DOCSLIB.ORG

Evaluation and Treatment of Tinnitus: Comparative Effectiveness Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 122

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evaluation and Treatment of Tinnitus: Comparative Effectiveness Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 122 Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 122 Evaluation and Treatment of Tinnitus: Comparative Effectiveness Comparative Effectiveness Review Number 122 Evaluation and Treatment of Tinnitus: Comparative Effectiveness Prepared for: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 540 Gaither Road Rockville, MD 20850 www.ahrq.gov Contract No. 290-2007-10060-I Prepared by: McMaster University Evidence-based Practice Center Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Investigators: M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Ph.D. Pasqualina Santaguida, Ph.D. Amanda Hammill, M.A. Mark Oremus, Ph.D. Brian Westerberg, M.D. Usman Ali, M.D., M.Sc. Christopher Patterson, M.D. Parminder Raina, Ph.D. AHRQ Publication No. 13-EHC110-EF August 2013 This report is based on research conducted by the McMaster University Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) under contract to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Rockville, MD (Contract No. 290-2007-10060-I). The findings and conclusions in this document are those of the authors, who are responsible for its contents; the findings and conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of AHRQ. Therefore, no statement in this report should be construed as an official position of AHRQ or of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The information in this report is intended to help health care decisionmakers—patients and clinicians, health system leaders, and policymakers, among others—make well-informed decisions and thereby improve the quality of health care services. This report is not intended to be a substitute for the application of clinical judgment. Anyone who makes decisions concerning the provision of clinical care should consider this report in the same way as any medical reference and in conjunction with all other pertinent information, i.e., in the context of available resources and circumstances presented by individual patients. This report may be used, in whole or in part, as the basis for development of clinical practice guidelines and other quality enhancement tools, or as a basis for reimbursement and coverage policies. AHRQ or U.S. Department of Health and Human Services endorsement of such derivative products may not be stated or implied. This document is in the public domain and may be used and reprinted without special permission. Citation of the source is appreciated. Persons using assistive technology may not be able to fully access information in this report. For assistance contact [email protected]. None of the investigators have any affiliations or financial involvement that conflicts with the material presented in this report. Suggested citation: Pichora-Fuller MK, Santaguida P, Hammill A, Oremus M, Westerberg B, Ali U, Patterson C, Raina P. Evaluation and Treatment of Tinnitus: Comparative Effectiveness. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 122. (Prepared by the McMaster University Evidence- based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10060-I.) AHRQ Publication No. 13- EHC110-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; August 2013. www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm. ii Preface The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), through its Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPCs), sponsors the development of systematic reviews to assist public- and private-sector organizations in their efforts to improve the quality of health care in the United States. These reviews provide comprehensive, science-based information on common, costly medical conditions, and new health care technologies and strategies. Systematic reviews are the building blocks underlying evidence-based practice; they focus attention on the strength and limits of evidence from research studies about the effectiveness and safety of a clinical intervention. In the context of developing recommendations for practice, systematic reviews can help clarify whether assertions about the value of the intervention are based on strong evidence from clinical studies. For more information about AHRQ EPC systematic reviews, see www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reference/purpose.cfm. AHRQ expects that these systematic reviews will be helpful to health plans, providers, purchasers, government programs, and the health care system as a whole. Transparency and stakeholder input are essential to the Effective Health Care Program. Please visit the Web site (www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov) to see draft research questions and reports or to join an email list to learn about new program products and opportunities for input. We welcome comments on this systematic review. They may be sent by mail to the Task Order Officer named below at: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Road, Rockville, MD 20850, or by email to [email protected]. Carolyn M. Clancy, M.D. Jean Slutsky, P.A., M.S.P.H. Director, Agency for Healthcare Research Director, Center for Outcomes and Evidence and Quality Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Stephanie Chang, M.D., M.P.H. Supriya Janakiraman, M.D., M.P.H. Director, EPC Program Task Order Officer Center for Outcomes and Evidence Center for Outcomes and Evidence Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality iii Acknowledgments The researchers at the Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) would like to acknowledge the following people for their contributions. We are grateful to our Task Order Officers at the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Supriya Janakiraman and Chuck Shih, for their support and guidance throughout the development of this