DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ecological Footprints of Tiny Home Downsizers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ecological Footprints of Tiny Home Downsizers The Ecological Footprints of Tiny Home Downsizers: An Exploratory Study Maria W. Saxton Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Environmental Design and Planning Annie R. Pearce, Committee Chair Frederick E. Paige John G. Wells Kevin W. Jones March 25, 2019 Blacksburg, Virginia Keywords: Tiny Homes, Sustainable Housing, Ecological Footprints, Environmental Behaviors, Mixed Methods © 2019 Maria W. Saxton The Ecological Footprints of Tiny Home Downsizers: An Exploratory Study Maria W. Saxton ABSTRACT With our country’s unsustainable building practices in the residential sector, there is a need to explore new types of housing to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of current building customs. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in tiny homes characterized as livable dwelling units typically under 400 square feet. However, there is a gap in scholarly knowledge that formally examines how the environmental impact and behaviors of tiny home occupants change after downsizing from a larger home. The purpose of this study was to provide measurable evidence to explore the relationship between downsizing to a tiny home and the corresponding environmental impact. This study, which employed an exploratory sequential mixed design approach, was conducted to measure the ecological footprints of tiny home downsizers. Eighty individuals who have lived in their tiny homes for at least a year volunteered to take an online survey used to calculate their ecological footprints in prior larger homes and current tiny homes. Following the survey, nine interviews were conducted to create an inventory of noteworthy behaviors in each participant’s lifestyles that potentially influence ecological footprint changes. Data collected from the survey and interviews were analyzed separately and then comparatively to explore relationships between tiny home living and environmental impacts. This study found that among 80 tiny home downsizers located across the United States, the average ecological footprint was 3.9 global hectares (gha). This footprint was substantially less than the average previous ecological footprint of 7.0 gha and the national average of 8.4 gha. All five footprint components were positively influenced, showing that downsizing can influence many parts of one’s lifestyle. Over 100 behaviors were identified that could contribute to ecological footprint changes. The overall insights derived from this study indicate that positive environmental impact behaviors outweigh negative ones by approximately six to one when downsizing to a tiny home. In addition, 100% of participants demonstrated an overall positive ecological footprint. The findings and conclusions of this study provide important insights for the sustainable housing industry that can inform policy and practice, with implications for future research in the sustainable residential field. The Ecological Footprints of Tiny Home Downsizers: An Exploratory Study Maria W. Saxton GENERAL AUDIENCE ABSTRACT With our country’s unsustainable building practices in the residential sector, there is a need to explore new types of housing to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of current building customs. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in tiny homes characterized as livable dwelling units typically under 400 square feet. However, there is a gap in knowledge to understand how the environmental impact and behaviors of tiny home occupants change after downsizing from a larger home. The purpose of this study was to see whether there is a relationship between downsizing to a tiny home and a changing environmental impact. This study measured the ecological footprints of tiny home downsizers. Eighty individuals who have lived in their tiny homes for at least a year volunteered to take an online survey used to calculate their ecological footprints in prior larger homes and current tiny homes. Following the survey, nine interviews were conducted to identify noteworthy behaviors in each participant’s lifestyles that potentially influence ecological footprint changes. Findings were analyzed and compared to explore relationships between tiny home living and environmental impacts. This study found that among 80 tiny home downsizers located across the United States, the average ecological footprint was 3.9 global hectares (gha). This footprint was substantially less than the average previous ecological footprint of 7.0 gha and the national average of 8.4 gha. All five footprint components were positively influenced, showing that downsizing can influence many parts of one’s lifestyle. Over 100 behaviors were identified that could contribute to ecological footprint changes. This study indicates that positive environmental impact behaviors outweigh negative ones by approximately six to one when downsizing to a tiny home. In addition, 100% of participants demonstrated an overall positive ecological footprint. The findings and conclusions of this study provide important insights for the sustainable housing industry that can inform policy and practice, with implications for future research in the sustainable residential field. Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to Rachel Saxton, whose strength and resilience was a constant inspiration throughout this process. iv Acknowledgements My sincerest appreciation goes to Dr. Annie Pearce, my advisor, for her outstanding support throughout my undergraduate and graduate years at Virginia Tech. I will be forever grateful that you took a chance on a lone undergraduate. Thank you for your enduring support and mentorship for the past six years. Many thanks to my wonderful committee members; your collective guidance and varying perspectives made it possible to complete this dissertation. Dr. Freddy Paige, you have been my biggest supporter and advocate. Thank you for your encouragement and direction. Dr. John Wells, you pushed me to do my absolute best and helped me set a high standard for myself. Thank you for sharing your wisdom and experience to help me become a stronger researcher. Kevin Jones, you helped to keep me grounded and remember my roots in design. Thank you for your insights and for being willing to advise from afar in my last semester. I am also grateful to the Myers-Lawson School of Construction, the BioBuild interdisciplinary fellowship program at Virginia Tech, and the Global Forum on Urban and Regional Resilience initiative for the financial support and opportunities. I am also very appreciative of friends in the Sustainable Facilities and Infrastructure Lab at Virginia Tech who were always there to offer support and encouragement. One of the greatest fortunes in life is being part of a fantastic and devoted family. To my incredible parents, May and Mike Saxton, thank you for always believing in me and supporting me no matter what. You’ve always taught us that hard work and dedication will pay off. To my siblings-- my sister Sarah, my brothers Michael and Tommy, brother-in-law Mike, sister-in-law Shabiba, and soon-to-be sister-in-law Amber-- thank you all for your unwavering support and encouragement. I am lucky to have such a strong support network. To the other doctors in my v family, Dr. Dorinda Grasty and Dr. Tyler Cabell Dickinson, thank you for your invaluable advice throughout this process. I also owe many thanks to friends and extended family-- thank you for constantly checking in. Last but not least, thank you to my best friend and partner, Peter Hynson. Thank you for being there every step of the way and motivating me to do my best. I could not have done this without you. Thank you all. vi Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 General Background ................................................................................................................... 1 Rationale for the Study ............................................................................................................... 5 Research Problem & Purpose of the Study ............................................................................... 10 Research Questions ................................................................................................................... 12 Research Scope ......................................................................................................................... 13 Delimitations ......................................................................................................................... 13 Limitations ............................................................................................................................ 14 Summary and Structure of the Study ........................................................................................ 16 Dissertation Organization...................................................................................................... 16 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 18 General Review of the Broad Field .......................................................................................... 18 Tiny Homes ........................................................................................................................... 18 Overview of Tiny Homes .................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tracing Fairy Tales in Popular Culture Through the Depiction of Maternity in Three “Snow White” Variants
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses College of Arts & Sciences 5-2014 Reflective tales : tracing fairy tales in popular culture through the depiction of maternity in three “Snow White” variants. Alexandra O'Keefe University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/honors Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons, and the Comparative Literature Commons Recommended Citation O'Keefe, Alexandra, "Reflective tales : tracing fairy tales in popular culture through the depiction of maternity in three “Snow White” variants." (2014). College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses. Paper 62. http://doi.org/10.18297/honors/62 This Senior Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Arts & Sciences Senior Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. O’Keefe 1 Reflective Tales: Tracing Fairy Tales in Popular Culture through the Depiction of Maternity in Three “Snow White” Variants By Alexandra O’Keefe Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Graduation summa cum laude University of Louisville March, 2014 O’Keefe 2 The ability to adapt to the culture they occupy as well as the two-dimensionality of literary fairy tales allows them to relate to readers on a more meaningful level.
