PEDIATRICS in Last Minutes

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

PEDIATRICS in Last Minutes Prelims_2.pdf Chapter-01_Pediatrics in Last Minutes.pdf Chapter-02_Pre Neet Pediatric Questions.pdf Chapter-03_Pre Neet Pediatric Answers.pdf Chapter-04_Previous Years Questions of DNB.pdf Pre NEET Pediatrics Taruna Mehra MBBS MD PEDIATRICS (MAMC) ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • Panama City • London • Dhaka • Kathmandu ® Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Headquarters Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 4838/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj New Delhi 110 002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357 Fax: +91-11-43574314 Email: [email protected] Overseas Offices J.P. Medical Ltd Jaypee-Highlights Medical Publishers Inc. 83, Victoria Street, London City of Knowledge, Bld. 237, Clayton SW1H 0HW (UK) Panama City, Panama Phone: +44-2031708910 Phone: +507-301-0496 Fax: +02-03-0086180 Fax: +507-301-0499 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd 17/1-B Babar Road, Block-B, Shaymali Shorakhute, Kathmandu Mohammadpur, Dhaka-1207 Nepal Bangladesh Phone: +00977-9841528578 Mobile: +08801912003485 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Website: www.jaypeedigital.com © 2013, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the publisher. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] This book has been published in good faith that the contents provided by the author contained herein are original, and is intended for educational purposes only. While every effort is made to ensure accuracy of information, the publisher and the author(s) specifically disclaim any damage, liability, or loss incurred, directly or indirectly, from the use or application of any of the contents of this work. If not specifically stated, all figures and tables are courtesy of the author(s). Where appropriate, the readers should consult with a specialist or contact the manufacturer of the drug or device. Pre NEET Pediatrics First Edition: 2013 ISBN : 978-93-5090-314-8 Printed at Dedication I dedicate my work to my teachers,my parents and most importantly my patients. Preface Why should I change anything in your life till the time you decide to change yourself… Quran With the challenging task ahead in month of November and December with all the major exams within a period of 20 days, the committee has decided to release Pre NEET Pediatrics inclusive of DNB questions and important last minute revision points so that you are confident in attempting maximum questions in all the exams.This book has been written keeping in mind that maximum time taken to revise pediatrics is less than one day. All the best may God help you cross the bridge Taruna Mehra “Do not count the days make the days count” From the Publisher’s Desk We request all the readers to provide us their valuable suggestions/errors (if any) at: [email protected] so as to help us in further improvement of this book in the subsequent edition. Contents 1. Pediatrics in Last Minutes .......................... 1 – 65 2. Pre NEET Pediatric Questions .................... 66 – 77 3. Pre NEET Pediatric Answers....................... 78 – 150 4. Previous Year’s Questions of DNB.............. 151 – 174 PEDIATRICS in Last Minutes Developmental Milestones Age Gross motor Fine motor Language Social 1 mo Momentarily lifts Has tight grasp, Responds to Regards face head when prone follows objects sound of bell intently to midline 2 mo Holds head in No longer Smiles after Recognize midline. Lifts clenches fist being stoked or parent, social chest when prone tightly, follows talked to smile objects past midline Follows moving Coos (produces Reaches for 3 mo Head holding objects in a vowel sounds familiar people achieved circular fashion, in a musical or objects, converges and fashion), laughs anticipates focuses aloud feeding 4-5 mo Rolls over, sits Grasps objects/ Orients to Enjoys looking with support rattle crudely voice/bell around (localizes environment laterlly); "ahgoo", razzes 6 mo Takes foot to Transfers Babbles Stranger mouth, lifts head objects from anxiety, smiles and upper chest one hand to back at mirror with support another image of self Uses pincer Responds to Responds to 9 mo Sits unassisted (8 grasp, probes name, says social play, mo), Crawls, with forefinger, mama/dada plays pat-a- cruises, pulls to holds feeding (non-specific) cake, starts to stand bottle explore environment (9-10 mo) Contd... 