report. Members of the Technical Expert Panel were instrumental in the formation of the parameters and goals of this review. They are listed below. We would also like to thank those who worked so conscientiously retrieving and screening citations, abstracting data, preparing figures, and editing the report: Julianna Beckett, Judy Brown, Amy Bustamam, Patricia Carson, Bryan Cheeseman, Roxanne Cheeseman, Louise Don- Wauchope, Angela Eady, Mary Gauld, Suzanne Johansen, Sara Kaffashian, Meghan Kenny, Leah Macdonald, Maureen Rice, Carrie Sniderman, Rob Stevens, Marroon Thabane, and Ian White. Our thanks to Harry Shannon and Nancy Santesso for providing statistical assistance along the way. Thank you to our Peer Reviewers for the thoughtful comments. Key Informants In designing the study questions, the EPC consulted several Key Informants who represent the end-users of research. The EPC sought the Key Informant input on the priority areas for research and synthesis. Key Informants are not involved in the analysis of the evidence or the writing of the report. Therefore, in the end, study questions, design, methodological approaches, and/or conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of individual Key Informants. Key Informants must disclose any financial conflicts of interest greater than $10,000 and any other relevant business or professional conflicts of interest. Because of their role as end-users, individuals with potential conflicts may be retained. The Task Order Officer and the EPC work to balance, manage, or mitigate any conflicts of interest. The list of Key Informants who participated in developing this report follows: Richard Birtwhistle, M.D., M.Sc., FCFP Family Practitioner College of Family Physicians of Canada Kingston, Ontario, Canada Daniel Born, B.A. Director of Research & Special Projects American Tinnitus Association and Experiences Tinnitus Portland, OR Jennifer Born, B.A. Director of Public Affairs and Coordinator of Action Alliance American Tinnitus Association Portland, OR iv Keith Folkert, M.D., M.H.A. Medical Director Blue Cross Blue Shield of Minnesota St. Paul, MN James A. Henry, Ph.D. Research Professor in Otolaryngology Oregon Hearing Research Center Portland, OR Kris Schulz, M.P.H. Chief Research Officer American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Arlington, VA Glynnis Tidball, B.A., D.L.I.N., M.Sc., RAUD Audiologist St. Paul’s Hospital Tinnitus Clinic, Providence Healthcare Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Technical Expert Panel In designing the study questions and methodology at the outset of this report, the EPC consulted several technical and content experts. Broad expertise and perspectives were sought. Divergent and conflicted opinions are common and perceived as healthy scientific discourse that results in a thoughtful, relevant systematic review. Therefore, in the end, study questions, design, methodologic approaches, and/or conclusions do not necessarily represent the views of individual technical and content experts. Technical Experts must disclose any financial conflicts of interest greater than $10,000 and any other relevant business or professional conflicts of interest. Because of their unique clinical or content expertise, individuals with potential conflicts may be retained. The TOO and the EPC work to balance, manage, or mitigate any potential conflicts of interest identified. The list of Technical Experts who participated in developing this report follows: Gerhard Andersson, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning Linköping University Linköping, Sweden Brian Blakley, M.D., Ph.D., FRCSC Professor, Director of Research Department of Otolaryngology University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada v James A. Henry, Ph.D. Research Career Scientist National Center for Rehabilitative Auditory Research VA Medical Center Research Professor in Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Oregon Health & Science University Portland, OR Don
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Postmortem Distribution of Vardenafil (Levitra | in an Aviation
    Journal of Analytical Toxicology, Vol. 31, July/August 2007 The Postmortem Distribution of Vardenafil (Levitra| in an Aviation Accident Victim with an Unusually High Blood Concentration* Robert D. Johnson ~, Russell J. Lewis, and Mike K. Angler Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jat/article/31/6/328/682815 by guest on 27 September 2021 Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Analytical Toxicology and Accident Research Laboratory, AAM-610, CAMI Building, 6500 S. MacArthur Blvd., Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73169-6901 I Abstract phodiesterase type 5 enzyme (PDE5) found predominantly in the penile corpus cavernosum (2-7). Vardenafil (tevitra) is one of the most widely prescribed Vardenafil undergoes hepatic metabolism, producing the treatments for erectile dysfunction. This report presents a active desethyl metabolite M1. M1 contributes to the ob- rapid and reliable method for the identification and quantification served pharmacological effects provided by vardenafil, as M1 of vardenafil in postmortem fluids and tissues, applies this method exhibits approximately 30% of the potency of the parent to a postmortem case, and describes the distribution of vardenafil in various fluids and tissues.This procedure utilizes sildenafil-d8, drug (1). Under steady-state conditions, the plasma concen- which is structurally closely related to vardenafil, as an tration of M1 is approximately 26% of that seen for vardenafil internal standard for more accurate and reliable quantitation. (1). After oral administration of vardenafil, peak plasma con- The method incorporates solid-phaseextraction and liquid centrations are obtained within 30-60 min (1). Vardenafil chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) and and its active metabolite have a terminal half-life of approx- MS-MS-MS utilizing an atmospheric pressure chemical imately 4-5 h (1).
