ridge. It differs from H. 1.4-1.5 times as long as wide. ugandensis in having the posterior fourth of the NUMBER 374 8:5 sixth tergum shagreened rather than polished, in mesopleuron with coarse to larger subcontiguous having the mesopleural disk strongly produced in pits; metapleuron with coarse, relatively close middle, and in having the anterior half of dorsal longitudinal ridges; propodeal dorsum with a surface of pronotum coarsely and contiguously narrow depressed median channel laterad of punctate in longitudinal rows. which are irregular pits, apex with strong trans- The male of H. anomala lacks an anterior ridge verse ridge; lateral surface anteriorly with ridges on the pronotum but has a well-developed trans- continuing from metapleuron, posteriorly with verse ridge at base of disk of first abdominal subcontiguous pits; posterior propodeal surface tergum. It shares with H. dimidiaticornis (Bingham) with smaller, closer pits. the distinction of being the only Hylomesa male First tergum with strong transverse ridge an- with specialized dense vestiture on any of the teriorly, behind this the disk with scattered large abdominal sterna. This is present on the fifth and to small punctures; sterna 3-5 with scattered sixth sterna in H. dimidiaticornis but on only the small punctures which are more concentrated sixth in //. anomala. anteriorly and bearing short suberect hair; ster- The three males were captured while flying num 6 with a patch of dense longer suberect setae around a standing dead trunk in a wooded ravine on posterior two-thirds extending almost to sides; through which a small stream flowed. The single genitalia (Figure 40) with gonostyle more slender, female was taken while flying around a fallen most of inner surface bare except for a row of dead trunk in a similar area about a kilometer close long setae near dorsal edge, cuspis narrower away. and densely setose on inner surface, digitus ex- HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Kandy District, tremely slender and with very few setae on inner Thawalamtenne, 8 Sep 1980, K.V. Krombein, surface. P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawick- ALLOTYPE.—$, same label data as holotype rema, V. Gunawardane (USNM Type 100283). except 740-760 m, 16-18 Sep 1977, K.V. Krom- MALE.—Length 9.7 mm, forewing 6.8 mm. bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jay- Black, head except tip of mandible, ocellar tri- aweera (USNM). angle, hypostomal area, and last eight flagellar FEMALE.—Length 13 mm, forewing 9 mm. segments light red, abdomen with faint blue re- Black, head except apex of mandible, hypostomal flections; basal third of forewing clear, apical two- area, and flagellum light red, abdomen with thirds infuscated and with blue reflections. weak, metallic blue reflections; basal third of Clypeal keel strong, present on basal three- forewing lightly infumated, apical two-thirds in- fifths, median lobe of clypeus with a narrow fuscated and with bronze to blue reflections. shallow emargination separating the 2 weak Head elongate, width across eyes equal to teeth; distance from apex of frontal platform to length from antennal insertions to occiput, sides occiput 0.93 times the width across eyes; front parallel behind eyes; clypeal keel weak, present with mostly contiguous to subcontiguous pits; only on basal two-thirds; clypeal margin with vertex with quite scattered, smaller punctures; median teeth weak, slightly separated; median ocellocular distance 1.5 times the postocellar dis- frontal sulcus extending halfway to anterior ocel- tance and 0.8 times the ocelloccipital distance; lus; lower half of front with punctures somewhat occipital carina complete; median flagellar seg- more separated than in H. longiceps, upper half of ments 1.3-1.4 times as long as wide. front with widely separated punctures; vertex Pronotal disk not ridged anteriorly, the anterior with very few scattered punctures behind ocelli, half with elongate pits arranged more or less in virtually impunctate elsewhere; ocellocular dis- transverse rows, posterior half with scattered tance 2.2 times postocellar distance and 0.58 small punctures; scutum and scutellum with times ocelloccipital distance; anterior ocellus coarse, shallow contiguous to subcontiguous pits; slightly closer to antennal tubercles than to occi- 84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY put; head beneath with rounded posterolateral female Methocha approaches the entrance to the angles; distance between occiptal and hypostomal tiger beetle burrow, allows the beetle larva to carinae subequal to length of hypostoma. clasp its mandibles around the constricted part of Anterior margin of pronotal disk not ridged, her thorax, and then paralyzes the larva by sting- anterior two-thirds with coarse, confluent punc- ing it in the neck. Subsequently, the larva is tures arranged in longitudinal rows, the rows dragged to the bottom of the burrow, and the becoming more separated at sides, posterior third wasp deposits an egg on the venter of the abdo- with scattered small punctures; scutum with men. The wasp then plugs the cell and fills the coarse punctures, separated anteriorly by about top part of the burrow with soil. the diameter of a puncture and contiguous pos- The host of Karlissa is unknown, but almost teriorly; scutellum with more separated punc- certainly it is the larva of one of the arboreal tures; mesopleural disk produced anteriorly in cicindelids which dwell in cavities in twigs and middle beyond concave anterior face of sclerite, branches. The single known female of Karlissa discal punctures separated by about half the di- was crawling on the trunk of a tree nearly a meter ameter of a puncture but more crowded poste- above the ground; an adult flightless cicindelid, riorly; inferior surface of hind femur sharply Tricondyla coriacea Chevrolat, was captured else- right-angled near apex; apex of hind tibia on where on the same tree. Shelford (1905, 1907) inner surface without heavy, flattened short setae; described the larva and its burrow of Neocollyns small close punctures on dorsal surface of propo- emarginata (Dejean), another arboreal cicindelid deum adjacent to median cuneate space, larger from Java. He surmised that the adult female and more scattered elsewhere and contiguous Neocollyris oviposited through the woody outer along hind margin; posterior surface of propo- tissue of the coffee twig into the central pith. deum with confluent to subconfluent pits. When the egg hatched, the young larva excavated Disk of first tergum not ridged anteriorly; last a burrow in the pith with an opening to the tergum shagreened on apical fourth. outside through the woody tissue. The mouth of PARATYPES.—26*, same label data as holotype the burrow was countersunk, and Shelford opined (USNM). One paratype has been placed in the that the lower surface of the Neocollyris head National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo). completely plugged the burrow with its mandi- The paratypes are 11.2 and 13.0 mm long and bles protruding into the countersunk area. Several agree in all essential details with the holotype. taxa of Neocollyris occur in Sri Lanka. If the burrows of all genera of arboreal cicindelids are of similar construction, this may account for the Subfamily METHOCHINAE remarkable mandibular development of female This peculiar subfamily with highly modified, Karlissa (cf. Figures 22, 25). The two teeth at the wingless, antlike females and slender, winged apex of each mandible could be applied to the males is represented in Sri Lanka by Karlissa anterior margin of the cicindelid head in such a Krombein with a single species, typical Methocha way that the head could be pried upward, thus Latreille with three species, and Methocha exposing the beetle's neck to the wasp's sting. subgenus Dryinopsis Brues with four species. Most Most of the Methocha males were captured in species are known at present only from Sri Lanka, Malaise traps and were observed very infre- but M. (M.) litoralis, new species, occurs also on quently around foliage or on the ground. We the east coast of South India. noted males entering traps as early as 6 A.M. at So far as known all species of Methocha parasi- China Bay, Trincomalee, and one was attracted tize the larvae of cicindelid beetles dwelling in to an ultra-violet light trap. Some males entered perpendicular burrows in the ground. Adlerz traps later on cooler, windier days. Females were (1903, 1905) was the first to observe that the found crawling on the ground, usually in the NUMBER 374 85 vicinity of tiger beetle burrows. We noted mating excavated the burrow. The diameter of the per- or attempted mating three times by M. litoralis in pendicular burrow was 2 mm at the entrance, the intertidal zone at Pesalai beach between 9:30 and it narrowed to 1 mm farther down. At a A.M. and noon. depth of 42 mm there was a narrow, lump of dry Females were active during the day in partially sand. The entire burrow length was 78 mm, and or wholly shaded areas, but activity was severely the beetle larva was at the bottom with its head limited in sparsely vegetated areas subject to upward. It had a small egg on the venter of the intense sunlight. An exception to this was where abdomen opposite the dorsal hump. The egg was the ground was damp, as in the intertidal habitat covered with a few grains of dry sand. The sand of M. litoralis. One damana (small open, sparsely in which the burrow was excavated was very vegetated area) across the Moderagam Aru near damp immediately below the surface. We put the Kokmotte Bungalow, Wilpattu National Park, larva in a cell in damp sand in a pill box for was inhabited by a small population of M. (M.) rearing. The wasp larva matured and spun an heveli, new species. On 24 May 1976 we reached ovoid cocoon of delicate silk 5.5 mm long. Sand the damana at 7:40 A.M. and captured two fe- grains and chitinous parts of the host larva ad- males on the bare gound at 7:45 and 7:55 A.M.; hered to the outer surface of the cocoon. The the ground by then was apparently too hot for adult wasp escaped when it eclosed but was prob- further activity. Late in the afternoon females ably a female. were again active, and we collected four females At Ekgal Aru Reservoir on 22 February 1977, between 5:20 and 6:20 P.M. On the next day we P.B. Karunaratne observed another small female reached the damana at 6:30 A.M. and collected M. (D.) taprobane (22277 A) on the sunny hard- five females between 6:35 and 7:11 A.M. We may packed earth of the drive near the Wildlife De- have collected all of the adult females by that partment Circuit Bungalow. The wasp was plug- time, for we found none active between 5:10 and ging the burrow of a cicindelid larva and had 6:25 P.M. We set small Malaise traps among filled the burrow to within 2 mm of the surface shrubbery on the periphery of the damana but when we captured it. The plug was 5 mm thick did not collect any males. of compacted earth. The next 45 mm of the We followed Methocha females for lengthy pe- burrow was empty, then there was a soft com- riods at several locations but were unable to pacted thin plug directly on top of the head of obtain a great deal of information. Our most cicindelid larva. The larva was in a nearly vertical successful observations were made at Pannika cell at the bottom at a depth of 55 mm. We could Villu, Wilpattu National Park, on the sand near find no egg on the larva, and it could not have the edge of the large villu (pond) on 1 November been dislodged, because the excavation was made 1977. At 8:15 A.M., P.B. Karunaratne noted a very carefully. We placed the beetle larva in a tin small female of M. (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new ointment box in damp soil, but no parasite de- species (11177 A; my code number, signifying veloped. month, day, and year), struggling with a tiger We made a few observations on a small number beetle larva at the burrow entrance of the latter. of M. (M.) ubiquita, new species, females at Tha- It appeared that the tiger beetle had grasped the walamtenne on 18 February 1977. This was a flat wasp which allowed itself to be pulled into the area at mile post 30 on the Kandy-Mahiyangana burrow. The wasp came out almost immediately. Road. The locality had very low vegetation con- It then walked around the burrow vicinity for sisting mostly of grasses and prostrate broader more than five minutes. It went into the burrow leaved plants with occasional shrubs. The Metho- at 8:16 A.M. and finally emerged at 8:37 A.M. cha could not have been a very effective parasite, Then it began to take in a grain of sand at a time. judged from the relatively small number of fe- After several such trips we captured the wasp and males compared with the numerous cicindelid SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY burrows. At 10:12 A.M., I watched a female M. Thawalamtenne had lost part of or all of their ubiquita (21877 A) on a bare spot in the meadow. antennae. Quite likely these may have been am- In a minute it came to a spot that may have putated by a cicindelid larva when the Methocha marked the plugged burrow of a small cicindelid probed the burrow. larva. She began to burrow vertically, removing Specific hosts are unknown for any of the Cey- small grains of soil or sand 1-2 mm from entrance. lonese Methochinae, but it is most unlikely that In three minutes the burrow went downward the any of them are host specific. I believe that length of her body. She continued to back out of methochine females are highly opportunistic and the burrow, sometimes pushing the soil behind will prey successfully upon any species of ground- her with her hind legs, sometimes carrying a grain dwelling or arboreal tiger beetle, provided that or two out in her mandibles. This excavation the host larva is neither too small nor too large. During my field work we collected Cicindelidae went on till 10:25 A.M. At 10:38 A.M., I probed at every locality where they occurred. This ena- the burrow with a grass stem to a depth of % bles me to suggest putative hosts for Ceylonese inches, but there was no reaction. We dug the Methochinae as follows: burrow at 10:45 A.M. and found the Methocha about an inch below the surface with a plug of M. (M.) litoralis, new species—Cicindela biramosa Fabricius, C. distmguenda Dejean, C. sumatrensis Herbst soil above her, and she was still digging. We did M. (M.) heveli, new species—Cicindela cancellata Dejean, C. not find a beetle larva when we excavated deeper. ceylonensis ceylonensis W. Horn, C. c. diversa W. Horn, C. P.B. Karunaratne followed another M. ubiquita haemorrhoidalis Wiedemann, C. sexpunctata Fabricius, C. su- female (21877 B) for an hour-and-a-quarter. At matrensis M. (M.) ubiquita, new species—C. biramosa, C. cancellata, C, about 10:45 A.M. she entered a large cicindelid catena Fabricius, C. ceylonensis diversa, C. discrepans Walker, burrow but was scared off by the larva in about C. distmguenda, C. dormen W. Horn, C. haemorrhoidalis, C. half a minute. We dug up the burrow and found labwaenea W. Horn, C. sexpunctata Fabricius, C. sumatrensis, the beetle larva at a depth of 10 cm in rather C. undulata Dejean, Prothyma paradoxa W. Horn M. (D.) taprobane, new species—C. cancellata, C. c. ceylonensis, heavy loam soil. There was no wasp egg on it. C. c. diversa, C. discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C. At 1 P.M., D.W. Balasooriya found another M. haemorrhoidalis, C. labioaenea, C. lacunosa Putzeys, C. sexpunc- ubiquita female (21877 C) digging as recorded tata, C. sumatrensis, C. undulata, P. paradoxa above for 21877 A. She abandoned the burrow in M. (D.) kandyensis, new species—C. cancellata, C. c. diversa, C. discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C. labioaenea, C. lacunosa a few minutes and started searching elsewhere. M. (D.) ceylonica, new species—C. biramosa, C. cancellata, C. c. The burrow was only 2.5 cm long, and there was diversa, C. discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C. labioaenea, no sign of a beetle larva. This digging activity by C. lacunosa 21877 A and C is certainly very puzzling, for M. (D.) anomala, new species—C. cancellata, C. c. diversa. C. discrepans, C. distmguenda, C. dormen, C. labioaenea, C. lacunosa there was no sign of a beetle larva in either case. Karlissa rugosa—Tncondyla conacea Chevrolat, PNeocollyns spe- Several of the M. ubiquita females captured at cies.

