DOCSLIB.ORG

Buddhism and Science in Thai Society

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Buddhism and Science in Thai Society BUDDHISM AND SCIENCE IN THAI SOCIETY Somparn Promta I Introduction whether science should be judged as a The influence of Buddhism on Thai society materialistic ideology or not. But in the real seems to be obvious. However, the matter of history of science we can say that science the influence is usually considered in terms explores the world of matter and this makes of cultural dimension rather than in terms it reasonably acceptable to say that the of ideology. In this paper Buddhism will be world view of science is materialistic. As a considered as an ideology. The abstraction kind of materialistic ideology, science as expressed through many kinds of cultural provides some basic concepts that determine manifestation such as dancing, literature, the beliefs of science-believers. For fine arts and so on is a thing we call an example, anything that cannot be proved by influence in the cultural dimension. But sense-experience will be considered as when we speak of an influence in the absurdity. However, it could be debated ideological dimension, there is a difference. that, in terms of academic consideration, the Certainly, Buddhism at least in its early image of science as described above can be form could be viewed as ideology in a sense accepted or not. In this paper when we that it has some basic beliefs that determine speak of science, we are speaking of it in the the view on life and the world of the popular sense. That is, we are considering believer. For example, suffering of life and science as it really appears in the eye of the world is one of the basic concepts in public and as it really determines people's Buddhist philosophy. Buddhists, who have view on life and the world. profound wisdom through religious practice, hope to share the view that life and the Science in the modem world plays a notably world in their eyes is suffering in itself for important role not only as the giver of the them. This ideology will determine for them material necessities of life but also as the how to live in the world. guideline of thought. The latter role of science can be found in modem education Science in its early form could be viewed as system. It can be said that the present an ideology like Buddhism. In the realm of generation (even in the future, some people the philosophy of science, it may be argued believe) is groomed, cultivated, and educated within the scientific culture. However, one thing that should be noted ' Lecturer, Department of Philosophy, Faculty of here is that science has not been around for Arts, Chulalongkom University, Bangkok, that long. The age of science could be Thailand. Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 06:17:54AM via free access Buddhism and Science in Thai Society compared to yesterday if we consider the all Buddhism presents human desire as the history of mankind as a year. Furthermore, cause of suffering. To overcome suffering science is not the only wisdom to have been man must overcome his own desire first. created by human beings. We have so much more profound wisdom some of which has Science, on the other hand, is usually had a longer history than science. Religion understood as a pure knowledge without any and philosophy could be considered as ethical value. However, in reality, science examples of other wisdoms created in the contains some ethical value in itself. The world. Buddhism is an old eastern wisdom, following may be identified as the moral while science is western and seems much implication of science. Firstly, the scientific newer. In this paper we will consider the world view is hedonistic in a sense that it conflict between Buddhism and science as promotes the happiness of life. Secondly, to the confrontation between East and West, attain the happiness of life material old and new, and spiritual and material satisfaction 1s needed. This moral culture. No bias is intended even though the implication of science, it could be said, is author of the paper is a Buddhist. the main reason for the invention. of technology. Technology is nothing but an A Naturalist Outlook of Buddhism instrument for humankind to gain the materials required for material happiness. Though Thai Buddhism can be considered Nature provides the eye for us to see the as a system of belief that has unique world but this eye, according to scientific characteristics, it is still Buddhism and as value, is made to consume the optical Buddhism, it may be well to begin to happiness. Technology tries to provide consider Thai Buddhism as such. Buddhism things for that purpose. Technologists are in Thailand is Theravada Buddhism which those whose work is to invent the material is accepted as an early version of Buddhism. tools for sensual delight. Some basic ethical concepts of Buddhism should be referred to here. Firstly, life and Man by nature is created with a number of the world according to the Buddhist built-in elements. We are selfish animals. perspective is suffering both mental and but that selfishness is simply the tendency to physical. Life is suffering in the sense that search for one's own happiness. At this it is oppressed being, and the world is point, we can see that the basic ethical idea suffering in a sense that it is in a changing of science and the inner nature of man seem state in which none can hope for permanent notably to match and this is why science and happiness. Secondly, to see life and the technology play such an important role in world as suffering leads to the ethical the modern world. Jesus once said that