    [Show full text]
  • Deanxit SPC.Pdf
    SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Deanxit film-coated tablets 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each tablet contains: Flupentixol 0.5 mg (as 0.584 mg flupentixol dihydrochloride) Melitracen 10 mg (as 11.25 mg melitracen hydrochloride) Excipients with known effect: Lactose monohydrate For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Film-coated tablets. Round, biconvex, cyclamen, film-coated tablets. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Anxiety Depression Asthenia. Neurasthenia. Psychogenic depression. Depressive neuroses. Masked depression. Psychosomatic affections accompanied by anxiety and apathy. Menopausal depressions. Dysphoria and depression in alcoholics and drug-addicts. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Posology Adults Usually 2 tablets daily: morning and noon. In severe cases the morning dose may be increased to 2 tablets. The maximum dose is 4 tablets daily. Older people (> 65 years) 1 tablet in the morning. In severe cases 1 tablet in the morning and 1 at noon. Maintenance dose: Usually 1 tablet in the morning. SPC Portrait-REG_00051968 20v038 Page 1 of 10 In cases of insomnia or severe restlessness additional treatment with a sedative in the acute phase is recommended. Paediatric population Children and adolescents (<18 years) Deanxit is not recommended for use in children and adolescents due to lack of data on safety and efficacy. Reduced renal function Deanxit can be given in the recommended doses. Reduced liver function Deanxit can be given in the recommended doses. Method of administration The tablets are swallowed with water. 4.3 Contraindications Hypersensitivity to flupentixol and melitracen or to any of the excipients listed in section 6.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Vardenafil Better Choice for Premature Ejaculation
    August 15, 2005 • www.familypracticenews.com Men’s Health 47 Vardenafil Better Choice for Premature Ejaculation BY ROBERT FINN (24%) of the men and was secondary (in On a self-rating scale of 0-8, where 0 Center but is now at the University of San Francisco Bureau most cases to erectile dysfunction) in the means PE almost never, 4 means PE about Hamburg. remaining 26 men (77%). half the time, and 8 means PE almost al- Self-ratings of sexual satisfaction, on a 0- S AN A NTONIO — Vardenafil improved After a 4-week run-in period, 17 men ways, the mean score was 6.14 at baseline, 5 scale, where 0 means not at all satisfied premature ejaculation more than sertra- were given 10-mg vardenafil 10 minutes 4.28 with sertraline, and 3.2 with varde- and 5 means extremely satisfied, averaged line, Frank Sommer, M.D., reported at the before intercourse for 6 weeks. The other nafil. 1.4 at baseline, 3.2 with sertraline, and 4.2 annual meeting of the American Urolog- 17 received 50 mg of sertraline 4 hours be- IVELT, as measured by a stopwatch, with vardenafil. In addition, the partners’ ical Association. fore intercourse. averaged 0.54 minutes at baseline, 2.87 sexual satisfaction showed significant in- Both vardenafil (Levitra), a phosphodi- After a 1-week washout period, the men minutes with sertraline, and 5.23 minutes creases for sertraline and even more so for esterase-5 inhibitor, and sertraline (Zoloft), who had been receiving sertraline with vardenafil, reported Dr. Sommer, vardenafil.