Key to Ceylonese Species of Methochinae

(Females of Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species, and M. (D.) anomala, new species, are unknown)

1. FEMALES: Wingless and antlike in appearance; antenna 12-segmented and not arising from beneath frontal tubercle; tibial spur formula 1-1-1 2 MALES: Winged, slender, elongate forms; antenna 13-segmented and arising from beneath frontal tubercle; tibial spur formula 1-2-2 . . 7 NUMBER 374 87

2. Scutum and scutellum fused into a rounded node [Figure 26]; clypeus [Figure 25] with lateral lobe greatly produced, separated from median lobe by a deep, narrow emargination; mandible concave on inner surface and with 2 equal teeth at apex 46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron) Scutum and scutellum not fused into a rounded node [Figures 17, 20]; clypeus [Figures 16, 19] with lateral lobe poorly or not at all developed; mandible not concave on inner surface, near apex with a small subap- ical tooth 3 3. Ocelli arranged in an acute triangle; head strongly narrowed behind eyes [Figure 18], width 2.2-2.7 times narrowest interocular distance; viewed from above the front flat to slightly concave; scutum flat, in profile depressed beneath levels of pronotum and scutellum [Figure 20]; thorax entirely black 4 Ocelli arranged in an obtuse triangle; head not so strongly narrowed behind eyes [Figure 15], width 1.6-2.1 times narrowest interocular distance; viewed from above the front slightly to moderately protuber- ant above antennae; scutum rounded in profile, not depressed below pronotum and scutellum [Figure 17]; thorax mostly red 5 4. Vestiture silvery to cinereous; basal flagellar segments, legs and 2 last abdominal segments light brown; head 2.2-2.4 times as wide as least interocular distance; postocellar line 1.3 times lateral ocellar line and 0.7 times ocellocular distance 42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species Erect vestiture on dorsum of head, thorax, and first 2 abdominal terga black, remaining vestiture silvery; body predominantly black, apical half of flagellum and tarsi dark brown, sixth tergum and fifth and sixth sterna chestnut; head 2.7 times as wide as least interocular distance; postocellar line 2.0 times lateral ocellar line and 1.1 times ocellocular distance 44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new species 5. Front comparatively broader and less densely punctate [Figure 22], head 1.6-1.7 times as wide as narrowest part of front, more strongly protu- berant above antennae [Figure 21], most punctures separated by 3 or more times diameter of a puncture; pronotal disk evenly convex, without a median groove; mesosternal tubercles before mid coxae strong, acute, separated by a U-shaped emargination, area before tubercles with a shallow median fovea 39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species Front comparatively narrower and more densely punctate, head 1.7-2.1 times as wide as narrowest part of front, most of punctures separated by no more than width of a puncture; pronotal disk with a median longitudinal groove; mesosternal processes before mid coxae varying from low obtuse teeth separated by a broad, shallow emargination to evansecent transverse ridges 6 6. Head 1.7-1.8 times as wide as narrowest part of front; front less densely 88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

punctate, with several impunctate interspaces larger than anterior ocellus, most punctures separated from each other by diameter of a puncture, and more strongly swollen above antennae; erect vestiture of thoracic dorsum white to cinereous, punctation sparser, majority of punctures separated by more than diameter of a puncture 40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species Head 2.0-2.1 times as wide as narrowest part of front; front more densely punctate [Figure 16], rarely with an impunctate interspace as wide as anterior ocellus, most punctures separated by half the diameter of a puncture or less, and only slightly convex above antennae [Figure 15]; erect vestiture of thoracic dorsum brown to black, punctation relatively denser, ranging from subcontiguous to a condition where a number of punctures are separated by diameter of a puncture, except scutellum which is occasionally very sparsely punctate 41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species 7. Flagellar segments strongly flattened, shorter, first flagellar segment as long as wide, second through fifth each more than half as wide as long [Figure 27]; pronotum elongate, median length of dorsum 0.8 times that of scutum; metasternum at apex with a pair of ligulate, narrowly separated processes, each overlying inner ventral angle of hind coxa; posterior surface of propodeum abruptly declivous from dorsal surface which has a strong transverse carina at apex; genitalia [Figure 36], paramere slender, dorsal and ventral margins tapering gradually to apex 46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron) Flagellar segments not so flattened, longer, first flagellar segment 1.5 or more times as long as wide, succeeding segments twice or more times as long as wide; pronotum shorter, median length of dorsum not more than half the length of scutum; metasternum not so armed at apex, at most with a pair of small tubercles; dorsal surface of propodeum rounding gradually into posterior surface, not separated from it by a strong transverse carina; genitalia [Figures 33-35, 37, 38], paramere stouter, ventral margin rounded out or emarginate in middle 8 8. Mesopleuron with a median ovate, impressed, densely haired fossa; ocelli in an obtuse triangle; malar space usually well developed, more or less quadrate; hypostomal carina with a strong tooth anteriorly behind mandible; parapsides and notauli present, the latter short; genitalia [Figures 33-35], ventral margin of paramere deeply emarginate in middle 9 Mesopleuron without such an impressed area; ocelli in an acute triangle; malar space very short, linear; hypostomal carina low, not toothed; parapsides present, notauli absent; genitalia [Figures 37, 38], ventral margin of paramere rounded out in middle 11 9. Clypeal process broad [Figure 32], margin deeply emarginate in middle; mandible very massive; malar space as wide as basal flagellar segments; NUMBER 374 89

thoracic punctation sparser and quite delicate, mesopleuron above fossa with small punctures mostly separated by diameter of a puncture or more; tibiae and tarsi dark; genitalia [Figure 35], aedeagus broadened toward apex 39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species Clypeal process narrower [Figures 30, 31], margin in middle truncate or narrowly rounded; mandible much more slender; malar space nar- rower, much shorter than width of basal flagellar segments; thoracic punctation denser and frequently coarser, area above mesopleural fossa with punctures separated by half the diameter of a puncture or less; base of mid and hind tibiae and all tarsi except apical segment pale 10 10. Clypeal process beaklike in profile [Figure 30], viewed from in front with sides converging toward rounded apex; punctures of scutum and me- sopleuron coarser and subconfluent; genitalia [Figure 33] with aedeagus only slightly broadened toward apex 41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species Clypeal process blunt in profile [Figure 31], not beaklike, viewed from in front with apex beveled, margin truncate; punctures of scutum and mesopleuron smaller, many of them separated by half the diameter of a puncture; genitalia [Figure 34] with aedeagus broadened toward apex 40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species 11. Ocelli in a large, flat triangle, ocellocular line 1.1-1.5 times postocellar line; lateral area of dorsal surface of propodeum not shagreened, usually two transverse rugulae at apex of dorsal surface; cuspis of genitalia blunt, not digitate [Figure 38] 12 Ocelli in a small, acute triangle, ocellocular line 2.1-2.5 times postocellar line; lateral area of dorsal surface of propodeum strongly shagreened, apex of dorsal surface without transverse rugulae; cuspis of genitalia slender, digitate [Figure 37] 13 12. Legs mostly light red, femora rarely light brown; clypeal process narrower, in profile beaklike [Figure 28]; hind margin of pronotal disk narrowly brown 42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species Legs dark except basal fourth of mid and hind tibiae, and tarsi except apical segment testaceous; clypeal process broader, in profile blunt not beaklike [Figure 29]; hind margin of pronotal disk more broadly testaceous 43. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species 13. Legs dark brown, tarsi sometimes lighter brown; ocellocular distance 2.1 times postocellar distance; punctures of mesopleural disk small, mostly separated by half the diameter of a puncture 44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new species Legs light red, tarsi occasionally brown; ocellocular distance 2.5 times postocellar distance; punctures of mesopleural disk fine, mostly sepa- rated by 2 to 3 times diameter of a puncture 45. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomaia, new species 90 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

39. Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species small confluent punctures; ocellocular line 1.3 times postocellar line; second flagellar segment as FIGURES 32, 35 long as third, 1.2 times as long as first. This distinctive species is known from two Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, surface be- males and a long series of females taken at a hind with tiny punctures separated anteriorly by single locality on the northwest coast of Sri Lanka 2 or more times the diameter of a puncture, on a narrow spit of land leading to Adams Bridge, posteriorly and laterally by a puncture's width; the chain of small islets separating Sri Lanka and scutum with small punctures separated anteriorly India. All Ceylonese specimens were taken in the and laterally by half the diameter of a puncture, intertidal zone of a sandy beach among stranded in middle smooth except along midline; scutellar seaweed. The species is also known from a single disk with small punctures separated by width of female from Karikal, South India, a small city on a puncture except smooth anteriorly in middle; the east coast 200 km north of the type-locality. mesopleuron above median fossa with small Putative host larvae belonging to three taxa of punctures mostly separated by the diameter of a Cicindelidae are listed in the discussion under puncture or more, above groove conflucntly "Subfamily Methochinae." punctate, and posteriorly the punctures separated Both sexes are distinguished from the other by half the diameter of a puncture; propodeum Ceylonese species of the typical subgenus by the without median ridge, finely rugulosoreticulate much sparser and more delicate punctation; the except lower half of lateral surface obliquely ru- male also has a more massive mandible and gulose. broader malar space, and the female has a pair of Abdomen with fine scattered punctures, apices strong, acute mesosternal tubercles before the mid of segments with a row of closer punctures; geni- coxae instead of a pair of low obtuse teeth or talia (Figure 35). transverse ridges. ALLOTYPE.—9, same locality but 19 Feb 1979, ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is from the K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Latin litoralis (of the seashore), an allusion to this Gunawardane (USNM). restricted habitat. FEMALE.—Length 6.3 mm. Black, the following HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Northern Province, red: mandible, scape, pedicel and first 3 flagellar Mannar District, Pesalai beach, 23 Jan 1978, P.B. segments, thorax and first abdominal segment Karunaratne, 12378 A, taken in copula with par- except narrow apical margin of tergum; tarsi atype 9 (USNM Type 100284). brownish. Vestiture on head, thorax, and abdo- MALE.—Length 9.5 mm, forewing 5.5 mm. men sparse, erect, glittering white except dark on Black, mandible except base and tip and tegula front. except base light red, tarsi dark brown. Vestiture Head width 1.6 times least interocular dis- glittering white, relatively dense and erect on tance; clypeus with a low convex swelling in head and thorax, sparser and subappressed on middle; malar space distinct, anterior mandibu- abdomen. Forewing slightly infumated, hind lar condyle separated from eye by a distance wing clear, stigma and veins brown. equal to width of pedicel; viewed from above, the Head (Figure 32, drawn from paratype) width front biprotuberant above antennae; front with 1.5 times height from apex of clypeus to posterior small punctures separated by 3 or more times the ocelli, mandible massive; malar space as broad as diameter of a puncture except on protuberance flagellar segment; interocular distance at anterior and along eyes where they are separated by 1 to ocellus 1.1 times least interocular distance; cly- 2 times the diameter of a puncture; postocellar peal process broad, suberect, the apex deeply line 1.7 times lateral ocellar line and 0.7 times cmarginate; lateral hypostomal tooth in profile ocellocular distance. acute, slender, median tubercle strong; front with Pronotum 0.7 times head width and 1.2 times NUMBER 374 91 propodeal width, the disk without median furrow clude some six taxa of Cicindelidae as listed in and with scattered small punctures mostly sepa- the discussion under the subfamily heading. rated by 2 or more times the diameter of a Methocha heveli is intermediate between M. litor- puncture; disk of scutum 1.3 times as wide as alis, new species, and M. ubiquita, new species, in long, with very few slightly larger punctures; the comparative density of punctation. The gen- scutellar disk 0.8 times as wide as long, with italia and the blunt clypeal process with beveled scattered small punctures; posterior half of me- apex distinguish the male from its congeners. The sopleuron more weakly obliquely rugulose than female has the apical mesosternal processes de- in M. ubiquita, new species, and M. heveli, new veloped as blunt teeth or transverse ridges as in species; mesosternum with a pair of strong acute M. ubiquita, rather than acute teeth as in M. teeth in front of mid coxae, the median depression litoralis; it differs from M. ubiquita in the compar- separating teeth narrowed posteriorly; propo- atively wider front, which is more strongly pro- deum virtually impunctate. tuberant above the antennae and has several Abdominal terga with more scattered fine impunctate interspaces wider than the anterior punctures than in M. ubiquita and M. heveli. ocellus. PARATYPES.—4$, same data as holotype, 1 ETYMOLOGY.—It is named for Gary F. Hevel, taken in copula with holotype and bearing code one of the Smithsonian Insect Project team lead- 12378 A (USNM); ld\ 14$, same data as allotype ers, who found the only two males in a Malaise (USNM); 16, 19, same locality as holotype but 9 trap. Apr 1981, in copula, K.V. Krombein (USNM). HOLOTYPE.—6\ Sri Lanka, North Central Prov- SOUTH INDIA. 19, Karikal, 1 Jun 1932, P.S. Na- ince, Anuradhapura District, Hunuwilagama than (London). A pair of paratypes has been near Wilpattu Natl. Park, 200 ft, in Malaise trap, deposited in the National Museums of Sri Lanka 28 Oct-3 Nov 1976, G.F. Hevel, R.E. Dietz IV, (Colombo), and a female paratype has been S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type placed in the British Museum (Natural History) 100285). and in Oxford University. MALE.—Length 8.0 mm, forewing 4.8 mm. The paratype males are 9.9-10.0 mm long and Black, mandible red except base and apex; the agree in all essential details with the holotype following testaceous: narrow apical margin of except that the interocular distance at anterior pronotal disk, tegula except base, basal fourth of ocellus is 1.2 times the least interocular distance, mid and hind tibiae, tarsi except apical segment. and the ocellocular line is 1.2 times the postocellar Vestiture glittering white, relatively dense and line. Female paratypes are 4.2 to 6.7 mm long, erect on head and thorax, sparser and subap- agree very well with the allotype in coloration, pressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigma dark the punctation and sculpture is weaker in the brown, veins testaceous. smallest specimens, and the head width is 1.6-1.7 Head (Figure 31, drawn from paratype) width times the least interocular distance. 1.6 times height from apex of clypeus to posterior ocelli, interocular distance at anterior ocellus 1.2 times least interocular distance; mandible more 40. Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species slender; malar space much narrower than width