it is conclusion that human beings have the very difficult to push the rich up to heaven. moral obli gation to overcome that suffering. The rich in this context are those who are So the ideal religious aim in Buddhism is to bound to the material happiness of this stop suffering in life. In order to stop it one world. Buddhism shares the same view as has to know what is its cause. At this point, Christianity. So it could be said that 89 Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 06:17:54AM via free access MANUSYA: Journal of Humanities 2.2, 1999 Buddhism and science are different both in which .says that everything in the universe their basic metaphysical idea and moral follows the law of nature. The naturalist implications. assumption makes some Buddhists believe that the Buddhist and scientific outlooks are The difference between Buddhism and not contradictory. In the past decades, it has science is of primary importance. When we been said by some Buddhists in Thai society explore the influence of Buddhism and that we can find the scientific nature in science on Thai society we must understand Buddhism. Whether this is true or not, it that we are exploring two contrary seems to indicate something notable. ideologies. However, Buddhism is accepted as a rational religion in the sense that it does Dhammayuttika Movement and not claim a supernatural power over man Scientific Approach to the Study of and contrarily teaches that life and the world Buddhism must follow the law of Dhamma. The law of Dhamma in Buddhist philosophy is Since Buddhism entered Thai society before identified as : (a) impersonal comparing science, it played the role of first-comer and with God which is personal and (b) workina . 0 enjoys the position of a highly respected automatically and fairly for everyone. It i~eology. It should be noted that during the should be noted that the law of Dhamma is time when Thai society view nothing of usually translated as the law of nature. science, it seems that a purely Buddhist Nature is not God. And the work of nature is outlook determined everything concernina fair for everyone. The sun shines for the rich Thai Buddhism. What we call a pure/; and the poor equally; the rain falls for the Buddhist outlook is the Buddhist tradition whole earth. This is fairness. Likewise, through which knowledge in Buddhism is when men act following the rule of nature always required to present. For example, in they must gain the certain result which ha~ the time of Sukhothai there was one already been determined by nature itself. important religious writing named The concept of natural law in Buddhist Tebhumikatha. The contents and style of philosophy states that : (a) there is a thina 0 this work follow the Buddhist tradition as called natural law in the universe and that found in the great Buddhist texts produced law governs everything including man, (b) in the past; texts such as Visuddhimagga or the law of nature provides the result for other commentaries of Tipitaka made by every action in a way that the same action Buddhaghosa himself. Within Buddhist must lead to the same fruit. The law of tradition, the Buddhists have their own Kamma in Buddhism is one among many cosmology and other basic assumptions laws of nature. It is the ethical law of nature ~bout the universe. Buddhist cosmology has and it works like other laws. Good actions its own unique literary wealth. Before the bring men good results; bad actions lead to arrival of science in Thai society, this the bad results. At this point, it should be cosmology seems to have played an stated that Buddhism ·and science share the important role in the religious discourses same assumption, a naturalist assumption made by Thai Buddhist scholars. We shall 90 Downloaded from Brill.com10/04/2021 06:17:54AM via free access Buddhism and Science in Thai Society begin our exploration with one of the early Secondly, if it is a question of which is the great works of Buddhist literature in best example of the Buddhist writings made Ratanakosin period: the Pathomsombodhi­ in Thailand before the time when science katha of Somdet Paramanujit.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Buddhist Revivalist Movements Comparing Zen Buddhism and the Thai Forest Movement Buddhist Revivalist Movements Alan Robert Lopez Buddhist Revivalist Movements
    Alan Robert Lopez Buddhist Revivalist Movements Comparing Zen Buddhism and the Thai Forest Movement Buddhist Revivalist Movements Alan Robert Lopez Buddhist Revivalist Movements Comparing Zen Buddhism and the Thai Forest Movement Alan Robert Lopez Chiang Mai , Thailand ISBN 978-1-137-54349-3 ISBN 978-1-137-54086-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-54086-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956808 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © Nickolay Khoroshkov / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Gerontocracy of the Buddhist Monastic Administration in Thailand