    [Show full text]
  • LEVITRA (Vardenafil Hcl) Tablets
    LEVITRA (vardenafil HCl) Tablets DESCRIPTION LEVITRA® is an oral therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This monohydrochloride salt of vardenafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Vardenafil HCl is designated chemically as piperazine, 1-[[3-(1,4-dihydro-5- methyl-4-oxo-7-propylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-2-yl)-4- ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-ethyl-, monohydrochloride and has the following structural formula: O O HN N x HCl x 3H2O N N O S O N N Vardenafil HCl is a nearly colorless, solid substance with a molecular weight of 579.1 g/mol and a solubility of 0.11 mg/mL in water. LEVITRA is formulated as orange, round, film-coated tablets with "BAYER" cross debossed on one side and "2.5", "5", "10", and "20" on the other side corresponding to 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, and 20 mg of vardenafil, respectively. In addition to the active ingredient, vardenafil HCl, each tablet contains microcrystalline cellulose, crospovidone, colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol, titanium dioxide, yellow ferric oxide, and red ferric oxide. CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY Mechanism of Action Penile erection is a hemodynamic process initiated by the relaxation of smooth muscle in the corpus cavernosum and its associated arterioles. During sexual stimulation, nitric oxide is released from nerve endings and endothelial cells in the corpus cavernosum. Nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylate cyclase resulting in increased synthesis of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in the smooth muscle cells of the corpus cavernosum. The cGMP in turn triggers smooth muscle relaxation, allowing increased blood flow into the penis, resulting in erection.
    [Show full text]
  • Trazodone Is Not As Effective As Other Antidepressants in Treating a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder
    Case Report Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry (Taipei) Vol. 26 No. 4 2012 • 311 • Trazodone Is Not as Effective as Other Antidepressants in Treating a Patient with Major Depressive Disorder Kah Kheng Goh, M.D.1, Weng-Kin Tam, M.D.1, Winston W. Shen, M.D.1, 2* Background: Trazodone in clinical use is ineffective because of its sed ation to let patient receive an adequate dose for treating a patient with major depressive disorder. We are report a case report to demonstrate this clinical effi cacy issue in the treatment with trazodone. Case Report: A 83-year old male Taiwanese patient had suffered from MDD for six months. He did not response to the treatment of trazodone 150 mg/day for four months, but consequently, he responded to the treatment of milnacipran 100 mg/day or mirtazapine 30 mg/day. Conclusion: Psy- chiatrists in Taiwan should be alert to the fact that trazodone is not as effective as other antidepressants, and that trazodone should not be prescribed as a single anti- depressant in treating an MDD patient. Key words: antidepressant therapy, suicide, venlafaxine, bupropion (Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry [Taipei] 2012; 26: 311-5) guideline in the paragraph in describing individu- Introduction al drug trazodone also indicates “other investiga- tors found trazodone to be less effective than other The practice guideline of the American antidepressant medications” [1]. In this case re- Psychiatric Association in the paragraph of intro- port here, we are reporting a case of a major de- ducing antidepressants states “Although some pressive disorder (MDD) patient, who did not re- studies have suggested superiority of one mecha- spond to daily dose of 150 mg of trazodone, but nism of action over another, there are no replica- responded well to antidepressants 100 mg of mil- ble or robust fi ndings to establish a clinically nacipran per day and maybe 30 mg of mirtazapine meaningful difference.
    [Show full text]
  • Guideline for Preoperative Medication Management
    Guideline: Preoperative Medication Management Guideline for Preoperative Medication Management Purpose of Guideline: To provide guidance to physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), pharmacists, and nurses regarding medication management in the preoperative setting. Background: Appropriate perioperative medication management is essential to ensure positive surgical outcomes and prevent medication misadventures.1 Results from a prospective analysis of 1,025 patients admitted to a general surgical unit concluded that patients on at least one medication for a chronic disease are 2.7 times more likely to experience surgical complications compared with those not taking any medications. As the aging population requires more medication use and the availability of various nonprescription medications continues to increase, so does the risk of polypharmacy and the need for perioperative medication guidance.2 There are no well-designed trials to support evidence-based recommendations for perioperative medication management; however, general principles and best practice approaches are available. General considerations for perioperative medication management include a thorough medication history, understanding of the medication pharmacokinetics and potential for withdrawal symptoms, understanding the risks associated with the surgical procedure and the risks of medication discontinuation based on the intended indication. Clinical judgement must be exercised, especially if medication pharmacokinetics are not predictable or there are significant risks associated with inappropriate medication withdrawal (eg, tolerance) or continuation (eg, postsurgical infection).2 Clinical Assessment: Prior to instructing the patient on preoperative medication management, completion of a thorough medication history is recommended – including all information on prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, “as needed” medications, vitamins, supplements, and herbal medications. Allergies should also be verified and documented.