FIGURES 31, 34 of flagellum; clypeal process narrow, apex bev- eled, margin truncate, in profile blunt, not beak- This species is known from both sexes from like; lateral hypostomal tooth blunt, median tu- several localities in the Dry Zone. So far as known, bercle weak; front with small confluent punc- it does not occur also in India, but there is a tures; ocellocular line 1.3 times postocellar line; dearth of specimens from that country, so it may second flagellar segment as long as third, 1.3 be collected eventually. Putative host larvae in- times as long as first. 92 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, surface be- Pronotum 0.7 times as wide as head and 1.2 hind this with tiny punctures separated anteriorly times propodeal width, the disk with a median by twice the diameter of a puncture, laterally and furrow and with small punctures mostly sepa- posteriorly by the width of a puncture; scutum rated by the diameter of a puncture or a bit less; with small punctures separated anteriorly and disk of scutum 1.2 times as wide as long and with laterally by half the width of a puncture, in small subcontiguous punctures; scutellar disk 0.8 middle by about the diameter of a puncture; times as wide as long and with small punctures scutellar disk with punctures separated by half separated by diameter of a puncture except for a their diameter except smooth anteriorly in mid- median impunctate area anteriorly; posterior half dle; mesopleuron above median fossa with small of mesopleuron with coarser oblique rugulae than punctures separated by half their diameter, above in M. litoralis; mesosternum posteriorly with a groove confluently punctate and posteriorly the small round fovea in front of a pair of low blunt punctures smaller and separated by more than teeth in front of mid coxae; dorsal and posterior their diameter; propodeum coarsely rugulosore- surfaces of propodeum with small punctures sep- ticulate on dorsum, posteriorly with median ridge arated by about the diameter of a puncture. and more finely rugulosoreticulate, laterally with Abdominal terga with closer fine punctures fine rugulosoreticulations on upper half and than in M. litoralis, separated by 1 to several times oblique rugulae on lower half. Abdomen with the diameter of a puncture. fine scattered punctures, apices of segments with PARATYPES.—1<5, 15$, all Sri Lanka and all a row of closer punctures; genitalia (Figure 34). (USNM) except where noted as follows. 1(5, same ALLOTYPE.—$, Sri Lanka, Northern Province, data as holotype; 1$, same data as allotype. WEST- Mannar District, 0.5 mi NE of Kokmotte Bun- ERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 29, Hendela, 30 galow, Wilpattu Natl. Park, 21-25 May 1976, Jul 1980, T. Wijesinhe. UVA PROVINCE. Monoragala K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. District: 29, Angunakolapelessa, 16 mi E of Uda Balasooriya (USNM). Walawe, 2 and 7 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein, P.B. FEMALE.—Length 7.4 mm. Black, the following Karunaratne, P. Fernando, E.G. Dabrera. SOUTH- red: mandible, antenna except last 2 segments, ERN PROVINCE. Hambantota District: 1$, 6 Feb 1909, dorsum of thorax and propodeum, side of pron- T.B. Fletcher (London). A pair of paratypes has otum, upper half of lateral surface of propodeum, been deposited in the National Museums of Sri apical two-thirds of first abdominal segment ex- Lanka (Colombo), and a female paratype in the cept narrow apex of tergum, tibiae, and tarsi. British Museum (Natural History). Vestiture denser and somewhat longer than in M. The male paratype is 7.5 mm long and agrees litoralis, cinereous on front, glittering white on rest in essential details with the holotype. Female of body. paratypes range from 3.5 to 7.3 mm in length, are Head width 1.8 times least interocular dis- similar in coloration to the allotype, smaller spec- tance; convex swelling on middle of clypeus imens are more sparsely punctate and more deli- stronger than in M. litoralis; malar space narrow, cately sculptured, and the posterior mesosternal at anterior mandibular condyle half as wide as teeth are occasionally reduced to transverse width of pedicel; viewed from above the front ridges. bituberant above antennae, though less so than in M. litoralis; front with larger punctures than in 41. Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new M. litoralis, many separated by half of or the species diameter of a puncture, but with several impunc- tate interspaces larger than anterior ocellus; FIGURES 7, 8, 15-17, 30, 33 postocellar line 2.3 times lateral ocellar line and This is the most widely distributed species of 0.3 times ocellocular distance. typical Methocha in Sri Lanka, where it occurs in NUMBER 574 93 both the Dry Zone and Wet Zone and at altitudes the diameter of a puncture laterally and by the up to some 2000 ft. It is not known to occur in diameter of a puncture in middle area; scutum India, but intensive collecting in South India may with small subconfluent punctures except lat- demonstrate its presence there. Putative host lar- erally where they are more separated; scutellar vae include some 13 taxa of Cicindelidae as listed disk damaged by pinhole, in paratypes with small in the discussion under "Subfamily Metho- punctures, separated on lateral third by half the chinae." diameter of a puncture, the middle very sparsely The male is the most densely punctate of the punctate; mesopleuron with small, mostly con- species of typical Methocha and has a distinctive fluent punctures except posteriorly where they beaklike clypeal process. The female also is the are separated by half or more the diameter of a most densely punctate of that sex, has dark ves- puncture; propodeum with median ridge better titure on the thoracic dorsum instead of white to developed on posterior surface than on dorsal, the cinereous, and has a comparatively narrower latter with coarse rugulosoreticulations becoming front. finer toward side, posterior and lateral surfaces ETYMOLOGY.—Its specific name is derived from with rugulosoreticulations of fine mesh except the Latin ubique (everywhere), in allusion to its lower half of lateral surface with oblique rugulae. wide distribution in Sri Lanka. Abdomen with fine punctures, somewhat closer HOLOTYPE.—d\ Sri Lanka, Eastern Province, than in other species, apices of segments with a Trincomalee District, Trincomalee, China Bay row of closer punctures; genitalia (Figure 33, of Ridge Bungalow, 0-100 ft, 16-17 May 1976, in paratype). Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Ka- ALLOTYPE.—9, Sri Lanka, Central Province, runaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM Type Kandy District, Thawalamtenne, 740-760 m, 18 100286). Feb 1977, P.B. Karunaratne, code 21877 B MALE (Figure 7).—Length 8.0 mm, forewing (USNM). 5.2 mm. Black, apical half of mandible except FEMALE (Figure 8).—Length 5.3 mm. Black, teeth red; the following testaceous: narrow apical the following red: mandible, antenna except last margin of pronotal disk, tegula except base, basal 2 segments, thorax and propodeum except me- fourth of mid and hind tibiae, tarsi except apical sopleuron mostly black, first abdominal segment segment. Vestiture glittering white, relatively except narrowly at base and apex, and coxae, dense and erect on head and thorax, sparser and trochanters, and femora beneath. Erect vestiture subappressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigma on front, dorsum of thorax, propodeum and ab- dark brown, veins light brown. domen black to dark brown, white elsewhere, Head (Figure 30, drawn from paratype) width longer and denser than in M. litoralis, new species. 1.5 times height from apex of clypeus to posterior Head width 2.0 times least interocular distance ocelli, interocular distance at anterior ocellus 1.2 (Figure 16); convex swelling on middle of clypeus times least interocular distance; mandible more stronger than in M. litoralis; malar space absent, slender; malar space much narrower than width mandibular condyles touching lower edge of eye; of flagellum; clypeal process narrow, sides con- viewed from above, the front only slightly pro- verging toward rounded apex, in profile beaklike; tuberant above antennae (Figure 15); front with lateral hypostomal tooth blunt, median tubercle larger punctures than in M. litoralis, mostly sepa- very weak; front with small confluent punctures; rated by the diameter of a puncture or less and ocellocular line 1.3 times postocellar line; second with scarcely any interspaces as wide as anterior flagellar segment as long as third, 1.3 times as ocellus; postocellar line 1.8 times lateral ocellar long as first. line and 0.8 times ocellocular distance. Pronotal disk with anterior ridge, surface be- Pronotum 0.6 times as wide as head and 1.2 hind this with tiny punctures separated by half times as wide as propodeum, the disk with a 94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY median furrow and with small punctures mostly aweera; 16*, 24-25 Jul 1978, in Malaise trap, K.V. separated by half the diameter of a puncture; Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare, L. Jay- disk of scutum as wide as long and with small awickrema; 46*, 26 Feb 1979, 25-50 ft, in Malaise subcontiguous punctures; scutellar disk 0.6 times trap, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwar- as wide as long and with small punctures sepa- dane, L. Jayawickrema, T. Gunawardane. Am- rated by half the diameter of a puncture except parai District: 16*, 49, Ekgal Aru; 16* Reservoir for a small smooth area anteriorly; posterior half Jungle, 10 Jun 1976, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krom- of mesopleuron with coarser oblique rugulae than bein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne; 29, same jungle in M. litoralis; mesosternum with a pair of nar- but 100 m, 19-22 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. rowly separated low ridges in front of mid coxae; Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. Balasooriya; dorsal and posterior surfaces of propodeum with 29, Ekgal Aru tank, 22-23 Feb 1977, same collec- small punctures separated by distances varying tors, CENTRAL PROVINCE. Matale District: 16*, Ki- from the diameter of a puncture to half that bissa, 0.5 mi W of Sigiriya, jungle, 28 Jun-4 Jul distance. 1978, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka- Abdominal terga with fine punctures which runaratne, T. Wijesinhe, V. Kulasekare. Kandy are denser than in M. heveli. District: 16*, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 13 PARATYPES.—416*, 17$, all Sri Lanka and all Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. (USNM) except where noted otherwise, NORTH- Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane; ERN PROVINCE. Mannar District: 16* Cashew Corp., 29, Thawalamtenne, 740-760 m, 21 Aug 77, K.V. Ma Villu, 17-21 Feb 1979, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, D.W. Balasooriya. NORTH WESTERN Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gun- PROVINCE. Puttalam District: 16*, Pannika Villu, 20 awardane; 26*, 0.5 mi NE of Kokmotte Bungalow, m, 31 Oct-2 Nov 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Wilpattu Natl. Park, 22-25 May 1976, in Malaise Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera. WEST- trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, ERN PROVINCE. Colombo District: 59, Colombo, 2 on D.W. Balasooriya. NORTH CENTRAL PROVINCE. An- 11 Sep 23, 2 on 1 Nov 26, 1 on 3 Dec 28, G.M. uradhapura District: 106*, Padaviya, irrigation bun- Henry (Colombo), SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Rat- galow or tank, 180 ft, 26*, 27 Feb-9 Mar 1970, napura District: 29, 16*, Gilimale, Induruwa Jungle, D.R. Davis, W.H. Rowe; 46*, 12-22 Mar 1976, in 19. on 17 Jun 76, K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Malaise trap, P.B. and S. Karunaratne; 46*, 18 Karunaratne; 19 on 5 Feb 77, K.V. Krombein; May 1976, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. 16* on 7-8 Mar 79, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krom- and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya. 26*, 19, bein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwar- Padaviya archeological site; 19, 20 May 1976, S. dane, L. Jayawickrema. 16*, Sinharaja forest, 600 Karunaratne; 16*, 21 May 1976, in Malaise trap, ft, 5 Aug 73, in Malaise trap, G. Ekis. UVA PROV- K.V. Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. INCE. Monaragala District: 16*, Wellawaya, Nov 11, Balasooriya; 16*, ll-14Oct 1977, in Malaise trap, O.S. Wickwar (London). 16*, Uda Walawe, 300 K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, ft, in Malaise trap in thorn scrub forest, 1 Aug T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera. 16*, Occapu Kallu, 73, G. Ekis. 129, 196*, Angunakolapelessa, 16 mi Wilpattu Natl. Park, 150 ft, 18 Mar 1970, D.R. E of Uda Walawe; 9, 7 Feb 1975, K.V. Krombein, Davis, W.H. Rowe. EASTERN PROVINCE. Trincomalee P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, E.G. Dabrera; District: 1$, Tennamaravadi, 18 May 1976, K.V. 16*, in Malaise trap, 17-19 Jun 78, K.V. Krom- Krombein, P.B. and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Bal- bein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Kula- asooriya. 246*, Trincomalee, China Bay Ridge sekare; 176*, 21-23 Jan 79, in Malaise trap, K.V. Bungalow, in Malaise trap; 116*, 13-17 and 16-17 Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. May 1976, 0-100 ft, same collectors as holotypes; Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane (USNM); 119, 16*, 86*, 8-11 Nov 1977, 0-30 m, K.V. Krombein, P.B. 8-9 Oct 80, 6* in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, Karunaratne, P. Fernando, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jay- P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawick- NUMBER 574