    [Show full text]
  • TINY EXPLORERS Classroom Information
    Camp Hill TINY EXPLORERS Classroom Information www.TenderYearsPA.com • www.facebook.com/TenderYearsPA Welcome to Tiny Explorers! Dear Parent, Welcome to the Tiny Explorers room! My name is Phyllis Stanley, and I’ll be one of your child’s teachers. In our classroom, your child will be learning to become more independent and advocate for their needs. This includes self- feeding, using our voice, and working on social skills like sharing! In addition, we help to develop your child’s gross motor skills, so they are steadier on those tiny feet both indoors and outdoors. We also enjoy exploring art through different mediums and textures for a fun sensory experience. We work hard to make sure that your child is ready to move onto the Young Toddler Rooms! I joined the Tender Years family in December 2011! I have been working in childcare since 1991 and have always worked in an Infant/Toddler position. I love teaching this age group because of the kids’ eagerness to learn! Being able to help aid in a child’s learning and development is the most rewarding experience for me. I am thrilled to help your child grow and develop at a pace that is right for them! My goal is to provide a loving environment where your child will learn and grow! I look forward to getting to know you and your child. Please feel free to contact me with any questions or concerns you may have while your child is enrolled in my classroom. Sincerely, Phyllis Stanley Tender Years, Inc. Child Development Centers www.TenderYearsPA.com Corporate Office & Camp Hill Center 717-761-7113 • Hershey Center 717-533-1466 • Mechanicsburg Center 717-590-7050 Welcome to Tiny Explorers! Dear Parent, Welcome to the Tiny Explorers room! My name is Natalie McHale, and I’ll be one of your child’s teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • THE COLLECTED POEMS of HENRIK IBSEN Translated by John Northam
    1 THE COLLECTED POEMS OF HENRIK IBSEN Translated by John Northam 2 PREFACE With the exception of a relatively small number of pieces, Ibsen’s copious output as a poet has been little regarded, even in Norway. The English-reading public has been denied access to the whole corpus. That is regrettable, because in it can be traced interesting developments, in style, material and ideas related to the later prose works, and there are several poems, witty, moving, thought provoking, that are attractive in their own right. The earliest poems, written in Grimstad, where Ibsen worked as an assistant to the local apothecary, are what one would expect of a novice. Resignation, Doubt and Hope, Moonlight Voyage on the Sea are, as their titles suggest, exercises in the conventional, introverted melancholy of the unrecognised young poet. Moonlight Mood, To the Star express a yearning for the typically ethereal, unattainable beloved. In The Giant Oak and To Hungary Ibsen exhorts Norway and Hungary to resist the actual and immediate threat of Prussian aggression, but does so in the entirely conventional imagery of the heroic Viking past. From early on, however, signs begin to appear of a more personal and immediate engagement with real life. There is, for instance, a telling juxtaposition of two poems, each of them inspired by a female visitation. It is Over is undeviatingly an exercise in romantic glamour: the poet, wandering by moonlight mid the ruins of a great palace, is visited by the wraith of the noble lady once its occupant; whereupon the ruins are restored to their old splendour.
    [Show full text]
  • Beachcombers Field Guide
    Beachcombers Field Guide The Beachcombers Field Guide has been made possible through funding from Coastwest and the Western Australian Planning Commission, and the Department of Fisheries, Government of Western Australia. The project would not have been possible without our community partners – Friends of Marmion Marine Park and Padbury Senior High School. Special thanks to Sue Morrison, Jane Fromont, Andrew Hosie and Shirley Slack- Smith from the Western Australian Museum and John Huisman for editing the fi eld guide. FRIENDS OF Acknowledgements The Beachcombers Field Guide is an easy to use identifi cation tool that describes some of the more common items you may fi nd while beachcombing. For easy reference, items are split into four simple groups: • Chordates (mainly vertebrates – animals with a backbone); • Invertebrates (animals without a backbone); • Seagrasses and algae; and • Unusual fi nds! Chordates and invertebrates are then split into their relevant phylum and class. PhylaPerth include:Beachcomber Field Guide • Chordata (e.g. fi sh) • Porifera (sponges) • Bryozoa (e.g. lace corals) • Mollusca (e.g. snails) • Cnidaria (e.g. sea jellies) • Arthropoda (e.g. crabs) • Annelida (e.g. tube worms) • Echinodermata (e.g. sea stars) Beachcombing Basics • Wear sun protective clothing, including a hat and sunscreen. • Take a bottle of water – it can get hot out in the sun! • Take a hand lens or magnifying glass for closer inspection. • Be careful when picking items up – you never know what could be hiding inside, or what might sting you! • Help the environment and take any rubbish safely home with you – recycle or place it in the bin. Perth• Take Beachcomber your camera Fieldto help Guide you to capture memories of your fi nds.