2 Pre-NEET Pediatrics Contd... Age Gross motor Fine motor Language Social 10 mo Pulls from supine Understands to to sitting; from some "mama" sitting to standing, stands holding furniture 12 mo Gives hand held Says 'mama, Imitates actions objects to dada' (specific) mother when asked, turns 2-3 pages at a time 15 mo Walks well Uses 3-5 words Temper without support, meaningfully tantrums, Walks backwards separation and sideways anxiety 18 mo Starts to run, Makes a tower About 10 words Copies parents climb stairs with of 3-4 cubes, spoken in tasks, toilet help scribbles including name training started spontaneously, may draw a vertical line 2 yrs Runs well, climbs Makes a tower Points to at Follows 2-step stairs alone; of 6-7 cubes, least one commands walks on tiptoes turns one page named body (30 months) of a book at a part, simple time, may draw 2 word horizontal line sentences (2 words at 2 years) 3 yrs Pedals tricycle, Make a tower of Uses plurals, 3 Dresses and jumps with both 9-10 cubes, word undresses feet off ground, draws (copies) a sentences (3 partially can alternate feet circle word at buttons/ when climbing 3 years) unbuttons stairs 4 yrs Hops, alternates Draws (copies) Knows colours Buttons feet going a Cross clothing fully, downstairs (At 4 plays with other yr hop off the children floor) 5 yrs Jumps on one Draws (copies) Dresses foot, heel to toe a Square without walk supervision Calcification Age at Eruption Age at Shedding Begins At Complete At Maxillary Mandibulaur Maxillary Mandibular Primary Teeth Central incisors 5th fetal mo 18–24 mo 6–8 mo 5–7 mo 7–8 yr 6–7 yr Lateral incisors 5th fetal mo 18–24 mo 8–11 mo 7–10 mo 8–9 yr 7-8 yr Cuspids (canines) 6th fetalmo 30–36 mo 16–20 mo 16–20 mo 11–l2 yr 9–11 yr Firstmolars 5th fetal mo 24–30 mo 10–16 mo 10–16 mo 10–12 yr 10–12 yr Second molars 6th fetal mo 36 mo 20–30 mo 20–30 mo 10–12 yr 11–13 yr Secondary teeth Central incisors 3-4mo 9-10yr 7-8yr 6-7yr Pediatrics inLastMinutes 3 Lateral incisors Max, 10-12 mo 10-11yr 8-9yr 7-8 yr Mand, 3-4 mo Cuspids (canines) 4-5mo 12-15yr 11-l2yr 9-11yr Firstpremolars (biscuspids) 18-21mo 12-13yr 10-11yr 10-12yr Secondmolars (biscuspids) 24-30mo 12-14yr 10-12yr 11-13yr First molars Birth 9-10yr 6-7yr 6-7yr Secondmolars 30-36mo 14-16yr 12-13yr 12-13yr Third molars Max, 7-9 yr 18-25 yr 17-22 yr 17-22 yr Mand, 8-10 yr 4 Pre-NEET Pediatrics • Delayed eruption is usually considered when there are no teeth by approximately 13 months of age. • Causes of delayed eruption – Idiopathic (most common), Trisomy 21, Hypopituitarism, Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) – Hypothyroidism, – Familial, Hypoparathyroidism, Cleidocranial dysplasia Remember • Central incisors is first to develop in primary dentition. • 1st molar is first to develop in secondary dentition. • Second molar is last to develop in primary dentition. • Third molar is last to develop in secondary dentition. Weight 10% of body weight lost in first few days of life; regained by 2 weeks. Birth weight doubles by 4 months, triples by 12 months, quadruples by 24 months. Height Height is increased by 50% at 1 year of age, doubles at 4 years and triples at 13 years. Head circumference Measured during 1-3 years of life 5 cm growth during age 0-3 months; 4 cm in 3-6 months, 2cm in 6-9 months and 1cm in 9-12 months. (newborn = 35 cm; 3 months = 40 cm, 9 months 45 cm, 3 years =50 cm, 9 years = 55cm. SURVEILLANCE OF GROWHAND DEVELOPMENT Surveillance of growth and development is an important component of the routine anticipatory care of children. The main purpose of growth surveillance is to identify those children who are not growing normally. Surveillance for physical growth can be done in following ways. 1. Weight for age • Measurement of weight and rate of gain in weight are the best single parameters for assessing physical growth. The weight should be carefully repeated at intervals: – Birth - 1 year Monthly – Second year Every two months – 2-5 years Every 3 months Pediatrics in Last Minutes 5 • These measurements when compared with the reference standards of weight of children of same age, the trend of growth becomes obvious. • Weight for age can be used to classify malnutrition and determine its prevalence. • 80 % of the median weight for age of the reference is cut off point below which children should be considered malnourished. 2. Height for age • Height is a stable measurement of growth as opposed to body weight. • Whereas weight reflects only the present health status of the child, height indicates the events in the past also. Low height for age. • This is also known as nutritional stunting or dwarfing. • It reflects past or chronic malnutrition. • The cut off point commonly taken for the diagnosis of stunting is 90 percent of the united states NCHS height for age. 3. Weight for height • Weight in relation to height is now considered more important than weight alone.