rema, V. Gunawardane. SOUTHERN PROVINCE. It occurs in both the Dry Zone and the Wet Zone Galle District: 16\ Kanneliya section, Sinharaja but only in areas of moderate rainfall in the latter Jungle, 13-16 Jul 1978, in Malaise trap, K.V. zone and at altitudes ranging near sea level to Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. 2100 ft. Putative host larvae include some 13 taxa Jayawickrema, N. Karunaratne; 1(5, same locality of Cicindelidae as listed in the discussion under but 2-5 Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karu- the subfamily heading. This section also includes naratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. Gun- notes on the behavior of two females of M. (D.) awardane. Hambantota District: 19, Palatupana, taprobane and the larvae which they parasitized. 3-6 Feb 75, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, The male has light-red legs and small, rela- P. Fernando, E.G. Dabrera; 16*, Palatupana tank, tively dense punctation on the mesopleuron; how- 10-16 m, in Malaise trap, 6-7 Nov 1980, K.V. ever, three of the 11 males have the mesopleuron Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. more sparsely punctate, approaching the condi- Jayawickrema, V. Gunawardane; 6$, same local- tion in M. (D.) anomala, new species, which also ity but 29 Mar-2 Apr 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. has light-red legs. Males of these two Dryinopsis Wijesinhe, L. Weeratunge. A pair of paratypes may be separated by the genitalia (cf. Figures 37, has been placed in the National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo) and British Museum (Natural 38), by the ratio of ocellocular to postocellar History). A male from Northern Province, Jaffna distance (1.5 and 2.5 respectively), and by the Dist., Elephant Pass, 2 Jan 23, G.M. Henry (Col- lack of shagreening on the lateral area of dorsal ombo) is not included in the type series because surface of the propodeum in the present species. it lacks an abdomen. Females of Dryinopsis are much more uncom- Male paratypes are 4.5-10.8 mm long. In some mon than those of typical Methocha. I am unable specimens the normally dark parts of tibiae may to distinguish significant differences among the be light brown. The clypeal process is occasionally seven available females in color, vestiture, punc- heavier, and the median ridge on propodeum tation, and body proportions, and I believe that may be lacking dorsally, posteriorly, or both. The they are conspecific. The females are from five smallest specimens are comparatively more deli- localities; males were collected at three of these cately sculptured and more sparsely punctate. (Ma Villu, Parayanalankulam, Pannika Villu), Female paratypes are 4.0-6.0 mm long, and the no males whatever at a fourth (Pooneryn), and coloration is rather uniform except that the pro- one male of M. (D.) anomala at the fifth (Ekgal podeum rarely is brownish and there may be a Aru); however, at the latter locality the two fe- reduced amount of red on the abdomen. Punc- males were taken near the Circuit Bungalow, tation and sculpture are also variable, smaller whereas the single male was collected a mile specimens being comparatively more sparsely distant in the Sanctuary Jungle. The occurrence punctate and with more delicate sculpture, and of two species at Ekgal Aru is of no significance, the largest specimen from Padaviya having sub- for all four species of male Dryinopsis have been contiguous punctures on front, pronotum, and collected in Udawattakele Sanctuary, Kandy. Fe- scutum. Three specimens (Gilimale, Padaviya, males of M. taprobane and M. ceylonica, new species, Thawalamtenne) have the mesopleural rugulae are readily separated by the characters in the finer and closer than in the rest of the series. preceding key. ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is the Roman 42. Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new name for ancient Lanka. species HOLOTYPE.—<5, North Western Province, Put- talam District, Pannika Villu, Wilpattu Natl. FIGURES 18-20, 28, 38 Park, 20 m, 31 Oct-2 Nov 1977, K.V. Krombein, This rather widely distributed species is the P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, M. Jayaweera most common species of the subgenus Dryinopsis. (USNM Type 100287). 96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

