Vol. 8, No. 8 August 1998 INSIDE • Penrose Conferences, p. 7, 19 GSA TODAY • 1998 Medals and Awards, p. 8 • New Members Fellows, and A Publication of the Geological Society of America Student Associates, p. 20, 21 Slope Failure and Shoreline Retreat During Northern California’s Latest El Niño El Niño Response Group* S. H. Cannon, S. D. Ellen, S. E. Graham, R. W. Graymer, M. A. Hampton, J. W. Hillhouse, D. G. Howell, A. S. Jayko, R. L. LaHusen, K. R. Lajoie, R. J. Pike (lead compiler/editor), D. W. Ramsey, M. E. Reid, B. M. Richmond, W. Z. Savage, C. M. Wentworth, and R. C. Wilson U.S. Geological Survey

ABSTRACT Surface processes accelerated by severe storms during the 1997–1998 El Niño event scoured hillsides and damaged property across coastal Cali- fornia. Technological advances such as digital mapping, exemplified here for the San Francisco Bay area but applicable elsewhere, have enabled government agencies to better describe, monitor, and predict the effects of shoreline erosion and slope failure.

INTRODUCTION Major storms struck California in 1997–1998, ravaging the coast and spawn- ing floods and landslides (Fig. 1). By late spring, property losses statewide had exceeded $550 million, and 35 counties were declared Federal Disaster Areas. Mindful of severe winters past (Ellen, 1988) and the predicted El Niño anomaly, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) joined other agencies to anticipate new areas of hazard while sustaining monitoring efforts already in place across the state (http:// www.usgs.gov/elnino.html). Here, we illustrate some of the winter’s destructive geomorphic effects in the San Francisco Bay area (Fig. 2) and describe attempts to forecast them at a regional scale. Figure 1. Existing landslides—slumps, slides, and earthflows (red) for part of San Francisco Bay area, Our efforts targeted shoreline erosion on shaded-relief base (Wentworth et al., 1997). Photo: Reactivated 100-acre earthflow on Mission Peak, Fremont, and threatened homes (see Fig. 2 for location). In late March 1998, slide was still moving and slope failure. Permanent loss of 1 m/day. Photo by J. D. Rogers. coastal land and the structures on it to winter storms is an ongoing problem in northern California. Large waves coincide with the seasonally high tides (and in expansion) to erode beaches and undercut meters and involving surficial mantle and El Niño years, a sea level raised by thermal sea cliffs already weakened by saturated bedrock 1 to 50 m thick (Fig. 1), can per- soil. Two types of landslides are common sist for thousands of years (Varnes, 1978). in the Bay area. Debris flows are slurries Coastal California’s Mediterranean *Addresses (all USGS): Cannon and Savage— that run rapidly downslope and form thin, climate contributes to these damaging P.O. Box 25046, Lakewood, CO 80225; LaHusen— ephemeral deposits; the slower-moving processes (Fig. 3). Normal Bay area pre- 5400 MacArthur Blvd., Vancouver, WA 98661; all others—345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, slumps, translational slides and earth- CA 94025. flows, covering up to several square kilo- El Niño continued on p. 2 IN THIS ISSUE GSA TODAY August Vol. 8, No. 8 1998 Slope Failure and Shoreline Retreat GeoPals Program ...... 15 During Northern California’s GSAF Update ...... 16 GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published monthly Latest El Niño ...... 1 by The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 New Members ...... 20 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box In Memoriam ...... 2 New Fellows ...... 21 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. Periodicals postage New Student Associates ...... 22 paid at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. GSA On the Web ...... 6 Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Today, Member- Penrose Conferences Scheduled Book Reviews ...... 22 ship Services, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Subduction to Strike-Slip Transitions ..... 7 Letters ...... 24 Copyright © 1998, The Geological Society of America, Inc. Terrane Accretion—Cordilleran Margin ... 19 (GSA). All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on content 1999 Section Meetings ...... 25 prepared wholly by U.S. Government employees within the Dibblee Medal Awarded ...... 7 Contents: Bulletin and Geology ...... 26 scope of their employment. Permission is granted to individ- 1998 Medal and Award Winners ...... 8 Environmental and Engineering Geoscience .... 27 uals to photocopy freely all items other than the science arti- cles to further science and education. 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Axelrod Philip Oxley Stuart L. Schoff item in this publication by any means, including posting on Davis, California Washington, D.C. Maryville, Tennessee authors’ or organizational Web sites, except that permission is granted to authors to post the abstracts only of their sci- June 2, 1998 June 19, 1998 June 28, 1998 ence articles on their own or their organization’s Web site providing the posting includes this reference: “The full paper Ruth B. Curtis Hans Ramberg Ward C. Smith was published in the Geological Society of America’s news- Boulder, Colorado Uppsala, Sweden Cupertino, California magazine, GSA Today, [include year, month, and page num- June 5, 1998 May 5, 1998 June 25, 1998 ber if known, where article appears or will appear].” GSA provides this and other forums for the presentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, religion, or polit- ical viewpoint. Opinions presented in this publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. El Niño continued from p. 1 mid-April), providing waterlogged ground conducive to landsliding, slumping of SUBSCRIPTIONS for 1998 calendar year: Society Members: GSA Today is provided as part of membership cipitation peaks in mid-winter at 15 cm coastal bluffs, and flooding during winter dues. Contact Membership Services at (800) 472-1988, (6 in.)/mo, while evapotranspiration rainstorms. (303) 447-2020 or [email protected] for member- reaches its maximum 10 cm (4 in.)/mo) El Niño-warming of the eastern tropi- ship information. Nonmembers & Institutions: Free with paid subscription to both GSA Bulletin and Geology, six months later. This phase-shift exagger- cal Pacific further increases the seasonal otherwise $50 for U.S., Canada, and Mexico; $60 else- ates the seasonal difference in soil mois- contrast by sending extra precipitation where. Contact Subscription Services. Single copies may be requested from Publication Sales. Also available on an ture, from a nearly desiccated state (less into northern California (http://www. annual CD-ROM, (together with GSA Bulletin, Geology, GSA than 10 cm [4 in.], July through October) pmel.noaa.gov/toga-tao/el-nino/home. Data Repository, and an Electronic Retrospective Index to to saturated (25 cm [10 in.], January to html). The 1997–1998 rainy season began journal articles from 1972); $89 to GSA Members, others call GSA Subscription Services for prices and details. Claims: For nonreceipt or for damaged copies, members contact Membership Services; all others contact Subscription Ser- vices. Claims are honored for one year; please allow suffi- cient delivery time for overseas copies, up to six months.

STAFF: Prepared from contributions from the GSA staff and membership. Executive Director: Donald M. Davidson, Jr. Science Editors: Suzanne M. Kay, Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Molly F. Miller, Department of Geology, Box 117-B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235. Forum Editor: Bruce F. Molnia, U.S. Geological Survey, Figure 2. The 10- MS 917, National Center, Reston, VA 22092 county San Francisco Director of Publications: Peggy S. Lehr Bay region covered by Managing Editor: Faith Rogers Assistant Editor: Vanessa Carney new digital maps of Production Manager: Jon Olsen existing landslides, Production Editor and Coordinator: Joan E. Manly debris-flow sources, Graphics Production: Joan E. Manly, Leatha L. Flowers shaded relief, slope angle, and rainfall ADVERTISING: Classifieds and display: contact Ann Crawford, (303) 447-2020; fax 303-447-1133; acrawfor@ thresholds. Numbers geosociety.org. show locations of Fig- ures 1 (photo), 5–7, Issues of this publication are available as electronic Acrobat files for free download from GSA’s Web Site, http://www. and 9–12. geosociety.org. They can be viewed and printed on various personal computer operating systems: MSDOS, MSWin- dows, Macintosh, and Unix, using the appropriate Acrobat reader. Readers are available, free, from Adobe Corporation: http://www.adobe.com/acrobat/readstep.html. This publication is included on GSA’s annual CD-ROM, GSA Journals on Compact Disc. Call GSA Publication Sales for details. 50% Total Recoverd Fiber Printed in U.S.A. using pure soy inks. 10% Postconsumer

2 GSA TODAY, August 1998 Figure 3. Preconditions for slope failure. Rainfall, evapotranspiration, and Figure 4. Winter rainy season in San Francisco Bay area, showing excess of soil moisture for normal July 1–June 30 “water year” in uplands south rainfall for two El Niño years, 1982–1983 and 1997–1998, over that for nor- of San Francisco (Wilson, 1997). Saturation (soil moisture ≥10 in.) for mal year at Berkeley, California. Similar trends are observed across entire 1997–1998 winter (not shown) was achieved early, by December 8. region. Data from NWS and NOAA.

normally in autumn, but turned unusually flows are triggered by rain that is both sus- that are capable of fluidizing are primarily wet in late November (Fig. 4). By late Jan- tained and intense, but the amount/unit steep slopes (Fig. 7) that concentrate mois- uary, rainfall totals were above those for time necessary for failure (the “threshold”) ture and thus tend to be concave (Fig. 8; January 1983, the last El Niño year. Fre- differs from site to site (Fig. 5). These differ- Ellen, 1988). The map made from the new quent, heavy February rains far exceeded ences exist because slopes in the Bay region DEM (Fig. 6) infers source areas by measur- 1983 levels, bringing about the season’s reached equilibrium, and are now stable, ing terrain slope and curvature (concavity) most damaging events. A drier March under different conditions of precipitation, of actual debris-flow sources mapped from brought 1998 totals back below those for terrain, soil, and vegetation. Our new maps air photos after storms, and then delineat- 1983, but were still well above normal, (Fig. 5) based on annual precipitation ing as potential sources those parts of the and light rains persisted into June. Total (Cannon, 1988) and number of rainy days region with similar slope and curvature. accumulation across the Bay region was (Wilson, 1997), show rainfall/debris-flow Coarseness of the 30-m DEM, lack of data about 200% of normal. thresholds for rainfall durations of 6 and on watershed area, and the fact that debris 24 h (Wilson and Jayko, 1997). The maps flows travel well beyond their sources GETTING READY also locate 98 radio-telemetered rain (Fig. 8) preclude using the map to pin- gauges in the National Weather Service point the hazard at specific sites. Anticipating above-average winter (NWS) ALERT (Automatic Local Evaluation Debris flows occurred at expected rainfall for northern California (although in Real Time) network for the Bay area. localities in 1997–1998, but far fewer than El Niño does not necessarily bring the Local agencies monitor the gauges during most damaging storms; Ellen, 1988), we storms to determine whether rainfall is El Niño continued on p. 4 began in September to prepare maps and approaching threshold levels that may refine existing techniques that locate areas initiate debris flows. most vulnerable to slope failure. To pro- mote use of the new information before DEBRIS FLOW onset of the most severe (January) storms, we released all of it on the Internet as Most debris flows in coastal California digital databases (http://elnino.usgs.gov/ begin as shallow landslides in wet collu- landslides-sfbay/). We also delivered paper vial soil perched on slopes exceeding 25° maps and explanatory briefings to the (Fig. 6; Ellen, 1988). A single major storm state Office of Emergency Services and all can trigger thousands of them if the soil is ten counties (Fig. 2), and announced the already very wet, as during January 3–5, information widely through local media 1982 (a non–El Niño year), when about and in meetings with the public and spe- 18,000 debris flows occurred around cialized groups. San Francisco Bay, killing 25 people and The new Bay region maps required a causing $65 million in property damage digital elevation model (DEM), which we (Figs. 6, 7; Ellen, 1988). Summer wildfires assembled from 35,000,000 heights (30 m further increase the hazard (Spittler, 1995), spacing) from 200 small 7.5-minute DEMs. especially on chaparral hillsides in south- Its derivatives include shaded relief ern California where debris flows can be (Graham and Pike, 1997), ground-surface triggered earlier on burned than unburned slope, and predicted locations of debris- ground and by briefer, less intense storms; flow source areas (Ellen et al., 1997). no prior rainfall is necessary (http:// To further aid local decision makers in geohazards.cr.usgs.gov/html_files/ applying the information, we compiled landslides/scfires/scfiresloc.html). Figure 5. Rainfall thresholds for southern Marin the maps for major administrative units Our approach to predicting sources County. Different amounts of rain (here, 2 to 5 (counties) rather than by quadrangle of future debris flows is broad-scale, based in.) in the same period (6 h) are needed to upset the slope-stability equilibrium in different localities (Brabb et al., 1972). on measures of topographic form (Mark and trigger debris flows. Rainfall contours at 0.5 Also needed were maps that linked the and Ellen, 1995; Dietrich et al., 1995). in. (12.5 mm) intervals. Triangles are ALERT rain debris-flow hazard to precipitation. Debris The source areas for shallow landslides gauges. After Wilson and Jayko (1997).

GSA TODAY, August 1998 3 Nido slide were arriving at USGS comput- ers via radio telemetry, and within five days, data were accessible to Sonoma County geologists on their intranet. Sam- pled every second and transmitted rou- tinely every 10 minutes, the information is sent immediately in the event of ground vibrations associated with massive land- slide movement. The monitoring contin- ues to date.

LOSSES ON THE COAST Technological advances also have improved the ability to measure coastal change. Both before and after the 1997– 1998 winter, USGS mapped long segments of the U.S. west coast by high-precision airborne laser radar (LIDAR) to obtain quantitative estimates of land lost to wave erosion. (Results are under evaluation.) Frequent low-altitude photography recorded the effects of each large storm. Figure 6. Debris flows. Source areas modeled from terrain slope and curvature (red) commonly coin- To further alert the public to potential cide with debris-flow sources (dots) mapped after the January 1982 storm (Ellen et al., 1997). A. Source hazards, USGS released a catalog of dam- areas and tracks of 1998 debris flows in Alameda County (photo by S. D. Ellen). B. Home destroyed by 1998 debris flow in Marin County (photo by M. E. Reid). age incurred along the San Mateo County coast during the 1982–1983 El Niño (Lajoie and Mathiesson, 1998). Monthly 1997–1998 profiling of El Niño continued from p. 3 rain gauge recorded 10.75 cm (4.3 in.) central California beaches has already in 12 h (threshold 9.25 cm [3.7 in.]). revealed exaggerated seasonal changes. in the catastrophic storm of January 1982 One subsequent failure was spectacu- Normally, sand on west coast beaches is (Figs. 6, 7, 8). In southern California, the lar. On the rainy evening and early morn- moved offshore by large waves during abnormally severe erosion predicted by ing of February 6–7, tons of mud, trees, winter storms and returned by smaller USGS was confirmed for 23 study areas and debris rumbled 200 m down a steep waves in the calmer summer months. burned in 1997 wildfires and then moni- ridge in Sonoma County, destroying or Last winter, surveys in Santa Cruz County tored during winter rains. Response damaging a dozen homes in the small documented up to a 4-m decrease in beach ranged from flooding at canyon mouths town of Rio Nido. The series of debris elevation and up to a 60-m retreat of the to debris flows along canyon interiors. flows originated near the ridge top, from shoreline, about twice the normal amount All ten counties around San Francisco Bay the toe of a known active rotational land- (http://elnino.usgs.gov/coastal/). Monitor- reported some debris flows, although only slide in weathered sandstone bedrock. ing of beach recovery continues to assess in the storm of February 2–3 did rainfall Because the remaining landslide block— any permanent loss of sand. exceed mapped thresholds, and then in at 125 000 m3, about 10 times the volume Diminished beaches exposed much few places. This belt of intense debris-flow of the original debris flows—might fail coastal land to damaging storm waves. activity extended from the San Mateo catastrophically, 140 homes in the canyon Massive slope failure claimed several coast, causing the sole known fatality, into below were evacuated. homes in Pacifica, which is fronted by a northwest Santa Clara County, where a To detect changes in landslide move- low sea cliff in Pleistocene fluvial sands ment, monitor rainfall and ground water, and gravels overlain by Holocene dune and possibly anticipate massive failure, sands (Figs. 9, 10). This fragile coast had USGS installed a real-time data-collection been stable from 1853 to 1946. When 12 system on the perched block (Reid and houses were built on the seaward side of LaHusen, 1998). Twelve sensors adapted Esplanade Drive in 1949, the street still from remote monitoring of active volca- lay 45 m east of the 20-m-high bluff. noes provide near-continuous measure- Although by 1973 this distance had ments (LaHusen, 1996). Within a day of halved, it changed little thereafter, even authorization, real-time data on the Rio in 1982–1983 El Niño storms (Fig. 9).

Figure 8. Source areas (red) and runout tracks (yellow) modeled from a digital ele- vation model for typical debris flows. The locations pos- ing greatest risk during heavy rain Figure 7. Coincidence of source areas for 1982 are those where debris flows debris flows (dots) with steeper slopes in coastal debouched most frequently in 1982 and San Mateo County. Slope angle ranges from 0% 1998 storms: (1) bases of hillsides, (2) mouths to 5% (violet) to over 70% (red). Compiled by of sidehill drainages, (3) mouths of canyons drain- S. E. Graham. Area shown is about 3 km across. ing steep terrain (Ellen et al., 1997).

4 GSA TODAY, August 1998 of movement is the presence of past land- slide deposits (Nilsen and Turner, 1975), maps of old slides are helpful in locating potential hazards. Most of the 85,000 landslides around San Francisco Bay, shown on 1:12 000 to 1:62 500-scale maps (Pike, 1997), show no fresh movement. However, in any given year a few of them may be reactivated (Figs. 1, 11, 12), and new failures may occur. A 1:125 000-scale summary of Bay area landslides (Went- worth et al., 1997) revises the map of Figure 9. Historic retreat of sea cliff at Esplanade Drive, Pacifica, and the 12 houses imperiled (10 were Nilsen et al. (1979), adding data and con- condemned and demolished) in 1998. Aerial photo (1973) courtesy of K. R. Lajoie. verting the original to digital form (Fig. 1). The new map distinguishes hillsides rich in evidence of movement from those with few recognized failures. The map is a gen- eralized depiction of potential hazard; any area thus identified may require a detailed Figure 10. Doomed site analysis by a geotechnical engineer. houses on Esplanade Drive, Pacifica, perched on One such ancient landslide underlies retreating sea cliff, from much of the rural village of La Honda in beach below. Photo taken San Mateo County (Fig. 11). Parts of the April 1, 1998, by K. R. 1.25-km2 complex have moved in historic Lajoie. times, and a segment measuring 160 m × 140 m and about 8 m deep was reactivated early in 1998 at the Scenic Drive locale (Jayko et al., 1998). Homes on the land- slide began to deform even before the two weeks of heavy rain in early February, By early March 1998, however, six foun- just beneath the houses, accelerated the when deformation then accelerated from dations were undercut and all but two collapse. Retreat was greatest where a millimeters to centimeters per day and homes condemned (Fig. 10). By April, the buried bedrock ridge deflected the abnor- continued until rainfall slackened late in cliff had retreated up to 15 m, and parts mally high ground-water flow out of the the month. Movement recommenced fol- of three houses had dropped to the beach. cliff face, inducing erosive piping in two lowing March rains, and the slide was still The primary agent was heavy surf, cohesionless sand beds lower in the sec- moving slowly in April. which stripped the narrow beach and tion. This loss was not unique. Coastal Landslides elsewhere across the state directly attacked soft sediments further dwellings just to the north in Daly City destroyed homes, disrupted utilities, and weakened by ground-water saturation. face a similar fate, and seven cliffside closed roads for months (40 breaks in the Breaking waves undercut the cliff face, homes north of Sonoma County were Pacific Coast Highway alone). On April 23, inducing block falls and slumps in the destroyed in February 1998. 1998, an ancient, previously mapped oversteepened bluff. Dry sand pouring earthflow cut the pipelines supplying from dune deposits highest in the section, SLUMP, SLIDE, AND EARTHFLOW natural gas to 95% of Santa Cruz County (Fig. 12). (Only half of these residents lost Landslides other than debris flows service in the 1989 Loma Prieta earth- pose hazards to property (Figs. 1, 11, 12), quake.) Many damaging landslides but their slower movement rarely threat- occurred in southern California; they ens life directly (Varnes, 1978). When they are being studied jointly by USGS and move—in response to such changes as the state Division of Mines and Geology increased water content, seismic shaking, (http://geology.wr.usgs.gov/wgmt/elnino/ added load, or removal of downslope sup- scampen/products.html). port—slumps, slides, and earthflows (here- Waning of the prolonged 1997–1998 after “landslides”) can destroy founda- rainy season did not end the landslide tions, offset roads, and break buried pipes hazard in the San Francisco Bay area. The as well as override property downslope. Because one of the better predictors El Niño continued on p. 6

Figure 12. Reactivated earthflow near town of Aromas (see Fig. 2 for loca- tion), that cut natural gas service to 60,000 Santa Cruz County residents on April 23, 1998. Photo by W. R. Cotton.