    Simulacra | ISSN: 2622-6952 (Print), 2656-8721 (Online) https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/simulacra Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2021 Page 43–56 Gerontocracy of the Buddhist monastic administration in Thailand Jesada Buaban1* 1 Indonesian Consortium for Religious Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] DOI: https://doi.org/10.21107/sml.v4i1.9880 Article Info Abstract Keywords: This paper examines the monastic administration in Thai Buddhism, dhamma studies which is ruled by the senior monks and supported by the government. It aims to answer two questions; (1) why the Sangha’s administration has gerontocracy been designed to serve the bureaucratic system that monks abandon social Sangha Council and political justices, and (2) how the monastic education curriculum are secularism designed to support such a conservative system. Ethnographic methodology Thai Buddhism was conducted and collected data were analyzed through the concept of gerontocracy. It found that (1) Thai Buddhism gains supports from the government much more than other religions. Parallel with the state’s bureaucratic system, the hierarchical conservative council contains the elderly monks. Those committee members choose to respond to the government policy in order to maintain supports rather than to raise social issues; (2) gerontocracy is also facilitated by the idea of Theravada itself. In both theory and practice, the charismatic leader should be the old one, implying the condition of being less sexual feeling, hatred, and ignorance. Based on this criterion, the moral leader is more desirable than the intelligent. The concept of “merits from previous lives” is reinterpreted and reproduced to pave the way for the non-democratic system.
    [Show full text]
  • Style and Ascetics: Attractiveness, Power and the Thai Sangha
    Style and Ascetics: Attractiveness, Power and the Thai Sangha Natayada na Songkhla School of Oriental and African Studies Ph.D. Thesis ProQuest Number: 11015841 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is d ep en d en t upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely even t that the author did not send a com p lete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be rem oved, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11015841 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 4 8 1 0 6 - 1346 Abstract The majority of research for this thesis took place during the Thai general election of 1988 when the new religious movements Santi Asoke and Wat Dhammakaya were subject to investigation for political activity despite, respectively, defiance or denial. The relationship between the Thai Sangha and lay devotees is examined in order to discover how it is that Thai monks, whom many researchers find powerless, can be accused of political activity. In the past, monks have been used to legitimate lay political leaders and have taken active roles in local leadership. This thesis aims to determine whether monks in Thailand have power and, if they do, how such power becomes politically threatening to the status quo.
    [Show full text]
  • Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: to Be a Modern Burmese Citizen Living in a Nation‐State, 1889 – 1962
    Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: To be a modern Burmese citizen living in a nation‐state, 1889 – 1962 Yuri Takahashi Southeast Asian Studies School of Languages and Cultures Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The University of Sydney April 2017 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Statement of originality This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources has been acknowledged. Yuri Takahashi 2 April 2017 CONTENTS page Acknowledgements i Notes vi Abstract vii Figures ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Biography Writing as History and Shwe U Daung 20 Chapter 2 A Family after the Fall of Mandalay: Shwe U Daung’s Childhood and School Life 44 Chapter 3 Education, Occupation and Marriage 67 Chapter ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1917 and 1930 88 Chapter 5 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1930 and 1945 114 Chapter 6 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1945 and 1962 140 Conclusion 166 Appendix 1 A biography of Shwe U Daung 172 Appendix 2 Translation of Pyone Cho’s Buddhist songs 175 Bibliography 193 i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I came across Shwe U Daung’s name quite a long time ago in a class on the history of Burmese literature at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bhikkhunī-Ordination Controversy in Thailand
    JIABS Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies Volume 29 Number 1 2006 (2008) The Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies (ISSN 0193-600XX) is the organ of the International Association of Buddhist Studies, Inc. It welcomes scholarly contributions pertaining to all facets of Buddhist Studies. EDITORIAL BOARD JIABS is published twice yearly, in the summer and winter. KELLNER Birgit Manuscripts should preferably be sub- KRASSER Helmut mitted as e-mail attachments to: Joint Editors [email protected] as one single file, complete with footnotes and references, BUSWELL Robert in two different formats: in PDF-format, and in Rich-Text-Format (RTF) or Open- CHEN Jinhua Document-Format (created e.g. by Open COLLINS Steven Office). COX Collet GÓMEZ Luis O. Address books for review to: HARRISON Paul JIABS Editors, Institut für Kultur - und Geistesgeschichte Asiens, Prinz-Eugen- VON HINÜBER Oskar Strasse 8-10, AT-1040 Wien, AUSTRIA JACKSON Roger JAINI Padmanabh S. Address subscription orders and dues, KATSURA Shōryū changes of address, and UO business correspondence K Li-ying (including advertising orders) to: LOPEZ, Jr. Donald S. Dr Jérôme Ducor, IABS Treasurer MACDONALD Alexander Dept of Oriental Languages and Cultures SCHERRER-SCHAUB Cristina Anthropole SEYFORT RUEGG David University of Lausanne CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland SHARF Robert email: [email protected] STEINKELLNER Ernst Web: www.iabsinfo.net TILLEMANS Tom Fax: +41 21 692 30 45 ZÜRCHER Erik Subscriptions to JIABS are USD 40 per year for individuals and USD 70 per year for libraries and other institutions. For informations on membership in IABS, see back cover.