MALE.—Length 6.8 mm, forewing 5.2 mm. of clypeal lobe, antenna except last 4 segments, Black, the following light red: mandible except last 2 abdominal segments, legs except outer sur- narrowly at base and legs except fore and hind face of coxae, trochanters; femora and tibiae coxae and mid coxa above; palpi and tegula brownish. Vestiture sparse, white to cinereous, testaceous. Vestiture glittering white, relatively erect on head, thorax, and first abdominal ter- dense, short and suberect on head and thorax, gum, that on second through fifth terga subde- sparser and subappressed on abdomen. Wings cumbent, the setae on middle third of each seg- clear, stigma dark brown, veins lighter brown. ment directed obliquely inward toward midline, Head (Figure 28, drawn from paratype) width the setae on outer third directed posteriorly. 1.3 times height from apex of clypeus to posterior Head viewed from above (Figure 18), strongly ocellus, interocular distance at anterior ocellus narrowed behind eyes, ocelli in an acute triangle, 1.2 times least interocular distance; malar space and front slightly concave in middle, not protu- evanescent; clypeal process narrow, sides converg- berant; viewed from in front (Figure 19) the head ing toward rounded apex, in profile beaklike; 2.3 times as wide as narrowest part of front; apical ocellocular line 1.5 times postocellar line; second margin of clypeal lobe slightly emarginate; im- and third flagellar segments subequal and 1.4 pressed supraclypeal area smooth, flat, higher times first segment. than wide; antennal flagellum noticeably clavate Pronotal disk without a strong anterior ridge, toward apex; interocular distance at posterior this area with a few fine transverse carinae behind ocelli 1.7 times least interocular distance; lower which are fine punctures separated by the diam- part of front impunctate except for a narrow strip eter of a puncture; scutum with small confluent of small punctures along eye margin, upper part punctures except anterior area between parap- of front with small punctures mostly separated by sides where they are separated by half the diam- 2 or more times diameter of a puncture; post- eter of a puncture; scutellar disk with small punc- ocellar line 1.3 times lateral ocellar line and 0.7 tures separated by half the diameter of a punc- times ocellocular distance; vertex with sparser ture, declivous lateral areas with smaller con- punctation. fluent punctures; mesopleuron with a continuous Thorax in profile (Figure 20) with scutum de- crenulate groove above and anteriorly, disk with pressed below level of pronotum and concave, fine punctures, mostly separated by twice the scutellum gently convex; pronotum 0.6 times as diameter of a puncture; propodeum without me- wide as head and 1.2 times propodeal width, disk dian ridge, dorsal surface rounding gradually into convex, not furrowed, and with a few scattered posterior, dorsal surface with irregular longitudi- fine punctures; scutum virtually impunctate; scu- nal rugulae and 2 transverse rugulae at apex, tellum sparsely and finely punctate but more posterior surface with small rugulose reticula- densely than pronotum; mesopleuron with fine tions, lateral surface with a few coarse oblique scattered punctures on anterior half, posterior rugulae on anterior half and fine rugulose reti- half smooth; mesosternum without posterior teeth culations on posterior. or ridges; dorsum of propodeum with small punc- Abdominal dorsum with fine punctures sepa- tures separated by about twice the diameter of a rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam- puncture. eter of a puncture; genitalia (Figure 38, of a Abdomen with fine scattered, piliferous punc- paratype). tures on posterior two-thirds of second through ALLOTYPE.—9, Northern Province, Vavuniya fifth terga, anterior third smooth. District, Parayanalankulam, 22 Nov 1969, K.V. PARATYPES.—96*, 69, all Sri Lanka and Krombein (USNM). (USNM) as follows, NORTHERN PROVINCE. Jaffna FEMALE.—Length 4.8 mm. Black, glossy, the District: 19, 13 mi S of Pooneryn, -100 ft, 7 Nov following light red: palpi, mandible, apical half 1976, S. Karunaratne. Vavuniya District: 16", Par- NUMBER 1574 97 ayanalankulam irrigation canal, 100 ft, 20-25 several specimens the outer surface of the legs is Mar 1970, D.R. Davis, W.H. Rowe. Mannar Dis- darker brown as is the lower half of clypeal lobe. trict: 1(5, Cashew Corporation, Ma Villu, Malaise The head width is 2.2-2.4 times as wide as nar- trap, 17-21 Feb 1979, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijes- rowest part of front, and the interocular distance inhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane; 16, 0.5 at posterior ocelli is 1.5-1.6 times the least inter- mi NW of Kokmotte Bungalow, Wilpattu Natl. ocular distance. Park, at black light, 15-16 Feb 1979, K.V. Krom- bein, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawar- dane. NORTH WESTERN PROVINCE. 2$, same data as 43. Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new holotype but 1 Nov 1979, 1 bearing code number species EASTERN PROVINCE. 11177 A, P.B. Karunaratne. FIGURE 29 Amparai District: 2$, Ekgal Aru tank, Circuit Bun- galow, 22 and 23 Feb 1977, K.V. Krombein, P.B. This species of the Hill Country, known only Karunaratne, 1 bearing code number 22277 A. from two males from Kandy and nearby Pera- CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: 26, Hasalaka deniya, is the most easily recognized of the Cey- Circuit Bungalow, 500 ft, 30 Mar-9 Apr 1971, P. lonese Dryinopsis males. The coloration of the legs and P. Spangler, et al., in Malaise trap, and is unique in that the basal fourth of mid and hind 22-25 Nov 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr., et al.; 16\ Kandy, tibiae, and tarsi except apical segment, are tes- Udawattakele Sanctuary, 2100 ft, 20-27 Sep taceous as in Methocha (M.) ubiquita, new species, 1976, S. Karunaratne. WESTERN PROVINCE. Colombo rather than having legs mostly light red as in M. District: 26, Labugama, 400 ft, in Malaise trap, (D.) taprobane, new species, and M. (D.) anomala, 24 Aug 1973, G. Ekis, et al. SABARAGAMUWA PROV- new species, or mostly black or dark brown as in INCE. Ratnapura District: \6, Panamure, 500 ft, M. (D) ceylonica, new species. Surprisingly, the 15-21 Nov 1970, O.S. Flint, Jr., et al. SOUTHERN genitalia are so similar to those of M. (D.) tapro- PROVINCE. Monoragala District: 56, Angunakolape- bane that the two species cannot be discriminated lessa, 100 m, 21-23 Jan 1979, in Malaise trap, on that basis. Putative host larvae include some K.V. Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, seven taxa of Cicindelidae as noted in the discus- S. Siriwardane, T. Gunawardane. Hambantota Dis- sion under "Subfamily Methochinae." trict: 36\ Palatupana tank, 15-50 ft, 18-20 Jan ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is based on 1979, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Ka- Kandy, capital of the last native kingdom. runaratne, T. Wijesinhe, S. Siriwardane, T. Gun- HOLOTYPE.—6*, Sri Lanka, Central Province, awardane; 19, same locality as preceding but 29 Kandy District, Peradeniya Botanical Garden, Mar 1981, K.V. Krombein, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jan 1971, Piyadasa and Somapala (USNM Type Weeratunge. 100288). Male paratypes are 5.5-7.8 mm long and agree MALE.—Length 7.3 mm, forewing 5.2 mm. well in coloration with the holotype except that Black, the following testaceous: palpi, middle the femora are brownish in one specimen. There third of mandible, narrow hind margin of pro- is some variation in density of punctation which notum, tegula, basal fourth of mid and hind is particularly noticeable on the mesopleuron. In tibiae, and all tarsi except apical segment; tip ol a few specimens many of the discal punctures are mandible light red. Vestiture glittering white, separated by three or four times the diameter of relatively dense, short and suberect on head and a puncture, and in a few specimens these punc- thorax, sparser and subappressed on abdomen. tures are a bit larger, and many are separated by Wings clear, stigma dark brown, veins lighter the diameter of a puncture. brown. Female paratypes are 3.5-4.6 mm long and are Head (Figure 29, drawn from paratype) width similar in coloration to the allotype, except in 1.3 times height from apex of clypeus to posterior 98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY ocellus, interocular distance at anterior ocellus 44. Methocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new 1.2 times least interocular distance; malar space species evanescent; clypeal process broader than in M. (D.) taprobane, in profile blunter, heavier, not FIGURE 37 beaklike; ocellocular line 1.1 times postocellar line; second and third flagellar segments subequal This species, known only from two localities, is in length and 1.2 times as long as first. known from four males and one female. It occurs Pronotal disk without a strong anterior ridge, at Trincomalee in the Dry Zone and at Kandy in this area with a few fine transverse carinae behind the Wet Zone with moderate rainfall, so we may which are fine punctures separated by the diam- expect it to have a relatively wide distribution in eter of a puncture; scutum with small punctures, the country. Like M. (D.) kandyensis, new species, on median third anteriorly separated by half the the male is very readily recognized by the color- width of a puncture, laterad of this and to pa- ation of the legs which are almost entirely dark rapsidal furrow the punctures confluent in trans- in this species. The genitalia are indistinguishable verse rows, area laterad of parapsidal furrow as from those of M. (D.) anomala, new species, which on median section; scutellar disk with small punc- has almost entirely light-red legs. The compara- tures separated by half the diameter of a punc- tively greater postocellar distance and greater ture, declivous lateral areas with smaller con- length of the third flagellar segment as compared fluent punctures; mesopleuron with continuous to the first also distinguish this species from M. crenulate groove above and anteriorly, disk with (D.) taprobane, new species, and M. (D.) kandyensis. punctures slightly larger than in M. (D.) taprobane, The sex association in M. ceylonica is based on mostly separated by 1 to 2 times the diameter of having collected a male in a Malaise trap, 22 Sep a puncture; propodeum without a median ridge, 1980, on the topmost ridge in Udawattakele Sanc- dorsal surface rounding gradually into posterior, tuary and the capture of a female on the ground, 14 Oct 1980, just a few meters from where the dorsal surface with several median longitudinal Malaise trap had been set. The dark brown tarsi rugulae, area laterad of these with small rugulose of both sexes also suggest that this association is reticulations, posteriorly with larger rugulose re- correct. The female is easily separated from that ticulations, posterior surface finely and irregularly of M. taprobane by the characters cited in the rugulose, lateral surface with a few coarse oblique foregoing key. rugulae on anterior half and very fine rugulose Putative host larvae include some eight taxa of reticulations on posterior half. Cicindelidae as listed in the discussion under Abdominal dorsum with fine punctures sepa- "Subfamily Methochinae." rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam- ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is based on eter of a puncture; genitalia indistinguishable one of the former names for its homeland. from those of M. (D.) taprobane (Figure 38). HOLOTYPE.—6, Sri Lanka, Central Province, FEMALE.—Unknown. Kandy District, Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctu- PARATYPE.—16*, same data as holotype but ary, 1800 ft, 3-5 Jun 1976, K.V. Krombein, P.B. Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, 1800 ft, in Ma- and S. Karunaratne, D.W. Balasooriya (USNM laise trap, 13-14 Aug 1973, G. Ekis et al. Type 100289). (USNM). The paratype is deposited in the Na- MALE.—Length 9.7 mm, forewing 7.2 mm. tional Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo). Black, apical half of mandible, except apex, and It is 8.1 mm long and is very similar in all tegula dark red, palpi testaceous, fore and mid details to the holotype except that there are two legs dark brown, the foretarsus lighter brown. relatively strong transverse rugulae separating the Vestiture glittering white, relatively dense, short dorsal and posterior surfaces of the propodeum. and suberect on head and thorax, sparser and NUMBER 374 99 subappressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigma fifth and sixth sterna chestnut. Vestiture sparse, dark brown, veins lighter brown. erect and black on top of head, thoracic dorsum Head width 1.4 times the height from apex of and first 2 terga, silvery and suberect on face and clypeus to anterior ocellus, interocular distance at third through fifth terga, the setae on those terga anterior ocellus 1.3 times least interocular dis- directed posteriorly. tance; malar space evanescent; clypeal process Head strongly narrowed behind eyes, ocelli in broad as in M. (D.) kandyensis, in profile beaklike an acute triangle, and front slightly concave in but stouter than in M. (D.) taprobane; punctation middle; head 2.7 times as wide as narrowest part of front as figured for those 2 species; ocellocular of front; apical margin of clypeal lobe slightly line 2.1 times the postocellar line; third flagellar emarginate; impressed supraclypeal area smooth, segment 1.1 times as long as second, 1.6 times as flat, higher than wide; antennal flagellum clavate long as first. toward apex; interocular distance at posterior Pronotal disk without an anterior ridge, this ocelli 1.5 times least interocular distance; lower area with a few transverse carinae behind which front with small punctures with a narrow strip of are fine punctures mostly separated by the di- fine punctures adjacent to eye, mostly separated ameter of a puncture; scutum with small punc- by about the diameter of a puncture; postocellar line 2.0 times lateral ocellar line and 1.1 times tures, anteriorly on middle of disk separated by ocellocular distance; vertex sparsely punctate. half the diameter of a puncture, laterad of this to parapsidal furrows with closer punctures, some of Pronotum 0.6 times as wide as head and 1.2 which are confluent transversely, area laterad of times propodeal width, disk convex and with parapsidal furrow with more separated punc- scattered fine punctures; scutum and scutellum tures; scutellar disk with small punctures sepa- with more scattered punctures than either pro- rated by half the diameter of a puncture, decli- notum or propodeum; mesopleuron with very scattered punctures. vous lateral areas with smaller confluent punc- tures; mesopleuron with continuous crenulate Abdominal terga with more scattered punc- groove anteriorly and above, surface of disk with tures than in M. taprobane, anterior third of third through fifth terga impunctate. small punctures mostly separated by half the diameter of a puncture; propodeum without a PARATYPES.—1<5, same locality as holotype but 13-14 Jul 1973, in Malaise trap, G. Ekis et al. median ridge, dorsal surface rounding gradually (USNM); \6, same locality as holotype but 22 into posterior, the juncture without transverse Sep 1980, in Malaise trap, K.V. Krombein; P.B. rugulae, middle of dorsal surface with a few Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, V. radiating rugulae, laterad of these the surface Gunawardane (USNM). EASTERN PROVINCE. Trin- shagreened and with small rugulose reticulations, comalee District: 1(5, Trincomalee, China Bay, 0- posterior surface with small rugulose reticulations 100 ft, 27-31 Jan 1977, K.V. Krombein, P. Fer- becoming weaker toward apex, lateral surface nando, D.W. Balasooriya, V. Gunawardane with close oblique rugulae on basal half, posterior (USNM). One paratype has been deposited in half with fine rugulose reticulations arranged in the National Museums of Sri Lanka (Colombo). oblique rows. The paratypes are 8.0-8.4 mm long and are Abdominal dorsum with fine puncture; sepa- very much like the holotype except that the tarsi rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam- are lighter brown in two specimens. eter of a puncture; genitalia (Figure 37). ALLOTYPE.—$, same locality as holotype, but 45. Methocha (Dryinopsis) anomaia, new 14 Oct 1980, K.V. Krombein (USNM). species FEMALE.—Length 5.0 mm. Black, glossy; man- dible red near tip; palpi testaceous; apical half of This species and M. (D.) ceylomca, new species, flagellum and tarsi dark brown; sixth tergum and differ from the other two Cevlonese males of the 100 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY subgenus in having the ocelli closer together so of parapsidal furrow with sparser finer punctures; that the ocellocular distance is twice or more the scutellar disk with small punctures separated by postocellar distance instead of being 1.5 times or half the diameter of a puncture, declivous lateral less. These two species also differ in having the areas with smaller confluent punctures; meso- lateral area of the dorsal propodeal surface pleuron with continuous crenulate groove above strongly shagreened and in having the cuspis of and anteriorly, disk with fine punctures mostly the genitalia digitate rather than blunt (cf. Fig- separated by 2 to 3 times the diameter of a ures 37, 38). The almost entirely light-red legs of puncture; propodeum without median ridge, dor- M. (D.) anomala separate it at once from M. (D.) sal and posterior surfaces rounding gradually into ceylonica which has almost entirely dark-brown each other and not separated by transverse ru- legs. gulae, central area with coarse, irregular rugulose Methocha anomala occurs in both the Dry Zone reticulations, lateral area strongly shagreened and and Wet Zone, in areas ranging from light to with fine rugulose reticulations laterally and pos- heavy rainfall. Putative host larvae include some teriorly, posterior surface with small rugulose re- eight taxa of Cicindelidae as noted in the discus- ticulations becoming weaker toward apex, lateral sion under "Subfamily Methochinae." surface with close oblique rugulae on anterior ETYMOLOGY.—The specific name is based on half, and fine rugulose reticulations tending to be the Greek anomalos (strange). in oblique rows on posterior half. HOLOTYPE.—S, Sri Lanka, Eastern Province, Abdominal dorsum with fine punctures sepa- Amparai District, Ekgal Aru Sanctuary Jungle, rated by one-and-a-half times to twice the diam- 100 m, in Malaise trap, 19-22 Feb 1977, K.V. eter of a puncture; genitalia indistinguishable Krombein, P.B. Karunaratne, P. Fernando, D.W. from those of M. (D.) ceylonica (Figure 37). Balasooriya (USNM Type 100290). FEMALE.—Unknown. MALE.—Length 8.5 mm, forewing 6.2 mm. PARATYPES.—CENTRAL PROVINCE. Kandy District: Black, palpi testaceous, the following light red: mandible except extreme base, tegula and legs. 1<3, Hasalaka Irrigation Bungalow, 5 mi NW of Vestiture glittering white, relatively dense, short Mahiyangana, in Malaise trap, 30 Mar-9 Apr and suberect on head and thorax, sparser and 1971, P. and P. Spangler, et al. (USNM); 16\ subappressed on abdomen. Wings clear, stigma same data but Kandy, Udawattakele Sanctuary, dark brown, veins light brown. 2100 ft, 20-30 Jul 1976, S. Karunaratne Head width 1.4 times height from apex of (USNM). SABARAGAMUWA PROVINCE. Ratnapura clypeus to fore ocellus, interocular distance at District: 16\ Sinharaja Jungle, 10 Sep 1979, P.B. anterior ocellus 1.3 times the least interocular Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. Jayawickrema, R. distance; malar space evanescent; clypeal process Subasinhe (USNM). SOUTHERN PROVINCE. Galle narrow, in profile beaklike; punctation of front as District: 16\ Kanneliya section of Sinharaja Jun- in \t. taprobane, new species (Figure 28), ocel- gle, in Malaise trap, 13-16 Jul 1978, K.V. Krom- locular line 2.5 times postocellar line; second and bein, P.B. and N. Karunaratne, T. Wijesinhe, L. third flagellar segments subequal, 1.5 times as Jayawickrema (USNM). A paratype has been long as first. placed in the National Museums of Sri Lanka Pronotal disk without anterior ridge, this area (Colombo). A male from Kandy, Jul 1910, O.S. with a few transverse carinae behind which are Wickwar (London), is not included in the type fine punctures mostly separated by diameter of a series because it lacks a head. puncture; scutum with small punctures, on raised The male paratypes are 8.0-8.5 mm long and median area these separated by half the diameter agree well in all details except that the tarsi of of a puncture, laterally and posteriorly the punc- the Udawattakele and Kanneliya specimens are tures subcontiguous except narrow areas laterad brown. NUMBER !574 101

