Nutritional Rickets
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Figuration. One Might Be Inclined to Explain This
DR. E. HUGHES: CRANIOTABES OF THE FŒTUS AND INFANT. 1045 .experiments of Neuschlosz,40 who found that an emulsion of lecithin in water possesses a surface CRANIOTABES OF THE FŒTUS AND tension dependent on the amount of Ca present. INFANT. Too much or too little Ca had the same effect. In the therapeutic application of lime salts one also BY EDMUND HUGHES, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. LOND often notices opposite effects according to the amount used. IN a previous paper 1 I recorded some results of a To return for a moment t,o what Prof. Bayliss has clinical inquiry into this subject. The account then .called the " Clowes’s effect," it would seem that the given was composed under the combined disadvantages is view of the American author strongly supported of military service and paper shortage ; and this was by our experiments on the stereo-isomeric sugars. unfortunate, because the contentious nature of We have seen that pores are left between the oil- certain of the findings called for their rather full that ,drops, and it is obvious these pores, because presentment. I shall therefore make no apology they are subjected to the surface tension at the for re-stating these findings in somewhat more boundary, assume varying shapes. Now pores of a adequate form. could allow a con- definite shape sugars of definite Broadly, the position then reached was that the figuration-e.g., lævulose-to pass through, while recognised " craniotabes " arising during the first holding back sugars-e.g., glucose--of another con- few months of infancy is in many, and probably in be inclined figuration. -
The Etiology and Significance of Fractures in Infants and Young Children: a Critical Multidisciplinary Review
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294922302 The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: a critical multidisciplinary review Article in Pediatric Radiology · February 2016 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3546-6 CITATIONS READS 6 193 11 authors, including: Stephen D Brown Laura L Hayes Boston Children's Hospital The Children's Hospital at Sacred Heart, Pen… 53 PUBLICATIONS 493 CITATIONS 25 PUBLICATIONS 122 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Michael Alan Levine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 486 PUBLICATIONS 14,224 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: ACR Appropriateness Criteria - Pediatric Panel View project The Program to Enhance Relational and Communication Skills (PERCS): A simulation-based, experiential approach for learning about challenging conversations in healthcare View project All content following this page was uploaded by Michael Alan Levine on 25 February 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Pediatr Radiol DOI 10.1007/s00247-016-3546-6 REVIEW The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: a critical multidisciplinary review Sabah Servaes1 & Stephen D. Brown 2 & Arabinda K. Choudhary3 & Cindy W. Christian 4 & Stephen L. Done5 & Laura L. Hayes6 & Michael A. Levine4 & Joëlle A. Moreno7 & Vincent J. Palusci 8 & Richard M. Shore 9 & Thomas L. Slovis10 Received: 21 December 2015 /Accepted: 13 January 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract This paper addresses significant misconceptions re- vitamin D in bone health and the relationship between garding the etiology of fractures in infants and young children vitamin D and fractures. -
Brain Growth in Children with Marasmus
Upsala J Med Sci 79: 116-128, 1974 Brain Growth in Children with Marasmus A Study Using Head Circumference Measurement, Transillumination and Ultrasonic Echo Ventriculography GUNNAR ENGSNER,2 SHOADAGNE BELETE,' IRENE SJOGREN2 and BO VAHLQUIST' From the Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, I and the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals2Uppsala, Sweden ABSTRACT (I) To measure the brain size in marasmic in- Brain growth was studied by making simultaneous meas- fants and children by simultaneously recording the urements of head circumference, transillumination and head circumference and performing transillumina- lateral ventricle indices in 102 children aged 2-24 months tion and echo encephalography. suffering from marasmus. The head circumference was (2) To demonstrate whether or not, in infants significantly reduced, transillumination showed a slight- with marasmus aged less than six months, a re- to-moderate increase in the children 6-24 months of age, and echo encephalography showed a normal lateral ven- cordable improvement in brain size takes place tricle index. The results indicate a reduction of brain during nutrition rehabilitation. size which (particularly after the first 6 months of age) goes slightly beyond what may be inferred from the head circumference per se. The interpretation of the results, MATERIAL especially the relation between head circumference and brain size, is discused. Definition of marasmus The criteria used for including children in the study were as follows: In cases of severe protein-calorie malnutrition (a) Weight for age below 60% of the Boston standard (PCM) of the marasmus type, there is not only a (50% percentile) and no apparent oedema, i.e. -
