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Libro V FIRMA.Indb FORO IBEROAMERICANO DE LOS RECURSOS EDITORES MARINOS Y LA Salvador Cárdenas Rojas ACUICULTURA Juan Miguel Mancera Romero Cádiz, España, 26-29 de noviembre de 2012 Manuel Rey Méndez V César Lodeiros Seijo Un mar de recursos ORGANIZAN puente entre las dos orillas Libro de Actas Sociedad Española de Acuicultura MARINOS Y LA ACUICULTURA PATROCINAN V FORO IBEROAMERICANO DE LOS RECURSOS RECURSOS DE LOS IBEROAMERICANO V FORO COLABORAN CÁDIZ 2012 “Promover y fomentar toda especie de industria y remover los obstáculos que la entorpezcan“ ( Art. 131, 21. Constitución de Cádiz de 1812) Libro de Actas Libro www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/firma2012 V Foro Iberoamericano de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura Este libro debe ser citado de la siguiente manera: Todo el libro: Cárdenas S., Mancera J.M., Rey-Méndez M. y Lodeiros C. 2013. V Foro Iberoamericano de los Recursos Marinos y de Acuicultura. 742 pp. Edit. Asociación Cultural Foro dos Recursos Mariños e da Acuicultura das Rías Galegas, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, España. Para un trabajo en especial (ejemplo): Ruiz-Ríos, Leoncio. Estado de la acuicultura dulceacuícola en Perú. V Foro Iberoam. Rec. Mar. Acui. Cárdenas S., Mancera J.M., Rey-Méndez M., Lodeiros C. (eds.): 95-105. Imprenta: Martínez Encuadernaciones, A.G., S.L., Puerto Real, Cádiz, España. Maquetación: Rosa Mª Martín y Belén Rodríguez Depósito Legal: CA 397-2013 ISBN: 978-84-695-9072-0 2 V Foro Iberoamericano de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura PRESENTACIÓN El crecimiento de la población mundial, con una proyección de 8,3 mil millones de personas para el 2030, preocupa altamente por la incapacidad de proveerles alimentos. En este sentido, los sistemas acuáticos de mares y océanos, por ocupar 2/3 de la superfi cie terrestre muestran tener un papel preponderante como suplidores de alimento. No obstante, a pesar que se han aumentado las fl otas y el esfuerzo pesquero, las capturas permanecen es- tancadas desde el año 1995, con una tasa de crecimiento media de solo 1,1% y enfrentan una variedad de restricciones. Por otra parte, la FAO alerta que el 52% de las poblaciones marinas están sobreexplotadas. Iberoamérica en general y España en particular, no escapan de este escenario global, ya que mantienen una elevada tasa de natalidad y el consumo per capita de pescado, como un alimento sano, sigue aumentando; sin embargo, algunos recursos pesqueros muestran signos de sobreexplotación (atún, boquerón, corvina, etc.). Aunado a ello, el cambio climático avanza produciendo desastres e irregularidades en la naturaleza acuática. En vista de lo anteriormente planteado, el V Foro Iberoamericano de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura (V FIRMA Cádiz 2012), engendrado en el 2007 de la mano de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela y la Universidad de Oriente, en el Foro de los Recursos Marinos y de la Acuicultura de las Rías Gallegas, que año a año se celebra en O Grove (Pontevedra, España), permitió iniciar un debate más amplio, integrando a los países iberomericanos, en función de la necesidad inmediata de fi jarse objetivos comunes para atender la preocupación de la creciente degradación de los océanos y de las zonas costeras, promover el manejo sos- tenible de los recursos vivos marinos a través de una pesca razonable, recuperar los bancos naturales y promover la acuicultura. El V FIRMA Cádiz 2012 nos brindó la oportunidad de poder discutir sobre el diag- nóstico y la pertinencia de enfocar estrategias para la pesca y la acuicultura en España e Iberoamérica, donde se establecieron debates de importancia que, sin duda, guiarán una mejor administración pesquera y promoción de la acuicultura. La participación de repre- sentantes de organismos como el IFAPA, UCA, SEA, CSIC, IEO, ICCM, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, cuya afi nidad lingüística y cultural surgida por efecto de la emigra- ción, entre otras situaciones, mantiene fuertes vínculos a lo largo de generaciones con una afi nidad y correspondencia, en particular con las regiones de Andalucía y Galicia en España, y que sin duda dierón frutos para el enfoque y desarrollo común. En fi n, creemos que se cumplirán los objetivos y también que se sembraron semillas cuya fertilidad se comprobará en futuras ediciones en Iberoamérica. Con el impulso e ilusión de 3 todos nos resta la responsabilidad de seguir fertilizando el agua en otros países iberoamerica- nos, con el objetivo fi nal de lograr una producción acuícola ordenada y sostenible, al servicio del desarrollo social. 