Recommended publications
  • Clinical an Urgent Care Approach to Complications and Conditions of Pregnancy Part 2
    Clinical An Urgent Care Approach to Complications and Conditions of Pregnancy Part 2 Urgent message: From pregnancy confirmation to the evaluation of bleeding, urgent care centers are often the initial location for management of obstetric-related issues. Careful use of evidence-based guidelines is the key to successful outcomes. DAVID N. JACKSON, MD, FACOG and PETAR PLANINIC, MD, FACOG Introduction rgent care providers are called upon to manage a Uvariety of complaints in pregnancy. Some conditions can be managed at the urgent care center whereas others require stabilization and transport to a center with expert obstetrical capabilities. In all situations, practitioners should consider that a gestational age of fetal viability (many centers now use 23 to 24 weeks) is best served with referral for continuous fetal monitor- ing if there is bleeding, trauma, significant hypertension, relative hypoxemia (O2 saturation less than 95% for pregnant women), or contractions. Part 2 of this two- part series will discuss: Ⅲ Bleeding in pregnancy Ⅲ Ectopic gestation Ⅲ Trauma and pregnancy Ⅲ Acute abdominal pain in pregnancy Dr. Jackson is Professor of Maternal-Fetal Medicine at the University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada. Dr. Planinic is Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Nevada, School of Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada. © gettyimages.com www.jucm.com JUCM The Journal of Urgent Care Medicine | September 2013 9 AN URGENT CARE APPROACH TO COMPLICATIONS AND CONDITIONS OF PREGNANCY Figure 1. Bleeding endocervical polyp with Evaluation of vaginal bleeding should follow a sys- inflammation tematic process. History of last menses and sexual activ- ity determines the possibility of pregnancy.
    [Show full text]
  • USMLE – What's It
    Purpose of this handout Congratulations on making it to Year 2 of medical school! You are that much closer to having your Doctor of Medicine degree. If you want to PRACTICE medicine, however, you have to be licensed, and in order to be licensed you must first pass all four United States Medical Licensing Exams. This book is intended as a starting point in your preparation for getting past the first hurdle, Step 1. It contains study tips, suggestions, resources, and advice. Please remember, however, that no single approach to studying is right for everyone. USMLE – What is it for? In order to become a licensed physician in the United States, individuals must pass a series of examinations conducted by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). These examinations are the United States Medical Licensing Examinations, or USMLE. Currently there are four separate exams which must be passed in order to be eligible for medical licensure: Step 1, usually taken after the completion of the second year of medical school; Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), this is usually taken by December 31st of Year 4 Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS), this is usually be taken by December 31st of Year 4 Step 3, typically taken during the first (intern) year of post graduate training. Requirements other than passing all of the above mentioned steps for licensure in each state are set by each state’s medical licensing board. For example, each state board determines the maximum number of times that a person may take each Step exam and still remain eligible for licensure.