Figure 11. Ancient landslide reactivated in early 1998, at Scenic Drive, La Honda. Head scarp has deformed house in upper right. After Jayko et al. (1998).

GSA TODAY, August 1998 5 LaHusen, R. G., 1996, Detecting debris flows using El Niño continued from p. 5 in all 50 states (Schuster, 1996), moreover, ground vibrations: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet and much of the U.S. coastline is eroding. water table in some places remained high 236-96. By mapping localities at risk and studying or continued to rise, reactivating such Lajoie, K. R., and Mathiesson, S. A., 1998, 1982–83 the processes and timing of accelerated El Niño coastal erosion, San Mateo County, CA: U.S. ancient slides as Mission Peak (Fig. 1) and geomorphic activity, USGS is preparing Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-041, 61 p. foretelling possible slope movements well not only the San Francisco Bay region but Mark, R. K., and Ellen, S. D., 1995, Statistical and into summer. simulation models for mapping debris-flow hazard, in Los Angeles, Seattle, and other growing Carrara, Alberto, and Guzzetti, Fausto, eds., Geographi- urban centers to face the hazards posed IMPACT AND PROSPECT cal information systems in assessing natural hazards: by future storms. Just as Californians have Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer, p. 93–106. USGS digital maps dramatically learned to live, however uneasily, with Nilsen, T. H., and Turner, B. L., 1975, Influence of rain- sharpened public awareness of the links earthquakes, a similar wary accommoda- fall and ancient landslide deposits on recent landslides (1950–71) in urban areas of Contra Costa County, CA: between surface processes and prudent tion with slope failure and coastal retreat U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1388, 18 p. land use in the Bay area. Newspapers car- can be reached by residents everywhere. Nilsen, T. H., Wright, R. H., Vlasic, T. C., and Spangle, ried maps showing landslide-prone terrain W. E., 1979, Relative slope stability and land-use plan- (from Fig. 1) overlapping areas zoned for ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ning in the San Francisco Bay region, CA: U.S. Geologi- residential construction, kindling anew the cal Survey Professional Paper 944, 96 p. Authorship includes direct contribu- debate on suburban sprawl, stability Pike, R. J., 1997, Index to detailed maps of landslides tors to this article. We thank the many in the San Francisco Bay region, CA: U.S. Geological of engineered hillslopes, and financial lia- other colleagues who supported USGS Survey Open-File Report 97-745 D. bility. In six months, the USGS El Niño response to the 1997–1998 El Niño in Reid, M. E., and LaHusen, R. G., 1998, Real-time moni- Web site attracted 185,000 visits, a quarter California and who are named in Open- toring of active landslides along Highway 50, El Dorado of them in February alone. Local officials County: California Geology, v. 51, no. 3, p. 17–20. File Report 97-745 and in USGS Web sites. used the new information in pre-storm Schuster, R. L., 1996, Socioeconomic significance of Tom Bullard, Bill Cotton, Dave Rogers, exercises to train emergency-service crews landslides, in Turner, A. K., and Schuster, R. L., eds., Skip Stoddard, and an unidentified referee Landslides, investigation and mitigation: Washington, and, during storms, direct them to hillsides reviewed the manuscript. D.C., Transportation Research Board, NRC, Special most likely to fail. The data also are being Report 247, p. 12–35. incorporated into county and municipal REFERENCES CITED Soeters, R., and van Westen, C. J., 1996, Slope instabil- planning for disaster relief. During the ity recognition, analysis, and zonation, in Turner, A. K., height of the storm season, the Office of Brabb, E. E., Pampeyan, E. H., and Bonilla, M. G., 1972, and Schuster, R. L., eds., Landslides, investigation and Landslide susceptibility in San Mateo County, CA: mitigation: Washington, D.C., Transportation Research Emergency Services, USGS, and NWS U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map Board, NRC, Special Report 247, p. 129–177. maintained a hazard advisory system MF-360. Spittler, T. E., 1995, Fire and the debris-flow potential through daily telephone contact, and Cannon, S. H., 1988, Regional rainfall-threshold of winter storms, in Keeley, J. E., and Scott, T., eds., USGS Landslide Program staff assisted the conditions for abundant debris-flow activity, in Ellen, Proceedings, Symposium, Brushfires in California Wild- lands, Ecology and Resource Management: Fairfield, Federal Emergency Management Agency at S. D., and Wieczorek, G. F., eds., Landslides, floods, and marine effects of the storm of January 3–5, 1982, in the Washington, International Association of Wildland its Disaster Field Office in the state capitol. San Francisco Bay Region, CA: U.S. Geological Survey Fire, p. 113–120. Preliminary field surveys by USGS and Professional Paper 1434 , p. 35–42. Varnes, D. J., 1978, Slope movement types and local agencies in April and May estimated Dietrich, W. E., Reiss, R., Hsu, M., and Montgomery, processes, in Schuster, R. L., and Krizek, R. J., eds., $140 million in damage across the Bay D. R., 1995, A process-based model for colluvial soil Landslides: Analysis and control: Washington, D.C., depth and shallow landsliding using digital elevation Transportation Research Board, NAS, Special Report region from 470 major slope failures, data: Hydrological Processes, v. 9, p. 383–400. 176, p. 11–33. mostly slumps, slides, and earthflows— Ellen, S. D., 1988, Description and mechanics of soil Wentworth, C. M., Graham, S. E., Pike, R. J., Beukel- debris flows were less important (in slip/debris-flows in the storm, in Ellen, S. D., and Wiec- man, G. S., Ramsey, D. W., and Barron, A. D., 1997, marked contrast to 1982). Hardest hit zorek, G. F., eds., Landslides, floods, and marine effects Summary distribution of slides and earth flows in the San Francisco Bay region, CA: U.S. Geological Survey was San Mateo County, with 29 damaging of the storm of January 3–5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay Region, CA: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Open-File Report 97-745 C. slides, 31 homes condemned, and $45 mil- Paper 1434, p. 63–112. Wilson, R. C., 1997, Normalizing rainfall–debris-flow lion in losses. Many more small failures, Ellen, S. D., Mark, R. K., Wieczorek, G. F., Wentworth, thresholds along the U.S. Pacific coast for long-term many of them unreported, in undeveloped C. M., Ramsey, D. W., and May, T. E., 1997, Map show- variations in precipitation climate, in Chen, C.-L., ed., areas did not affect roads or dwellings. ing principal debris-flow source areas in the San Fran- Proceedings, Debris-Flow Hazards Mitigation, 1st cisco Bay region, CA: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File International Conference: San Francisco, California, Obstacles remain to reducing future Report 97-745 E. Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil losses, both in the Bay area and elsewhere. Engineers, p. 32–43. Graham, S. E., and Pike, R. J., 1997, Shaded relief map For example, no quantitative maps of of the San Francisco Bay region, CA: U.S. Geological Wilson, R. C., and Jayko, A. S., 1997, Preliminary maps landslide susceptibility exist on which to Survey Open-File Report 97-745-B. showing rainfall thresholds for debris-flow activity, San Francisco Bay region, CA: U.S. Geological Survey Open- base public policy for the hazard and the Jayko, A. S., Rymer, M. J., Prentice, C. S., Wilson, File Report 97-745 F. R. C., and Wells, R. E., 1998, The Scenic Drive landslide elusive goal of landslide insurance. This ■ Jan–Feb 1998, La Honda, San Mateo County, CA: Manuscript received May 1, 1998; accepted June 2, 1998 need can be met by examining the multi- U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 98-229. ple controls on slope failure (Brabb et al., 1972). Computer capabilities now enable us to combine landslide distribution, the properties of geologic materials, and ter- GSA ON THE WEB rain geometry to map landslide suscepti- bility and devise models of debris-flow Visit the GSA Web Site at http://www.geosociety.org. runout (Soeters and van Westen, 1996). In From our home page you can link to many information resources. west coast metropolitan areas, the possibil- Here are some highlights: ity of a severe earthquake during the rainy See the Meetings page for information on the 1998 GSA Annual Meeting. Featured are: season increases the urgency of such work. symposia and theme listings, abstracts information, field trips, short courses, special pro- Historically, quite apart from El Niño grams, registration information, and travel and housing information. years, landslides and shoreline erosion accompany all large winter storms along The abstract submittal deadline for the GSA 1998 Annual Meeting has passed. A total of the Pacific coast (Ellen, 1988). Our field 2,399 abstracts were received this year, 72% of them via our Web form. A list of all studies, digital maps, and monitoring thus received is on the Web, under the “Meetings” heading. Watch this site for acceptance apply well beyond 1997–1998 and the Bay and schedule information. region. Slope failure is a land-use problem

6 GSA TODAY, August 1998 JANUARY 18–24, 1999 Fifth Dibblee Penrose Subduction to Medal Awarded Strike-slip Transitions Dorothy L. Stout, CONFERENCE Cypress College, Cypress, California on Plate Boundaries GSA Fellow Clarence A. Hall, professor and dean emeritus at the University of A Geological Society of America Pen- sition areas characterized by deep trenches California, Los Angeles, is the 1998 rose Conference, “Subduction to Strike- that are the sites of some of the world’s recipient of the Dibblee Medal pre- slip Transitions on Plate Boundaries,” will largest gravity minima? (3) How does the sented May 1, 1998, at the Dibblee be held January 18–24, 1999, in Puerto behavior of subducted slabs in subduction Luncheon held at the AAPG-SEPM Plata, Dominican Republic. This location to strike-slip transition areas affect upper meeting in Ventura, California. is within the active subduction to strike- crustal deformation in the transition slip transition area of the North America– region? What is the role of slab rupture Citationist John Crowell, University of Caribbean plate-boundary zone, so the at depth, interaction of two opposed slabs California, Santa Barbara, stated that conference will include a field trip along at depth, extension of subducted slabs, Hall has “made outstanding contribu- the primary strike-slip fault (Septentrional and completely detached slabs like the tions to geology through geological fault zone) within the plate-boundary ones present in the mantle beneath the mapping and the interpretation of his zone. Shoreline features record recent Dominican Republic? (4) What is the sedi- maps” for he is “a master in the diffi- activity of the offshore subduction bound- mentary and structural record of subduc- cult science and art of geological map- ary that included a magnitude 8.1 earth- tion to strike-slip transition along ancient ping which demonstrates regional quake in 1946. plate boundaries? Is there a systematic significance.” The meeting will assemble a multi- and predictable progression of structures In highlighting Hall’s career, Crowell disciplinary group of the world’s leading that indicates that such a transition has pointed out that Hall had produced experts from the United States, the occurred? What clues from these ancient more than a dozen quadrangle-sized Caribbean, New Zealand, Latin America, events can be used to better understand maps in the west-central Coast Ranges Europe, and other areas. The purpose is to active boundaries? (5) What are the seis- and the White-Inyo Mountains of foster discussion of new ideas and develop mic and tsunami hazards associated with California, and has mapped along associations between ideas drawn from subduction to strike-slip transition areas? the North Pyrenean fault in southern different disciplines in earth science. Talks Can answers to tectonically related ques- France. His careful mapping and syn- and discussions will focus on a better char- tions 1–4 above be used to better under- thesis of complex country in coastal acterization of the tectonic controls and stand and perhaps reduce these hazards? California from the Monterey Bay deformational effects of subduction to The conference is limited to 65 partic- region to the Transverse Ranges resulted strike-slip transition areas. Experts in geol- ipants. We encourage interested graduate in “HALLmark” papers supporting large- ogy, seismology, paleoseismology, geodesy, students to apply; some partial student scale strike slip on some of California’s modeling of geological and geophysical subsidies will be available. The registration major faults and enabled identification data, and deep seismic imaging will discuss fee, which covers lodging, meals, field of the Southern California allochthon. deformation at all levels in lithosphere and trips, and all other conference costs except mantle of subduction to strike-slip transi- personal incidentals, is not known at this In his response, emphasizing his love tion areas. This information will provide time. Participants will be responsible for of geologic mapping and interpreta- insights into the seismogenic mechanisms transportation to and from the confer- tion, Hall shared his philosophy of geo- for the large and commonly destructive ence. Further information on travel will logic mapping, for “the field is where earthquakes that affect these areas. be provided in the letter of invitation. geologic problems lie waiting to be Pariticpants will focus on the mani- Co-conveners are: Paul Mann, Insti- found, rethought, or restudied. A geo- festation of both tectonic styles in tectoni- tute for Geophysics, University of Texas logic map is the essential foundation cally active areas including the Dominican at Austin, 4412 Spicewood Springs Rd., for studying geologic problems. Yet the Republic, Trinidad and eastern Venezuela, Austin, TX 78759, [email protected]. useful scientific lifetime of a geologic Panama and Costa Rica, the Scotia Sea, edu, (512) 471-0452, fax 512-471-8844; map is rarely more than 25 to 50 years northern California, eastern Alaska, the Nancy Grindlay, Dept. of Earth Sciences, because new paradigms or new infor- western Aleutian arc and Kamchatka, University of North Carolina, 601 South mation and thought alter the interpre- Japan, Taiwan, the Marianas trench, New College Road, Wilmington, NC 28403- tation of geologic features or cause Guinea and Irian Jaya, New Zealand and 3297, [email protected], (910) 962- new elements of the geology to be rec- the Macquarie Ridge, Indonesia, Thailand, 3736, fax 910-962-7077; James F. Dolan, ognized for the first time; as examples, Pakistan, and the Alpine-Mediterranean Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of transform and detachment faults.” area. Experts on other transition areas or Southern California, Los Angeles, CA Hall concluded, “Remove geologic on non–site-specific modeling work are 90089-0740, [email protected], (213) maps and the making of geologic welcome as participants. 740-8599, fax 213-740-0011. maps from geology and you remove Discussion topics by keynote speakers Application deadline is September 1, the essence of geology.” and participants will include the follow- 1998. Invitations will be mailed to par- ing: (1) How is plate motion partitioned ticipants by October 1, 1998. Potential Previous recipients of the Dibblee between outboard subduction systems participants should send a letter of appli- Medal are Lehigh Hintze, (1994), and inboard strike-slip systems, and how cation to Paul Mann (address above), Peter Rowley (1995), Jack Vedder do these features interact to produce the including a brief statement of interests, (1996), and Parke Snavely, Jr. (1997). observed patterns of diffuse seismicity and the relevance of the applicant’s recent To learn more about the Thomas W. active faulting? Is there any evidence for work to the themes of the conference, Dibblee Geologic Foundation, see linked seismic events in the two systems? and a proposed title of their presentation http://dibblee.geol.ucsb.edu/. (2) Why are strike-slip to subduction tran- (oral or poster; poster preferred). ■

GSA TODAY, August 1998 7 GSA Names 1998 Medal and Award Recipients

PENROSE MEDAL RIP RAPP ARCHAEOLOGICAL O. E. MEINZER AWARD Jack E. Oliver GEOLOGY AWARD (HYDROGEOLOGY DIVISION) Department of Geological Sciences Vance T. Holliday Mary P. Anderson Snee Hall Department of Geography Department of Geology and Geophysics Cornell University University of Wisconsin University of Wisconsin Ithaca, New York 14853-1504 550 N. Park Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1491 DAY M EDAL G. K. GILBERT AWARD GILBERT H. CADY AWARD Edward B. Watson (PLANETARY GEOLOGY DIVISION) (COAL GEOLOGY DIVISION) Department of Earth and Environmental John B. Adams Sciences No award will be given in 1998 Department of Geological Sciences Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute University of Washington 110 Eighth Street E. B. BURWELL, JR., AWARD Seattle, Washington 98195 Troy, New York 12180-3590 (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY DIVISION) Roger T. Saucier KIRK BRYAN AWARD DONATH MEDAL 4325 Winchester Road (QUATERNARY GEOLOGY AND (YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD) Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-8969 GEOMORPHOLOGY DIVISION) Terry Plank Lawson M. Smith Vance T. Holliday Department of Geology 502 Winding Hills Department of Geography 120 Lindley Hall Clinton, Mississippi 39056 University of Kansas University of Wisconsin Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2124 Whitney J. Autin 550 N. Park Street Institute of Environmental Studies Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1491 Louisiana State University NEW HONORARY FELLOWS Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-5705 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY Shigeo Aramaki GEORGE P. W OOLLARD AWARD AND TECTONICS DIVISION Department of Earth Sciences CAREER CONTRIBUTION AWARD Nihon University (GEOPHYSICS DIVISION) Sakura-josui, Setagaya-ku Thomas H. Jordan Albert W. Bally Tokyo 156, Japan Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Department of Geology and Geophysics Rice University, MS 126 Victor E. Khain Planetary Sciences 6100 S. Main Street Institute of the Lithosphere Massachusetts Institute of Technology Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Russian Academy of Sciences 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 54-918 22 Starometny per Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 109180 Moscow, Russia GSA DISTINGUISHED Werner-Friedrich Schreyer HISTORY OF GEOLOGY AWARD SERVICE AWARD Institut für Mineralogie Hatten S. Yoder, Jr. James R. Clark Ruhr-Universität Bochum Geophysical Laboratory 7195 Bridgeview Avenue Universitatsstrasse 150 Carnegie Institution of Washington Las Vegas, Nevada 89117 44780 Bochum, Germany 5251 Broad Branch Road, N.W. Washington, DC 20015-1305 June R. Forstrom 7705 East Baseline Road Boulder, Colorado 80303 Charles J. Mankin Will humankind Oklahoma Geological Survey enjoy a livable future University of Oklahoma on 100 East Boyd Street, Room N-131 planet Earth? Norman, Oklahoma 73019-0628 Geology must become the premier science for George R. Hallberg The Cadmus Group, Inc. answering this question in the affirmative. 135 Beaver Street Your Geological Society of America wants Waltham, MA 02154 to work with you in meeting this challenge.

Watch for your ballot, in the 1997 Annual Report, Please complete it, and return it to GSA by September 11. Vote!

8 GSA TODAY, August 1998 COMMENTARY The Pliocene-Pleistocene (Tertiary-Quaternary) Boundary Should Be Placed at About 2.6 Ma, Not at 1.8 Ma!