    [Show full text]
  • Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault Panel, Blood
    DRUG-FACILITATED SEXUAL ASSAULT PANEL, BLOOD Blood Specimens (Order Code 70500) Alcohols Analgesics, cont. Anticonvulsants, cont. Antihistamines, cont. Ethanol Phenylbutazone Phenytoin Cyclizine Amphetamines Piroxicam Pregabalin Diphenhydramine Amphetamine Salicylic Acid* Primidone Doxylamine BDB Sulindac* Topiramate Fexofenadine Benzphetamine Tapentadol Zonisamide Guaifenesin Ephedrine Tizanidine Antidepressants Hydroxyzine MDA Tolmetin Amitriptyline Loratadine MDMA Tramadol Amoxapine Oxymetazoline* Mescaline* Anesthetics Bupropion Pyrilamine Methcathinone Benzocaine Citalopram Tetrahydrozoline Methamphetamine Bupivacaine Clomipramine Triprolidine Phentermine Etomidate Desipramine Antipsychotics PMA Ketamine Desmethylclomipramine 9-hydroxyrisperidone Phenylpropanolamine Lidocaine Dosulepin Aripiprazole Pseudoephedrine Mepivacaine Doxepin Buspirone Analgesics Methoxetamine Duloxetine Chlorpromazine Acetaminophen Midazolam Fluoxetine Clozapine Baclofen Norketamine Fluvoxamine Fluphenazine Buprenorphine Pramoxine* Imipramine Haloperidol Carisoprodol Procaine 1,3-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) Mesoridazine Cyclobenzaprine Rocuronium Mianserin* Norclozapine Diclofenac Ropivacaine Mirtazapine Olanzapine Etodolac Antibiotics Nefazodone Perphenazine Fenoprofen Azithromycin* Nordoxepin Pimozide Hydroxychloroquine Chloramphenicol* Norfluoxetine Prochlorperazine Ibuprofen Ciprofloxacin* Norsertraline Quetiapine Ketoprofen Clindamycin* Nortriptyline Risperidone Ketorolac Erythromycin* Norvenlafaxine Thioridazine Meclofenamic Acid* Levofloxacin* Paroxetine
    [Show full text]
  • Flupentixol 0.5 Mg & Melitracen 10 Mg Tablet
    Flupentixol 0.5 mg & Melitracen 10 mg Tablet COMPOSITION Each film coated tablet contains Flupentixol hydrochloride BP equivalent to 0.5 mg Flupentixol and Melitracen hydrochloride INN equivalent to 10 mg Melitracen. PHARMACOKINETICS Maximum serum concentration is reached in about 4 hours after oral administration of Flupentixol and Melitracen. The half-life of Flupentixol is about 35 hours and that of Melitracen is about 19 hours. The combination of Flupentixol and Melitracen does not seem to influence the pharmacokinetic properties of the individual compounds. INDICATION Psychogenic depression, Depressive neurosis, Psychosomatic affections accompanied by anxiety and apathy, menopausal depression, depression in alcoholics and drug-addicts. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Adults : Usually 2 tablets daily, in morning and afternoon. In severe cases, the morning dose may be increased to 2 tablets. Elderly patients : 1 tablet in the morning. Maintenance dose : Usually 1 tablet in the morning or as directed by the physician. CONTRAINDICATION It is contraindicated in the immediate recovery phase after myocardial infarction, defects in bundle-branch conduction, untreated narrow angle glaucoma and in acute alcohol, barbiturate & opioid intoxications. Not recommended for excitable patients since its activating effect may lead to exaggeration of these characteristics. SIDE EFFECT In the recommended doses, side effects are rare. These could be transient restlessness and insomnia. PRECAUTION If previously the patient has been treated with tranquilizers with sedative effect these should be withdrawn gradually. DRUG INTERACTION This preparation may enhance the response to alcohol, barbiturates and other CNS depressants. Simultaneous administrantion of MAO-inhibitors may cause hypertensive crisis. USE IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION The safety of this drug has not been established in pregnancy and lactation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanism of Drug-Induced Qt Interval Prolongation
    ABSTRACT Torsades de pointes (TdP) is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia characterized by a distinctive pattern of undulating QRS complexes that twist around the isoelectric line. TdP is usually self-terminating or can subsequently degenerate into ventricular fibrillation, syncope, and sudden death. TdP has been associated with QT interval prolongation of the electrocardiogram; therefore, the QT interval has come to be recognized as a surrogate marker for the risk of TdP. International guidelines have been developed to harmonize both the preclinical and clinical studies for the evaluation of drug-induced TdP. However, currently preclinical in vitro and in vivo methods as well as biomarkers for proarrhythmias have been imperfect in predicting drug-induced TdP in humans. It is clear that relevant biomarkers together with appropriate models are needed to assess the arrhythmic risk of new chemical entities. The goal of the present dissertation is to create rabbit with myocardial failing heart as an in vivo animal model to predict TdP in humans and to determine mechanism(s) underlying TdP in this model. Electrocardiograms were recorded from bipolar transthoracic leads in 7 conscious healthy rabbits previously trained to rest quietly in slings. The RR and QT relationship, ii QT=2.4RR0.72 (r2=0.79, p < 0.001) was obtained by slowed the heart rate with 2.0 mg/kg zatebradine, and the algorithm for removing effect of heart rate on QT is QTc = QT/(RR)0.72. QTc lengthened significantly in all conscious rabbits given intravenous cisapride, dofetilide or haloperidol (p < 0.05), and QTc did not change with DMSO (vehicle control), propranolol or enalaprilat.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Medicaid Preapproval Criteria