    [Show full text]
  • MRI Changes of Brain in Newborns with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Clinical Stage Ii Or Stage Iii- a Descriptive Study
    Original Research Article DOI: 10.18231/2455-6793.2017.0009 MRI changes of brain in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy clinical stage ii or stage iii- a descriptive study Jose O1,*, Sheena V2 1Assistant Professor, 2Junior Resident, Dept. of Pediatrics, Govt. TD Medical College, Alappuzha *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to estimate the proportion of MRI changes in newborns with HIE, to compare the findings of term and preterm babies and to identify if there is any clinical stage specific MRI findings Methods: After obtaining clearance from ethical committee, 30 newborns with either stage II or stage III HIE are included in the study. MRI brain was taken between one to two weeks of age once the vitals of the babies are stable & after ensuring euthermia. Results: Out of the 30 babies, 19 were male babies and 11 female babies. 16 of them were term and 14 of them preterm babies.27 of the total 30 patients had MRI changes of HIE, which accounts for 90%. 17of the 30 mothers were primi mothers which accounts for 56.7%. Most important antenatal factors associated with HIE are gestational hypertension and UTI. Gestational diabetes mellitus and placental/cord factors are also found to be important contributing factors. 33.4% had a history of UTI, 30% gestational hypertension, 23.4% gestational diabetes mellitus in the antenatal period. Conclusion: Basal ganglia and/or thalamus were affected in 50% of term babies. 87.5% of babies with periventricular leucomalacia are preterms. Intracranial hemorrhage was seen in 7.4% of the babies and all of them were preterms.
    [Show full text]
  • HHS Public Access Author Manuscript
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptObstet Gynecol Author Manuscript. Author Author Manuscript manuscript; available in PMC 2016 January 12. Published in final edited form as: Obstet Gynecol. 2013 October ; 122(4): 885–900. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182a5fdfd. Prophylaxis and Treatment of Anthrax in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review of Antibiotics Dana Meaney-Delman, MD MPH1, Sonja A. Rasmussen, MD MS1, Richard H. Beigi, MD2, Marianne E. Zotti, DrPH1, Yalonda Hutchings, MD MPH1, William A. Bower, MD1, Tracee A. Treadwell, DVM MPH1, and Denise J. Jamieson, MD MPH1 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 2Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Reproductive Infectious Diseases and Obstetric Specialties, Magee-Women’s Hospital of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Abstract Objective—To review the safety and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics recommended for anthrax post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment in pregnant women. Data Sources—Articles were identified in the PUBMED database from inception through December 2012 by searching the keywords ([“pregnancy]” and [generic antibiotic name]). Additionally, hand searches of references from REPROTOX, TERIS, review articles and Briggs’ Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation were performed. Methods of Study Selection—Articles included in the review contain primary data related to the safety and pharmacokinetics among pregnant women of five antibiotics recommended for anthrax post-exposure prophylaxis and treatment (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline, amoxicillin), and of nine additional antibiotics recommended as part of the treatment regimen (penicillin, ampicillin, linezolid, clindamycin, meropenem, doripenem, rifampin, chloramphenicol, or vancomycin). Tabulation, Integration and Results—The PUBMED search identified 3850 articles for review.