Roger Morrison, Morrison and Associates, Golden, CO 80401 George Kukla, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY 10964

Formal decision as to the stratigraphic marine foraminifera, shows that a stepwise There are two kinds of unquestioned level and international stratotype for the semiperiodic series of cooling events worldwide markers for the PPB at about 2.6 Pliocene-Pleistocene Epoch-Series boundary markedly intensified about 2.6 m.y. ago. Ma: the G-M reversal, and the prominent (PPB) is soon to be made by the Interna- After several million years of warm climate discontinuity between marine oxygen-iso- tional Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) that never became colder than Pleistocene tope stages MIS 100 and MIS 101 just above and the International Geological Congress interglacials, small to moderate ice sheets the G-M reversal. They can be easily identi- (IGC), although the level where this bound- developed in Europe and North America fied by accompanying faunal and floral ary will be placed remains controversial. and the 18O proxy of global ice volume shifts (warm–cold) in deposits throughout Being also a period-system boundary, it shifted significantly. These globally impor- the world. Both markers have transient, must meet the strict criteria of the Interna- tant climatic threshold-crossing events are indeterminate zones a few thousands of tional Stratigraphic Code and formal adop- excluded from the Pleistocene by placing years long, but so also do all types of pale- tion by ICS and IGC. Key conditions are the PPB at 1.8 Ma, where there is no signifi- ontologic criteria. the unambiguous recognition and ease of cant shift in climate. A PPB at about 2.6 Ma will be readily correlation in as many marine and non- 2. A PPB at about 2.6 Ma is better recognizable globally and far more useful to marine terrains throughout the world as marked paleontologically than one at geologists and oceanographers throughout possible. 1.8 Ma on a worldwide basis. Around this the world. It is a true climatostratigraphic For decades, opinions among geolo- time not only discoasters became extinct boundary that represents a major shift in gists about the PPB were as diverse as their but in Mediterranean sequences also the global air, ocean, and land climate systems. beliefs about religion, morality—and presi- forams Globorotalia bononiensis and Placing the PPB at 2.6 Ma will accommo- dents. In 1948 the IGC resolved that the Neogloboquadrina atlantica. date the two classic concepts of the Quater- PPB ought to be located in an Italian 3. The most complete loess sequences nary Period, of it being the start of the last marine section, in the mistaken belief that in the world, in China and eastern Europe, Great Ice Age (we are not through it yet), northern invertebrate fauna would immedi- show that loess deposition began soon after and that it is the Age of Man (earliest ately appear in the Mediterranean at the Gauss-Matuyama (G-M) magnetic humanoids evolved near then). the onset of the first Neogene climatic dete- reversal and lasted intermittently into the Our feeling is that if the PPB somehow rioration, marking the beginning of the Holocene. The start of significant loess is defined at the 1.8 Ma level, eventually Pleistocene as the last Ice Age. In 1984, after deposition marks a major threshold cross- it will be found to be so impractical that it 36 years of contention, the International ing in the atmospheric circulation pattern will be generally ignored, until it is replaced Union on Geologic Stratigraphy adopted an in the northern hemisphere at around by a workable PPB at 2.6 Ma. The 1948 emerged marine shelf-edge sequence at 2.6 Ma. decision by the IGC should be reevaluated Vrica, near Crotone, Italy; the PPB was 4. Although the PPB must be defined in the light of a wealth of new data and placed at the first appearance of “cold- primarily on the basis of marine organisms, techniques (e.g., birth of magnetostratigra- guest” foraminifera Hyalinea baltica and a boundary at 2.6 Ma is close to the G-M phy and new dating and climatometric Globorotalia inflata. The Vrica tephra layer Chron boundary. This major geomagnetic methods) and intensive geoscience explo- and the top of the Olduvai geomagnetic reversal will be the most used proxy bench- ration on land and sea during the ensuing Subchron indicate the age of this level at mark for the PPB. It can be identified far 50 years. ■ about 1.8 Ma. Accordingly, many geological more readily in sequences throughout the organizations, including the U.S. Geologi- world than the ambiguous top of the short cal Survey, have provisionally adopted 1.8 Olduvai Subchron. This fact is especially Ma as the PPB level. important for geologists who work on land. Nonetheless, geologists in many coun- Synthesis. The crux of our argument is Tyler Prize tries (New Zealand, China, South Africa, that a PPB at 1.8 Ma is not sufficiently well Germany, Netherlands, and others), unable marked by globally recognizable strati- Nominations Due Soon to localize this horizon in their working graphic criteria to become a practical world- Nominations are due September 15, areas, strenuously protested having the PPB wide epoch-series–period-system boundary. 1998, for the Tyler Prize, awarded for placed at 1.8 Ma. In 1995 the Commission It is not marked by any distinctive litho- or on Stratigraphy of the International Union biostratigraphic discontinuity accompany- (1) protection, maintenance, improve- for Quaternary Research (INQUA) resolved ing a substantial global change in climate. ment, or understanding of ecological to fix the PPB at basal Gelasian Stage, 2.6 In most North American stratigraphic and environmental conditions any- Ma, approximately coincident with the sequences there are no criteria by which a where in the world, or (2) discovery, Gauss-Matuyama geomagnetic reversal, PPB at this level could be identified. It has further development, improvement, contingent upon finding a suitable interna- no significance in the glacial and climatic or understanding of known or new tional stratotype. history (several glaciations were earlier); it sources of energy. For information on We argue that a PPB at 1.8 Ma is woe- is not marked by distinctive lithostrati- how to nominate for the prize, see fully unsuitable as the level for this period- graphic changes in sedimentation, or in http://www.usc.edu/go/TylerPrize/ system–epoch-series boundary. Far better pedogenesis, or in dispersal of plants or or contact [email protected] or (213) will be a PPB at 2.6 Ma, for the following microtine rodents or other vertebrate fau- 740-6559, fax 213-740-1313. Self reasons. nas. Clearly it is so obscure that it is not nominations are not accepted. 1. The chief modern proxy of global suitable for a boundary of period-system climate state, the oxygen-isotope ratio of rank.

GSA TODAY, August 1998 9 WASHINGTON REPORT

Bruce F. Molnia, [email protected] USGS Geologic Division Releases New Science Strategy

Geology for a Changing World, A Sci- ucts that must be generated for the suc- ble for variations in local site response to ence Strategy for the Geologic Division of the cessful implementation of the goal and at natural hazards; and (5) develop and use U.S. Geological Survey, 2000–2010 (USGS least two types of strategic actions funda- consistent methods for local-, regional-, circular 1172) is the new product of a 10- mental to its success. According to the and national-scale hazard assessments for person Science Strategy Team charged Strategy, “By undertaking the scientifically each type of hazard. with creating “a succinct strategy for the challenging and vital research activities Goal 2 products are: (1) predisaster activities of the Geologic Division in the outlined in the new Strategy, the [division] scenarios, (2) mid-disaster estimates, and first decade of the next century (2000– can effectively address the Nation’s most (3) postdisaster documentation. Goal 2 2010), within the broad outlines of the pressing science issues of the next strategic actions are: (1) significantly 1996 USGS Strategic Plan.” In addition to decade.” In general, these issues focus on expand and upgrade monitoring capa- nine USGS employees, the team included understanding human interaction with bilities; (2) create rapid response teams; George A. Thompson of Stanford Univer- the natural environment. The Strategy’s (3) develop and implement strategies to sity, 1996–1997 president of the Geolog- goals build upon long-term USGS invest- use innovative remote-sensing technolo- ical Society of America. According to the ments in basic research on the fundamen- gies; and (4) focus research on the funda- committee chair, Associate Chief Geolo- tal geologic processes controlling how mental physical processes that result in gist for Science Steven R. Bohlen, the Earth works. The Strategy states that its or occur during natural disasters. team’s objective was to “develop a 10-year goals are consistent with the mandated Goal 3 products are: (1)national, plan for the [Geologic Division’s] scien- role of the USGS as a federal science issue-specific, and total-cost assessment of tific activities by anticipating broad agency charged with providing long-term the nation’s petroleum, coal, and selected national and global scientific issues and monitoring, research, and assessments. metallic and industrial mineral resources; needs, identifying promising new research The goals are ambitious, and their success (2) geological, geophysical, and geochemi- directions to address these needs, and will require the Geologic Division to col- cal maps, surveys, and syntheses of care- evaluating the implications of these scien- laborate extensively with the other USGS fully selected geographic areas in support tific directions on [division] staffing.” divisions, other federal agencies, state of resource assessments; (3) quantitative To develop the new strategy, the geological surveys, and academic col- global assessments of oil and gas resources team looked both externally and inter- leagues. Typically, investigations will be at and selected high-value mineral resources; nally. Externally, they examined recent the regional to national scale. However, and (4) integrated life-cycle models of reviews of USGS programs by groups such localized studies and demonstration pro- selected mineral and energy commodities. as the new National Academy of Science– jects will also be conducted, either on fed- Goal 3 strategic actions are: (1) evaluate National Research Council Committee eral lands or in other areas of national national and global trends in energy and on Future Roles, Challenges, and Oppor- interest, to develop principles and meth- mineral resource use; (2) focus geoscience tunities for the USGS; science and strate- ods that can be applied much more field investigations on carefully selected gic plans of earth science agencies of broadly. geographic areas in support of national other countries; strategic planning docu- The Strategy’s first three goals define resource assessments; (3) focus interdisci- ments of other federal agencies; and sci- future thrusts in traditional areas of plinary research on the key geologic pro- ence and strategic plans of national and national leadership for the Geologic Divi- cesses that control the origin and distribu- international earth science organizations, sion studies of the nation’s geologic haz- tion of energy sources and mineral such as GSA. Internally, the team ards and natural resources: Goal 1—Con- deposit types with present or anticipated reviewed the new Strategic Plan for the U.S. duct geologic hazard assessments for high demand; and (4) develop quantita- Geological Survey, 1997 to 2005, published mitigation planning; Goal 2—Provide tive total-cost assessment methods. Note in June 1996, other USGS division plans, short-term prediction of geologic disasters that the first goal integrates knowledge and draft versions of five-year program and rapidly characterize their effects; about the potential location, size, and fre- plans and past recommendations of the Goal 3—Advance the understanding of quency of a geologic hazard with knowl- Geologic Division Science Advisory Com- the nation’s energy and mineral resources edge of a region’s or site’s vulnerability to mittee. in a global geologic, economic, and envi- the effects of such an event, whereas the Through a series of panel discussions, ronmental context. second goal addresses the role of the Geo- the Science Strategy Team heard from Goal 1 products are: (1) regional- logic Division in providing timely infor- more than 250 people, including scien- and national-scale probabilistic maps and mation on both the likely and the actual tists and managers from within the Geo- interactive databases; (2) deterministic geologic effects of disasters in the short logic Division and the USGS; leaders from scenarios to aid in local and regional term before, during, and after a hazardous within the U.S. Department of the Inte- planning efforts; (3) multihazard assess- event. rior; representatives of other federal agen- ments for selected urban areas; and (4) Goal 3 points the division toward a cies, the Office of Science and Technology vulnerability maps and interactive position that most other “first world” geo- Policy, and the U.S. Congress; state geolo- databases for geologic hazards. Goal 1 logical surveys have already been forced gists; industry leaders; faculty members; strategic actions are (1) conduct detailed to adopt. By embracing a global perspec- and professional societies. geological and geophysical field investiga- tive on natural-resource supply and tions; (2) document the recent geologic demand, the division will enhance its Goals and Products history of major hazardous events in the ability to inventory Earth resources, both United States in unified databases; (3) domestic and international. The Strategy The new Geologic Division Strategy investigate factors controlling the geo- points out that “[s]uch assessments must defines seven overlapping science goals graphic distribution, magnitude, and tim- be backed by fundamental studies of the and six operational objectives. Linked to ing of hazardous geologic events; (4) each goal are at least two types of prod- determine the physical processes responsi- Washington Report continued on p. 11

10 GSA TODAY, August 1998 Washington Report continued from p. 10 mapping of key climate-change indica- metals and other contaminants; (4) rates tors; and (5) study the fundamental pro- of faunal and floral change during recent character and distribution of natural cesses and key biogeochemical cycles gov- geologic history determined from paleon- resources, as well as the economic benefits erning climate change and climate-related tological and geochemical studies; and and environmental consequences of their hazards, with emphasis on the terrestrial (5) assessments of fundamental geologic development.” domain. fluxes that affect ecosystem dynamics. Goal 4, Anticipate the environmental The Strategy states that the fourth Goal 5 strategic actions are: (1) develop impacts of climate variability, relates to goal defines a leadership role for the USGS partnerships with scientists outside the global climate change. Goal 4 products within the U.S. National Global Change Geologic Division; (2) focus geologic map- are: (1) national- and regional-scale recon- Program in carrying out regional- to ping of both bedrock and surficial structions of past climates (precipitation national-scale syntheses and producing deposits in ecosystem gradients; (3) deter- and temperature) and past environments reconstructions of past climates from mine rates of floral, faunal, and other (landforms and vegetation); (2) quantita- terrestrial records and assessments of the environmental changes; (4) conduct fun- tive regional assessments of vulnerability potential impacts of climate change or damental research to understand the roles to climate change and likely environmen- variability. of surface geology and geomorphology tal impact scenarios; (3) high-resolution The last three goals address societal and surficial geologic processes; and (5) time series of past climatic conditions; issues that the USGS anticipates will be of investigate biogeochemical cycles in and (4) national and regional maps show- growing importance in the next decade, ecosystems focusing on the sediment-soil ing possible early-warning indicators of owing to increasing concerns over quality interface and on elemental pathways. climate change. Goal 4 strategic actions of life: Goal 5—Establish the geologic Goal 6 products are: (1) lay-oriented are: (1) reconstruct key past climates framework for ecosystem structure and and publicly accessible summaries of the under a range of conditions and compare function; Goal 6—Interpret the links geology, geochemistry, and health effects these to atmospheric general-circulation between human health and geologic of selected potentially toxic elements, model results; (2) identify areas highly processes; and Goal 7—Determine the mineral phases, and organic compounds; sensitive to climate variability and deter- geologic controls on ground-water (2) nationally consistent, regional-scale mine critical thresholds of temperature resources and hazardous waste isolation. environmental geology and geochemistry and precipitation changes that can induce Goal 5 products are: (1) maps of sur- databases and maps; (3) integrated geolog- vegetation and geomorphic changes; ficial and shallow-subsurface lithologic, ical, geochemical, and biological assess- (3) refine data on the magnitude and fre- mechanical, and geochemical properties ments of regions where contaminated sed- quency of climate and paleoecological of ecological significance for selected eco- iments may accumulate; and (4) national changes during the Holocene to higher systems; (2) models of geologic and geo- and/or regional, geology-based health resolution; (4) collaborate with other chemical processes that affect ecosystem agencies to expand long-term baseline functions; (3) geochemical baselines of Washington Report continued on p. 12

Dynamics of Fluids in Fractured Rocks: Concepts and Recent Advances

International Symposium in Honor of Paul Witherspoon’s 80th Birthday ¥ February 10-12, 1999 * Berkeley, California

Papers for oral and poster presentations are being solicited in the following areas:

¥ Conceptual and mathematical modeling of fluid flow in fractured rocks ¥ Fracture/matrix interactions ¥ Multi-phase flow and transport in fractured rocks ¥ Spatial variability, anisotropy, and scaling ¥ Chemical transport in fractured rocks ¥ Coupled processes (Hydraulic, Chemical, Thermal, Mechanical processes) ¥ Vadose zone flow and transport ¥ Laboratory and field methods of characterizing flow and transport in fractured rocks ¥ Isotope hydrogeology

Keynote Speakers: Paul A. Witherspoon, G.I. Barenblatt, Gudmundur Bodvarsson, Jesus Carrera, John Cherry, Donald DePaolo, Malcom Grant, Paul Hsieh, William Jury, Karsten Pruess, Edward Sudicky, and Yanis Yortsos.

John Bredehoeft will lead a panel discussion on the topic “What have we learned about the dynamics of fractured rock flow and transport over the last 3 decades?”

Submit your extended abstracts (2-4 pages) in both electronic and hard copy forms to Boris Faybishenko, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, One Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA 94720. E-mail: [email protected]. Abstracts due by September 1, 1998. Instructions for formatting your abstract can be found at the Symposium Web Site http://www-esd.lbl.gov/witherspoon. Published proceedings will be available at the Symposium.

Registration: $125.00, due by January 10, 1999 ($175.00 thereafter). Space is limited to 200 people.

Steering Committee: Sally Benson (LBNL), Gudmundur Bodvarsson (LBNL), John Bredehoeft (Hydrodynamics Group), Boris Faybishenko (LBNL), John Gale (St. Johns Memorial University, Newfoundland), Iraj Javandel (LBNL), Jane Long (University of Nevada, Reno), Marcelo Lippmann (LBNL), Frank Morrison (University of California, Berkeley), Shlomo Neuman (University of Arizona, Tucson), Tom Nicholson (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission), and John Nimmo (U.S. Geological Survey).

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA, http://www-esd.lbl.gov/witherspoon

GSA TODAY, August 1998 11 A River Runs Through It

David J. Verardo, 1997–1998 GSA Congressional Science Fellow

The native inhabitants called it Nch’i largest environmental and health risk in Wana, the Great River, also known today the Nation.” Discussion of the Hanford site as the Columbia River. It flows from its pits technocrat against philosopher over headwaters in southeastern British the value of the site’s nuclear mission in Columbia for 200 miles to the Pacific securing peace and prosperity through Ocean. It drains an area of nearly 260,000 technology. In a twisted mix of politics, square miles. It is the lifeblood of the power, economics, and science surround- and other hazardous liquids were inten- Pacific Northwest; supporting recreation, ing all things Hanford, what is often over- tionally discharged into the vadose zone providing power, and sustaining a fishery. looked is that the site is a prominent through engineered drainage structures Its value extends beyond simple eco- example of one of the first lessons learned such as cribs, trenches, ponds, and reten- nomics, as the Great River is a cultural tal- in the sandbox; clean up your mess. tion basins. That is enough waste to fill a isman for many Americans. The Hanford site, encompassing 560 lake the size of Manhattan to a depth of In part of its watershed, however, the square miles, has a long history of nuclear 80 feet (~24 meters). Much of the radioac- Columbia River offers a less bucolic and science research dating back to the secret tive and otherwise hazardous waste is public dimension. For 35 miles through Manhattan Project that produced pluto- located in the 200 sites within the central desert country near Richland, Washington, nium for American nuclear weapons. Han- plateau. Here, approximately 350 billion the Columbia winds its way through the ford contains over 1,600 contaminated gallons of waste were discharged to the Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Here the liquid and solid waste sites; more than 500 soil. These sites also contain 177 large serenity of the Great River belies the turbu- of these are situated within one-half mile underground storage tanks that hold 54 lent past and ambivalent future of the land of the Columbia River. During Hanford’s million gallons and 200 million curies of along its banks that is described by the U.S. plutonium production years (1943–1989), Department of Energy (DOE) as “the single nearly 450 billion gallons of radioactive River continued on p. 13

Washington Report continued from p. 11 Goals 5, 6, and 7 are seen as exciting mation created by Geologic Division partnership opportunities whereby the activities and will promote the flexibility assessments. Goal 2 strategic actions are: Geologic Divieion can take advantage of and vitality of the staff. Objective 1— (1) increase cooperative research efforts the new USGS role as the nation’s earth Greatly enhance the public’s ability to with specialists in human health, toxicity, science and biological science agency. locate, access, and use maps and data, by epidemiology, and other life sciences; The strategy behind goal 7 is that (a) ensuring that programmatic database- (2) continue research on the geologic because many of the pathways for mate- management objectives are consistent occurrence, geoavailability, environmental rial flux in the environment are related with division and USGS objectives and mobility and degradation, and health to water, an understanding of the geologic that diverse data systems can be inte- effects of potential toxins; (3) determine controls on water movement in the upper grated seamlessly; (b) expanding the the transport mechanisms and ultimate crust will benefit human and ecosystem National Geologic Map Data Base; (c) fate of sediment-associated contaminants; health. Additionally, the understanding moving rapidly toward consistent data and (4) understand the role of geology and will help to assure the quality and quan- structures and standards for all division geologic processes in the development and tity of U.S. ground water. and USGS products and maps; (d) explor- release of potential pathogens. The Strategy states that the Geologic ing cooperative agreements for data Goal 7 products are: (1) basin-scale, Division’s ability to respond to each of archiving and distribution; and (e) nationally consistent maps showing these societally driven goals requires a extending the function of digital maps. the three-dimensional distribution of sustained investment in documenting Objective 2—Maintain a first-rate earth- hydrogeologic properties; and (2) three- the present and past state of Earth and system science library, by (a) creating a dimensional hydrogeologic maps and in using this information to predict future publicly available system for computer- conceptual models of fluid flow and changes. For example, geologic mapping, ized searches; (b) increasing holdings nec- ground-water contamination associated which has long been a division strength, essary for investigations of environmental with hazardous-waste disposal sites and is essential to achieving all seven goals. science and biological resource issues; and other sources. Goal 7 strategic actions are: Meeting these goals will necessitate a (c) considering instituting a cost-recovery (1) conduct geological mapping, geophys- commitment to technological innovation system for non-USGS customers. Objec- ical imaging, geochemical testing, and and a broadening of expertise through tive 3—Effectively transfer the knowledge borehole measurements in support of interagency collaboration, training, and acquired through Geologic Division sci- ground-water resource and contamination visiting scientist and postdoctoral pro- ence activities, by (a) establishing tempo- studies in critical areas; (2) investigate the grams. rary duty assignments for division staff fundamental geologic factors controlling with state and other federal agencies; (b) subsurface fluid flow in sedimentary Objectives devising an effective strategy for working basins and other deposits; (3) conduct with media representatives; (c) cultivating The Strategy does not contain a multidisciplinary research on the origin, relationships with Congress and the Exec- detailed implementation plan; however, development, and hydrologic properties utive Branch; (d) identifying capable it does describe six operational objectives, of fracture and fault systems; and (4) con- spokespersons to work effectively with the each with strategic actions. The Strategy duct investigations to understand the media; and (e) coordinating outreach and states that these objectives will improve links between geochemical, biological, the usefulness and accessibility of infor- Washington Report continued on p. 13 and hydrogeologic processes.