    2020 Medicaid Preapproval Criteria ABILIFY MAINTENA ................................................................................................................................................................ 10 ACTHAR HP ............................................................................................................................................................................ 11 ACTIMMUNE ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 ADCIRCA ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 ADEMPAS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 15 ADENOSINE DEAMINASE (ADA) REPLACEMENT ................................................................................................................... 17 AFINITOR ............................................................................................................................................................................... 18 AFINITOR DISPERZ ................................................................................................................................................................. 19 ALDURAZYME .......................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Supplemental Figure 1: Illustration of Time-Varying
    Supplemental Material Table of Contents Supplemental Table 1: List of classes and medications. Supplemental Table 2: Association between benzodiazepines and mortality in patients initiating hemodialysis (n=69,368) between 2013‐2014 stratified by age, sex, race, and opioid co‐dispensing. Supplemental Figure 1: Illustration of time‐varying exposure to benzodiazepine or opioid claims for one person. Several sensitivity analyses were performed wherein person‐day exposure was extended to +7 days, +14 days, and +28 days beyond the outlined periods above. 1 Supplemental Table 1: List of classes and medications. Class Medications Short‐acting benzodiazepines Alprazolam, estazolam, lorazepam, midazolam, oxazepam, temazepam, and triazolam Long‐acting benzodiazepines chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, clorazepate, diazepam, flurazepam Opioids alfentanil, buprenorphine, butorphanol, codeine, dihydrocodeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphine, meperidine, methadone, morphine, nalbuphine, nucynta, oxycodone, oxymorphone, pentazocine, propoxyphene, remifentanil, sufentanil, tapentadol, talwin, tramadol, carfentanil, pethidine, and etorphine Antidepressants citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvozamine, paroxetine, sertraline; desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, venlafaxine; vilazodone, vortioxetine; nefazodone, trazodone; atomoxetine, reboxetine, teniloxazine, viloxazine; bupropion; amitriptyline, amitriptylinoxide, clomipramine, desipramine, dibenzepin, dimetacrine, dosulepin, doxepin, imipramine, lofepramine, melitracen,
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors - a Priority Direction for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction of Various Origins
    Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE 5 INHIBITORS - A PRIORITY DIRECTION FOR THE TREATMENT OF ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION OF VARIOUS ORIGINS Gafarov R.R.1, Bobokulov N.A.1, Batirov B.A.1, Muradov S.S.2 1 Samarkand State Medical Institute, 2 Sogda Medical Centre Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition in which a man is unable to achieve and maintain an erection to a degree sufficient for successful intercourse. ED is a serious problem affecting both the psychosocial state of the man and his partner [1]. In the ED development, the role of bad habits is great, for example, among smoking men it occurs 20% more often than among nonsmokers [2,3]. ED is associated with various comorbid conditions such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), cardiovascular disease, psychological factors, diabetes mellitus, post-radical prostatectomy, antidepressant medication and antihypertensive drugs, etc. (Table 1). Table 1. Pathophysiology of ED [4]. Vasculogenic Recreational habits (i.e., cigarette smoking) Lack of regular physical exercise Obesity Cardiovascular diseases (e.g. hypertension, coronary artery disease, peripheral vasculopathy) Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus; hyperlipidaemia; metabolic syndrome; hyperhomocysteinemia Major pelvic surgery (e.g., radical prostatectomy) or radiotherapy (pelvis or retroperitoneum) Neurogenic Central causes Degenerative disorders (e.g., multiple sclerosis,
    [Show full text]