    [Show full text]
  • New Neverland
    Sarah Lawrence College DigitalCommons@SarahLawrence Writing Theses Writing Graduate Program 5-2020 New Neverland Rowan Lopez Forkey Sarah Lawrence College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.slc.edu/writing_etd Part of the Fiction Commons Recommended Citation Forkey, Rowan Lopez, "New Neverland" (2020). Writing Theses. 305. https://digitalcommons.slc.edu/writing_etd/305 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Writing Graduate Program at DigitalCommons@SarahLawrence. It has been accepted for inclusion in Writing Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@SarahLawrence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NEW NEVERLAND Rowan Lopez Forkey May 2020 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Fine Arts in Fiction Writing Sarah Lawrence College 2 This is a linked short story collection exploring the themes and characters of J.M. Barrie’s Peter Pan. The setting is modern day London, wherein the Lost Boys are a gang of teenage orphans, led by Peter Pan. Their rival gang is the Pirates, comprised largely of older, adult men. Peter meets Wendy, a studious middle class girl from a happy family, and starts spending much of his time with her, to the chagrin of his best friend Tink, who is wealthy but has few friends outside of Peter. This portion of the thesis ends with a Greek chorus-style musing from the mermaids. Each story treads the same general plot points, each taking on new meaning of the story (and the other characters involved) through different unique viewpoints. Following the Peter Pan stories are two other selected short stories: one about two male hustlers trying to survive in Portland, Oregon and another about the first son of the United States as he comes to terms with various relationships in his life.
    [Show full text]
  • Peter Pan [Peter and Wendy]
    PETER PAN [PETER AND WENDY] By J. M. Barrie [James Matthew Barrie] A Millennium Fulcrum Edition (c)1991 by Duncan Research Produced by David Widger Table of Contents Chapter 1 PETER BREAKS THROUGH 2 Chapter 2 THE SHADOW 8 Chapter 3 COME AWAY, COME AWAY! 16 Chapter 4 THE FLIGHT 28 "Second to the rIght, and straight on tIll morning." 28 Chapter 5 THE ISLAND COME TRUE 36 Chapter 6 THE LITTLE HOUSE 44 Chapter 7 THE HOME UNDER THE GROUND 52 Chapter 8 THE MERMAIDS' LAGOON 56 Chapter 9 THE NEVER BIRD 67 Chapter 10 THE HAPPY HOME 70 Chapter 11 WENDY'S STORY 76 Chapter 12 THE CHILDREN ARE CARRIED OFF 84 Chapter 13 DO YOU BELIEVE IN FAIRIES? 87 Chapter 14 THE PIRATE SHIP 94 Chapter 15 "HOOK OR ME THIS TIME" 100 Chapter 16 THE RETURN HOME 108 Chapter 17 WHEN WENDY GREW UP 115 Source URL: http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16/16-h/16-h.htm Saylor URL: http://www.saylor.org/courses/k12ela006/#2.1.2 www.saylor.org This work is in the public domain. Page 1 of 124 Chapter 1 PETER BREAKS THROUGH All children, except one, grow up. They soon know that they will grow up, and the way Wendy knew was this. One day when she was two years old she was playing in a garden, and she plucked another flower and ran with it to her mother. I suppose she must have looked rather delightful, for Mrs. Darling put her hand to her heart and cried, "Oh, why can't you remain like this for ever!" This was all that passed between them on the subject, but henceforth Wendy knew that she must grow up.
    [Show full text]
  • The Souls of Black Folk
    The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. Du Bois Herein Is Written 1 The Journal of Pan African Studies, 2009 eBook Chapter The Forethought I. Of Our Spiritual Strivings II. Of the Dawn of Freedom III. Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others IV. Of the Meaning of Progress V. Of the Wings of Atlanta VI. Of the Training of Black Men VII. Of the Black Belt VIII. Of the Quest of the Golden Fleece IX. Of the Sons of Master and Man X. Of the Faith of the Fathers XI. Of the Passing of the First-Born XII. Of Alexander Crummell XIII. Of the Coming of John XIV. Of the Sorrow Songs The Afterthought Selected Bibliography 2 The Journal of Pan African Studies, 2009 eBook To Burghardt and Yolande The Lost and the Found 3 The Journal of Pan African Studies, 2009 eBook The Forethought Herein lie buried many things which if read with patience may show the strange meaning of being black here at the dawning of the Twentieth Century. This meaning is not without interest to you, Gentle Reader; for the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line. I pray you, then, receive my little book in all charity, studying my words with me, forgiving mistake and foible for sake of the faith and passion that is in me, and seeking the grain of truth hidden there. I have sought here to sketch, in vague, uncertain outline, the spiritual world in which ten thousand Americans live and strive. First, in two chapters I have tried to show what Emancipation meant to them, and what was its aftermath.
