Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices Among Domestic
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study Hashim A. Mahdi 1,2,3,* , Hamza M. Assaggaf 4,5,6 , Mohammad Alfelali 7 , Omar B. Ahmed 4,5, Radi Alsafi 4,5,6, Ramon Z. Shaban 8,9 , Robert Booy 1,2,10 and Harunor Rashid 1,2,10 1 National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; robert.booy@health.nsw.gov.au (R.B.); harunor.rashid@health.nsw.gov.au (H.R.) 2 Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 3 Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Jeddah 23442, Saudi Arabia 4 Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia; hmsaggaf@uqu.edu.sa (H.M.A.); abuaglah1@hotmail.com (O.B.A.); rtsafi@uqu.edu.sa (R.A.) 5 The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Al-Madinah Branch, Umm Al Qura University, Al-Madinah 42372, Saudi Arabia 6 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia 7 Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia; malfelali@kau.edu.sa 8 Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery & Marie Bashir Institute for Citation: Mahdi, H.A.; Assaggaf, Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; H.M.; Alfelali, M.; Ahmed, O.B.; ramon.shaban@sydney.edu.au Alsafi, R.; Shaban, R.Z.; Booy, R.; 9 New South Wales Biocontainment Centre and the Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Division Rashid, H.
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