    [Show full text]
  • Figuration. One Might Be Inclined to Explain This
    DR. E. HUGHES: CRANIOTABES OF THE FŒTUS AND INFANT. 1045 .experiments of Neuschlosz,40 who found that an emulsion of lecithin in water possesses a surface CRANIOTABES OF THE FŒTUS AND tension dependent on the amount of Ca present. INFANT. Too much or too little Ca had the same effect. In the therapeutic application of lime salts one also BY EDMUND HUGHES, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. LOND often notices opposite effects according to the amount used. IN a previous paper 1 I recorded some results of a To return for a moment t,o what Prof. Bayliss has clinical inquiry into this subject. The account then .called the " Clowes’s effect," it would seem that the given was composed under the combined disadvantages is view of the American author strongly supported of military service and paper shortage ; and this was by our experiments on the stereo-isomeric sugars. unfortunate, because the contentious nature of We have seen that pores are left between the oil- certain of the findings called for their rather full that ,drops, and it is obvious these pores, because presentment. I shall therefore make no apology they are subjected to the surface tension at the for re-stating these findings in somewhat more boundary, assume varying shapes. Now pores of a adequate form. could allow a con- definite shape sugars of definite Broadly, the position then reached was that the figuration-e.g., lævulose-to pass through, while recognised " craniotabes " arising during the first holding back sugars-e.g., glucose--of another con- few months of infancy is in many, and probably in be inclined figuration.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Synbiotic on the Treatment of Jaundice in Full Term Neonates: a Randomized Clinical Trial
    Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr. 2019 Sep;22(5):453-459 https://doi.org/10.5223/pghn.2019.22.5.453 pISSN 2234-8646·eISSN 2234-8840 Original Article Effect of Synbiotic on the Treatment of Jaundice in Full Term Neonates: A Randomized Clinical Trial Shokoufeh Ahmadipour ,1,2 Parastoo Baharvand ,3 Parisa Rahmani ,4 Amin Hasanvand ,5 and Azam Mohsenzadeh 2 1Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 2Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 3Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran 4Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran Received: Jun 27, 2018 Revised: Mar 28, 2019 ABSTRACT Accepted: Apr 8, 2019 Purpose: Jaundice accounts for most hospital admissions in the neonatal period. Nowadays, Correspondence to in addition to phototherapy, other auxiliary methods are used to reduce jaundice and the Azam Mohsenzadeh length of hospitalization. This study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on the Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, treatment of hyper-bilirubinemia in full-term neonates. Anooshirvan Rezaei Square, Khorramabad, Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 83 full-term neonates, who were admitted to the Lorestan 6813833946, Iran. hospital to receive phototherapy in the first 6 months of 2015, were randomly divided into E-mail: [email protected] two groups: synbiotic (SG, n=40) and control (CG, n=43). Both groups received phototherapy Copyright © 2019 by The Korean Society of but the SG also received 5 drops/day of synbiotics.
    [Show full text]
  • Prognostication in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: a Qualitative Research Study
    Prognostication in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Qualitative Research Study Lisa Anne Rasmussen Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine and Biomedical Ethics Unit McGill University Montreal, Quebec, Canada November 2017 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Experimental Medicine, Specialization in Biomedical Ethics ©Lisa Anne Rasmussen, 2017 Abstract Background Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is the most frequent cause of neonatal encephalopathy, and results in significant morbidity and mortality. From an ethical and clinical standpoint, neurological prognosis is fundamental in the care of neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. However, accurately predicting neurodevelopmental outcomes for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is particular difficult, and fraught with challenges. At present, focused research in this area is limited. Objectives This thesis aims to present a review of the current literature on prognosis and the practice of prognostication in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, focusing on the integral challenges posed by this vulnerable group of neonates. Furthermore, this thesis incorporates an original qualitative study that explores physician perspectives about prognostication in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. The main objective of this thesis is to advance the current understanding of the practice of prognostication in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, in hopes of opening