Genus Karlissa Krombein antennal insertions; ocelli in an equilateral tri- angle; antenna as in Methocha subgenus Methocha. Karlissa Krombein, 1979:428 [type-species: Methoca [sic] ru- Thorax (Figure 26): scutum, scutellum, and gosa Cameron, by original designation]. mesopleuron completely fused, sutures absent that separate these sclerites in Methocha subgenus The species on which this unusual genus is Methocha; mesosternum with a small median fovea based has been known for more than eight dec- but without median carina, margined posteriorly ades only from the unique male type of M. rugosa by a weak carina before mid coxae; tibial calcaria Cameron from Ceylon. I recognized that it con- 1-1-1; outer surface of mid and hind tibiae with stituted a new genus of Methochinae when I a single preapical spine. studied the type in 1965. In proposing the genus Abdomen as in Methocha. Karlissa, I suggested that its rarity might be due to its leading an arboreal existence and that it 46. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron) might parasitize larvae of arboreal tiger beetles dwelling in borings in twigs and branches. FIGURES 24-27, 36 I searched unsuccessfully in Sri Lanka for Kar- Methoca [sic] rugosa Cameron, 1897:52, 53, pi. 4: fig. 11 [6: lissa during 11 trips from 1969 to 1980. Finally, Ceylon; type in Oxford University Museum].—Bingham. on my twelfth trip in 1981, a serendipitous event 1897:54 [<5; redescription of type]. occurred leading to the capture of the second Poecilotiphia (?) rugosa (Cameron).—Turner, 1908b: 131 [ten- male. I had been collecting small Hymenoptera tative generic assignment]. and Coleoptera in leaf litter on the downslope of Methocha rugosa Cameron.—Krombein, 1968:3 [confirmed as the bund at Palatupana tank. This is on the xeric Methochinae]. Karlissa rugosa (Cameron).—Krombein, 1979:431-433, figs. southeast coast of the Dry Zone and is a locality 1,2. where I had collected during eight previous trips. At 0915 bladder pressure from a diuretic caused This rare species was known only from the me to move 10 meters away beneath a ranawara unique holotype male until I captured a pair in tree. Just as I completed this urgent elimination, the Dry Zone in 1981. The type bears two labels, I noted a male Karlissa clinging to a low plant. a small square with a pencilled "11" probably Several minutes earlier or later and I might have referring to the figure accompanying the descrip- missed it. Two days later we captured the first tion and Cameron's label "Methoca/rugosa/ known female Karlissa crawling on a trunk of an Cam.Type." Cameron cited no collector and adjacent ranawara, as well as an adult flightless stated in his original decription that the specimen cicindelid, Tricondyla coriacea Chevrolat, its puta- came from Ceylon. His 1897 paper described a tive host. number of new Hymenoptera mostly from India, A generic diagnosis of the male was published but it included 22 species from Ceylon. Ten of in 1979, and the following diagnosis is presented these were cited as being from Trincomali (Yer- for the female. bury), six as Ceylon (Yerbury), and five as Ceylon FEMALE.—Head (Figures 24, 25): maxillary (Rothney); the sixteenth, M. rugosa, presumably palpus 6-segmented, labial palpus 4-segmented; was collected by either Yerbury or Rothney. mandible stout, concave on inner surface, apex My male was a teneral specimen clinging to a with 2 equal teeth (Figure 2bb); apical margin of plant beneath a ranawara tree (Cassia auriculata clypeus deeply and narrowly emarginate between Linnaeus, Leguminosae). It fell to the ground, median lobe and the greatly produced lateral and I picked it up. If my theory is correct that lobes; apex of labrum with a narrow lateral proc- Karlissa preys upon larvae of arboreal flightless- ess extending beyond margin of median clypeal cicindelids breeding in borings in twigs or lobe; front with a pair of acute tubercles above branches, then this male presumably fell onto the 102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY plant from a branch overhead. We found the Pronotum along midline 0.8 times as long as female two days later crawling downward on a scutum, median length two-thirds the anterior trunk of another ranawara about a meter above width, the latter about 0.7 times as wide as width the ground and a few meters from where the male at tegulae, disk anteriorly with strong ridge ex- had been captured. Earlier on this latter date I tending onto sides, anterior two-thirds of disk and collected an adult flightless cicindelid, Tricondyla sides with close transverse rugae which become coriacea Chevrolat, on the same tree; it is the oblique posteriorly on side, posterior third of putative host of Karlissa. dorsum smooth with scattered small punctures, The holotype is in reasonably good condition the pronotal dorsum sloping gradually upward to except that most of the flagellar segments are level of scutum; scutum somewhat irregularly, missing (note Cameron's figure) as well as the transversely rugose between parapsides which ex- terminal segment of left foretarsus, left mid and tend entire length of scutum, area between pa- hind tibiae and tarsi, and the right foretarsus rapsides and tegulae pitted; scutellum as long as except for the basal segment. Some vestiture, scutum, a median, coarsely pitted triangular area especially upon eyes, has been abraded, probably raised above the abruptly declivous smooth sides, the result of the specimen having been preserved the short posterior section also abruptly declivous in formalin or some other liquid preservative and with close, relatively small punctures; post- when collected. scutellum lying below the plane of the scutum- MALE.—Length 11-15 mm, forewing 8-9 mm. scutellum, anteriorly on median half with a nar- Black, glossy; mandible, scape, fore trochanter, row, deep depression, posteriorly in middle with femur and tibia darker red than palpi, antennal small, close pits, laterally declivous and with a pedicel and first 4 flagellar segments which are few oblique rugulae; mesopleuron anteriorly and lighter red; fifth flagellar segment infuscated at above with a strong continuous ridge, upper two- apex above; apex of pronotum narrowly reddened thirds and posterior third coarsely pitted, more or in type as are outer and hind margins of tegula less longitudinally on upper two-thirds, a deeply in both specimens. Forewing hyaline to basal impressed, narrow, longitudinal, densely haired vein, the apical half infuscate; apical third of fossa on median third below the upper pitted hind wing infuscate. Vestiture on front relatively area; mesosternum slightly concave along midline dense, subappressed and golden, that on thorax and with a deep, narrow apical fossa, a few short, sparse, suberect and glittering white; discal ves- transverse rugulae anteriorly, punctate and pitted titure on abdomen sparse, suberect and white elsewhere, at apex with short, strong transverse except apices of segments with a single row of carina before each mid coxa; metapleuron longi- subappressed black setae; setae on eyes short, tudinally rugulose; metasternum at apex with a relatively dense. pair of narrowly separated, short ligulate pro- Head in frontal view with punctation and ves- cesses, each overlying the inner ventral angle of titure as figured (Figure 27); clypeal keel very hind coxa; dorsum of propodeum flat, lower than compressed; first 8 flagellar segments relatively postscutellum, a median triangular areola formed shorter and broader than in other male metho- by 2 strong rugulae nearly joined at base and chines; malar space very narrow; ocelli normal in diverging toward apex, area within areola with a size, arranged in a low triangle, the lateral ocellar few irregularly transverse rugulae, horizontal area distance two-thirds the postocellar distance and laterad of areola with coarse rugulae forming half the ocellocular distance; no groove behind irregular pits, the horizontal surface posteriorly posterior ocelli; the vertex and upper temples with a strong, erect ruga; lateral surface of pro- with relatively scattered punctures; lower temples podeum with strong, relatively close, oblique, and genae closely punctate; head behind hypos- somewhat irregular rugulae; posterior surface of tomal area transversely rugose. propodeum abruptly declivous, with about 12 NUMBER 374 103

rugulae radiating outwardly from below, the me- FEMALE.—Length 5.7 mm. Black, glossy, the dian rugula the strongest. following chestnut: palpi, mandible, scape, pedi- Declivous anterior area of first abdominal ter- cel, first 5 flagellar segments, apices of coxae, and gum smooth, anterior half of dorsal surface irreg- trochanters. Vestiture glittering white, erect, ularly, longitudinally rugulose, the remainder moderately long and sparse. smooth except for an apical row of small punc- Head (Figures 24, 25) width 2.3 times least tures and laterally with larger punctures becom- interocular distance; clypeus without a median ing more crowded at side; second through sixth swelling, apical margin deeply and narrowly terga each with a deep, curved, subbasal groove emarginate between the median lobe and the bearing close, short, longitudinal rugulae, these strongly produced lateral lobe; front with a pair terga each with apical row of small punctures, of acute tubercles above antennal insertions; smooth medially, and laterally with larger punc- ocelli in an equilateral triangle, postocellar dis- tures becoming denser toward sides; seventh ter- tance half the ocellocular distance; front and gum rounded and with scattered larger punc- vertex with small, scattered punctures. tures, pygidial area absent; first sternum ante- Thorax in profile (Figure 26); pronotum half riorly with strong transverse ridge from which as wide as head and 1.2 times propodeal width, extends a median ridge becoming gradually the disk convex and with scattered minute punc- weaker and ending about three-fourths the length of segment, the surface elsewhere with coarse, tures; scutum and scutellum fused, rounded in close pits becoming more separated toward apex; profile, surface with scattered minute punctures; second sternum with large, subcontiguous punc- mesopleuron smooth with minute scattered punc- tures and an apical row of close small ones; third tures; propodeum similarly punctate. through sixth sterna each with a deep, curved, Abdomen with denser though still quite sepa- subbasal groove, wider than those on terga, and rated small punctures. each with close, short, longitudinal rugulae, each SPECIMENS EXAMINED.—SOUTHERN PROVINCE. of these sterna with an apical row of close, small Hambantota District: 16, Palatupana tank, 10-20 punctures, elsewhere with scattered, larger punc- m, 31 Mar 1981, K.V. Krombein (USNM); 1$, tures which are denser anteriorly and laterally; same locality but 2 Apr 1981, K.V. Krombein seventh sternum with closer larger punctures, and T. Wijesinhe (USNM). slightly notched apically in middle, punctate at MISCELLANEOUS. 16*, no locality label but stated base and with a lateral carina extending two- to be from Ceylon in original description (Ox- thirds the distance to apex; genitalia (Figure 36). ford). Literature Cited