12 GSA TODAY, August 1998 River continued from p. 12 high-level nuclear waste. As much as 1.0 million gallons of waste containing 1.0 million curies have leaked into the vadose zone. In addition, over 496,000 cubic yards of solid waste containing 4.8 million curies of radioactive material are buried in trenches here. In the 200 sites, the vadose zone ranges from 200–300 feet thick and com- prises two major geological formations. The uppermost unit is the highly perme- able Hanford Formation composed of coarse sands and gravels. The lowermost unit is the Ringold Formation, composed of partially cemented silt, sand, and gravel with low to moderate permeability. Past discharges have resulted in the contamina- tion, above federal drinking water stan- dards, of about 85 square miles of ground- water at the Hanford Reservation. Liquid wastes containing radionu- clides with long half-lives were intention- ally discharged to the ground on the assumption that the vadose zone would

River continued on p. 14

Washington Report continued from p. 12 education efforts with earth science pro- fessional societies. Objective 4—Promote vitality and flexibility of the scientific staff, by (a) striving for a diverse and bal- anced workforce to ensure programmatic and fiscal flexibility; (b) creating a formal postdoctoral program; (c) maintaining sci- entific leadership and developing the skills required to cross disciplinary bound- aries; (d) maintaining an appropriate bal- ance of research and support staff; and (e) creating a scientist exchange program. Objective 5—Promote interdisciplinary research, by (a) preparing an integrated division science plan, (b) enhancing the flow of expertise between programs; and (c) encouraging rotation of managers and scientists outside the division. Objective 6—Institute internal and external reviews, by (a) reactivating the division Science Advisory Committee; and (b) soliciting input on division activities from a variety of organizations and disciplines. The Strategy concludes with the state- ment, “Acquisition of scientific knowl- edge through research, assessment, and insightful monitoring and the effective communication of that knowledge to planners and decision makers will allow the [Geologic Division] and its partners to assist the Nation in meeting a complex, challenging, and promising future.” The Strategy can be obtained on the World Wide Web at http://pubs.usgs.gov/ circular/c1172. ■

GSA TODAY, August 1998 13 River continued from p. 13 inquiry into the strategy of waste cleanup at the site. act as an effective barrier to contaminant In March 1998, the General Account- migration to the underlying water table ing Office (GAO) released a report, com- and the Columbia River. Despite repeated missioned by U.S. Senators John Glenn warnings from Hanford technical review and Ron Wyden, regarding waste cleanup panel members beginning in the late and vadose zone protection at Hanford. 1980s, DOE maintained, even as late as a The report focused on leakage from under- 1996 draft environmental impact state- ground storage tanks, and it examined the ment, that contaminants such as cesium adequacy of DOE’s understanding of waste “were assumed to be largely immobile in migration through the vadose zone and its the vadose zone.” DOE assumed, largely strategy for investigating vadose zone con- on the basis of computer modeling, that ditions. In its report, “Understanding of wastes from the leaking underground Waste Migration at Hanford is Inadequate tanks would not reach the groundwater for Key Decisions,” the GAO found that for 10,000 years. Mounting physical evi- “DOE’s own reviews concluded what out- dence, however, brought the fallacy of this side experts had been saying for years; the assumption to light in a very public man- Department’s understanding of how ner following the release of indisputable wastes move through the vadose zone to borehole data. the groundwater was inadequate to make In September 1997, DOE reported key technical decisions on how to clean that the vadose zone barrier hypothesis up waste at the Hanford site in an envi- was invalid and radioactive waste had ronmentally sound and cost-effective migrated through the vadose zone. manner.” In addition, the report found Cesium-137 was evident at a depth of 142 “no comprehensive plan to assess the feet (~ 44.5 meters) and technetium-99 at vadose zone” and few studies of the Source: Based on a map provided by DOE. a depth of 177 feet (~ 54 meters) below vadose zone. The report further stipulated the underground storage tank farms. In that DOE could not credibly estimate the essence, repeated discharge and persistent long-term risk to the public or select effi- In April 1998, DOE responded to the tank leaks over a period of 50 years turned cient cleanup strategies unless vadose zone GAO with a report, “Management and large portions of the vadose zone into an conditions were understood. Although not Integration of Hanford Site Groundwater unregulated de facto waste repository news to DOE and contractors involved and Vadose Zone Activities.” The report wherein dangerous contaminants were on with cleanup, the GAO report was a sting- outlines a new comprehensive and inte- the move. This latest revelation spurred a ing public revelation of technical and new round of citizen ire and congressional management problems within the project. River continued on p. 15

14 GSA TODAY, August 1998 River continued from p. 14 grated technical strategy to investigate Geopals Program vadose zone conditions and waste migra- Offers Opportunity To Aid tion. Key to the DOE plan is an expanded role for external review panels similar to Foreign Students those in place at Yucca Mountain and the Waste Isolation Pilot Project to help guide L. Lynn Chyi, Geopal Program Coordinator of the GSA International Division the technical decision pathway. The latest plan calls for organizing a review panel composed of experienced vadose zone spe- cialists from government, industry, and The Geopals program, begun by the GSA International Division in 1991, academia who can make specific recom- allows GSA members to sponsor Student Associate membership for foreign geol- mendations to DOE. Equally important, ogy students studying in North America. An important aspect of the program is the panel must be consulted on proposed that GSA sponsors are encouraged to communicate with their Geopals, seeking to cleanup actions that might impact the reinforce the department’s educational efforts while they study in North America, vadose zone. The idea is to garner com- and taking an interest in their professional development. We believe that Geopals ments prior to costly action, and to pre- will play an important role in helping to build professional and personal bridges clude the situation recognized by Mark to geoscientists in other countries. Twain when he remarked “It is the first The program consists of two separate but related parts, that of nominating wrong steps that count.” and that of sponsoring a foreign student. The technical situation at the Han- ford site is far more complex than briefly How To Nominate a Geopal and narrowly described above. Not all The Student Committee of the International Division welcomes nominations agree how DOE should achieve successful of foreign graduate students, preferably those with strong credentials, who other- waste remediation, and there is no lack of wise wouldn’t be able to afford GSA membership fees. We request that the spon- competing interests in Hanford cleanup. sor and the student be from different departments, as an additional means of There are issues of cleanup strategy and building bridges within North America on this collaborative project. A nominator vision, safety for workers and those down- or sponsor need not be a member of the International Division of GSA, but prior- wind of the site, regional economic vital- ity will generally be given to International Division members’ nominations. An ity through jobs at the site and through additional reason that we encourage you to join the International Division is that river resources, cultural heritage, stability you may help to provide guidance, and may participate actively in some of its of federal funding, and lack of trust in the varied programs. “process” that has caused some to become self-described whistle blowers. Some call How To Sponsor a Geopal for the abolition of DOE while some sup- port complete privatization of waste 1. If you are on a university campus, tell the chair or GSA Campus Represen- cleanup. There are accusatory fingers tative that you want to be a sponsor. If you are not on a campus, or if you do not pointing between the two Washingtons. have a Campus Representative, call or write to Gabor C. Tari, Amoco Production Unfortunately, in many professional Co., 501 WestLake Blvd., Houston, TX, (281) 366-4572, fax 281-366-2949, gctari@ settings, job performance is often linked amoco.com. Tari will send a sponsor form and a student application form to the to creation of products, not removal of designated chair or Campus Representative in the student’s department. You may byproducts. The perception is that produc- also contact and be paired with a nominated student on the committee’s list. tion of waste is an unfortunate result of 2. When the forms are completed and signed by the chair or Campus Repre- creating wealth and that cleanup simply sentative in the student’s department, they will be sent to the sponsor, who will diminishes wealth. Clearly, both technical enclose a check as a tax-deductible contribution, made payable to GSA Founda- and policy leaders share in the responsibil- tion—Geopals. The sponsor will check one of two boxes: ity for Hanford cleanup. Closure on envi- ronmental remediation, necessitated by Level of Commitment: years of nuclear weapons research and $55—dues and Geology development, will remain elusive until the $75—dues, Bulletin, and Geology notion is embraced that Hanford cleanup is a national priority and the final cost of Length of Commitment: freedom. ■ 1998 dues, one year only 1998 dues and subsequent years as a student

Dave Verardo, 1997–1998 GSA Congressional The sponsor then sends the package to: Geopals Program, c/o Membership Science Fellow, serves on the staff of Senator Ron Wyden (D—OR). This one-year fellowship is sup- Services, Geological Society of America, P. O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. If the ported by GSA and by the U.S. Geological Survey, intended supporting level is different from the above, sponsors can send their Department of the Interior, under Assistance Award donations directly to the International Division Fund, GSA Foundation. No. 1434-HQ-97-GR-03188. The views and conclu- sions contained in this article are those of the author and should not be interpreted as necessarily repre- Two Programs for Foreign and American Exchange senting the official policies, either expressed or If the student committee of the International Committee can help you in implied, of the U.S. government or GSA. You can contact Verardo by mail at 717 Hart Senate Build- facilitating other contacts in international student-oriented projects, contact L. ing, Washington, DC 20510, by phone at (202) Lynn Chyi, Geopals Program Coordinator, Student Committee, Geological Society 224-3430, or by e-mail at david_verardo@ of America, Department of Geology, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-4101, wyden.senate.gov. (330) 972-7635, fax 330-972-7611, [email protected].

GSA TODAY, August 1998 15 GSAF UPDATE

Valerie G. Brown, Vice President and Director of Development, GSA Foundation are many more on the list of 400 that could profit from our help. We recently Little Things Mean a Lot! have had requests for additional donated subscriptions for Albania, Bosnia-Herze- govina, Macedonia, and Yugoslavia, all We may tend to pay most of our of scientific journals to subscribers in East- countries whose academic infrastructures attention to GSA’s mainline programs— ern Europe and central Eurasia. have been devastated by civil wars. the research grants, the education and We are in the midst of explosions of The costs of the subscriptions are outreach initiatives of SAGE and IEE—that knowledge across the entire scientific spec- underwritten from the Foundation’s dis- compose the greatest share of the Founda- trum. Yet in countries reorganizing follow- cretionary funds, which is to say from tion’s distribution budget. Sometimes, ing the dissolution of the former Soviet unrestricted donations. One gift of $75, however, we should pay attention to the Union, more than 400 libraries, universi- or three gifts of $25, can ensure a year of smaller activities, those in which a modest ties, and research institutions lack the Geology for the geoscience students and investment has a big impact. funds for adequate acquisitions of the professionals in places struggling to main- These may be one-time opportunities, books and journals that report the newest tain intellectual parity. as with GSA’s donation of books and peri- emerging knowledge. We have remarked before that every odicals to Colorado State University after At present, GSA provides annual dollar of every gift has equal investment its library was seriously damaged by a subscriptions to Geology to the Charles value when translated into action. Simi- flood. Occasionally we become involved University Geology Library in the Czech larly, application of small aggregates of gift with an ongoing commitment such as the Republic, the Institute of Geology and dollars can yield significant and rewarding Science Journals Donation Program. This Geophysics in Bucharest, Romania, and dividends to the beneficiaries. ■ project secures donations of a wide variety the Geological Survey of Slovakia. There

Donors to the Foundation, May 1998

Claude C. Albritton Doris M. Curtis M. Dane Picard Memorial Fund Shoemaker Memorial Memorial Memorial Stephen J. Urbanik Kurt Servos in memory of for Crater Studies James A. Gibbs Merrill Wilber Haas Mel Friedman Carolyn S. Shoemaker*◆ John F. Mann Biggs Excellence Dwornik Planetary Institute for Applied Minority Fund Unrestricted in Earth Science Geoscience Award Geosciences Michele L. Aldrich* William L. Chenoweth Education Fund Peter H. Schultz Robert L. Fuchs* Steven C. Semken Jerry B. Dahm◆ Lawrence Wu Morris W. Leighton Gregory A. Dehn Arthur D. North-Central in memory of Charles S. Denny* Cordilleran Section Howard Fund Section Endowment John F. Mann Helen L. Foster Endowment David A. Phoenix Sharon Geil◆ Janet McCormick* Sharon Geil◆ Jerry B. Dahm◆ Norman C. Hester◆ Institute for Billy P. Glass Carol G. and John T. Environmental Pooled Income Fund Linda C. Gundersen McGill Fund Education William B. Heroy, Jr.*◆ Robert B. Hall *Century Plus Roster William K. Barry Bruce R. Clark* Norman C. Hester◆ (gifts of $150 or more). Christopher F. Erskine Publications Leighton & Associates, Carl E. Jacobson ◆Second Century Fund. Brian J. Swanson Inc.*◆ Konrad B. Krauskopf* Research Grants P. Christine Leo Thomas J. Ahrens Alan Levander GSA Foundation ◆ ◆ David L. Meyer Reese E. Mallette 3300 Penrose Place James K. Roche Margaret W. Matlin P.O. Box 9140 Roy W. Schlische in honor of my father, Boulder, CO 80301 Unocal Corporation/ Dr. Donald White’s, (303) 447-2020 Union Oil Company*◆ birthday [email protected] Detlef A. Warnke Eric McHuron James P. Minard Keith Runcorn Fund Robert H. Moench* David B. Stone* Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______. Jack E. Oliver* SAGE Elmer D. Patterson* Please add my name to the Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). ◆ Samuel F. Huffman Charles E. Seedorff Please credit my gift to the ______Fund. Robert L. Johnston* Joshua B. Smith Marlene L. McCauley◆ Asahiko Taira PLEASE PRINT Prentice Hall*◆ Susan E. Tanges* Unocal Corporation/ David Archer White Name ______Union Oil Company*◆ George Arthur Williams William J. Wolfe Southeastern Section Address ______David F. Work*◆ Endowment Leland W. Younker City/State/ZIP ______Reese E. Mallette◆ Women in Science Phone ______Jane H. Wallace*

16 GSA TODAY, August 1998 Digging Up the Past First teaching job interview—Hamilton College. In Memoriam Senior Faculty Committee Member: “I don’t know any geology, but collected crinoids in a GSA Foundation creek bottom as a boy.” Trustee Philip Oxley died on June 19, 1998, in Oxley: Wilmington, Delaware, “You must have grown up in Crawfordsville, Indiana”. after a brief illness. His Senior Faculty Committee Member: personal and professional “How did you know?” accomplishments were Oxley: widely known and “Famous fossil locality” admired among his peers. Got the job. Upon graduation —Phil Oxley from Denison University Philip Oxley in 1943, Phil joined the U.S. Navy. At the conclu- sion of active duty he returned to his education, earn- ing an M.A. and a Ph.D. from Columbia University. Bruce B. Hanshaw His extraordinary career was distinguished both in academia and in the oil and gas industry, but his heart 1930–1998 belonged to fishing. Bruce B. Hanshaw, McLean, Phil was appointed to the Foundation’s Board of Virginia, died on July 18, 1998, while Trustees in 1990 to fill the remaining term of Roy Huff- on vacation at Trout Lake, near Ophir, ington. Subsequently elected to continued service, at Colorado. Hanshaw was a GSA Fellow the time of his death he was in the last year of his sec- and active leader on numerous com- ond full term. In addition to GSA, Phil was actively mittees. He was second vice president engaged with Denison University, AAPG, the Institute of the GSA International Division and for International Education, and Trout Unlimited. a campaign advisor for the Second Bruce Hanshaw Phil Oxley was a generous benefactor, a thought- Century Campaign. As available, fur- ful leader, and a gracious friend. His GSA Foundation ther information will be posted on the colleagues are among the many who will miss him. GSA Web site at www.geosociety.org. Gifts in memory of Phil Oxley may be sent to the For information about contributions in Bruce’s memory, GSA Foundation at P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado, please contact the GSA Foundation, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. 80301, (303) 447-2020, ext. 154, [email protected].

his handy tool provides 115 genuine Munsell® Color Standards (chips), each with its correct ISCS-NBS* color name and unique Munsell alpha-numeric Tnotation. Find any rock color on the chart and the Munsell notation underneath gives you the value (degree of lightness), the hue (color), and the chroma (degree of saturation) for that color. Use these notations in your writing to communicate exact color information that anyone can understand. Designed primarily for field use, the chart nevertheless indicates the range of rock colors for all purposes and is accurate for wet or dry specimens. Chiefly used to describe medium- to fine-grained rocks, it is also helpful in working with coarse- grained rocks. This version was manufactured for GSA by the Munsell Corporation to exacting Munsell standards for color accuracy. Printed on Munsell’s special color-neutral stock, the chart includes a viewing mask. *Inter Society Color Council-National Bureau of Standards. RCC001, 16 p., $29.00 1-800-472-1988 www.geosociety.org GSA Publication Sales ¥ 3300 Penrose Place ¥ P.O. Box 9140 ¥ Boulder, CO 80301-9140 ¥ 303-447-2020 ¥ fax 303-447-1133

GSA TODAY, August 1998 17 18 GSA TODAY, August 1998 PENROSE CONFERENCE, JUNE 1999 Penrose Terrane Accretion Along the Western CONFERENCE Cordilleran Margin: Constraints on Timing and Displacement

One of the most fundamental contro- The conference is limited to 80 par- ticipation of graduate students working versies in North American tectonics today ticipants. The registration fee, which will on topics of terrane accretion; partial concerns the role of allochthonous ter- cover lodging, meals, field trips, and all student subsidies will be available. ranes and the degree of latitudinal terrane other conference expenses except per- Co-conveners are J. Brian Mahoney, displacement during the Mesozoic to Ter- sonal incidentals, is not expected to Dept. of Geology, University of Wis- tiary development of the Cordillera. Esti- exceed US $700. Participants will be consin—Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, mates of the timing and magnitude of responsible for transportation to and 54702-4004, [email protected]; terrane displacement and accretion vary from Seattle. Julie A. Maxson, Dept. of Geology, widely, and are the subject of intense Application deadline is Novem- Lawrence University, Appleton, WI 54192, debate among Cordilleran geoscientists. ber 15, 1998. Please include a title and [email protected]; Basil Tikoff, This debate is particularly active in the brief statement of the proposed presenta- Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Rice Canadian and northwestern U.S. tion and preference for inclusion in a University, Houston, TX 77005-1892, Cordillera, where a major discrepancy location or methodology session. In order [email protected]. Invitations exists between geologic and paleomag- to facilitate workshop organization, we will be mailed to participants by Decem- netic interpretations of mid-Cretaceous to would also appreciate if participants ber 15, 1998. Potential participants Eocene terrane paleogeography. However, included what they perceive as the most should send a letter of application to the problem of reconstructing Cordilleran critical questions that need resolution. All Brian Mahoney (address above). ■ paleogeography is not confined to the participants are encouraged to present a northwestern terranes. The timing and poster on current research relevant to the magnitude of terrane accretion and trans- topic of terrane accretion and translation, lation along the western margin are criti- and significant time will be allocated to cal issues for workers throughout the poster discussion. We encourage the par- North American Cordillera, including Mexico, coterminous United States, Canada, and Alaska. Resolution of the controversy requires integration of numerous data sets from widespread localities, and this GSA Penrose Confer- ence “Terrane Accretion Along the West- ern Cordilleran Margin: Constraints on Timing and Displacement,” June 21–27, 1999, in Seattle and Winthrop, Washing- ton, is intended to bring researchers together for the dissemination of ideas, discussion of techniques, and analysis of projects designed to address the issue. Following an introductory icebreaker in Seattle, participants will take a field trip across the North Cascades, through the Methow terrane and into the Okanogan Complex along the western margin of the Intermontane superterrane. Winthrop is in the scenic Methow Valley adjacent to the North Cascades, close to the Insular- Intermontane superterrane boundary. Sessions will provide a spatial overview of Cordilleran terranes from south to north; regional perspectives on the temporal and spatial constraints on terrane accretion; the processes and methodologies utilized in studies of ter- rane accretion and translation; and con- troversies in accretionary tectonics and terrane translation. A mid-meeting field trip will give participants an opportunity to evaluate issues and techniques as they apply to the Intermontane-Insular super- terrane boundary at the southern end of the Canadian Cordillera.

GSA TODAY, August 1998 19 New GSA Members

The following 653 members were elected by Council action during the period from October 1997 to May 1998.