    [Show full text]
  • The Etiology and Significance of Fractures in Infants and Young Children: a Critical Multidisciplinary Review
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294922302 The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: a critical multidisciplinary review Article in Pediatric Radiology · February 2016 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-016-3546-6 CITATIONS READS 6 193 11 authors, including: Stephen D Brown Laura L Hayes Boston Children's Hospital The Children's Hospital at Sacred Heart, Pen… 53 PUBLICATIONS 493 CITATIONS 25 PUBLICATIONS 122 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Michael Alan Levine The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 486 PUBLICATIONS 14,224 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: ACR Appropriateness Criteria - Pediatric Panel View project The Program to Enhance Relational and Communication Skills (PERCS): A simulation-based, experiential approach for learning about challenging conversations in healthcare View project All content following this page was uploaded by Michael Alan Levine on 25 February 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. All in-text references underlined in blue are added to the original document and are linked to publications on ResearchGate, letting you access and read them immediately. Pediatr Radiol DOI 10.1007/s00247-016-3546-6 REVIEW The etiology and significance of fractures in infants and young children: a critical multidisciplinary review Sabah Servaes1 & Stephen D. Brown 2 & Arabinda K. Choudhary3 & Cindy W. Christian 4 & Stephen L. Done5 & Laura L. Hayes6 & Michael A. Levine4 & Joëlle A. Moreno7 & Vincent J. Palusci 8 & Richard M. Shore 9 & Thomas L. Slovis10 Received: 21 December 2015 /Accepted: 13 January 2016 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 Abstract This paper addresses significant misconceptions re- vitamin D in bone health and the relationship between garding the etiology of fractures in infants and young children vitamin D and fractures.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Relationship Between Paroxysmal Movement Disorders and Epilepsy
    Review article pISSN 2635-909X • eISSN 2635-9103 Ann Child Neurol 2020;28(3):76-87 https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2020.00073 The Genetic Relationship between Paroxysmal Movement Disorders and Epilepsy Hyunji Ahn, MD, Tae-Sung Ko, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Received: May 1, 2020 Revised: May 12, 2020 Seizures and movement disorders both involve abnormal movements and are often difficult to Accepted: May 24, 2020 distinguish due to their overlapping phenomenology and possible etiological commonalities. Par- oxysmal movement disorders, which include three paroxysmal dyskinesia syndromes (paroxysmal Corresponding author: kinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia, paroxysmal exercise-induced dys- Tae-Sung Ko, MD kinesia), hemiplegic migraine, and episodic ataxia, are important examples of conditions where Department of Pediatrics, Asan movement disorders and seizures overlap. Recently, many articles describing genes associated Medical Center Children’s Hospital, University of Ulsan College of with paroxysmal movement disorders and epilepsy have been published, providing much infor- Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, mation about their molecular pathology. In this review, we summarize the main genetic disorders Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea that results in co-occurrence of epilepsy and paroxysmal movement disorders, with a presenta- Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 tion of their genetic characteristics, suspected pathogenic mechanisms, and detailed descriptions Fax: +82-2-473-3725 of paroxysmal movement disorders and seizure types. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Dyskinesias; Movement disorders; Seizures; Epilepsy Introduction ies, and paroxysmal dyskinesias [3,4]. Paroxysmal dyskinesias are an important disease paradigm asso- Movement disorders often arise from the basal ganglia nuclei or ciated with overlapping movement disorders and seizures [5].
    [Show full text]
  • 235 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 G. I. Martin, W. Rosenfeld