4 V Foro Iberoamericano de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura COMITÉS Comité de Honor S.A.R EL PRÍNCIPE DE ASTURIAS D. Felipe de Borbón y Grecia MINISTRO DE AGRICULTURA, ALIMENTACIÓN Y MEDIO AMBIENTE Sr. D. Miguel Arias Cañete ALCALDESA DE CÁDIZ Sra. Dña. Teófi la Martínez Sáiz CONSEJERO DE AGRICULTURA, PESCA Y MEDIO AMBIENTE Excmo. Sr. D. Luis Planas Puchades PRESIDENTE DE LA DIPUTACIÓN DE CÁDIZ Ilmo. Sr. D. José Loaiza García RECTOR MAGNÍFICO DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CÁDIZ Sr. D. Eduardo González Mazo RECTORA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ORIENTE DE VENEZUELA Dra. Milena Bravo de Romero PRESIDENTE DEL IFAPA Sr. D. Victor Ortíz Somovilla 5 Comité Organizador PRESIDENTE: D. Salvador Cárdenas Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Junta de Andalucía VICEPRESIDENTE: D. Daniel Beaz Sociedad Española de Acuicultura (SEA) SECRETARIO GENERAL: D. José Luis Muñoz Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) y Sociedad Española de Acuicultura (SEA) SECRETARIA TÉCNICA: Dña. Rosa María Martín Asociación Cultural Foro de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura VOCALES: ˗ Dña. Paloma Carballo Secretaría General de Pesca Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (MAGRAMA) ˗ D. Daniel Acosta Dirección General de Pesca y Acuicultura (CAPMA) Junta de Andalucía ˗ D. Javier Remiro Fundación Observatorio Español de la Acuicultura (FOESA) ˗ D. Eladio Santaella Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) ˗ D. Jacobo Fernández Casal INSUIÑA-Pescanova ˗ D. Juan Miguel Mancera Universidad de Cádiz (UCA) ˗ Dña. Chita Guisado Universidad de Valparaíso (Chile) 6 V Foro Iberoamericano de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura Comité Científico PRESIDENTE: Dr. Juan Miguel Mancera Universidad de Cádiz (UCA) VICEPRESIDENTA: Dra. Catalina Fernández Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Junta de Andalucía COORDINADOR: Dr. César Lodeiros Instituto Oceanográfi co de Venezuela Universidad de Oriente VOCALES: ˗ Dr. Morris Villarroel Sociedad Española de Acuicultura (SEA) ˗ Dr. Ignacio Sobrino Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) ˗ Dr. Manuel Rey-Méndez Asociación Cultural Foro de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura Universidad de Santiago de Compostela ˗ Dr. Javier Ruiz Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía (CSIC) ˗ Dr. Alejandro Guerra Centro de Investigaciones Marinas (CIMA) ˗ Dra. Nieves González Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM) ˗ Prof. Salvador Cárdenas Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Junta de Andalucía 7 V Foro Iberoamericano de los Recursos Marinos y la Acuicultura Índice Páx Cronograma ....................................................................................................................... 17 Programa del FIRMA .......................................................................................................19 Sesión de Recursos Marinos ............................................................................................. 25 Plan de pesca de la navaja (Ensis arcuatus, Jeffreys) Cofradia de Cangas: ejemplo de autorregulación de un recurso sostenible Lorenzo García J.L., Barreiro Rios M.B. ........................................................................ 27 Situación actual de la pesca artesanal del robalo Centropomus undecimalis en el sureste de México Perera-García M.A., Hernández-Gómez R., Huerta-Ortiz M., Mendoza-Carranza M., Contreras-Sánchez W.M. ..................................................................................................37 La ostra perla Pinctada imbricata en Nueva Cádiz de Cubagua: pasado, presente y futuro Lodeiros Seijo C., Prieto A. ............................................................................................... 47 Sesión de Oceanografía ..................................................................................................... 61 La capacidad de carga como criterio en la selección de zonas de interés acuícola Perán A., Gutiérrez J.M., Belmonte A., Aliaga, V. ......................................................... 63 Dinámica de población y metabolismo del ctenóforo Bolinopsis vitrea en la bahía de Cádiz Prieto L., Macías D. .......................................................................................................... 77 Sesión de Acuicultura Americana .................................................................................... 93 Estado de la acuicultura dulceacuícola en Perú Leoncio Ruiz Ríos ............................................................................................................. 95 Potencial Acuícola de Iberoamérica Jover M., Cárdenas S. ......................................................................................................107 Sesión de Acuicultura Europea y Desarrollo Empresarial ............................................ 119 Senda empresarial de la acuicultura marina en el sur de Europa Ojeda J. .............................................................................................................................
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