Mark B. Abbott Chris C. Bryarly Barry W. Eakins John P. Harris Won-Sa Kim Sigal Abramovich Norman S. Buchanan Jaelyn J. Eberle Margaret J. Harris Eileen Kincaid Rolf V. Ackermann Jonathan M. Bull Mark A. Ehrlich David M. Hartz Ruth A. Kirkby Tolu M. Adedeji Melody B. Burkins Shawn T. Eisner Anne M. Harvey Margaret H. Kloska Minolu Aizawa Michael F. Burns Nasser El-Deiraki Stephen T. Hasiotis James C. Knight Hisham A. Al-Siyabi James H. Burton Jennifer A. Elder Robert W. Hastings Richard H. Knight Edward F. Albin Brian D. Campbell Norlene R. Emerson David P. Hawkins Paul O. Knorr Nicholas E. Allmendinger Kevin G. Cannariato Javier Escartin Kraig A. Heiden Karen Knuuti Subramanya Lucia Capra Alan J. Eschenbacher Tiffani L. Heil Barry P. Kohn Ananthnarayan John G. Cargill IV Madge Evans Wayne G. Henderson Edward J. Kohut Louise Ander Donna D. Carlson Olivier L. Fabbri Ken E. Herkenhoff David A. Korejwo Lesleigh Anderson Jeffrey W. Carnahan Karen L. Farleigh Nora Berggren Herrera Eduardo A. M. Koutsoukos Robert J. Andress Alejandro Carrillo Harold R. Fitch Angela M. Hessler Robert N. Kowalkowski William M. Andrews, Jr. Leslie S. Carver Tanja M. Fitzgerald Gerald S. Heston Sharon L. Kozak Ryo Anma John S. Cesarek Robert M. Flatland M. Jean Hetherington Andrew L. Kozlowski George P. Aponte Clark Sandra L. Chandler Godlove T. Fonjweng Montgomery E. Higgins Michael A. Krol T. Bruce Appelgate, Jr. Richard L. Chaney Mark A. Fonstad Michelle A. Hill Eric L. Kruger, Jr. Hans C. Areback Ho-Wan Chang Amy L. Fortin Melanie J. Hinzpeter Stephen F. Kulinski Brittina A. Argow Dominique H. G. David A. Fowle James D. Hirsch Alan G. Kunze MaryAnn R. Arias Chardon Kari A. Fox Brian R. Hitchens Peter C. LaFemina Mary E. Armstrong Paul D. Chasco Terry W. Fox Laura R. Hite Susan M. Landon Phillip A. Armstrong Laural L. Cherednik Andrea K. Freeman Anita M. Ho Stephen R. Lane Lois B. Arnold Gabrielle C. Chianese Stratton French Charles M. Hodges Jennifer C. Latimer Christina L. Baack Yong S. Chol Henry C. Fricke Joost Hoek Natalie E. Latysh Nina L. Baghai William P. Clement S. Julio Friedmann Phillip J. Hogan Michael T. Leach Russ A. Baker Susan A. Cochran Anke M. Friedrich John A. Hoke Dal-Heui Lee Rene W. Barendregt Hermione A. P. Cockburn Donald A. Friend William F. Holden Hee-Kwon Lee Daniel H. N. Barker Monika Cogoini Thomas Fritzsche Curtis D. Holder Hyomin Lee Jorge R. Barragan Denis Cohen David Froehlich Joshua W. Holloman Michael T. Lee Keith M. Barron Camilla J. Colebatch Joseph Galewsky Stephen D. Holloway Leonardo Legarreta Michelle L. Bart W. Marc Connolly Joseph W. Galluzzi Michelle M Howell Adam C. LeGrande Charles John Barthel, Jr. Janet K. Cook Pilar E. Garcia Shane M. Howell Marna K. Lehnert Georgio Basilici Christopher D. Cooper Valerie C. Garcia Mark S. Huffman Robert S. Leighty Kari N. Bassett Robert A. Corbin R. Christopher Gardner Sik Huh Amanda J. LeNay Vanessa C. Bateman Thomas J. Corcoran Carmala N. Garzione Richard C. Hulbert, Jr. Robert J. Leventry Stephen W. Bates Maree L. Corkeron Marten Geertsema Michael L. Hulver David W. Leverington Thomas M. Bawden Paul K. Coski Michael A. Geffert Mads Huuse Shoshana Z. Levin Frederick C. Beall Robert M. Cox Deborah L. Gellar Kristin T. Huysken Gaylia H. Levkoff Lynne M. Beatty Sandra A. Crabtree David L. Genger Fenton M. Isenor Michael E. Lewis Patricia A. Beddows Peter A. Craig Martha L. Gerdes Zeshan Ismat Roger Lewis Ken J. Bell Benjamin S. Cramer David S. Gerwe Noel W. Jackson David J. Ley Ellin Beltz Norman B. Cranford Jim J. Gharib Donald M. Jacobs Sonjia M. Leyva Tara L. Benda Timothy J. Cronan Brandy D. Gibson Glenn S. Jaecks Bo Li Peter A. Bennett Karen N. Csonka Eulalia Gili John M. Jaeger Olav B. Lian Kimberly M. Berends Jennifer A. Curtis Alexsander Glisic Keith H. James Joseph Licciardi Jill Berenson Brian P. Cyr Robert H. Godwin, Jr. Gary E. Jaroslow Bruce S. Lieberman Sandra Bezenek Patricia L. Daniel Kathryn M. Goessel John J. Jelke Adam F. Light Frank D. Bilotti Joy D. Dass Robert A. Goff Michael D. Jensen Bin Lin Michael P. Bishop James T. Davenport Udaya K. Gollapudi Guohai Jin Heather A. Lin Heather M. Bittner Monica D. Davis Arturo Gomez-Tuena Lance W. Johnson WenLong Liu Bruce A. Blake Christopher D. Dawkins Susan T. Goodfellow William C. Johnson Darren R. Locke Jonathan I. Bloch Katja Deckart Kevin L. Gooding Wendell L. Jolley Mark A. Loewen Jonathan G. Blount Kathleen A. DeGraaff Matthew R. Goolsby David A. Jones William S. Logan Lisa M. Boettcher Louis Detofsky Thomas J. Gorgas Gwyneth Jones Kimberly A. Lohuis Marie-Pierre Bolle Steve C. Devine Spela Gorican Terry A. Jones Caroline M. Loop Claudia I. Borchert Nancy T. Dewitt Jeffrey S. Grandy Mette S. Jordan Monica G. Lopez de Luchi Mitchell S. Bornyasz Raffaele Di Cuia Cinda M. Graubard Peter J. J. Kamp Darline Lott Rita M. Bouchard Derek W. Dice Shannon L. Greenan Paul A. Kapp K. Matthew Louth Judith Ann Boughner Frank E. Dickerson Christopher A. Greenhoot Adityamoy Kar Cole K. Lovett Steve D. Bowman B. Christopher Dimeo Matthias Grobe Wendy L. Karna Crystal G. Lovett Karin H. Brack Luis Vicente Dimieri Kristelle R. Groves Michael C. Kasenow Fabio Lozano Angela K. Braden Ru Ding Yingjie Guo Bodo Katz Laura C. Lozano- Sean T. Brennan Stewart A. Dixon Ismael Gutierrez-Moreno Yaron Katzir Velazquez William D. Briggs Ravin Donald Sang-Hwan Gwak Lev S. Kaufman Guoping Lu Jason P. Briner Lisa C. Donohoe Sanjeev Gupta Michelle L. Kearney George M. Lukert Brendan M. Brodie Bruce C. Dougan Susan H. Hadden Katherine A. Kelley Jose L. Macias Charles E. Brown Frank L. Dougher Eckart Hakansson Scott Kelley Erika L. Madaski David O. Brown Charles E. Drevo Galen P. Halverson Louise H. Kellogg Eric J. Magnusson Gordon E. Brown, Jr. Steven E. Druiett Caitlin E. Hamer Scott J. Kendzierski Markus Maier Daniel Brownstein John H. Dudley Scott A. Hamilton Muhammad A. Khan Jody V. Maliga Nick Brozovic Michael D. Duffy Kazuchika Hamuro Mark A. Kiessling Simon Manoyan Karl F. Brunner Jason K. Dunning Bradley J. Harris Irene P. Kijak Tara P. Marden Christy J. Brush Jack L. Dysart John H. Harris Randy L. Kilian-Smith Lucia Marinangeli

20 GSA TODAY, August 1998 New GSA Fellows

The following 38 Fellows were elected by Council action during the James R. Marlatt Emily M. Oatney period from October 1997 through May 1998. Allen W. Marquette Karen R. Olson Michael J. Marsh Peter A. Omenda Ronald L. Bruhn John A. Hole Walfried M. Schwerdtner James D. Marshall Holly A. Orndorff Cahit Coruh Mark D. Johnson Kurt Servos Aaron J. Martin Robert E. Page William P. Dillon Robert Kerrich William D. Sevon Daniel R. Martinioni James L. Palandri Jean-Claude Dionne Timothy J. McCutcheon John A. Tarduno Jeffrey M. Marts Scott W. Parks Cortland F. Eble M. Meghan Miller David L. Trauger Erik P. Mason Fatima Patel Jason A. Mastrine Andrew P. Patrick C. Patrick Ervin Robert B. Mixon Clifford I. Voss David L. Matchen Karen F. Patterson Cynthia A. Evans Steven F. Olson Harold R. Wanless Scot A. Mathis Robert T. Pavlowsky Donald M. Fisher Mark A. Person William W. Whitley Mark E. Mathison Samuel T. Peavy Michael P. Foose Hermann W. Pfefferkorn Bruce H. Wilkinson Crystal A. Mattox James M. Peck Philip C. Goodell David W. Phelps James E. Wright Joseph A. Maule Mike Peffer Frederick T. Graybeal Jose A. Salfity Sandra J. Wyld Mike B. Maxwell Sharon D. Perez-Suarez Jeffrey S. Hanor Richard W. Saltus Half Zantop Rachael A. Mays Dominic A. Perruccio Michael F. Hochella, Jr. Klaus J. Schulz Maxine E. McBrinn Carl Petersen Lon A. McCarley Candace A. Peterson Theodore C. McCarthy III Kristine M. Peterson Patricia E. McCartin Mark A. Petrie Wendy G. McClellan Michael S. Petronis Kelly A. Rust Jill O. Stachura James A. Tyburczy Jeremy A. McCreary Stephen D. Pierson Regina M. Ryan Andrew G. Stack Emmanuel E. Udoh Eileen M. McGowan Jeffrey T. Pietras Isabelle Sacramentogrilo C. Russell Stafford Maria E. Uhle Michael F. McHugh Michelle A. Pike Hee Sagong Kenneth R. Stalder Chad A. Underwood John P. McKiness Timothy J. Piwowar, Jr. Craig E. Saunders Josette Stanley Jon W. Van de Grift Marjorie Jackson Michael P. Poland David L. Sawicki Don W. Steeples Dixon Van Hofwegen McKinney Victor J. Polyak Robert M. Schapiro Theodore R. Steinke William P. Van Liew Travis L. McLing John J. Ponczynski Allison B. Schill Allan Stephens Leah May B. Ver James L. McMindes David E. Pratt Sarah A. Schlichtholz Robert S. Sternberg Jan M. Vermilye Carl A. Medoza Nicole E. Preuss Karen R. Schmitt Emily M. Stewart William T. Viitala Andrew L. Mehlhop Alan P. Price Michael J. Schnieders Uwe Strecker Michael J. Vollinger Erwin A. Melis Jeffrey S. Price Lindsay Schoenbohm Christian A. Strobl Albert F. Waibel Ted S. Melis Linda F. Prosperie William W. Schroeder John O. Strong Todd E. Wallbom Marc D. Melker Giacomo Prosser Andi Schuerzinger Laura Ann Stuart Leslie Douglas J. Walsh Sarah C. Meyer Michael H. Pulver Peter A. Schultz Maureen A. Stuart Charles W. Ward Melvin C. Milaor Warren C. Purdy Phil R. Schweitzer Diana J. Sturm Thad A. Wasklewicz Monica P. Miley Jodi L. Purser Nina Serman M. Pete Suess Cheryl L. Waters Ann Marie Miller Andrew I. Quarles van H. James Sewell Toshihiko Sugai Laura E. Webb Jennifer Diane Miller Ufford Bruce A. Shabino Michael A. Summerfield Jennifer M. Weber Kevin B. Miller Luis Quintana Stacy H. Shafer Gloria J. Summers Mark Webster Mary K. Millus C. P. Rajendran Dean E. Shanklin William D. Surratt Kathy C. Weinberg Raymond J. Minarovic, Jr. Frank C. Ramos Rajesh Sharma Roger Swart Richard A. Welch Karen J. R. Mitchell Penelope K. Ramos Tracy S. Shirley David W. Sweeten Robert E. Welsh Martin L. Mitchell Andrew S. Reeve ShayMaria M. Silvestri Neil J. Tabor Micah A. Weltmer Aleksandra Moch Eduard G. Reinhardt Christopher J. Simpson Paul J. Tackley Robert L. West Charles E. Montgomery Jon C. Reiten Suvinay K. Sinha Samuel J. Talbert Brian D. Westhoff Melanie Moreno James Repka Darren B. Sjogren Peter W. G. Tanner Kelly D. Wheeler Deborah J. Morrow Thomas H. Reppe Steven J. Skotnicki Christine Tappen Lisa L. White Lisa S. Morrow Darin M. Reuter Michael Slattery Paul Tapponnier Noel C. White Melissa J. Morse Amy L. Rhodes Andris J. Slesers Rozemarijn F. A. Tarhule Robert E. Whittemore Allan E. Morton Robert M. Riberdy James F. Slezak Lucius H. Taylor Joanne C. Wilkin Roger L. Moses Tracy A. Rice Stephen E. Smail Dennis O. Terry, Jr. Holly K. Williams Angela M. Moss David R. Richards Kevin J. Smart E. Robert Thieler William J. Willis Claire E. Muirhead Toby A. Rickabaugh Jennifer L. Smith Douglas M. Thompson Virginia D. Winslow Kevin R. Mulligan Richard D. Ricketts Joshua B. Smith Bai Tian Victoria Wise Stephen C. Myers Eric M. Riggs Marian M. Smith Susan M. Timmons Chris Wojick Joe M. Namlick David A. Rightmer Michael Smoliar Keith L. Tischler Virginia Wong Charles E. Narwold Robena D. Robinett Dustin G. Smyth Alan L. Titus Michele M. Wood Mohammed O. Nassief James P. Robinson Darin C. Snyder Shinji Toda Marcia G. Wyatt Cheryl A. Naus Richard S. Robinson Jeffrey A. Snyder John Townend Koshi Yamamoto Jay R. Neuhaus Kristen A. Rocha Nikolas K. Sokol Carolyn R. Trayler Catherine H. Yansa Nathan A. Niemi Javier Rodriguez Luigi A. Solari Chin-Ho Tsai Dawn A Youngblood Josef Nievoll Jonathan Paul Rogers Chad C. Soliz Silvio Tschudi Yong Jae Yu Melissa M. Nihsen Denise M. Romano Alejandro E. Soto Andrei Tudoran Zhongbo Yu Francis Nimmo Julia A. Rosdeutscher Beth A. Spear Eva-Lena Tullborg Hongbin Zhan Lee C. Nordt Robert M. Roseen Jeff L. Spencer Allison R. Tumarkin Natalie B. Zieske ■ Jon S. Novick Gregory T. Roselle Blanka Sperner David Tupper Jennifer A. Zwiebel Trish A. Nuskievicz C. Elizabeth Ross Roger K. Spivey Aleta van Riper Turner Michael P. O’Connell Thomas P. Ross Brad A. Sporleder Robert J. Tuttle Diane D. O’Connor Roland M. Rueber Lisa E. Spracklin Trenton N. Twedt Catherine H. O’Dell Jaime Rueda-Gaxiola Alan Spraggins Michael L. O’Neal Garry L. Running IV Susan D. Oakley

GSA TODAY, August 1998 21 BOOK REVIEWS

Geochemistry of Hydrothermal many of the 17 chapters expand upon ties, Morphologies and Intergrowth Tex- Ore Deposits (third edition). Edited by themes visited in earlier editions, each tures, by D. J. Vaughan and J. R. Craig; Hubert L. Barnes. Wiley, New York, 1997, offers substantial modernization, and and Hydrogeology and Geochemistry of 972 p., $115. there is very little direct overlap with the Ore Genesis in Sedimentary Basins, by G. prior versions. Several topics are covered Garven and J. P. Raffensperger provide his is a new edition of a book that by new authors with new perspectives; for new insights into topics addressed earlier first appeared in 1967 with the inten- T example, chapter 2, Sources of Hydrother- by Helgeson, Holland and Malinin, Bar- tion of summarizing state-of-the-art mal Components: Heavy Isotopes, by G. ton and Skinner, and Hanor. research on hydrothermal ore-forming L. Farmer and D. J. DePaolo, parallels The chapters contributed by authors processes. Providing such a view is a tall chapter 2 of the second edition, on who wrote for earlier editions illustrate order, considering the breadth of tech- plumbotectonics by Zartman and Doe, with particular clarity how far the state of niques used to study hydrothermal ores but integrates the relevant research on Sr the art has come, due largely to advances and the speed with which the state of and Nd heavy isotopes since 1979. Like- in microanalytical and experimental tech- knowledge has evolved. As he did in the wise, the chapters Hydrothermal Alter- niques, numerical modeling, and isotopic first two editions of this book, H. L. ation and Its Relationship to Ore Fluid methods. Among these are Magmas and Barnes has compiled review papers from Composition, by M. H. Reed; Gangue Hydrothermal Systems, by C. W. Burn- leaders in the many subdisciplines of Mineral Transport and Deposition, by J. ham, which offers a satisfying elaboration hydrothermal geochemistry. Although D. Rimstidt; Sulfide Ore Mineral Stabili- of the chapter in the second edition; Oxy-

New GSA Student Associates

The following 216 student Associates became affiliated with the Society during the period from October 1997 to May 1998.