    [Show full text]
  • TINY HOME, BIG LIFE Hill Country Family Builds Tiny, Lives Large
    SM MARCH/APRIL 2019 CONNECTION TINY HOME, BIG LIFE Hill Country family builds tiny, lives large LETTUCE HELP YOU Healthy eating inspires Mikey’s Garden O-LIVE A LITTLE Uncork the secrets of olive oil’s popularity INDUSTRY NEWS Rural Connections BY SHIRLEY BLOOMFIELD, CEO NTCA–The Rural Broadband Association Broadband and rural health care This magazine brings you stories of businesses operating across the broadband network your telco is building. You read of people who are working from home or getting an online degree thanks to their Patients to have more access to connection. Stories like these are end- less throughout your area, and across the telehealth services in 2020 under rural landscape served by the members of NTCA. proposed Medicare Advantage changes In this issue there is a focus on a particu- BY STEPHEN V. SMITH larly powerful use of broadband — health care. Better health leads to stronger fami- The elderly and disabled who participate in Medicare Advantage programs could lies and happier, more productive com- see more opportunities for telehealth services next year. munities. With a reliable internet connec- The proposed changes, announced in October, would remove barriers and allow tion and technology such as smartphones, Medicare Advantage plans to offer additional telehealth benefits starting in plan tablets and monitoring devices, people of year 2020, according to a press release from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid all ages have the tools to improve their Services (CMS). health, access physicians, age in place, Seema Verma, administrator of the CMS, says these changes “give Medicare and live better lives.
    [Show full text]
  • GRADE 3 Module 3A Unit 2 Student Workbook
    New York State Common Core English Language Arts Curriculum GRADE 3 Module 3A Unit 2 Student Workbook Peter Pan Quote Introducing Neverland (from pages 5-6 of the Classic Starts edition) What is Neverland? you ask. It is the magical island in the middle of every child’s mind. It is a place children go mainly in their imaginations, unless of course they have an invitation and very special guide. Every child’s Neverland is slightly different. Some are in color and others are in black and white. Some have ragged coral reefs with tiny smashed-up boats, lonely caves, and tiny huts on the beach. Others have hunch back little old ladies, turtles laying eggs, or gnomes who like to sew. Others still have scary first days at school, trying not to laugh at church, pop quizzes on grammar that you haven’t studied for, money from the tooth fairy, and chocolate pudding. There are no rules to what one’s Neverland should be. John’s Neverland had a lagoon with flamingoes flying over it, while Michael, who tried to be like his older brother, had a flamingo with lagoons flying over it. Wendy, meanwhile, had a pet wolf and a boat. The island doesn’t appear on any map, because it never stands still. If you can find it, Neverland is a very fun place to visit when it is sunny. But in two minutes before children go to bed, it becomes scary and full of shadows. 1 Images of Neverland Illustration from "Peter and Wendy" by James Matthew Barrie, Published 1911 by C.
    [Show full text]
  • Cricket Analytics
    Cricket Analytics by Gamage Harsha Perera M.Sc., Simon Fraser University, Canada, 2011 B.Sc.(Hons.), University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 2008 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science Faculty of Science c Gamage Harsha Perera 2015 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2015 All rights reserved. However, in accordance with the Copyright Act of Canada, this work may be reproduced without authorization under the conditions for “Fair Dealing.” Therefore, limited reproduction of this work for the purposes of private study, research, criticism, review and news reporting is likely to be in accordance with the law, particularly if cited appropriately. Approval Name: Gamage Harsha Perera Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Statistics) Title: Cricket Analytics Examining Committee: Chair: Yi Lu Associate Professor Tim Swartz Senior Supervisor Professor Paramjit Gill Supervisor Associate Professor The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Brian Naicker Internal Examiner Director, CODE David Stephens External Examiner Professor Department of Mathematics and Statistics McGill University Date Defended: 16 December 2015 ii Abstract This thesis consists of a compilation of three research papers and a non-statistical essay. Chapter 2 considers the decision problem of when to declare during the third innings of a test cricket match. There are various factors that affect the decision of the declaring team including the target score, the number of overs remaining, the relative desire to win versus draw, and the scoring characteristics of the particular match. Decision rules are developed and these are assessed against historical matches. We observe that there are discrepancies between the optimal time to declare and what takes place in practice.