Adlerz, G. Region. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 1903. La Proie de Methoca ichneumonides Latr. Arkiv for 7,5:17-41. Zoologi, 1:255-258. Dalla Torre, K.W. von 1905. Methoca ichneumonides Latr., dess lefnadsatt och rut- 1897. Fossores (Sphegidae). In Catalogus Hymenoplerorum, vecklingsstadier. Arkiv for Zoologi, 3(4): 1-48, 1 8: 749 pages. Leipzig. plate. Guerin-Meneville, F.-E. Allen, H.W. 1837. Prodrome d'une monographic des Myzines. In 1969. Redescriptions of Types of Tiphiinae from Asia, Dictionnairepittoresque d'histoire naturelle, 5:575-585. Africa, Oceania in the British Museum (NH) and Paris. at Oxford University. Transactions of the American Guiglia, D. Entomological Society, 95:353-438. 1965. Hymenoptera Scolioidea. In Risultati scientifici 1975. The Genus Tiphia of the Indian Subcontinent. della spedizione del Dr. Fred. Keiser alHsola di United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bul- Ceylon. Verhandlungen Naturforschende Gesellschaft in letin, 1509: 96 pages, 6 plates. Basel, 76:315-324, 4 figures. Allen, H.W., and H.A. Jaynes Hedicke, H. 1930. Contribution to the Taxonomy of Asiatic Wasps 1936. Tiphiidae. In Hymenopterorum Catalogus, part 1, 32 of the Genus Tiphia (Scoliidae). Proceedings of the pages. United States National Museum, 76(17): 1-105, plates Krombein, K.V. 1-4. 1937. Studies in the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera Aculeata), Baltazar, C. I: A Review of the Genera of Myzininae. Annals of 1966. A Catalogue of Philippine Hymenoptera (with a the Entomological Society of America, 30:27-30. Bibliography, 1758-1963). Pacific Insects Mono- 1938. Corrections and Additions to a Recent Catalog of graph, 8: 488 pages. the Tiphiidae (Hymenoptera). Entomological News, Bingham, C.T. 49:184-189. 1896. A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymen- 1968. Studies in the Tiphiidae, X: Hylomesa, a New opterous Fauna of Ceylon. Proceedings of the Zoolog- Genus of Myzinine Wasp Parasitic on Larvae of ical Society of London, 26:401-459, plate 15. Longicorn Beetles (Hymenoptera). Proceedings of 1897. The Fauna of British India Including Ceylon and Burma: the United States National Museum, 124(3644): 22 Hymenoptera, 1 (Wasps and Bees). 579 pages, 189 pages, 5 figures, 1 plate. figures, 4 plates. London. 1979. Studies in the Tiphiidae, XII: A New Genus of Brothers, D.J. Methochinae with Notes on the Subgenera of 1975. Phylogeny and Classification of the Aculeate Hy- Methocha (Latreille) (Hymenoptera Aculeata). Pro- menoptera, with Special Reference to the Mutil- ceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, lidae. The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 81:424-434,5 figures. 50:483-648, 101 figures. Magretti, P. Cameron, P. 1892. Viaggio di Leonarda Fea in Birmanie e regioni 1892. Hymenoptera Orientalis, or Contributions to a vicine, XLIII: Imenotteri, parte prima, Mutillidei, Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Indian Scoliidei, Tifiidei, Tinnidei colla descrizione di Zoological Region, Part 4: Scoliidae. Memoirs and parecchie nuove specie. Annali del Museo Civico di Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Storia Naturelle di Genova, (2)12:197-266, 1 plate. Society, 5(4):97-137. Maxwell-Lefroy, H. 1897. Hymenoptera Orientalis, or Contributions to a 1909. Indian Insect Life: A Manual of the Insects of the Plains Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the Oriental (Tropical India). 786 pages, 536 figures, 84 colored Zoological Region, Part VII. Memoirs and Proceed- plates. London: W. Thacker & Co. ings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society,Motschulsky, V. de 42(11): 84 pages, plate 4. 1863. Essai d'un catalogue des insectes de l'ile Ceylan, 1900. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Acu- VI: Hymenopteres. Bulletin de la Socie'te Impenale des leate Hymenoptera from the Oriental Zoological Naturalistes de Moscou, 36:11-73, plate 2.

104 NUMBER 374 105

Nurse, C.G. the Mammalia, Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, etc., 1902. New Species of Indian Hymenoptera.yourna/o/^ Including a Monograph of the Elephant and a Description Bombay Natural History Society, 14:79-92, 1 plate. of the Modes of Capturing and Training It. 500 pages, Roberts, R. many unnumbered illustrations. London. 1930. Seven New Names in the Genus Tiphia (Hy- Turner, R.E. menoptera, Scoliidae). Canadian Entomologist 1908a. Additions to the Hymenopterous Genera Myzine 62:189-190. and Plesia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Rohwer, S.A. series 8, 1:497-514. 1921. The Philippine Wasps of the Subfamilies Scoliinae 1908b. Remarks on the Hymenopterous Genus Tiphia. and Elidinae. Philippine Journal of Science, 19:75-90. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8, Shelford, R. 2:116-131. 1905. [Untitled note on larvae of Collyris emarginatus Dej. 1911. New Hymenoptera from Ceylon: Mutillidae and and of Mormolyce. ] Transactions of the Entomological Scoliidae. Spolia Zeylanica, 7:152, 153. Society of London, 1905:lxxii-lxxiii. 1912. Studies in the Fossorial Wasps of the Family Sco- 1907. The Larva of Collyris emarginatus Dej. Transactions liidae, Subfamilies Elidinae and Anthoboscinae. of the Entomological Society of London, 1907:83-90, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, plate in. 1912:696-754. 3 plates. Smith, F. 1918. Notes on Fossorial Hymenoptera, XXXII: On 1855. Catalogue of Hymenopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, III. 206 pages, 5 plates. New Species in the British Museum. Annals and 1879. Descriptions of New Species of Hymenoptera in the Col- Magazine of Natural History, series 9, 1:86-96. lection of the British Museum. 240 pages. Walker, F. Tennent, J.E. 1859. Characters of Some Apparently Undescribed Cey- 1861. Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon with Narratives lon Insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, and Anecdotes Illustrative of the Habits and Instincts of series 3, 4:370-376. 106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 14.—Dorsal aspect; external surface of mid tibia (a); external surface of hind tibia (b); tarsal claw (c). Anthobosca ceylonica, new species: 1, male; 2, female. Tiphia consueta Smith: 3, male; 4, female. NUMBER 374 107

FIGURES 5-8.—Dorsal aspect; external surface of mid tibia (a); external surface of hind tibia (b); tarsal claw (c). Mesa clanpennis (Bingham): 5, male; 6, female. Methocha (Slethocha) ubiquita, new species: 7, male; 8, female. 108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

11

FIGURES 9-11.—Male genitalia, internal aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center), external aspect (right): 9, Anthobosca ceylomca, new species; 10, Mesa dimidiaia (Guerin); 11, Mesa claripenms (Bingham). NUMBER 374 109

14

FIGURES 12-14.—Male genitalia, internal aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center), external aspect (right): 12, Mesa petwlata (Smith); 13, Mesaflavipenms, new species; 14, Mesa karunaratnei, new species. no SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

19

FIGURES 15-20. — Dorsal aspect of $ head (top), frontal view of $ head (center), lateral aspect of 9 thorax (bottom): 15-17, Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species (scale for 16 same as 15); 18 20, Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species (scale for 19 same as 18). NUMBER 574 111

25b 22

23 26

FIGURES 21-26.—Dorsal aspect of $ head (top), frontal view of 9 head (center), lateral aspect of $ thorax (bottom): 21-23, Melhocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species (scale for 22 same as 21); 24-26, Karlissa rugosa (Cameron) (25b, inner surface of mandible; scale for 25 same as 24). 112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 27-32.—Frontal aspect of 6 head: 27, Karlissa rugosa (Cameron); 28, Methocha (Dryi- nopsis) taprobane, new species; 29, Methocha (Dryinopsis) kandyensis, new species; 30, Methocha (Methocha) ubiquita, new species; 31, Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species; 32, Methocha (Methocha) htoralis, new species. (Insets are lateral aspects of clypeal processes.) NUMBER 374 113

FIGURES 33-35.—Male genitalia, external aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (left center), ventral aspect of aedeagus (right center), internal aspect (right): 33, Methocha (Methocha) ubiqmta, new species; 34, Methocha (Methocha) heveli, new species; 35, Methocha (Methocha) litoralis, new species. 114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

38

FIGURES 36 38.—Male genitalia, external aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center, Figure 36; left center. Figures 37, 38), ventral aspect (right center, Figures 37, 38), internal aspect (right): 36, Karlissa rugosa (Cameron); 37, Melhocha (Dryinopsis) ceylonica, new species; 38, Methocha (Dryinopsis) taprobane, new species. NUMBER 374 115

40

FIGURES 39, 40.—Male genitalia, internal aspect (left), profile of aedeagus (center), external aspect (right): 39, Hylomesa longiceps (Turner); 40, Hylomesa anomala, new species. 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 41-48.—Tiphia species: 41, T. consuela Smith, $, part of thoracic dorsum with wings removed showing normal tegula (te), X 90; 42, T. oswini Turner, <5, part of thoracic dorsum with wings removed showing elongate tegula (te), X 70; 43, T. hiraskimai, new species, $, inner surface of hind basitarsus showing groove (gr), X 60; 44, T. decrescens Walker, $, inner surface of hind basitarsus showing absence of groove, X 100; 45, T. hirashimai, new species, 9, inner surface of hind tibia showing ridge (ri), X 40; 46, T. decrescens Walker, ?, inner surface of hind tibia showing lack of ridge, X 75; 47, T. hirashimai, new species, 9, outer surface of hind tibia showing normal, more slender tibia, X 35; 48, T. decrescens Walker, $, outer surface of hind tibia showing inflated tibia, X 75.

1 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 49-56.— Tiphia species: 49, T. hirashimai, new species, 9, lower face showing broadly rounded clypeal lobe (cl), X 40; 50, T. decrescens Walker, 9, lower face showing normal narrow clypeal lobe (cl), X 75; 51, T. decrescens Walker, 9, part of thoracic dorsum with wings removed showing quinquecarinate propodeal areola (ar) and submarginal carina (sc), X 40; 52, T. consueta Smith, 9, part of thoracic dorsum with wings removed showing normal tricarinate propodeal areola (ar) and lack of submarginal carina, X 35; 53, T. hirsuta Smith, <5, abdominal dorsum showing abnormally hirsute condition, X 20; 54, T. oswini Turner,

120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY

FIGURES 57 64.—Males of Ttphia species: 57, T. decrescens Walker, lateral aspect of abdominal apex showing dense tuft (tu) of suberect hair on sixth sternum, X 80; 58, T. nilgirensis Allen, lateral aspect of abdominal apex showing absence of dense tuft of suberect hair on sixth sternum, X 85; 59, T. hirashimai, new species, lower face showing strong subapical denticle (de) on mandible, X 55; 60, T. wittmeri, new species, lower face showing weak subapical denticle (de) on mandible, X 75; 61,7". consueta Smith, lower face showing absence of subapical denticle on mandible, X 55; 62, T. nilgirensis Allen, lower face showing well-developed preapical denticle (de) on mandible, X 65; 63, T. decrescens Walker, lower face, X 70; 64, T. hirsuta Smith, lower face showing abnormally dense vestiture, X 45.

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