Kalsoum A. Abbasi Mimi N. Divjak Amanda E. Kilgore Jennifer R. Olejnik Danielle K. Sheheen Lisa M. Adamo Lisa J. Duke Maria A. Koons Elisabeth V. Osborn Maria S. Skidmore Julie A. Adgurson Michelle J. Dwyer Sarah E. Kopczynski Niki L. Pace Heather Laurina Smith Khashayar Ahvari Rana Farshoukh Anthony G. Koval Judith M. Paiva Shane V. Smith Lesa A. Bagby Kristin L. Ferri Lena Krutikov Daniel A. Parsons Rachel C. Stansbery Erinn M. Banks Timothy J. Fives Tara L. Kuhn John P. Pasmore Kiera Strohm-Herman Matthew A. Barner Ricardo S. Flores Michelle M. Lake Benjamin H. Passey Toni M. Sullivan Daniel J. Beaudoin Bryan J. Flynn Robert W. Lambert Yvonne E. Paul Anne E. Swasey Thomas P. Becker Jennifer E. Folta Joanna R. Latham Adam E. Pearsall Seth D. Tanner Jacob S. Benner Nancy K. Forsberg Sebastien Lavoie Jeffrey C. Perkins Randal B. Thomas Valerie A. Bennett Philip E. Foster Melanie A. Leach J. Vincent Perryman Anne C. Tillery Amy E. Benoit Ranae L. Friend Brian G. Lebreck Noah E. Petro Anne R. Tocker Richard H. Benson Phyllis E. Gaskin Carrie E. Lee Christine M. Philips Mark S. Trevor Brent A. Berge Matt I. Gavette Lai Man Lee David S. Pinkus Charles B. Trout Eric M. Blackburn Gregory Giuliani John V. Leone Christa J. Placzek Matthew J. Tucker Matthew T. Bleakley Jeffrey K. Goodman Alanna P. Lester Chris Pollatos Tiffany Tye Mark T. Bolivar Zakhia X. Grant Gordon Levin Martina G. Prinzhorn Erik A. Vander Horst Mary L. Borzi Michael D. Graveyly John S. Linker Richard M. Quesada Mark D. Vanderbilt Alexander S. Bradley Jessica K. Graybill Peter Lissitschenko Terrie L. Ragins Jodi M. VanderVelden Michelle H. Brewer Matthew A. Gregory Vanesa D. Litvak Jose Norberto Ranalli Elisheva C. Verdi Joel A. Brieske Eric S. Gustafson Daniel M. Litzenberg Melvin E. Rauch, Jr. Joseph B. Vilcheck Julie Brown Markus G. Hagedorn Andrew M. Lorrey Harold A. Ray Deborah J. Waiting Adam K. Bucki Christopher S. Sara E. A. Lyle Mark A. Record Kristoffer T. Walker Nathan E. Burnside Hauptfleisch Elizabeth A. Madsen Nancy R. Reese Nathaniel S. Wanner Malia B. Burrows Amanda M. Heasley Eric S. Magdar Donald E. Rehmer Mary-Morning F. Luis F. Camacho Kirk A. Heim Elizabeth A. Magno Geoffrey Reichold Washburn Sarah J. Cardamon Jennifer L. Hensinger Frank J. Marascia Jeff P. Reinprecht Amy L. Weislogel Sarah K. Carmichael Stephen M. Hensler Robert J. Mark Monica K. Relle Heather L. Welhouse Tina L. Carrick Scott W. Herman Lisa D. McAuliffe Stephanie A. Reynolds Beth A. Wenell Ping Y. Chang Rebecca J. Heumann Joseph C. McCarthy Anabella A. Rivara Carrie Anne White Denise S. Chidester Erin K. Hiatt Luke J. McCartney Amelia C. Robinson Lee A. White Kaneen E. Christensen Susan M. Hinesley Louise P. McGarry James D. Robinson Philipp Wilflingseder Ryan D. Christensen Miriam E. Hornstein John A. Miatech Nickolas R. Rogers Judy L. Wilkinson Cynthia A. Colbert Brian G. Hough Koreen M. Mielke Shannon R. Rose Howard O. Wilson Christopher R. P. Collet Craig M. Hovey Tanya C. Mieras Demetra O. Salisbury Rick L. Wilson Robert J. Conner Andrea H. M. Hulshof Michael J. Miller Nicholas J. Salkowski Jennifer R. Wingate James E. Conolly Grey P. Ingram Zachary J. Miller Brenda K. Saville Heidi A. Woelfel Tim D. Cope Matt C. Jacobs Dorene L. Montler Maria Scalzitti Rebecca L. Yates David A. Cornell Ryan T. Jakubowski David T. Moore Justine L. Schneider Mary Lynn Yurko Andrew J. Crittenden Shannon R. Jock Adam P. Morse Gunther J. Schnorr Kurt K. Zeiler Peter B. Davis Adam N. Johnson Jason R. Mulkey Matthew O. Schrenk Darla K. Zelenitsky P. Allison Dean Christopher L. Johnson Angela P. Murillo Kathy L. Schwager Vladimir B. Zivkovic ■ James F. DeAngelo Steven C. Johnson Robert M. Myers Philip G. Scoggins Aisha H. Dennis Sarah E. Johnston Angelyn Nebeker Dave R. Scott-Queckett Nathalie N. Derrick Sean E. Keneally Joy D. O’Donnell Nicole M. Seibert Laura A. Dietz Melody J. Kent Jeffrey J. Olejnik Michell R. Sequera

22 GSA TODAY, August 1998 PUBLICATIONS NEWS FROM the GSA gen and Hydrogen Isotope Relationships in Hydrothermal Mineral Deposits, by H. P. Taylor Jr.; Sulfur and Carbon Isotopes, Bookstore by H. Ohmoto and M. B. Goldhaber; Thermal Aspects of Ore Formation, by L. Watch this column for news about gsa publications A. Cathles; Metal Transport by Hydrother- mal Ore Fluids, by T. M. Seward and H. L. ACCOMMODATION ZONES AND TRANSFER ZONES: THE Reviews in Engineering Geology 12 REGIONAL SEGMENTATION OF THE BASIN AND RANGE A PARADOX OF POWER: VOICES OF WARNING AND Barnes, a brief and lucid summary of the PROVINCE REASON IN THE GEOSCIENCES state of knowledge of metal complexing edited by James E. Faulds and John H. Stewart, 1998 edited by Charles W. Welby and Monica E. Gowan, 1998 and deposition mechanisms; and Fluid The heterogeneous distribution of strain produces regional The 13 papers in this volume illustrate issues and opportunities Inclusion Studies of Hydrothermal Ore segmentation of extended terranes and a variety of fault-related confronting geologists as they bring their knowledge and Deposits, by E. Roedder and R. J. Bodnar, structures known as accommodation zones and transfer zones. understanding to bear in matters related to public health and Interest in such structures has increased rapidly in recent years, welfare. Public decisions and decision-making processes in the which pays particular attention to the owing to the recognition that segment boundaries may act as face of geologic complexity and uncertainty are the subject of promise of many new techniques for barriers to earthquake rupture, commonly host large the first group of papers. In the second group, several "voice of fluid-inclusion analysis that have devel- hydrocarbon accumulations, and are critical for understanding warning" papers illustrate the use of geologic knowledge and oped in recent years. the three-dimensional geometry of extensional orogens. This research to warn the public of health hazards derived from Five of the chapters warrant special volume focuses on the geometry, kinematic development, and geologic materials and processes. A third group of papers, in origin of regional segmentation structures within the Basin and the "voice of reason" section, describes use of geologic mention. Three of these, Geothermal Sys- Range province of western North America. Contributions range knowledge to help lower the costs of mitigation and avoidance tems and Mercury Deposits, by H. L. from analysis of individual structures to broad regional of geologic hazards. Finally, ethical and philosophical Barnes and T. M. Seward; Submarine syntheses, including a new map of Basin and Range structures questions sometimes confronting geoscientists are discussed in Hydrothermal Systems and Deposits, by S. and tilt domains. Several papers discuss the implications of a fourth group of papers, which address issues of "truth" as D. Scott; and Ore-forming Brines in Active regional segmentation structures in assessing seismic hazards, related to the legal process and questions about the adequacy Continental Rifts, by M. A. McKibben and hydrocarbon and mineral resources, and groundwater supplies. of information in making decisions about long-term On the basis of characteristic geometries in the Basin and radioactive waste disposal. L. A. Hardie, cover important topics not Range and other extended terranes, a new classification for REG012, 185 p., ISBN 0-8137-4112-2, $64.00, Member price addressed in earlier editions of the book. regional segmentation structures is also proposed. $51.20 The Origin and Evolution of Fluids in SPE323, 257 p., 1 color plate, ISBN 0-8137-2323-X, $60.00, Member price $48.00 TRE-N2, VOL. 2, MOLLUSCA 6, BIVALVIA Magmatic-Hydrothermal Systems, by the Reprint. $44.00, Member price $35.20 late Werner Giggenbach, provides an ele- TECTONICS AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE gant and accessible overview of this NORTHEASTERN CARIBBEAN TRE-N2, MOLLUSCA 6, BIVALVIA (2 VOLUME SET) New list $60.00, Member price $48.00 unusually creative scientist’s work. As he edited by Edward G. Lidiak and David K. Larue, 1998 did in earlier editions, Barnes has also This up-to-date account of the geology of the northeastern TREATISE SET, ALL VOLUMES Caribbean plate boundary region is the first general summation List $1234.00; 30% set-discount to all: $863.80 highlighted an important emerging field, of this region since the publication of the DNAG series volume with Organic Matter in Hydrothermal Ore (H) on the Caribbean region (1990). The primary focus of this MEMORIALS, VOL 28 Deposits, by P. Landais and A. P. Gize. Special Paper is on the tectonics and geochemistry of the plate List $35.00, Member price $28.00 The volume also comes with a 3.5” boundary, with emphasis on the island of Puerto Rico, the diskette containing 17 files, in various PC- Puerto Rico trench, and adjacent areas. Following an SHOP GSA’S BOOKSTORE ON THE WEB! compatible formats, of thermodynamic introductory chapter on tectonic setting and stratigraphic correlations of the volcanic strata in Puerto Rico, five papers www.geosociety.org data used in figures in the text; these data deal with geochemical aspects of these and related igneous provide a convenient and useful starting rocks. A second group of three papers deal primarily with the point for calculating figures of interest. tectonics and stratigraphy of Tertiary and younger rocks along 1-800-472-1988 The first and second editions of this the north coast of Puerto Rico and in the adjacent Puerto Rico GSA PUBLICATION SALES book set and maintained a new standard trench. This is essentially a companion to GSA Special Papers 262 and 295; all three concern the circum-Caribbean plate P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 for graduate-level texts on the hydrother- margins. (303) 447-2020 or fax 303-447-1133 Prepayment required. Major credit cards accepted. mal geochemistry of ore deposits. Barnes SPE322, 222 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2322-1, $68.00, Member has succeeded again in providing a view price $54.40 of where we’ve come from, where we are, and where we are probably going in our quest to understand the formation of ores Remote Sensing: Principles and principles of remote sensing, starting from hydrothermal fluids. This knowl- Interpretation (third edition). from basic concepts of electromagnetic edge does not come cheaply, but having By Floyd F. Sabins. W. H. Freeman and radiation and proceeding to theories of so much current and valuable material in Company, New York, 1997, $83.95. radar technology and image processing. a single volume is well worth the cost. Theoretical concepts are well presented There is little of consequence in the field emote sensing, as defined by Floyd and illustrated, requiring only an under- that cannot be accessed through this vol- Sabins in this third edition of Remote R graduate knowledge of physics and math- ume. It will be a reference of unique value Sensing: Principles and Interpretation is “the ematics; yet they are thorough enough to for many years to come, and it is the obvi- science of acquiring, processing and inter- provide an in-depth understanding. The ous textbook for any graduate course on preting images and related data, obtained next six chapters cover topical applica- hydrothermal geochemistry. Barnes and from aircraft and satellites, that record the tions of remote sensing, including meteo- his coauthors are to be congratulated for interaction between matter and electro- rological, oceanographic, environmental, their skill and effort in bringing the magnetic radiation.” Once again, Sabins oil and mineral exploration, hazards, and “Barnes volume” splendidly up-to-date. has written a remote-sensing textbook land use. Discussions on the use of ther- that is a tour de force, standing head and Andrew Macfarlane mal infrared data from various satellite shoulders above the competition. The cur- Florida International University sensors came in handy for me, as I tackled rent edition, appearing 10 years after the Miami, FL 33199 writing a high-school–level review of ther- previous one, contains 50% new and up- mal remote sensing from space. Sabins’s to-date material. The book is organized into 14 chapters: The first eight cover Book Reviews continued on p. 24

GSA TODAY, August 1998 23 LETTERS

The Name Game—Parsimony employing the precepts of Occam’s Razor Ice-ring Shadows and Public Communication to apply the most general, widely recog- Hoffman and others (GSA Today, The Edwards Group, a carbonate-rock nized name—in this instance, the Edwards [v. 8, no. 5, p. 1–9] May 1998) contributed unit that underlies most of South-Central Limestone. Such usage runs counter to a useful list of hypotheses relating Neopro- Texas, comprises several hydrologically strict rules of stratigraphic nomenclature, terozoic carbonates and glacial diamictites. distinct karst aquifers (including the arte- but the trade-off is concise, effective com- But wait, there’s more! The late Richard P. sian system supplying San Antonio, the munication with the general public and Sheldon, in a never-published manuscript largest city in the U.S. solely dependent with the profession at large. The Edwards ca. 1983, suggested Saturn-like ice rings on groundwater). Its caves and springs is a name that is recognized by most that would cast low-latitude winter shad- harbor endangered vertebrates, inverte- informed people of central Texas, whereas ows, with obliquities comparable to those brates, and plants; it also is a major stone formation names such as Kainer, Segovia, of today. The glacial-carbonate relation resource and a petroleum reservoir. or McKnight are lost on the lay public and would involve not only shadow margins Maintenance of adequate quality on most geologists elsewhere (just as Texas but the waxing and waning of rings. Dick and quantity of this groundwater resource geologists may recognize the Madison was led to the model by observation of is not assured for competing future Limestone by name but not the Lodgepole Proterozoic sequences of India, and was demands, and conflicts periodically or the Marble Canyon). For the Edwards, devising tests involving varve couplets, involve the state legislature, regional nomenclature is complex enough, political formed at locales that saw two shadows per water-conservation districts, local govern- battles are heated enough, and the stakes year. As I understand it, the hypothesis is ments, and the courts. But alas, geologic are high enough to bend our rigid rules for most similar to the high-obliquity model information often is lost in the fray, and the sake of emphatic communication! (Hoffman and others’ #1) but is more con- confusion is abetted by the daunting array sistent with close association of carbonates C. M. Woodruff, Jr. , Peter R. Rose of names under the rubric of “Edwards” and glacial deposits and could produce Austin, TX 78701 (the Geologic Atlas of Texas subdivides the both high- and low-latitude glaciers. Edwards Group into at least nine forma- Patrick L. Abbott Eric Force tions across the state). San Diego State University U.S. Geological Survey For overview reports, we recommend San Diego, CA 92182 Tucson, AZ 85719 ■

Book Reviews continued from p. 23 Glimpses into the Obvious. work. Yet I think the value of his tale lies By Sherman Wengerd. Goosefoot Acres Press, in his ability to tell it with consistency long-term involvement in the oil explo- Cleveland, Ohio, 1998, $27.90 (paper- and enthusiasm. I particularly enjoyed his ration business is evident in the emphasis bound). commentaries on chestnuts, his father’s on geologic applications and the inclu- admonitions on avoiding pickpockets, his hould you be interested in an enter- sion of an appendix on basic geology; disdain of academic bureaucracy, and taining autobiography that is conver- however, the overall breadth of material S his obviously enjoyable life with his wife, sational in style, at times witty, iconoclas- covered is one of the strengths of this Florence, and her family (her father was tic, and insightful, occasionally politically book, and makes it a valuable resource for Kirtley Mather, geologist and political incorrect, but always rife with enthusiasm anyone interested in remote sensing and activist). for living, then Sherman Wengerd’s book its many applications, not just geologists. The book is easy to read and enter- could be for you. The volume is not as Accompanying the book is a large lab- taining. Unfortunately the photo illustra- professionally centered as Pettijohn’s oratory manual, designed to complement tions did not reproduce well. Memoirs of an Unrepentant Field Geologist or the text when used in a classroom setting. Longyear’s Mesabi Pioneer; rather, Sherm Donald M. Davidson, Jr. The exercises are keyed to each chapter, has woven a broad fabric tracing both his Geological Society of America and they provide a useful hands-on rein- life and career (he died in 1995). Boulder, CO 80301 forcement of the concepts introduced and And an interesting life it was— developed in the text. Here too, there is an upbringing in Ohio within a Pennsylva- emphasis on geologic applications, partic- nia Dutch family, nine years spent as a ularly interpretation of areas with expo- Environmental and Engineering roofer in his youth, advanced education sures of sedimentary rocks. Additional Geophysics. By Prem V. Sharma. Cam- at the College of Wooster and at Harvard, exercises on interpretation of radar bridge University Press 1997, xxiv + 475 p., private pilot, U.S. Naval Reserve, jug hus- images, land use, and oceanography, hardcover $100; paperback, $44.95. tler and seismic surveyor, university pro- among others, round out the coverage. fessor (University of New Mexico), and his textbook covers precisely what its Despite being designed for an intro- consultant. In this memoir, Sherm consis- title implies. Such a book has been ductory university course in remote sens- T tently reveals his unending zest for living needed for more than a decade and will ing, Remote Sensing will find a welcome and exploration of the world about him. help professors whose specialties and and valued place on my bookshelf. It is a He was decidedly opinionated and the expertise are peripheral to near-surface complete and up-to-date reference source, volume contains many quotations as well geophysics. For example, the book has with citations to the scientific literature as pointed observations on various sub- separate chapters on ground-penetrating and contacts for commercial suppliers of jects. radar (GPR) and electromagnetics (EM), remote-sensing data. And it is my one Those among us who have bridged subjects either omitted from or scarcely place to look for theoretical treatments as academics and consulting in the geo- mentioned in Burger’s Exploration Geo- well as interpretation methods. sciences will appreciate the “real-world” physics of the Shallow Subsurface (1992). Michael Abrams perspective with which Sherm viewed his Jet Propulsion Laboratory academic surroundings and the delibera- Pasadena, CA 91109 tive passion he held for his consulting Book Reviews continued on p. 25

24 GSA TODAY, August 1998 Book Reviews continued from p. 24 GSA Section Meetings — 1999 Sharma’s book also is intended as “a valuable reference work for profes- Call for Papers sional earth scientists, engineers, and Send volunteered abstract to the addresses shown. For invited (symposia) abstracts, town planners” (cover quote). As a text follow instructions provided to you by convener. for undergraduates, it serves reasonably well; as a reference work for professionals, however, the book falls somewhat short. SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION Specifically, the material on shallow- March 15–16, 1999 April 8–10, 1999 reflection seismology is quite dated, Holiday Inn Civic Center Quality Inn Pocatello Park Hotel owing primarily to the phenomenal Lubbock, Texas Pocatello, Idaho development of seismic instrumentation Abstract Deadline Abstract Deadline over the past 10 years. Similarly, EM and December 15, 1998 December 29, 1998 GPR have undergone rapid changes dur- Submit completed abstracts to: Submit completed abstracts to: ing the 1990s. James Barrick Paul Link Basic information concerning the Department of Geosciences Dept. of Geology theory and application of all relevant Texas Tech Idaho State University near-surface geophysical methods is Lubbock, TX 79409-1053 785 South 8th Ave. given, including a segment on shallow (806) 742-3107 Pocatello, ID 83209-8072 borehole logging. Except for the section [email protected] (208) 236-3846 on GPR, the theoretical discussion is not [email protected] significantly different from treatments NORTHEASTERN SECTION that have been available in classic text- March 22–24, 1999 NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION books for more than 10 years. When I Westin Hotel April 22–23, 1999 read the section on seismology, it became Providence, Rhode Island Chancellor Hotel and Conference Center clear that the book was not written by a Champaign-Urbana, Illinois seismologist. In all likelihood, experts in Abstract Deadline EM or GPR could say the same about the December 8, 1998 Abstract Deadline sections covering their respective fields of Submit completed abstracts to: January 11, 1999 study. However, sometimes introductory Anne I. Veeger Submit completed abstracts to: materials are best presented by an author Department of Geology C. Pius Weibel who focuses less narrowly on a topic than University of Rhode Island, Illinois State Geological Survey would a specialist. Green Hall 615 Peabody Dr. Missing from this book is an effort Kingston, RI 02881 Champaign, IL 61820 to integrate the various geophysical meth- (401) 874-2187 (217) 333-5108 ods into a logical approach to solving an [email protected] [email protected] environmental or engineering problem. A token effort was made, in the form of a SOUTHEASTERN SECTION CORDILLERAN SECTION single table and a brief, superficial discus- March 25–26, 1999 June 2–4, 1999 sion in the first chapter. The opening Athens Classic Convention Center University of California—Berkeley chapter also includes a geological time Athens, Georgia Berkeley, California chart, which appears to be either out of Abstract Deadline Abstract Deadline: place or superfluous. December 14, 1998 February 19, 1999 Overall, the book is well constructed Submit completed abstracts to: Submit completed abstracts to: and nicely illustrated in black and white. Michael F. Roden George Brimhall The paperback pricing is competitive. Department of Geology Dept. of Geology & Geophysics The reference list, while not exhaustive, University of Georgia University of California is a good beginner’s guide to the con- Athens, GA 30602-2501 Berkeley, CA 94720-4767 temporary literature of near-surface geo- (706) 542-2416 (510) 642-5868 physics. In addition, Sharma’s book reads [email protected] [email protected] well, and the number of typographical errors is acceptably small. ✁ If students are primarily under- 1999 SECTION MEETING ABSTRACT FORM REQUEST graduates or have not yet had a geo- physics class, this book deserves serious To: GSA Abstracts Coordinator, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140 consideration as a text for a course in or E-mail: [email protected] environmental or engineering geophysics. If, however, the class is composed primar- Please send _____ copies of the 1999 GSA Section Meeting abstract form. ily of graduate students in geophysics, the three-volume SEG work Geotechnical and Environmental Geophysics edited by Stan Name ______Ward (1990), augmented by class notes, might be more appropriate. Address ______Don W. Steeples University of Kansas ______Lawrence KS 66045 ■