Pediatrics Curriculum 2017
“As to diseases, make a habit of two things — to help, or at least, to do no harm.” ― Hippocrates . 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Table of Contents 2. Description 3. Requirements 4. Materials 5. Evaluation and Grading 6. History and Physical Template 7. Goals and Objectives i. Medical Knowledge: i. Week 1: Recommended Review Topic Objectives ii. Week 2: Recommended Review Topic Objectives iii. Week 3: Recommended Review Topic Objectives iv. Week 4: Recommended Review Topic Objectives ii. Patient Care: iii. Interpersonal and Communication Skills: iv. Practice-Based Learning and Improvement: v. Systems-Based Practice: vi. Professionalism vii. Osteopathic Philosophy and Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine 8. Required Reading 9. Supplemental Reading and Learning Resources 10. Pediatric Journals 11. Shelf and Board Exams 2 DESCRIPTION Pediatrics (Third Year): 1 block rotation (4 weeks): During your 4 week rotation Pediatrics rotation you are expected to meet and exceed the following requirements and challenge yourself, to be proactive learners and ask questions. The role of the pediatrician in prevention of disease and injury and the importance of collaboration between the pediatrician and other health professionals is stressed. Pediatrics involves recognition of normal and abnormal mental and physical development as well as the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic problems. As one of the core clerkships during the third year of medical school, pediatrics shares with family medicine, internal medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, psychiatry, and surgery the common responsibility to teach the knowledge, skills and attitudes basic to the development of a competent general physician. Most students will spend most of their time in the outpatient setting while others might take care of patients on the inpatient setting as well. -
Benign Neonatal Shudders, Shivers, Jitteriness, Or Tremors
Benign Neonatal Shudders, Shivers, Jitteriness,Millicent Collins, MD, Michal Young, or MD Tremors: Early Signs of Vitamin D Deficiencyabstract Jitteriness and tremors in the newborn period typically precipitate an extensive, invasive, and expensive search for the etiology. Vitamin D deficiency has not been historically included in the differential of tremors. We report a shivering, jittery newborn who was subjected to a battery of testing, with the only biochemical abnormality being vitamin D deficiency. A second case had chin tremors and vitamin D deficiency. Review of our patients suggests that shudders, shivers, jitteriness, or tremors may be the earliest sign of vitamin D deficiency in the newborn. Neonates who present with these signs should be investigated for vitamin D deficiency. Department of Pediatrics, Howard University College of Shudders, shivers, jitteriness, sepsis, seizure, or neurologic Medicine and Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia and tremors are terms used to disorder. Vitamin D deficiency has Dr Collins provided 1 case report, drafted the describe excessive movements in not been historically included in initial manuscript, and reviewed and revised the neonates. These terms, although the differential of such movements; manuscript: Dr Young conceptualized this case report, provided 1 case report, and reviewed used interchangeably, are defined however, vitamin D deficiency is the manuscript; and both authors approved the variably, depending on the author. common in pregnant women (5% to final manuscript as submitted and agree to be Jittery is a term used to describe 50%) and in breastfed infants (10% accountable for all aspects of the work. a series of recurrent tremors in to 56%), despite the widespread use DOI: https:// doi. -
Nutritional Rickets a REVIEW of DISEASE BURDEN, CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION and TREATMENT
Nutritional rickets A REVIEW OF DISEASE BURDEN, CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Nutritional rickets A REVIEW OF DISEASE BURDEN, CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND TREATMENT Nutritional rickets: a review of disease burden, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment ISBN 978–92–4-151658–7 © World Health Organization 2019 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. Nutritional rickets: a review of disease burden, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. -
Incidence of Ricket Clinical Symptoms and Relation Between Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Infants
