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Connections and Divergences in Cultural Policy. State Of THE STATE OF CULTURE AND THE ARTS 04_2016 Links and Divergences in Cultural Policy THE STATE OF CULTURE AND THE ARTS 04_2016 Links and Divergences in Cultural Policy The document entitled State of Culture and the Arts 04_2016. Links and Divergences in Cul- tural Policy has been drawn up by the National Council for Culture and the Arts (Consell Na- cional de la Cultura i de les Arts -CoNCA) in compliance with article 4.a) of Act 6/2008, of 13th May, which regulates the Council and which establishes that it has the duty to prepare an annual report on the state of culture and the arts in Catalonia. This document was approved by the Plenary of CoNCA on 30th September 2016. Members of the Plenary: Carles Duarte i Montserrat, president Gemma Sendra i Planas, vicepresidenta primera David Albet i Sunyer, vicepresident segon Mercè Gisbert i Cervera, vocal Pilar Parcerisas i Colomer, vocal Isona Passola i Vidal, vocal Document co-ordination: Ramon Castells Ros Collaborators: Gemma Carbonell and Enric Carpio Mutgé With texts by Anna Villarroya, Judit Vidiella, Melba G. Claudio-González and Adriana Partal. We are grateful for the collaboration of the 233 people who responded to the survey on the cultural policy of the Department of Culture. Language correction and translations into Spanish and English: Tau Traduccions SL Design and layout: Eloi Andiñach – www.andinach.com Illustrations: Gras Printed by: Fundació Ampans Team at CoNCA: Director: Sílvia Muñoz d’Imbert Technical team: Anna Andreu Martínez, Jordi Auladell Marquès, Lídia Benito Porté, Gemma Carbonell Jorquera, Ramon Castells Ros, Jesús Fernández Acebal, Cèlia Garcia Trujillo, Cris- tina Huguet Martínez, Ana C. Loayza Martín, Lluïsa Sala i Tubert i Joan Torrent Pérez The document State of Culture and the A 04_2016. Links and Divergences in Cultural Policy, published by the National Council for Culture and the Arts (Consell Nacional de la Cultura i de les Arts - CoNCA), is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Inter- national licence. Copying, distribution and public communications without commercial use is permitted, provided that the source is cited. An electronic version of this report in Catalan and Spanish can be downloaded at: conca.gencat.cat. Barcelona, September 2016 Legal Deposit: B-8485-2013 Contents Preamble ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Chapter 1. Analysis of the cultural policy of the Department of Culture. The perspective of cultural agents ............................................................................................ 13 Chapter 2. External contributions ..................................................................................................................... 43 Cultural policies: analysis of the “hidden curriculum” Judit Vidiella –ERAM, centre associated to the University of Girona .................................................. 45 Education and culture in a non-formal setting: crossovers and challenges Judit Vidiella - ERAM, centre associated to the University of Girona ................................................. 57 Women and cultural policies Anna Villarroya, University of Barcelona .............................................................................................. 71 A comparative analysis of the cultural policies of Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain Melba G. Claudio-González, University of Barcelona ......................................................................... 79 Cultural impact assessments: or how to take into account the intangible in order to assure the sustainability of strategic decisions Adriana Partal, Research Officer on Urban Futures and Design ........................................................ 95 Chapter 3. Culture in figures .............................................................................................................................. 105 Addendum. Executive summary of the reports drawn up during the year .......................................... 141 Approximation to the ecosystem of professional artistic education and training in Catalonia................................................................................................................... 143 Cultural participation of Catalan young people. 2001-2015 ............................................... 147 6 Preamble Preamble 7 Preamble After years of decline in the indicators referring to the situation of the culture sector, a certain trend towards recovery can be detected last year, which can be seen in the figures shown in the section «Culture in Figu- res» at the end of this report. Below we provide a summary of those we consider most significant. As far as book publishing is concerned, there has been an increase in the number of publishers (from 649 in 2013 to 653 in 2014) and in the number of titles published (from 35,429 in 2014 to 39,381 in 2015). Turnover also increased after a number of years of decline, totalling 1.116 billion euros in 2015 which is 5.3% more than the previous year. Although the digital book market shows growth both in terms of the number of titles published and turnover, it still represents a minority part of the publishing business, as its turnover in 2015 was just 4% of the total. Finally, it should be noted that the public reading system has strengthened between 2009 and 2014 with 24 new libraries that bring reading closer to citizens. The film sector also shows signs of a possible recovery: both in terms of the number of films shown (20.6% more), and in terms of audience (8.2% more) and box office (10.4% more). Although Catalan film production has benefitted from this increase—the share of Catalan films has even improved, from 5.2% in 2014 to 7.7% in 2015—, it is clear that this percentage is very low compared to the total increase in films seen in Catalonia. Catalan film production continues to grow, to 93 films in 2015, a figure which represents an increase of 31% compared to the previous year; these figures suggest that Catalan film production has to deal with cons- tantly diminishing economic resources. As far as production in Catalan is concerned, unlike the situation with the theatre, literature and even music, where there is an acceptable level of creation in Catalan, in the film sector the number of films shot in Catalan is very low. Out of the films made by Catalan production compa- nies in 2015 only 22 were filmed in Catalan and those generally released at cinemas are the exception. On the other hand, the screening of films in Catalan increased from 2.6% to 3.3% in the same years; an increase which does not reflect the efforts made by public administrations to facilitate the presence of films in Catalan in cinemas, as only 588,503 of the almost 19 million cinemagoers in 2015 chose a film in Catalan. With regard to the live music sector, the declining trend observed in recent years continues. The number of scheduled concerts and the number of concertgoers have fallen compared to the previous year by 4.2% and 4% respectively, while turnover fell by 2.8%. Furthermore, the record industry continues with the decli- ne, which in this case, dates farther back. In 2015 the turnover hit a historic low of 8.6 million euros, a figure which represents a drop of 15.6% compared to the previous year. This declining trend in turnover in the physical and digital market does not hide the fact that production is growing and currently represent a third of the sales of recorded music. The theatre sector is probably the one showing most signs of recovery: the figures are positive in the number of companies and shows scheduled and especially in turnover which in 2014 increased by 18.5% compared to the previous year. The increase in the number of shows staged is significant in the dance sector, as they have increased by 11%, while programmed circus performances increased by 15 %. On the other hand, in museums a 6.1% fall in the number of visitors in 2014 compared to the previous year was detected, as well as a decrease in the planned activities and participants, which fell by 9.9% and 12.4% respectively. In relation to visual arts, the most recent figures available are for 2013 and were discussed in last year’s report. In Catalonia that year there were 144 art galleries, 100 of which are located in Barcelona, which generated turnover of 54 million euros. Art galleries, art centres and museums organized 1,027 exhibitions that displayed the work of 3,629 living artists. As has been discussed on other occasions, statistical figures on culture are not always up to date, which makes it difficult to monitor the evolution of the different culture subsectors. It is for this reason that we once again take this opportunity to highlight the need for an obser- vatory so that this does not happen. The improvement in the reference indicators is also reflected in the public budgets assigned to culture. After five years of continued fall, from 2014 onwards the budgets stabilize and commence a slight increase (from 6 Preamble Preamble 7 822 million in 2013 to 882 million in 2015), although this improvement comes mainly from the budgets of town and city councils and from provincial authorities. Furthermore, in the private sphere, between 2013 and 2014 the culture sector gained 2,375 companies, 645 employees and 288 million in GVA generated, showing the positive economic impact of investment in culture. Although these figures are
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