City ______State______ZIP ______

GSA TODAY, August 1998 25 VOLUME 26 August BULLETIN and NO. 8 P. 673Ð768 GEOLOGY Contents AUGUST 1998 675 Oxygen isotopes versus CLIMAP (18 ka) temperatures: A comparison from the tropical Atlantic The Geological Society of America Tobias Wolff, Stefan Mulitza, Helge Arz, Jürgen Pätzold, Gerold Wefer 679 Fluid migration and coal-rank development in foreland basins Rod Gayer, Grant Garven, David Rickard Volume 110, Number 8, August 1998 683 “Molar-tooth” structures: A geochemical perspective on a Proterozoic enigma Tracy D. Frank, Timothy W. Lyons 947Ð971 Implications of seismic reflection and potential field geophysical 687 Mantle flow mechanisms for the large-scale subsidence of continental data on the structural framework of the Yucca MountainÐCrater Flat interiors region, Nevada Russell N. Pysklywec, Jerry X. Mitrovica Thomas M. Brocher, W. Clay Hunter, and Victoria E. Langenheim 691 Role of oblique convergence in the active deformation of the Himalayas and southern Tibet plateau 972Ð984 Objective delineation of lahar-inundation hazard zones Robert McCaffrey, John Nabelek Richard M. Iverson, Steven P. Schilling, and James W. Vallance 695 Holocene left-slip rate determined by cosmogenic surface dating on 985Ð1009 Late Cenozoic exhumation of the Cascadia accretionary wedge the Xidatan segment of the Kunlun fault (Qinghai, China) in the Olympic Mountains, northwest Washington State J. Van der Woerd, F. J. Ryerson, P. Tapponier, Y. Gaudemer, R. Finkel, A. S. Meriaux, Mark T. Brandon, Mary K. Roden-Tice, and John I. Garver M. Caffee, Zhao Guoguang, He Qunlu 699 Styles of extensional decoupling 1010Ð1027 Structure and shortening of the Kangra and Dehra Dun reentrants, John R. Hopper, W. Roger Buck Sub-Himalaya, India Peter M. Powers, Robert J. Lillie, and Robert S. Yeats 703 Hairpin river loops and slip-sense inversion on southeast Asian strike- slip faults Robin Lacassin, Anne Replumaz, P. Hervé Leloup 1028Ð1045 Molar-tooth structure in Proterozoic carbonate rocks: Origin from synsedimentary earthquakes, and implications for the nature 707 Early evolution of the Proto-Andean margin of South America and evolution of basins and marine sediment C. W. Rapela, R. J. Pankhurst, C. Casquet, E. Baldo, J. Saavedra, C. Galindo Brian R. Pratt 711 Granite ascent in convergent orogenic belts: Testing a model Gary S. Solar, Rachel A. Pressley, Michael Brown, Robert D. Tucker 1046Ð1059 Paleokarst in the Lower Ordovician Beekmantown Group, Ottawa Embayment: Structural control inboard of the Appalachian orogen 715 Cyclones and tides as feeders of a submarine canyon off Bangladesh George R. Dix, George W. Robinson, and D. Colin McGregor H. R. Kudrass, K. H. Michels, M. Wiedicke, A. Suckow

Selkirk fan structure, southeastern Canadian Cordillera: Tectonic 719 Long-lived mantle-plume influence on an Archean protocontinent: 1060Ð1074 Geochemical evidence from the 3 Ga Lumby Lake greenstone belt, wedging against an inherited basement ramp Ontario, Canada Maurice Colpron, Marian J. Warren, and Raymond A. Price Derek Wyman, Pete Hollings 1075Ð1093 Michigan hockey, meteoric precipitation, and rhythmicity of 723 Tectonic shortening and crustal thickness in the Central Andes: How accumulation on peritidal carbonate platforms good is the correlation? Bruce H. Wilkinson, Nathaniel W. Diedrich, Carl N. Drummond, Jonas Kley, César R. Monaldi and Edward D. Rothman 727 Magnitude and timing of peat-to-coal compaction G. C. Nadon 1094Ð1104 Mesozoic metamorphic and middle to late Tertiary magmatic events on Magdalena and Santa Margarita Islands, Baja California Sur, 731 Plume-modified orogeny: An example from the western United States Mexico: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Baja California J. Brendan Murphy, Gary L. Oppliger, George H. Brimhall, Jr., Andrew Hynes continental borderland 735 Structural and stratigraphic evolution of extensional oceanic arcs Jennifer A. Bonini and Suzanne L. Baldwin Benjamin N. Fackler-Adams, Cathy J. Busby 739 Were komatiites wet? N. Arndt, C. Ginibre, C. Chauvel, F. Albarède, M. Cheadle, C. Herzberg, G. Jenner, Y. Lahaye Don’t risk missing a single issue of MOVING? 743 Deep structure in the vicinity of the ocean-continent transition zone GSA Today or other publications! If you’re planning on under the southern Iberia Abyssal Plain changing your address, simply write in your new Discovery 215 Working Group address and mail this coupon along with your sub- scription mailing label (use label from this newsletter) 747 Evidence of recycling of isotopically light CO2 (aq) in stratified black shale basins: Contrasts between the Whitby Mudstone and to: GSA, Membership Services, P.O. Box 9140, Boul- Kimmeridge Clay formations, United Kingdom der, CO 80301-9140. Or you may call with your change of address G. Sælen, R. V. Tyson, M. R. Talbot, N. Telnæs information— (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988 or e-mail us at mem- [email protected]. 751 Ordovician convergent-margin volcanism and tectonism in the Lachlan sector of east Gondwana (Report address changes at least six weeks in advance. If possible, give us your R. A. Glen, J. L. Walshe, L. M. Barron, J. J. Watkins change of address by the tenth of the month.) 755 Will the Dead Sea die? PLEASE PRINT Yoseph Yechieli, Ittai Gavrieli, Brian Berkowitz, Daniel Ronen 759 Fore-arc migration in Cascadia and its neotectonic significance Name ______Ray E. Wells, Craig S. Weaver, Richard J. Blakely Address ______Forum

______763 Hydrothermal alteration of oxygen isotope ratios in quartz pheno- crysts, Kidd Creek mine, Ontario: Magmatic values preserved in zircons Comment: Bruce E. Taylor, David L. Huston City ______Reply: Elizabeth M. King, C. Tucker Barrie, John W. Valley State/ZIP/Country ______765 Paleozoic metamorphism in the Qinling orogen, Tongbai Mountains, central China: Correction Phone (business hours) ______766 Guidelines for Geology Authors Geology Editorial Policy I do not wish to have this number in the Membership Directory. 767 Suggestions for Producing Geology Artwork Change my voting section to: ______768 Suggestions for Producing Geology Tables

26 GSA TODAY, August 1998 CALENDAR

November Southern Midcontinent, Norman, Oklahoma. Only new or changed information is November 21–27, Volcanic Rifted Margins, Information: Kenneth S. Johnson, Oklahoma Geo- published in GSA Today. A complete listing Sana`a, Yemen. Information: Martin Menzies, logical Survey, University of Oklahoma, 100 East can be found in the Calendar section on Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University Boyd St., Room N-131, Norman, OK, 73019, (405) the Internet: http://www.geosociety.org. of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW 20 OEX, 325-3031 or (800) 330-3996, fax 405-325-7079. United Kingdom, 44-1784-443105, fax 44-1784- April 471780, [email protected]. 1998 Penrose Conferences April 10–14, 7th Multidisciplinary Conference September on Sinkholes and the Engineering and September 13–17, Ophiolites and Oceanic 1998 Meetings Environmental Impacts of Karst, Harrisburg, Crust: New Insights from Field Studies and Pennsylvania. Information: Gayle Herring, P. E. September Ocean Drilling Program, Marshall, California. LaMoreaux and Associates, Inc., 106 Administra- September 14–16, 2nd Middle East Refining Information: Yildirim Dilek, Dept. of Geology, tion Rd., Oak Ridge, TN 37830, (423) 483-7483, and Petrochemicals Conference and Exhibi- Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, (513) fax 423-483-7639, [email protected], http://www. tion, Manama, Bahrain. Information: Arabian 529-2212, fax 513-529-1542, [email protected]. uakron.edu/geology/karstwaters/7th.html. Exhibition Management, WLL, P.O. Box 20200, (Abstract deadline: August 21, 1998.) Manama, Bahrain, 973-550033, fax 973-553288, 1999 Penrose Conferences [email protected], http://www.batelco. April 19–22, In Situ and On-Site Bioremedia- com. tion Fifth International Symposium, San January Diego, California. Information: The Conference October January 18–24, Strike-slip to Subduction Tran- Group, (800) 783-6338 or (614) 424-5461, October 4–8, MODFLOW ‘98 International sitions on Plate Boundaries: Tectonic Set- fax 614-488-5747, conference-group@com- Conference, Golden, Colorado. Information: ting, Plate Kinematics, and Seismic Hazards, puserve.com. (Abstracts deadline: August 31, 1998.) Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic. Information: Office of Special Programs and Continuing Paul Mann, Institute of Geophysics, University of Education, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, April 26–28, Thrust Tectonics ’99, Egham, Sur- Texas, Bldg 600, 4412 Spicewood Springs Road, CO 80401, (303) 273-3321, fax 303-273-3314, rey, UK. Information: K. R. McClay, Royal Holloway Austin, TX 78759-8500, (512) 471-0452, fax [email protected], http://www.mines.edu/Out- University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, 512-471-8844, [email protected]. reach/Cont_Ed or www.mines.edu/IGWMC/. UK, phone 44-1784-443618, fax 44-1784-438925. March October 13–16, III Seminario Minero Sonora April 28–30, Geosynthetics 1999, Boston, Mas- March 25–31, Mid-Cretaceous to Recent Plate 2000, Mining and Development of Mexico sachusetts. Information: Jeanne McGovern, Boundary Processes in the Southwest in the XXI Century, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Geosynthetics Associate, Industrial Fabrics Associa- Pacific, Arthur’s Pass, South Island of New Information: Association of Mining, Metallurgical, tion International, 1801 County Road B W, Zealand. Information: Suzanne L. Baldwin, and Geological Engineers of Mexico, Sonoran Roseville, MN 55113-4061, (612) 222-2508, Department of Geosciences, University of Chapter, Mario Campos, President, Calle Aldama (800) 225-4324, fax 612-631-9334, Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, (520) 621-9688, #73, Col. San Benito, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, [email protected], http://www.ifai.com. 52-62-105510, fax 52-62-141666, fquerol@ fax 520-621-2672, [email protected]. May rtn.uson.mx. June May 26–28, Geological Association of June 18–24, Terrane Accretion along the Canada–Mineralogical Association of Western Cordilleran Margin: Constraints on 1999 Meetings Canada Joint Annual Meeting, Sudbury, Timing and Displacement, Winthrop, Washing- Ontario. Information: P. Copper, Dept. of Earth February ton. Information: J. Brian Mahoney, Department of Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario February 10–12, Dynamics of Fluids in Frac- Geology, University of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, WI P3E 2C6, Canada, (705) 675-1151, ext. 2267, fax tured Rocks: Concepts and Recent Advances 54702-4004, (715) 836-4952, fax 715-836-2380, 705-675-4898, [email protected]. International Symposium, Berkeley, California. [email protected]. Information: Boris Faybishenko, Lawrence Berkeley June August National Laboratory, Earth Sciences Division, One June 3–5, 3rd International Conference on August 17–22, The Marine Eocene-Oligocene Cyclotron Road, Mail Stop 90-1116, Berkeley, CA Analysis of Discontinuous Deformation Transition, Olympia, Washington. Information: 94720; [email protected]; http://www.esd.lbl.gov/ (ICADD-3), Vail, Colorado. Information: Bernard Donald R. Prothero, Department of Geology, Occi- witherspoon. (Extended abstracts [2–4 pages] Amadei, University of Colorado, Dept. of Engineer- dental College, 1600 Campus Road, Los Angeles, deadline: September 1, 1998.) ing, CB 428, Boulder, CO, 80309-0428, (303) CA 90041, (213) 259-2557, fax 213-259-2704, March [email protected]. March 23–24, Silurian, Devonian, and Missis- sippian Geology and Petroleum in the Calendar continued on p. 29

Environmental & Engineering Geoscience Contents

Volume IV, Number 1, Spring 1998 103 Geotechnical Study for Evaluating Stability and Restoration Work at the 1,000 Year Old Archaeological Site of Ayla, Gulf of Aqaba, 1 1997 Honorary Member: Anthony Berrangé Antill Brink Kingdom of Jordan 3 1997 AEG Student Professional Paper: Undergraduate Division: The Azm S. Al-Homoud and Ahmed B. Tal Effectiveness of In Situ Limestone Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Matthew R. Cox Technical Notes 15 Outstanding Student Research Grant Proposals of the Geological 115 Simple Field Method to Detect Sulfide Sulfur in Rocks Society of America G. H. McClellan, J. L. Eades and N. A. Johnson 19 A Chronicle of California Tunnel Incidents 117 Study of Differential and Lateral Movement of Buildings Richard J. Proctor Robert W. Day 55 Implications of Electrical Resistivity Data Regarding Ground-Water 124 Swelling Behavior of Desiccated Clay Lenses on San Salvador Island, Bahamas Robert W. Day A.W. Gerhard Kunze 130 Seismic Refraction and Electrical Resistivity Methods in Landslide 77 Impact of Industrial Effluent Diversion on Bayou Trepagnier, Investigations in the Himalayan Foothills Louisiana B. M. Rame Gowda, N. Ghosh, R. S. Wadhwa, P. V. Akut and S. D. Vaidya George C. Flowers, Joseph N. Suhayda, Joseph W. Clymire, Gary L. McPherson, Lynn V. Koplitz and Michael A. Poirrier 137 Book Reviews 93 An Effective Stress Understanding of Liquefaction Behavior G. Norris, Z. Zafir and R. Siddharthan

GSA TODAY, August 1998 27 TORONTO TORONTO1998 Annual Meeting October 26-29 Metro Toronto Convention Centre Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel

Preregistration Deadline: LateLate-Breaking Research Sessions September 18 Technical Program Schedule: Exciting new data or breakthroughs September GSA Today over the summer? and the Web Present your work at the GSA Annual Meeting this fall! Registration and Housing Special instructions for submitting an abstract for the Late-Breaking Research Sessions: information: ◆ An abstract on late-breaking research may be submitted electronically after June GSA Today September 1 until midnight, September 30, 1998. ◆ Abstracts may not be submitted on paper or by e-mail; they must be submitted using the Web form: http://www.geosociety.org/meetings/98 ◆ Space will be limited and selection will be based on scientific merit. HeadquartersHea ◆ The author must provide a brief explanation of why the abstract deserves consideration after the usual deadline for this meeting. ServicesSer ◆ The presentation will be poster mode only, and will be put with the appropriate discipline poster session. These posters will be announced as “Late-Breaking Research,” with In addition to the regular exhibit hall booth number, at poster session entrances. hours, GSA staff will also be on hand ◆ Because of scheduling limitations, the policy is that only one volunteered paper may be pre- Thursday, from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m., sented in either oral or poster mode for the overall meeting. If you already had a volunteered to provide GSA services and oppor- abstract accepted, please do not submit another—even if the second one is “news.” tunities to GSA members and meeting Abstract Fee: For this meeting, a nonrefundable abstract fee of $50 must accompany each Late- attendees. Breaking Research abstract submitted. Our Web-template form will ask for credit-card informa- GSA BOOKSTORE tion. Our secure server system for transmission of your credit-card data will fully protect your GSA GEOLOGY & PUBLIC POLICY confidential information. GSA FOUNDATION Schedule: Abstracts will be reviewed by the Technical Program Chairs for 1998 and 1999. Elec- GSA MEMBERSHIP tronic acceptance notices will be sent out the first week in October with the place and time of GSA SAGE/PEP presentation. The date and time will depend on where your paper best fits scientifically. We will GSA FUTURE MEETINGS try to provide a time for your paper together with others of similar relevance. Publication: These abstracts will be published on the Web along with the other annual meeting abstracts, and paper copies will be made available on site in Toronto. They will not be published Visit Us! in the Abstracts with Programs volume.

28 GSA TODAY, August 1998 1999 Denver, Colorado Crossing Divides CALL FOR FIELD TRIP PROPOSALS We are interested in proposals for single-day and multi-day field trips beginning or ending in Denver, and dealing with all aspects of the geosciences. Please contact the Field Trip Co-Chairs: Alan Lester Bruce Trudgill GSA Department of Geological Sciences Department of Geological Sciences University of Colorado University of Colorado Annual Meeting Campus Box 399 Campus Box 399 and Exposition Boulder, CO 80309-0399 Boulder, CO 80309-0399 (303) 492-6172 (303) 492-2126 October 25–28 fax 303-492-2606 fax 303-492-2606 Colorado Convention Center [email protected] [email protected]

GENERAL CO-CHAIRS CALL FOR SHORT COURSE PROPOSALS Mary J. Kraus, David Budd, University of Colorado Due December 1, 1998 The GSA Committee on Continuing Education invites those interested in proposing ECHNICAL ROGRAM HAIRS T P C a GSA-sponsored or cosponsored course or workshop to contact GSA headquarters Craig Jones, G. Lang Farmer, for proposal guidelines. Continuing Education courses may be conducted in con- University of Colorado junction with all GSA annual or section meetings.We are particularly interested in receiving proposals for the 1999 Denver Annual Meeting or the 2000 Reno Annual Due date for Meeting. Pardee Keynote Symposia Proposals must be received by December 1, 1998.Selection of courses for 1999 will be and made by February 1, 1999. For those planning ahead, we will also consider courses for topical Session proposals: 2000 at that time. January 6, 1999 Electronic Proposal Form Available For proposal guidelines or information, contact: November 1, 1998. Edna Collis, Continuing Education Coordinator, GSA headquarters, 1-800-472-1988, ext. 134, [email protected]

FOR INFORMATION ON ANY GSA MEETING CALL THE GSA MEETINGS DEPARTMENT. FUTURE 1-800-472-1988 or • (303) 447-2020, ext. 113 • [email protected] GSA MEETINGS Or see GSA’s Web page at http://www.geosociety.org 2000 Reno, Nevada November 13–16 Calendar continued from p. 27 June 21–24, Fourth International Airborne 2001 Boston, Massachusetts Remote Sensing Conference and Exhibition, November 5–8 Westin Hotel, Ottawa, Ontario. Information: ERIM 492-7734, fax 303-492-7317, amadei@spot. 2002 Denver, Colorado colorado.edu, http://www.tmn.com/~arma. Airborne Conferences, Box 134008, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-1008, (734) 994-1200, ext. 3234, October 28–31 June 6–9, 37th U.S. Rock Mechanics Sympo- fax 734-994-5123, [email protected], sium, Vail, Colorado. Information: ExpoMasters, http://www.erim-int.com/CONF/conf.html. 2003 Seattle, Washington 7632 E. Costilla Ave., Englewood, CO 80112, November 2–5 (303) 771-2000, fax 303-843-6212, mcramer@ July expomasters.com. July 11–16, Meteoritical Society 62nd Annual Meeting, Johannesburg, South Africa. Informa- June 20–24, Coastal Sediments ‘99: Scales tion: W. U. Reimold, Dept. of Geology, University of Coastal Sediment Motion and Geomorphic of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, P.O. Wits Change, Long Island, New York. Information: 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa, phone 27 11 October Nicholas C. Kraus, USAE Waterways Experiment 716 2946, fax 27 11 339 1697, 065wur@ October 13–17, 7th International Symposium Station, Coastal & Hydraulics Laboratory cosmos.wits.ac.za. on Fossil Algae, Nanjing, China. Information: Mu (CEWES-CC), 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Xi-nan, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeon- MS 39180-6199, (601) 634-2016, http://www. September–October tology, Academia Sinica, 39 East Beijing Road, coastalsediments.org. September 26–October 2, VII International Nanjing 210008, China, fax 86-25-335-7026, Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Eco- [email protected]. June 21–24, International Gemological Sym- systems, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Information: posium, San Diego, California. Information: Dona Georgina Del Fueyo, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, Send notices of meetings of general interest, in Dirlam, Gemological Institute of America, 5345 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina., imposio@musbr. format above, to Editor, GSA Today, P.O. Box 9140, Armada Dr., Carlsbad, CA 92008, (760) 603-4154, org.secyt.gov.ar. Boulder, CO 80301, E-mail: [email protected]. fax 760-603-4256, [email protected]. (Abstract [poster] deadline: October 1, 1998.)