PROFESSIONAL ARTICLES INCIDENCE OF RICKET CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND RELATION BETWEEN CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FINDINGS IN INFANTS KORESPONDENT MIROSLAV POPOVIĆ AUTHORS Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Prištini, Kosovska Mitrovica, Srbija [email protected] Čukalović M., Krdžić-Milovanović J., Odalović A., Jakšić D. Children’s clinic, Medical Faculty Pristina, Kosovska Mitrovica SUMMARY Rickets presents osteomalacia which is developed due to negative balance of calcium and / or phosphorus during growth and development. Therefore it appears only in children. The most common reason of insufficient mineraliza- tion is deficiency of vitamin D, which is necessary for inclusion of calcium in cartilage and bones. As result, prolifera- tion of cartilage and bone tissue appears, creating calluses on typical places. Bones become soft and curve, resulting in deformities. Our present study included 86 infants, in whom, besides other diseases, clinical and laboratory signs of rickets were identified. In our study, rickets is most common (82.5%) in infants older than 6 months. By clinical pic- ture, craniotabes is present in 46.5% of cases, Harisson groove in 26.7%, rachitic bracelets in 17.4%, rachitic rosary in 17.4% and carpopedal spasms in 2.3% of cases. Leading biochemical signs of vitamin D deficient rickets is hypophos- phatemia (in 87.3% of cases), normal calcemia (in 75.6% of cases) and increased values of alkaline phosphatase (in 93% of cases). It has been shown that rickets in infant age may later affect higher incidence of juvenile diabetes, infection of lower respiratory tract, osteoporosis, and so on. Keywords: rickets, children, vitamin D. INTRODUCTION calcium and phosphorus, pathogenesis of rickets is most often based on insufficient interstitial absorption of Rickets is bone disease which leads to improper these two elements as a result of deficit in vitamin D and its metabolites [4]. -
Resurrection of Vitamin D Deficiency and Rickets
Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets Michael F. Holick J Clin Invest. 2006;116(8):2062-2072. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI29449. Science in Medicine The epidemic scourge of rickets in the 19th century was caused by vitamin D deficiency due to inadequate sun exposure and resulted in growth retardation, muscle weakness, skeletal deformities, hypocalcemia, tetany, and seizures. The encouragement of sensible sun exposure and the fortification of milk with vitamin D resulted in almost complete eradication of the disease. Vitamin D (where D represents D2 or D3) is biologically inert and metabolized in the liver to 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], the major circulating form of vitamin D that is used to determine vitamin D status. 25(OH)D is activated in the kidneys to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], which regulates calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency has again become an epidemic in children, and rickets has become a global health issue. In addition to vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency and acquired and inherited disorders of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolism cause rickets. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D in the prevention of rickets and its importance in the overall health and welfare of infants and children. Find the latest version: https://jci.me/29449/pdf Science in medicine Resurrection of vitamin D deficiency and rickets Michael F. Holick Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Diabetes, and Vitamin D, Skin and Bone Research Laboratory, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. The epidemic scourge of rickets in the 19th century was caused by vitamin D deficiency due to inadequate sun exposure and resulted in growth retardation, muscle weakness, skeletal deformi- ties, hypocalcemia, tetany, and seizures. -
The Uses of Rickets: Race, Technology, and the Politics of Preventive Medicine in the Early Twentieth Century
Yale University EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library School of Medicine 2008 The sesU of Rickets: Race, Technology, and the Politics of Preventive Medicine in the Early Twentieth Century M. Allison Arwady Yale University Follow this and additional works at: http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Arwady, M. Allison, "The sU es of Rickets: Race, Technology, and the Politics of Preventive Medicine in the Early Twentieth Century" (2008). Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library. 390. http://elischolar.library.yale.edu/ymtdl/390 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Medicine at EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library by an authorized administrator of EliScholar – A Digital Platform for Scholarly Publishing at Yale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Uses of Rickets: Race, Technology, and the Politics of Preventive Medicine in the Early Twentieth Century A Thesis Submitted to the Yale University School of Medicine In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine by M. Allison Arwady 2008 THE USES OF RICKETS: RACE, TECHNOLOGY, AND THE POLITICS OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY. M. Allison Arwady (Sponsored by John H. Warner). Department of the History of Medicine, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT. Rickets, the bone disease classically caused by Vitamin D deficiency, was one of the most common diseases of children 100 years ago. -