    Index A hemolytic disease, 90 Abdominal distension, 161, 166 hereditary elliptocytosis, 97 Aberrant ventricular conduction, 153, 154, 156 hereditary spherocytosis, 97 Absent uvula, 31 initial laboratory assessment, 94 Adenoviral conjunctivitis, 221 packed red blood cell transfusion, 94 Adenovirus, 77 peripheral smear, 96 Alopecia, 18 red cell indices, reference range, 90 Ambiguous genitalia reticulocyte count, 96 androgen insensitivity syndrome, 211 Rh incompatibility, 90 CAH (see Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)) rhinovirus, 97 causes of, 206, 211 signs and symptoms, 89, 94 chromosomal analysis, 205, 209 sources of blood loss, 94 DSD, 205 subgaleal hemorrhages, 92 evaluation of, 210 transfusion guidelines, 95 genetic factors for, 204 vascular access, 94 21-hydroxylase deficiency, 207 vital signs per nursery protocol, 92 incidence of, 203 Ankyloglossia, 31 pelvic sonogram, 209 Antacids, 166 sex assignment, 211 Antiarrhythmic medications, 150 sex determination and differentiation, 204 Anti-Ro and anti-La maternal antibodies, 152 46 XY karyotype and, 206 Apgar score, 183, 184 Amblyopia, 218 Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC), 44, 45 American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Arrhythmia (ACOG), 2, 55, 57 antiarrhythmic medications, 150 Amplitude electroencephalograph (aEEG), 6, 9 benign arrhythmias, 149 Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), 209, 211 bradyarrhythmia Anemia atrioventricular block, 152, 153 ABO incompatibility, 90 EKG rhythm, 151 acute blood loss, 93 initial therapy, 151 blood transfusion therapy, 95, 96 management,
    [Show full text]
  • The Frequency of Seizures with Roseola. the Study Corroborates the Suggestion That Seizures with Roseola, HHV-6, and Fever Are Not Always Simple in Type
    the frequency of seizures with roseola. The study corroborates the suggestion that seizures with roseola, HHV-6, and fever are not always simple in type. They are frequently prolonged, recurrent, and complex, and sometimes a manifestation of encephalitis or encephalopathy. (Progress in Pediatric Neurology II. Millichap JG, Ed, PNB Publ, 1994, pp 410, 415). These findings further weaken the hypothesis of the so-called simple febrile seizure as a distinct disease entity. For abstracts from the 16th annual conference on febrile convulsions held in Tokyo, Dec 18, 1993, see Fukuyama Y. Brain Dev July/Aug 1994;16:339-346. Papers included neurochemical aspects, EEG studies, and clinical, epidemiological, and treatment reports. The reputed safety and effectiveness of intermittent oral diazepam (0.4 mg/kg, 3 doses) at times of fever for prevention of recurrence of febrile seizures was supported in 23 children treated at Shimane Medical University and Central Hospital, Japan. GLUTAMATE IN PYRIDOXINE-DEPENDENT EPILEPSY Cerebrospinal fluid levels of glutamate, g-aminobutyric acid, and pyridoxal-5-phosphate examined in a patient with pyridoxine dependency while on and off vitamin B6 treatment are reported from Universitat Munchen, and Universitats-Nervenklinik, Wurzburg, Germany. Seizures began at age 3 weeks. Despite phenobarbital, status epilepticus occurred at 3 months and was followed by infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. The addition of ACTH and vitamin B6 controlled the seizures and the EEG became normal. Seizures recurred on each of several occasions when vitamin B6 was withdrawn. CSF glutamate was elevated 200-fold, whereas GABA and PLP were normal. After vitamin B6 (5 mg/kg BW/day) was reintroduced, seizures stopped and the EEG was normal, but CSF glutamate was still elevated 10 fold.
    [Show full text]
  • Brain Growth in Children with Marasmus
    Upsala J Med Sci 79: 116-128, 1974 Brain Growth in Children with Marasmus A Study Using Head Circumference Measurement, Transillumination and Ultrasonic Echo Ventriculography GUNNAR ENGSNER,2 SHOADAGNE BELETE,' IRENE SJOGREN2 and BO VAHLQUIST' From the Ethiopian Nutrition Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, I and the Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals2Uppsala, Sweden ABSTRACT (I) To measure the brain size in marasmic in- Brain growth was studied by making simultaneous meas- fants and children by simultaneously recording the urements of head circumference, transillumination and head circumference and performing transillumina- lateral ventricle indices in 102 children aged 2-24 months tion and echo encephalography. suffering from marasmus. The head circumference was (2) To demonstrate whether or not, in infants significantly reduced, transillumination showed a slight- with marasmus aged less than six months, a re- to-moderate increase in the children 6-24 months of age, and echo encephalography showed a normal lateral ven- cordable improvement in brain size takes place tricle index. The results indicate a reduction of brain during nutrition rehabilitation. size which (particularly after the first 6 months of age) goes slightly beyond what may be inferred from the head circumference per se. The interpretation of the results, MATERIAL especially the relation between head circumference and brain size, is discused. Definition of marasmus The criteria used for including children in the study were as follows: In cases of severe protein-calorie malnutrition (a) Weight for age below 60% of the Boston standard (PCM) of the marasmus type, there is not only a (50% percentile) and no apparent oedema, i.e.
    [Show full text]