    [Show full text]
  • Vision of the Dhamma Bhikkhu P. A. Payutto
    Vision of the Dhamma A Collection of Buddhist Writings in English Bhikkhu P. A. Payutto Sabbadàna§ dhammadàna§ jinàti The gift of the Dhamma excels all other gifts. Vision of the Dhamma A Collection of Buddhist Writings in English © Bhikkhu P. A. Payutto ISBN: 978-974-09-3420-2 Cover design by Ven. Chaiyos Buddhivaro First published — October 2007 6,000 copies This publication, supported by a number of donors, is reverentially offered as a tribute to the Venerable Bhikkhu P. A. Payutto on the occasion of his appointment as Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of Thailand on December 20, 2006. Wat Nyanavesakavan Tambon Bang Krathuek Amphoe Sam Phran Nakhon Pathom 73210 Thailand Tel. 662-482-1552–3, 662-889-4396 Preface The present volume is a collection of my Buddhist writings in English on different occasions over a span of some twenty-five years. Upon learning that although some of the writings were already published, their circulation was confined to a relatively narrow circle of readers, while others were still unpublished, Dr. Somseen Chanawangsa, Fellow of the Royal Institute of Thailand, came up with the idea of gathering them into a single volume for ease of reference. Here is a brief account of their sources: The first paper, “Peace Through Freedom and Happiness,” was the acceptance speech delivered in Paris on the occasion of receiving the UNESCO’s Prize for Peace Education on December 20, 1994. The second paper, “Foundations of Buddhist Social Ethics” was originally entitled “Foundations of Buddhist Social Ethics in Contemporary Thailand” and subsequently published in Thailand under the title “Social Dimension of Buddhism in Contemporary Thailand.” It was a commissioned paper presented on June 19, 1981, at the “Moral Values in Comparative Perspective” conference, which was sponsored by the Berkeley/Harvard Cooperative Program in Comparative Religion, and held at the Graduate Theological Union, UC Berkeley, June 17–20, 1981.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana
    Journal of Buddhist Ethics ISSN 1076-9005 http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/ Volume 20, 2013 The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana Bhikkhu Anālayo Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Taiwan Copyright Notice: Digital copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no change is made and no alteration is made to the content. Re- production in any other format, with the exception of a single copy for pri- vate study, requires the written permission of the author. All enquiries to: [email protected]. The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana Bhikkhu Anālayo 1 Abstract In this article I study the revival of the bhikkhunī order in the Theravāda traditions and its supposed relation to a decline of the Buddha’s dispensation. Introduction My presentation begins with the contrast between the positive evalua- tion of the existence of an order of bhikkhunīs in early Buddhist discourse and the “prediction of decline,” according to which the establishing of this order would result in a decline of the Buddha’s dispensation (sāsana). Next I survey modern-day apprehensions that the revival of the bhik- khunī order constitutes a “Mahāyāna threat”; and then explore the “Theravāda sense of identity.” In an attempt to cover the legal issue of reviving bhikkhunī ordination in detail, I examine the alternatives of “dual ordination” and “single ordination.” Finally I turn to the current 1 I am indebted to Bhikhu Bodhi, Sāmaṇerī Dhammadinnā, Petra Kieffer-Pülz, Shi Kongmu, Kester Ratcliff and Martin Seeger for commenting on a draft version of the 111 Journal of Buddhist Ethics situation of nuns who have not received full ordination in the Theravāda traditions as instances of an “actual decline.”2 The Prediction of Decline As a way of getting into my subject of the relationship between the es- tablishing of an order of bhikkhunīs and what according to early Buddhist texts leads to a decline of the sāsana, I begin by translating a short dis- course from the Saṃyukta-āgama.