PEDIATRICS in Last Minutes
Prelims_2.pdf Chapter-01_Pediatrics in Last Minutes.pdf Chapter-02_Pre Neet Pediatric Questions.pdf Chapter-03_Pre Neet Pediatric Answers.pdf Chapter-04_Previous Years Questions of DNB.pdf Pre NEET Pediatrics Taruna Mehra MBBS MD PEDIATRICS (MAMC) ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • Panama City • London • Dhaka • Kathmandu ® Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc. 83, Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama Phone: +44-2031708910 Phone: +507-301-0496 Fax: +02-03-0086180 Fax: +507-301-0499 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 17/1-B Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali Shorakhute, Kathmandu Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Nepal Bangladesh Phone: +00977-9841528578 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2013, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the author contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the author(s) specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. -
A Note on Theclinical Diagnosis of Rickets In
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.1.1.33 on 1 January 1926. Downloaded from A NOTE ON THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF RICKETS IN INFANCY. BY HELEN MACKAY, M.D., M.R.C.P. The (liagnosis of rickets may be base(d Otn anly one of the following: (1) Examinationi of the blood, i.e., estimation of the blood phosphorus and 1)l10(1 calciumn; (2) histological or (3) ra(liographic examination of the bones; (4) clinical examination of the patienit. It w6uld1 seem probable that (lefective laying (dOwn of calcium in tlle growing bones results from an upset in the balance an(l the absolute amounts of the calcium and phlosphlorus salts in the blood, so that presumably the earliest dliagnosis will in the future be base(d on blood examination and not on the secondary changes in the bones. Howlandl and Kramer claim that if the calcium concentration multiplied by the phosphorus concentration in milligrams per 100 cc. is less than 30, there is always rickets present, that if this figure is between 30 an(l 40 the rickets is slight or healing. In the present stage of our knowledlge, however, the generally accepted criterion of rickets is the histol)ogical one, i.e., the presenceeof excessive osteoi(d tissue, irregularity of the columns of cartilage cells, (lisorganisation at thle epiphysial line and( other pathological chatnges in the growing bones. As the bones, however, cannot be examined histologically (luring life, we are usually depen(lent on the evi(lence of changes reveale(d either by radiographic or by clinical examination-and these must of necessity be grosser and later manifestations of the (lisease than those revealed by microscopic examination. -
ORAL MANIFESTATIONS of NURITIONAL DISEASES in CHILDREN Maria Bolat1, Madalina Ionela Chiriac2, Laura Trandafir3*, Anamaria Ciubara3, Smaranda Diaconescu3
Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Vol. 8, No. 2, April - June 2016 ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF NURITIONAL DISEASES IN CHILDREN Maria Bolat1, Madalina Ionela Chiriac2, Laura Trandafir3*, Anamaria Ciubara3, Smaranda Diaconescu3 1. “Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași, Romania, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials 2. MD, Endocrinology Department of Clinical County Emergency Hospital, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania 3. “Gr. T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iași, Romania, Mother and Child Department of Psychiatry *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] , tel. +40.232 ABSTRACT Examination of the oral cavity can reveal signs and symptoms of immunologic diseases, endocrinopathies, hematologic conditions, systemic infections, and nutritional disorders. Iron deficiency anemia is present particularly in developing countries and characteristic oral manifestations include mucosal pallor, atrophic glossitis, and candidiasis. Vitamin D deficiency rickets occur in children between 3 months and 2 years old, as well as in teenagers during growth spurts which require high levels of calcium and phosphorus. The occurrence of cavities is also enabled by enamel dysplasia caused by malnutrition in the first years of life, this being a location of choice for the occurrence of cavities. Oral manifestations of malnutrition include aphthous stomatitis and atrophic glossitis caused by anemia and avitaminoses. The oral cavity plays an important part in many physiological processes represented by digestion,