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2 Colonization of Indian from Trade to Territory Growth of British Influence History Class VIII Lesson -2 Colonization of Indian from Trade to Territory Anglo-French Rivalry:- 1. 18th century, English and French trade interests clashed that resulted in the three Anglo-French wars. These are referred to as the Carnatic Wars (1744-1763). 2. Present State of Tamil Nadu. The Battle of Plessey (1757):- Clive conspired with Mir Jafar (commander in chief), Jagat Seth (richest banker) and Omichand(a rich merchant) to overthrow Siraj-ud-daulah. On 23 June 1757, the armies of Siraj-ud-daulah and English east india company met at plassey. Siraj-ud-daulah was killed and Mir Jafar was made the nawab of Bengal. The battle of buxar (1764):- 1. Mir Qasim fled to Awadh and entered into an alliance with the Nawab of awadh, siraj-ud-daulah, and the Mughal Emperor, shah alam II their combined forces fought with the british army at Buxar on 22 October 1764. 2. With this victory, the company became the real master of Bengal. Growth of British Influence:- Mysore:- 1. Mysore emerged as a powerful state under the outstanding leadership of Haider Ali (1761-1782) and his son Tipu sultan (1782-1799). 2. Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. Tipu Sultan died, in 1799, defending his capital Seringapatam. Marathas:- 1. The First Anglo- Maratha War (1775-1782) 2. The second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805) 3. The third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1819) 1 |Page History Class VIII British Expansion under Lord Wellesley (1798-1805) Subsidiary Alliance 1. Disband his own army and maintain British troops permanently at their cost or cede some territory in lieu of it. 2. Accept a British officer called the resident who would be stationed at the ruler’s court. 3. Expel all other foreigners from the territory. 4. Consult the British before negotiating with any other Indian state. British expansion under Lord Dalhousie (1848-56) Doctrine of Lapse:- 1. A dependent state would pass into British hands, if the ruler died without a natural male heir. It did not recognize the right of adopted children to inherit the throne. Administrative Structure:- 1. Civil services- started by Lord Cornwallis were meant to manage the Indian territories. 2. Judiciary- prior to the advent of the British, the justice system of India was based on local customs and traditions. 3. Army- The British required a large army to defend its trade, expand and defend its territories as well as put down internal rebellion. 2 |Page History Class VIII Lesson -3 Ruling the Rural Areas Land Revenue policy till 1793:- 1. Warren Hastings introduced Ijaradari system in 1772 to improve the situation. Permanent Settlement (1793). 1. In 1793, Lord Cornwallis introduced the permanent settlement. Ryotwari System (1820):- 1. This system of revenue collection was introduced in Bombay and madras presidencies. Mahalwari System (1822):- 1. The mahalwari system was introduced in Punjab, parts of Uttar Pradesh and central India. System of Indigo Production:- 1. In the ryot System, the planters entered into an agreement with the ryots. 2. Nij was another system of indigo cultivation in which the planters bought or rented land to grow indigo. Indigo Rebellion:- 1. Started by the peasant of Bengal. 2. Supported by local Zamindar’s & Educated Indians, also Gomastas. 3. Further the movement was supported by Mahatama Gandhi in Champaran at Bihar. 4. Hence the cultivation of Indigo continued. 5. Still the Synthetic colour was introduced. 3 |Page .
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