    [Show full text]
  • The Way It Is
    The way it is By Ajahn Sumedho 1 Ajahn Sumedho 2 Venerable Ajahn Sumedho is a bhikkhu of the Theravada school of Buddhism, a tradition that prevails in Sri Lanka and S.E. Asia. In this last century, its clear and practical teachings have been well received in the West as a source of understanding and peace that stands up to the rigorous test of our current age. Ajahn Sumedho is himself a Westerner having been born in Seattle, Washington, USA in 1934. He left the States in 1964 and took bhikkhu ordination in Nong Khai, N.E. Thailand in 1967. Soon after this he went to stay with Venerable Ajahn Chah, a Thai meditation master who lived in a forest monastery known as Wat Nong Pah Pong in Ubon Province. Ajahn Chah’s monasteries were renowned for their austerity and emphasis on a simple direct approach to Dhamma practice, and Ajahn Sumedho eventually stayed for ten years in this environment before being invited to take up residence in London by the English Sangha Trust with three other of Ajahn Chah’s Western disciples. The aim of the English Sangha Trust was to establish the proper conditions for the training of bhikkhus in the West. Their London base, the Hampstead Buddhist Vihara, provided a reasonable starting point but the advantages of a more gentle rural environment inclined the Sangha to establishing a forest monastery in Britain. This aim was achieved in 1979, with the acquisition of a ruined house in West Sussex subsequently known as Chithurst Buddhist Monastery or Cittaviveka.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana
    Journal of Buddhist Ethics ISSN 1076-9005 http://blogs.dickinson.edu/buddhistethics/ Volume 20, 2013 The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana Bhikkhu Anālayo Center for Buddhist Studies, University of Hamburg Dharma Drum Buddhist College, Taiwan Copyright Notice: Digital copies of this work may be made and distributed provided no change is made and no alteration is made to the content. Re- production in any other format, with the exception of a single copy for pri- vate study, requires the written permission of the author. All enquiries to: [email protected]. The Revival of the Bhikkhunī Order and the Decline of the Sāsana Bhikkhu Anālayo 1 Abstract In this article I study the revival of the bhikkhunī order in the Theravāda traditions and its supposed relation to a decline of the Buddha’s dispensation. Introduction My presentation begins with the contrast between the positive evalua- tion of the existence of an order of bhikkhunīs in early Buddhist discourse and the “prediction of decline,” according to which the establishing of this order would result in a decline of the Buddha’s dispensation (sāsana). Next I survey modern-day apprehensions that the revival of the bhik- khunī order constitutes a “Mahāyāna threat”; and then explore the “Theravāda sense of identity.” In an attempt to cover the legal issue of reviving bhikkhunī ordination in detail, I examine the alternatives of “dual ordination” and “single ordination.” Finally I turn to the current 1 I am indebted to Bhikhu Bodhi, Sāmaṇerī Dhammadinnā, Petra Kieffer-Pülz, Shi Kongmu, Kester Ratcliff and Martin Seeger for commenting on a draft version of the present paper and to Stefano Zacchetti for help in getting a needed publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism, Gender, Woman
    Feminism, Gender, Woman... A List of Articles, Books, Chapters in western languages available at the École Française d'Extrême-Orient Library in Chiang Mai, 131 Charoen Prathet Road Opposite The Alliance Française or at Louis Gabaude's home in Sansai Louis GABAUDE Chiang Mai - Sansai July 2016 Feminism, Gender, Woman... A List of Articles, Books, Chapters in western languages available at the École Française d'Extrême-Orient Library in Chiang Mai, 131 Charoen Prathet Road - Opposite The Alliance Française or at Louis Gabaude's home in Sansai (Contact: <[email protected]> More than 2000 References Note 1: This list includes records entered up to 2007 [Before my retirement from the EFEO]. For later acquisitions, consult the EFEO librarian, Dr. Rosakhon, at the library, or Louis Gabaude <[email protected]> Note 2: Records with "Inv. LGTAP" are located in Louis Gabaude's home in Sansai Note 3: Records with "Inv. LG + a number higher than 35000" are located in Louis Gabaude's home in Sansai L.G. ---. "Women and Buddhism in Thailand: A changing identity for religious women". 