GSA TODAY, August 1998 29 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING

Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or can- UCLA GEOLOGY cellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office one NEOTECTONICS FACULTY POSITION CUNY STATEN ISLAND month prior. Contact Advertising Department (303) The Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University SEARCH REOPENED 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133, or of California, Los Angeles, invites applications for a ladder The Department of Applied Sciences of the College of E-mail:[email protected]. Please include com- faculty position at the assistant or associate professor Staten Island, a senior college of The City University of plete address, phone number, and E-mail address with all level in the general areas of neotectonics, paleoseismol- New York, seeks candidates for an anticipated tenure- correspondence. ogy, quantitative geomorphology, and surficial processes. track position as assistant professor of Geology, begin- We are particularly interested in candidates who can inte- ning February or September 1999. CSI is located on a Per line grate field observations with one of the following disci- new 204-acre campus equipped with first-rank teaching Per Line for each plines: (1) quantitative modeling of landform evolution due and research facilities. Required: Ph.D. in Geology with for addt'l month to interaction of neotectonics and surficial processes, (2) postdoctoral experience preferred, demonstrated commit- Classification 1st month (same ad) monitoring surface deformation and evolution using space ment to research,grants, and publication; and excellence Situations Wanted $1.75 $1.40 geodetic techniques (e.g., radar interferometry, SPOT in undergraduate teaching. The new faculty member will Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 imagery, GPS), (3) modeling crustal and mantle dynamics be expected to have credentials that qualify for appoint- Consultants $6.50 $5.50 using patterns and histories of Quaternary land surface ment to the CUNY doctoral faculty. The successful candi- Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 deformation, (4) earthquake hazard assessments, and (5) date will be expected to teach undergraduate geology Opportunities for Students Quaternary chronology of land surfaces and dating offset courses to liberal arts students, establish a vigorous and first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 geologic features along active faults. The Department has productive research program, and interact with members additional lines $1.35 $2.35 active programs in monitoring and forecasting of southern of the environmental science, engineering, and/or physics Code number: $2.75 extra Californian earthquakes, the tectonics of Asia and North faculty. Preference will be given to the following fields of American Cordillera, mantle dynamics, and planetary sci- research: Environmental Geosciences, Geophysics, Engi- Agencies and organizations may submit purchase order or ences. Interested applicants should send a resume, a list neering Geology, and Hydrology. Salary range: payment with copy. Individuals must send prepayment of three references, and other relevant documentation to: $38,587Ð$52,213, commensurate with qualifications. with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 characters per line, Neotectonics Search Committee, Department of Earth and Review of applications will begin immediately and con- including all punctuation and blank spaces. Actual cost Space Sciences, P.O. Box 1567, University of California, tinue until the position is filled. Send letter of application may differ if you use capitals, centered copy, or special Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567. that describes teaching experience and research inter- characters. Deadline for applications is September 1, 1998. The ests, curriculum vitae, and the names, addresses, and University of California is an equal opportunity employer. telephone numbers of at least three references to Profes- To answer coded ads, use this address: Code # ----, sor A. Ohan, Chair, Geology Search Committee, Depart- GSA Advertising Dept., P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO ment of Applied Sciences, College of Staten Island/CUNY, 80301-9140. All coded mail will be forwarded within STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY -- PETROLEUM GEOLOGY 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314. 24 hours of arrival at GSA Today office. WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY EEO/AA/ADA employer. Liz Seder, College of Staten The Department of Geology & Geography invites applica- Island/CUNY South Administration (1A) room 202, 2800 tions for a tenure-track faculty position in structural geol- Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314; tel (718) 982- ogy. The appointment will be at the level of beginning 2331; fax 718-982-2274; e-mail [email protected]. Positions Open assistant professor, effective January or August 1999, and cuny.edu the Ph.D. degree is required at the time of appointment. We are seeking an individual who is adept in both PROCESS GEOMORPHOLOGIST HYDROGEOSCIENCES, VIRGINIA TECH quantitative and field approaches to geological research The Maryland Geological Survey invites applications for The Department of Geological Sciences at Virginia Poly- and teaching. This individual will be expected to collabo- the position of Geologist III or IV (Geomorphology option). technic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) rate with others in the department and to establish link- The work will be divided between small-watershed extends its search for an Assistant Professor (tenure- ages with the petroleum industry. The successful candi- research for the Maryland Geological Survey (MGS) and track) in Hydrogeosciences. date will have demonstrated research capabilities in stream restoration projects for the Watershed Restoration The successful candidate must have expertise in data structural geology and petroleum geology, and he or she Division (WRD), both organziations being part of the collection and quantitative analysis of field observations. should be able to effectively teach undergraduate courses Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). The Areas of interest include: Environmental geochemistry of in these two fields and supervise M.S. and Ph.D. students. successful candidate will devote equal time to: (1) plan- natural aquifer systems in sedimentary and fractured crys- The candidate should be able to teach a large section of ning, coordinating, and conducting investigations of non- talline terranes, multiphase fluid flow in aquifer systems introductory geology and to participate in the team-teach- biological processes of small watersheds, the interaction using deterministic and stochastic techniques, determinis- ing of our capstone field camp. In addition, the successful of these processes, and the influence they have on the tic/stochastic modeling of fluid-flow systems in petroleum candidate must attract external research funding. Addi- streams that drain the watersheds; and (2) planning and reservoirs. tional information is available on-line at http://www. designing stream restoration projects and providing tech- A Ph.D. is required at the time of appointment. Applica- geo.wvu.edu. nical assistance to various governmental agencies and to tion closing date is September 1, 1998. Interested appli- Interested candidates should submit a curriculum vitae others in the implementation of stream restoration activi- cants should send a letter of interest, curriculum vitae, including a list of publications, grants, a statement of ties. This position will collaborate with other State, County, transcripts, names of three references, a statement of teaching and research interests, transcripts from graduate Federal, and academic small-watershed programs. Mini- anticipated research and teaching interests, along with a schools, and contact information for five references to: Dr. mum qualification: Geologist III Master's degree in the short essay explaining where the applicant would like to Richard Smosna, Chair of Search Committee, Department field of geology with geomorphology emphasis plus 2 see him/herself within the geosciences in the 21st century. of Geology & Geography, Box 6300, West Virginia Univer- years experience, or Ph.D. with geomorphology special- Applicants should send their application package to Cahit sity, Morgantown, WV 26506. Review of applications will ization. Geologist IV Master's degree plus 4 years experi- Coruh, Chairman, Department of Geological Sciences, begin on September 1 and will continue until the position ence, or Ph.D. with 2 years experience. Starting base Virginia Tech, 4044 Derring Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061- is filled. West Virginia University is an equal salary: Geologist III, $30,257. Geologist IV, $35,061. Merit 0420; Phone: 540-231-6894; fax: 540-231-3386; E-mail: opportunity/affirmative action employer. system with benefits. Send resume and employment [email protected]. For detailed information about the Depart- application request to: Ms. Jeanne Gary, Administrative ment, applicants are encouraged to visit the Department's HARVARD UNIVERSITY Officer, Maryland Geological Survey, 2300 St. Paul Street, Home Page at http://www.geol.vt.edu/. DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCES Baltimore, MD 21218. Deadline for applications is Virginia Tech is an equal opportunity/affirmative action NEAR-SURFACE PROCESSES September 15, 1998. The state of Maryland is an Equal employer. The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Har- Opportunity Employer. vard University seeks to fill a faculty position at the assis- HARVARD UNIVERSITY tant or untenured associate professor level in the geology, MINERALOGY/PETROLOGY DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCES geophysics and/or geochemistry of near-surface pro- DENISON UNIVERSITY JUNIOR FACULTY POSITION (REVISED 8/98) cesses. Areas of interest include, but are not limited to, The Department of Geology and Geography invites appli- The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Har- sedimentary geology, tectonic geomorphology, neotecton- cations for a tenure-track appointment at the Assistant vard University seeks to fill a faculty position at the assis- ics, volcanology, glaciology, geobiology, and isotope Professor level, to begin in the Fall semester of 1999; a tant or untenured associate professor level. We are inter- geochronology. The successful candidate will be expected Ph.D. is required. Primary teaching responsibilities include ested in candidates who investigate the processes and to develop a strong research program and to teach at the mineralogy, petrology, and introductory physical geology. evolution of the Earth and planets through studies of the undergraduate and graduate levels. Applicants should Other subjects which would complement our program physical and chemical properties of rocks, minerals, and send a statement of research and teaching interests, cur- include economic geology and geochemistry. Our depart- melts. The incumbent will be expected to develop a strong riculum vitae, and the names of three referees to: Prof. ment stresses a balance of classroom, field, and labora- research program and to teach at the undergraduate and Paul F. Hoffman, Chair, Near-Surface Processes Search tory experiences for our majors, and we seek a colleague graduate levels. Applicants should send a statement of Committee, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, who will contribute to and collaborate with us on all these research and teaching interests, curriculum vitae and the Harvard University, 20 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138 components of undergraduate geoscience education. names of three referees to Prof. Roberta Rudnick, Chair, (617-495-3636). Deadline for applications is September Denison is a selective liberal arts college strongly commit- Petrology Search Committee, Department of Earth and 15, 1998. Harvard University is an Affirmative ted to and supportive of excellence in teaching and active Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, 20 Oxford Street, Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. We particularly faculty research which involves undergraduate students. Cambridge, MA 02138. Applications should be received enclurage applications from women and minorities. For Candidates should submit a letter of application, by September 15, 1998. Harvard University is an Affirma- more information about the Department, visit our web site including a discussion of their approach to teaching and tive Action/Equal Opportunity Employer. We particularly at: www.eps.harvard.edu. research in a liberal arts setting, along with a vitae, aca- encourage applications from women and minorities. For demic transcripts and the names, addresses, e-mail and more information about the department you may visit our phone numbers of three or four references - Tod A. Frolk- web site at: www.eps.harvard.edu.

30 GSA TODAY, August 1998 NRC To Study

ing, Chair, Department of Geology and Geography, Deni- OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND Basic Research son Universty, Granville, OH 43023; (740) 587-6217; frolk- MINERAL INDUSTRIES [email protected]. Application materials must arrive by The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Indus- Opportunities in December 1, 1998 for full consideration, interviews will be tries is recruiting for an experienced field geologist in held on campus in late January. Early applications are Baker City, Oregon. The position will involve geologic Earth Sciences at NSF strongly encouraged as we hope to meet with candidates mapping/investigations statewide. Applicants with a broad at the GSA meeting in Toronto. Denison is an affirmative range of expertise will be favored. This position has a action/equal opportunity employer. salary range of $2765 to $3865 per month. At the request of the Earth Sciences Divi- The position’s chief duty will be to develop peer- sion of the National Science Foundation ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIP AND reviewed geologic maps and geologic hazard and mineral CHAIR OF GEOLOGY resource reports for publication. Position will be responsi- (NSF), the National Research Council COLBY COLLEGE ble for preparation of some grant and contract proposals. (NRC) is conducting a study that will COLBY COLLEGE seeks a dynamic individual to join the Applicants should be familiar with digital methods for evaluate opportunities for basic research Department of Geology as the first endowed associate or preparing geologic maps and 3-dimensional geologic full professor in the Department, beginning September 1, framework models. Candidates should also be well versed in the solid-earth sciences at the National 1999. The successful candidate will also serve as chair of in Cenozoic continental volcanic provinces and Quater- Science Foundation. The study, which is the department for a 3- or 6-year term. nary surficial deposits. expected to be completed in late 1999, Applicants for this position should be established sci- Successful applicant will need to be able to work with entists with a reputation for excellence in both teaching the public in individual and group settings and be able to will form the basis of a new long-range and research. Areas of expertise are open, but should explain complex geologic concepts to non-technical peo- plan for NSF’s Earth Sciences Division. It complement the strengths of the two existing and continu- ple. Position will involve some technical presentations. will be written by a committee operating ing department members in mineralogy/ petrology and Applicants must be registered or capable of being regis- economic geology and in Quaternary geology and paleoe- tered as a professional geologist in Oregon. Master’s under the auspices of the NRC Board on cology. Applicants with primary expertise in paleontology, degree in geology or related geoscience field with 2 years Earth Sciences and Resources. sedimentology/stratigraphy, structural geology, or hydro- experience or relevant coursework/experience required. geology/environmental geology are particularly encour- Resumes and references to be mailed to Oregon Depart- The committee will (1) identify priority aged to apply; expertise in two or more of these fields will ment of Geology and Mineral Industries, 1831 First Street, research opportunities in the solid-earth strengthen an application. The department plans to launch Baker City, OR 97814 (541-523-3133, fax 541-523-5992). sciences as they relate to the responsibili- a search for the fourth tenure-track slot in autumn, 1998, Application forms and job announcements will be mailed to under the leadership of the new chair. applicants. Applications must be submitted by October 15, ties of the Earth Sciences Division; (2) Colby College is a highly selective, nationally ranked 1998. consider the role of the NSF in the con- private, residential, undergraduate, liberal arts institution The Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral text of related activities being conducted with an enrollment of approximately 1750 full-time stu- Industries is an equal opportunity employer. The Depart- dents, of whom some 35 are declared majors within the ment is responsible for ensuring that accurate geologic or sponsored by other government agen- Department of Geology. The College is located within the and geological hazard and resource data is made avail- cies, industry, and international partners; Maine Slate Belt of the northern Appalachians; Paleozoic able to the public in a timely manner. and (3) explore linkages between sediemnts, metasediments and intrusives dominate the geologic record of the state, with a surficial blanket of late ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF research and societal needs. In order to Quaternary glacigenic and postglacial sediments. STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY / ACTIVE TECTONICS meet this charge, efforts will be made to All Colby faculty are expected to maintain active Responsibilities will include advising M.S. and undergrad- obtain input from members of the scien- research programs and the successful candidate must be uate research, academic-year teching of the sophomore- able to direct research appropriate for undergraduates; level core introductory field geology course, structural tific community. For example, the NRC the Department currently requires all majors to undertake geology and other courses of the candidate’s choosing. and the NSF will cosponsor sessions at and complete independent research as part of their To approach structural problems using both field and ana- several major scientific conferences, course of study. lytical methods and to bridge current departmental inter- To apply, please send letter of intent and complete CV, ests in crustal studies/petrology and surface processes. including the GSA 1998 Annual Meeting including the names of at least three persons whom the Ph.D. required. specific expertise could include: quantita- in Toronto. search committee may contact as references on teaching tive analysis, geophysics and geochronology. Individual and research; candidates will be contacted prior to writing dedicated to integrating high quality research and teach- For more information about this NRC to referees. Address applications to: Chair of Search ing at the undergraduate and Master’s levels. Apply by activity, contact Anthony R. de Souza, Committee, Dept. of Geology, Colby College, 5800 December 15, 1998 with CV and names of 3 references Mayflower Hill, Waterville, Maine 04901-8858. The Com- to: Chair, Search Committee, Department of Geology, (202) 334-2744, [email protected]). mittee will begin evaluating applicants on 1 October, 1998, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405. and continue until the position has been filled. Colby College is an AA/EO employer and especially LOW-TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY encourages applications from women and minorities. For HARVARD UNIVERSITY nary stratigraphy and sedimentation, paleoclimatology, more information on the College and Department, please DEPARTMENT OF EARTH & PLANETARY SCIENCES and/or tectonic geomorphology (we are most interested in visit our Web site at http://www.colby.edu. Additional infor- The Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Har- a person expert in non-glacial Quaternary geology); and mation pertaining specifically to this position may be found vard University seeks to fill a faculty position in the gen- (4) Strong quantitative and computer skills with a field- at http://www.colby.edu/geology/vacancy.html. eral area of low-temperature geochemistry. The appoint- based research emphasis. ment will be made at the assistant or untenured Teaching responsibilities will include physical geology, GEOMORPHOLOGIST -- DARTMOUTH COLLEGE associated professor level. Candidates from all fields of field geology, and courses in the applicant’s area of exper- The Department of Earth Sciences at Dartmouth College low-temperature geochemistry are encouraged to apply: tise. The ability to teach remote sensing/GIS, oceanogra- invites applications for an entry level, tenure-track position areas of interest include, but are not limited to, biogeo- phy, or meteorology is a plus. Before applying, see the full at the rank of assistant professor in geomorphology. chemistry, geochronology (particularly of surficial and sed- text of this announcement at http://geology.fullerton. Fields of particular interest include, but are not limited to, imentary processes), continental weathering and conti- edu/geology/. landscape/climate interaction, tectonic geomorphology, nent-ocean exchanges, and applications of cosmogenic To apply, please send the following: (1) A detailed cur- and geologic hazards. The successful candidate will be isotopes to surficial processes. The successful candidate riculum vitae; (2) A letter telling us about yourself and expected to demonstrate excellence in both teaching and will be expected to develop a strong research program detailing how you meet the qualifications outlined above; research, develop a vigorous externally funded research and to teach at the undergraduate and graduate levels. (3) A statement about teaching that includes a discussion program, and advise student research at the BA, MS, and Applicants should send a statement of research and of relevant course work and/or experience in preparation Ph.D. levels. A strong field component of research is teaching interests, curriculum vitae, and the names of for teaching, a list of courses you would feel comfortable essential. three referees to: Geochemistry Search Committee, teaching, and a statement of your teaching philosophy; Send curriculum vitae, list of publications, description Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard (4) A statement of your future research plans and goals; of teaching and research interests and objectives, and the University, 20 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138. and (5) The names, addresses, phone numbers, and e- names, addresses (including street address), e-mail Applications should be received by September 15, 1998. mail addresses of at least three references familiar with addresses and fax/phone numbers of at least three refer- Harvard University is an Affirmative Action / Equal Oppor- your teaching and research potential. ences to: Search Committee, Department of Earth Sci- tunity Employer. We particularly encourage applications Send application to: Dr. Brady Rhodes, Chair, Search ences, Dartmouth College, 6105 Fairchild Hall, Hanover, from women and minorities. For more information about Committee, Dept. of Geological Sci., CSUF, P.O. Box NH 03755. E-mail: earth.sciences@ dartmouth.edu; web the department, you may visit our web site at: www. 6850, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850. Applications will be pages: http://www.dartmouth. edu/~earthsci. eps.harvard.edu. accepted until November 15, 1998. We will interview Applications will be accepted until October 15, 1998. applicants at the GSA Meeting in Toronto, October 26Ð29, The appointment will be effective July 1, 1999. QUATERNARY GEOLOGIST 1998. Dartmouth College is an equal opportunity/affirmative The Department of Geological Sciences at California CSU, Fullerton is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportu- action employer. Women and minorities are encouraged State University, Fullerton, invites applications for a nity Employer. All personnel policies conform to the to apply. tenure-track position starting August 1999. Applicants requirements of Executive Order 11246, the Americans should have the following credentials and capabilities: (1) with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, Title IX of the Higher A Ph.D. in geology; (2) An interest in achieving excellence Education Amendments of 1972 and other federal regula- in teaching; (3) Expertise in: surficial processes, Quater- tions regarding nondiscrimination.

GSA TODAY, August 1998 31 Preregistration Due September 18 See June GSA Today or Web site for: • Technical Program • Short Courses • Field Trips • Exhibits • Registration • Housing and Travel Technical Program Schedule September GSA Today and the Web FOR INFORMATION: GSA Meetings Department, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, • (303) 447-2020, (800) 472-1988, [email protected], http://www.geosociety.org/meetings/98 1998 ANNUAL MEETING AND EXPOSITION October 26–29, 1998

EDITED BY Charles W. Welby and Monica E. Gowan, 1998 The 13 papers in this volume illustrate issues and opportunities confronting geologists as they bring their knowledge and understanding to bear in matters related to public health and welfare. Public decisions and decision-making processes in the face of geologic complexity and uncertainty are the subject of the first group of papers. In the second group, several "voice of warning" papers illustrate the use of geologic knowledge and research to warn the public of health hazards derived from geologic materials and processes.A third group of papers, in the "voice of reason" section, describes use of geologic knowledge to help lower the costs of Tmitigation and avoidance of geologic hazards. Finally, ethical and philosophical questions sometimes confronting geoscientists are discussed in a fourth group of papers, which address issues of "truth" as related to the legal process and questions about the adequacy of information in making decisions about long-term radioactive waste disposal. REG012, 192 p., indexed, ISBN 0-8137-4112-2, $64.00, Member price $51.20 Volumes are 8-1/2" x 11", hardbound. 1-800-472-1988 www.geosociety.org Prices include shipping and handling. 303-447-2020 fax 303-447-1133 GSA Publication Sales, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301