    [Show full text]
  • STORYBROOK SETTING Barnsley’S Ruins Rank Among Bennett ‘Coolest Man Who Places to Get Robbed Bank Married’ in US in 2016 To
    SATURDAY June 8, 2019 BARTOW COUNTY’S ONLY DAILY NEWSPAPER 75 cents STORYBROOK SETTING Barnsley’s ruins rank among Bennett ‘Coolest Man who Places to Get robbed bank Married’ in US in 2016 to BY MARIE NESMITH [email protected] spend 10 The Manor House Ruins at Barnsley years in Resort ranked 25th among Green Wed- ding Shoes’ “Top 26 Coolest Places to Get Married in the United States.” prison Situated at 597 Barnsley Gardens Road in Adairsville, the 3,000-acre BY JAMES SWIFT venue centers around a 19th century [email protected] estate and features numerous ameni- ties — such as restaurants, gardens, a A 40-year-old Acworth man boutique spa, golf course, wingshoot- entered a negotiated plea of ing and horseback riding — and its Inn guilty to one count of robbery and Georgian Hall. by intimidation and one count of “It’s amazing to see the Manor House theft by taking in Bartow County Ruins at Barnsley Resort receive this Superior Court Tuesday morn- honor,” said Kathy Heilman, director ing. of weddings for Barnsley Resort. “As Cherokee Judicial Circuit the historic centerpiece of our proper- Judge Suzanne H. Smith sen- ty, we have done our absolute best to tenced Joel Michael Bennett to shed light on what a magical setting 25 years — the fi rst 10 of which it provides wedding parties, and we’re are to be served in confi nement honored to be named among so many and the remainder on probation. other notable wedding venues. Cherokee Judicial Circuit As- “Being on this list is a true testament sistant District Attorney Joshua to how unique and special the ruins Wyatt described how Bennett are.
    [Show full text]
  • A Collection of Readings
    Level 4 A Collection of Readings The Savvy Reader This project was developed at the Success for All Foundation under the direction of Robert E. Slavin and Nancy A. Madden to utilize the power of cooperative learning, frequent assessment and feedback, and schoolwide collaboration proven in decades of research to increase student learning. The Savvy Reader—Summarizing, A Collection of Readings © 2011 Success for All Foundation. All rights reserved. Produced by the Reading Wings 4th Edition Team Director of Development: Nancy A. Madden Assistant Director of Development: Kate Conway Project Manager: Wendy Fitchett Rollout Coordinator: Kate Conway Developers: Kathleen Collins, Allison Dower, Richard Gifford, Angie Hale, Allison Hoge, Susan Magri, Brian Sevier Interactive Whiteboard Developers: Austin Jones, Chris Jones, Tyler Keen, Adrian Mathenia, Becca Slavin Editors: Marti Gastineau, Mary Jane Sackett, Janet Wisner Project Coordinator: Kristal Mallonee-Klier Designers and Production Artists: Dan Birzak, Debra Branner, Michael Hummel, Susan Perkins Media: Tonia Hawkins, Peter Lance, Jane Strausbaugh Proofreaders: Meghan Fay, Samantha Gussow, Betty Wagner Online Tools: Michael Knauer, Victor Matusak, Terri Morrison, Christian Strama, Mary Conway Vaughan Illustrators: James Bravo, Gina Capaldi, Jason Lego, Lyliam Walker Photo Credits: Photos used in the student readings are from the following sources: Burning Well Library of Congress American Memory Morguefile.com NationalAtlas.gov National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Park
    [Show full text]