21 p. - NOTE: Manuscrit. - CALL Nr.: TAP. W872W: Inv. LGTAP 04544. [4544] A. A. "Enceintes dès le seuil de l'adolescence". >>> Croix (La) - L'Evénement (2001/02/21), p. 13. - CALL Nr.: TAP. A???E: Inv. LGTAP ???. [90000] Abbott, Susan M. "[Review of] Simmer-Brown, Judith. Dakini's Warm Breath: The Feminine Principle in Tibetan Buddhism. Boston: Shambhala Publication, 2001. xxv, 404 p.". >>> Pacific World (The) [Third Series], 04 (2002), p. 281-287. - CALL Nr.: PER. E. P001[3]-04: Inv. LGPER. E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Significance of Khruba Sriwichai 'S Role in Northern Thai Buddhism : His Sacred Biography , Meditation Practice and Influence
    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF KHRUBA SRIWICHAI 'S ROLE IN NORTHERN THAI BUDDHISM : HIS SACRED BIOGRAPHY , MEDITATION PRACTICE AND INFLUENCE ISARA TREESAHAKIAT Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts in Religious Studies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand, 29 April 2011 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................ iii INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE : A LITERATURE REVIEW OF THAI AND ENGLISH MATERIALS ON KHRUBA SRIWICHAI ............................................................................................... 6 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 6 1.1 The definitions of khruba and ton bun ........................................................... 7 1.2 The belief in ton bun , millennialism, and bodhisatta .................................. 11 1.3 The association between ton bun and political authority ............................. 14 1.4 Ton bun , Buddhist revival and construction of sacred space ....................... 17 1.5 The fundamental theory of charisma ........................................................... 19 1.6 The theory of sacred biography and the framework for conceptualizing the history of the monks in Thailand ......................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Small Boat, Great Mountain
    small boat, great mountain AMARO BHIKKHU Theravadanµ Reflections on The Natural Great Perfection May whatever goodness that arises from reading these pages be dedicated to the welfare of Patricia Horner, my greatly beloved mother. In kindness and unselfishness unsurpassed, she showed me the beauty of the world in her endlessly caring and generous heart. Small Boat, Great Mountain small boat, great mountain Therava-dan Reflections on the Natural Great Perfection AMARO BHIKKHU ABHAYAGIRI MONASTERY Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery 16201 Tomki Road Redwood Valley, CA 95470 www.abhayagiri.org 707-485-1630 © 2003 Abhayagiri Monastic Foundation Copyright is reserved only when reprinting for sale. Permission to reprint for free distribution is hereby given as long as no changes are made to the original. Printed in the United States of America First edition 12345/ 07 06 05 04 03 This book has been sponsored for free distribution. Front cover painting by Ajahn Jitindriyaµ Brush drawings by Ajahn Amaro Cover and text design by Margery Cantor isbn 0-9620640-6-8 Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammasambuddhassaµ Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammasambuddhassaµ Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammasambuddhassaµ Contents Foreword by Ven. Tsoknyi Rinpoche ix Preface by Guy Armstrong xi Acknowledgements xvii Abbreviations xix essence of mind one Ultimate and Conventional Reality 3 two The Place of Nonabiding 15 being buddha three The View from the Forest 35 four Cessation of Consciousness 55 five Immanent and Transcendent 73 who are you? six No Buddha Elsewhere 97 seven Off the Wheel 121 eight The Portable Retreat 147 Selected Chants 159 Glossary 171 Index 179 Foreword A jahn amaro is a true follower of the Buddha and holder of the teaching lineage of the Theravaµda tradition.
    [Show full text]